1
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Townsend LK, Steinberg GR. AMPK and the Endocrine Control of Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:910-933. [PMID: 37115289 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms require a coordinated response from multiple tissues to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. It is also essential that energy is stored efficiently with feeding and the chronic nutrient surplus that occurs with obesity. Mammals have adapted several endocrine signals that regulate metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability and energy demand. These include hormones altered by fasting and refeeding including insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, catecholamines, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 21; adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin; cell stress-induced cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and growth differentiating factor 15, and lastly exerkines such as interleukin-6 and irisin. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that many of these endocrine factors control metabolism by regulating the activity of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase). AMPK is a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, phosphorylating over 100 distinct substrates that are critical for controlling autophagy, carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein metabolism. In this review, we discuss how AMPK integrates endocrine signals to maintain energy balance in response to diverse homeostatic challenges. We also present some considerations with respect to experimental design which should enhance reproducibility and the fidelity of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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2
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Anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) gonad hydrolysates in type II diabetic rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and Its Receptors Signal Regulate Cementoblasts Apoptosis through a Mechanism of ERK1/2 and Caspases Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158335. [PMID: 35955469 PMCID: PMC9369201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was identified as a survival factor in various types of peripheral and central neurons, glia and non-neural cells. At present, there is no available data on the expression and localization of CNTF-receptors in cementoblasts as well as on the role of exogenous CNTF on this cell line. The purpose of this study was to determine if cementoblasts express CNTF-receptors and analyze the mechanism of its apoptotic regulation effects on cementoblasts. OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultivated and stimulated kinetically using CNTF protein (NBP2-35168, Novus Biologicals). Quantified transcriptional (RT-qPCR) and translational (WB) products of CNTFRα, IL-6Rα (CD126), LIFR, p-GP130, GP130, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, Caspase-8, -9, -3 and cleaved-caspase-3 were evaluated. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was applied to visualize the localization of the CNTF-receptors within cells. The apoptosis ratio was measured with an Annexin-V FITC/PI kit. The ERK1/2 antagonist (FR180204, Calbiochem) was added for further investigation by flow cytometry analysis. The CNTF-receptor complex (CNTFRα, LIFR, GP130) was functionally up-regulated in cementoblasts while cultivated with exogenous CNTF. CNTF significantly attenuated cell viability and proliferation for long-term stimulation. Flow cytometry analysis shows that CNTF enhanced the apoptosis after prolonged duration. However, after only a short-term period, CNTF halts the apoptosis of cementoblasts. Further studies revealed that CNTF activated phosphorylated GP130 and the anti-apoptotic molecule ERK1/2 signaling to participate in the regulation of the apoptosis ratio of cementoblasts. In conclusion, CNTF elicited the cellular functions through a notable induction of its receptor complex in cementoblasts. CNTF has an inhibitory effect on the cementoblast homeostasis. These data also elucidate a cellular mechanism for an exogenous CNTF-triggered apoptosis regulation in a mechanism of ERK1/2 and caspase signaling and provides insight into the complex cellular responses induced by CNTF in cementoblasts.
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4
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Busilacchi EM, Di Simone N, Giannubilo SR, Scambia G, Giordano A, Marzioni D. Modulation of matrix metalloproteases by ciliary neurotrophic factor in human placental development. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:113-129. [PMID: 35794391 PMCID: PMC9525382 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals through a receptor complex containing a specific subunit, CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα). The two molecules are constitutively expressed in key structures for human placental growth and differentiation. The possible role of CNTF in enhancing cell proliferation and/or invasion during placental development and remodelling was investigated using HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo cells, taken respectively as cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast models. In both cell lines, treatment with human recombinant (hr) CNTF activated JAK2/STAT3 signalling and inhibited the ERK pathway. Interestingly, in HTR-8/SVneo cells, 50 ng hrCNTF induced significant downregulation of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1 and significant upregulation of MMP-9. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling by AG490 and curcumin resulted in MMP-9 downregulation; it activated the ERK signalling pathway and upregulated MMP-1 expression. Collectively, these data suggest a role for CNTF signalling in extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion through the modulation of specific MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.,Clinica Di Ostetricia E Ginecologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Marinelli Busilacchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni56, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefano R Giannubilo
- Clinica Di Ostetricia E Ginecologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, 60123, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- U.O.C. Di Ostetricia E Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, del Bambino E Di Sanità Pubblica, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Clinica Ostetrica E Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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5
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Newlin Lew K, Arnold T, Cantelmo C, Jacque F, Posada-Quintero H, Luthra P, Chon KH. Diabetes Distal Peripheral Neuropathy: Subtypes and Diagnostic and Screening Technologies. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:295-320. [PMID: 34994241 PMCID: PMC8861801 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211035375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is the most prevalent form of neuropathy in industrialized countries, substantially increasing risk for morbidity and pre-mature mortality. DSPN may manifest with small-fiber disease, large-fiber disease, or a combination of both. This review summarizes: (1) DSPN subtypes (small- and large-fiber disease) with attention to clinical signs and patient symptoms; and (2) technological diagnosis and screening for large- and small-fiber disease with inclusion of a comprehensive literature review of published studies from 2015-present (N = 66). Review findings, informed by the most up-to-date research, advance critical understanding of DSPN large- and small-fiber screening technologies, including those designed for point-of-care use in primary care and endocrinology practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Newlin Lew
- School of Nursing, University of
Connecticut (UConn), Storrs, CT, USA
- Kelley Newlin Lew, School of Nursing,
University of Connecticut (UConn), 231 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Tracey Arnold
- School of Nursing, University of
Connecticut (UConn), Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Francky Jacque
- Hispanic Alliance of Southeastern
Connecticut, New London, CT, USA
| | - Hugo Posada-Quintero
- Biomedical Engineering Department,
University of Connecticut (UConn), Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Pooja Luthra
- Division of Endocrinology and
Metabolism, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ki H. Chon
- Biomedical Engineering Department,
University of Connecticut (UConn), Storrs, CT, USA
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6
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Anti-diabetic effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria nobilis) hydrolysates in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet induced diabetic rats via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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7
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Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Tossetta G, Severi I, Monaco F, Reguzzoni M, Tomasetti M, Dani C, Cinti S, Giordano A. Biological Effects of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor on hMADS Adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:768. [PMID: 31781039 PMCID: PMC6861295 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to experimental animals exerts anti-obesity effects by acting on multiple targets. In white adipose tissue CNTF reduces lipid content, promotes fatty acid (FA) oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity. This study was performed to establish whether CNTF exerts similar effects on human white adipocytes. To this end, adipose differentiation was induced in vitro in human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) expression was assessed in hMADS cells and adipocytes by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. After administration of human recombinant CNTF, signaling pathways and gene expression were evaluated by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake was assessed by measuring 2-nitrobenzodeoxyglucose uptake with a fluorescence plate reader. Lastly, CNTF-induced anti-inflammatory responses were evaluated in hMADS adipocytes stressed with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for 24 h. Results showed that CNTFRα protein expression was higher in undifferentiated hMADS cells than in hMADS adipocytes, where it was however clearly detectable. In hMADS adipocytes, 1 nM CNTF strongly activated the JAK-STAT3 (Janus kinase-signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathway and acutely and transiently activated the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and AKT (protein kinase B) pathways. Acute CNTF treatment for 20 min significantly increased basal glucose uptake and was associated with increased AKT phosphorylation. Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers. In TNFα-treated hMADS adipocytes, CNTF significantly reduced the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and TNFα-induced AKT inhibition. Collectively, these findings demonstrate for the first time that CNTF plays a role also in human adipocytes, driving their metabolism toward a less lipid-storing and more energy-consuming phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, United Hospitals, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Giordano
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8
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Gao S, Durstine JL, Koh HJ, Carver WE, Frizzell N, Carson JA. Acute myotube protein synthesis regulation by IL-6-related cytokines. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C487-C500. [PMID: 28768641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00112.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), members of the IL-6 family of cytokines, play recognized paradoxical roles in skeletal muscle mass regulation, being associated with both growth and atrophy. Overload or muscle contractions can induce a transient increase in muscle IL-6 and LIF expression, which has a regulatory role in muscle hypertrophy. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in this regulation have not been completely identified. The induction of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent myofiber protein synthesis is an established regulator of muscle hypertrophy, but the involvement of the IL-6 family of cytokines in this process is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of IL-6 and LIF administration on mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes. The role of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor and downstream signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mTORC1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), was investigated by administration of specific siRNA or pharmaceutical inhibitors. Acute administration of IL-6 and LIF induced protein synthesis, which was accompanied by STAT3 activation, Akt-mTORC1 activation, and increased SOCS3 expression. This induction of protein synthesis was blocked by both gp130 siRNA knockdown and Akt inhibition. Interestingly, STAT3 inhibition or Akt downstream mTORC1 signaling inhibition did not fully block the IL-6 or LIF induction of protein synthesis. SOCS3 siRNA knockdown increased basal protein synthesis and extended the duration of the protein synthesis induction by IL-6 and LIF. These results demonstrate that either IL-6 or LIF can activate gp130-Akt signaling axis, which induces protein synthesis via mTORC1-independent mechanisms in cultured myotubes. However, IL-6- or LIF-induced SOCS3 negatively regulates the activation of myotube protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - J Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Wayne E Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuronscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; .,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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9
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Wang H, Shi L, Liang T, Wang B, Wu W, Su G, Wei J, Li P, Huang R. MiR-696 Regulates C2C12 Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting CNTFRα. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:413-425. [PMID: 28529450 PMCID: PMC5436562 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-696 (miR-696) has been previously known as an exercise related miRNA, which has a profound role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle. However, its role in skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-696 expressed highly in skeletal muscle and reduced during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. MiR-696 overexpression repressed C2C12 myoblast proliferation and myofiber formation, while knockdown of endogenous miR-696 expression showed opposite results. During myogenesis, we observed an inversed expression pattern between miR-696 and CNTFRα in vitro, and demonstrated that miR-696 could specifically target CNTFRα and repress the expression of CNTFRα. Additionally, we further found that knockdown of CNTFRα suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Taking all things together, we propose a novel insight that miR-696 down-regulates C2C12 cell myogenesis by inhibiting CNTFRα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - BinBin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - WangJun Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guosheng Su
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julong Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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10
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Wu W, Feng J, Jiang D, Zhou X, Jiang Q, Cai M, Wang X, Shan T, Wang Y. AMPK regulates lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle cells through FTO-dependent demethylation of N 6-methyladenosine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41606. [PMID: 28176824 PMCID: PMC5296945 DOI: 10.1038/srep41606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays important roles in whole-body energy homeostasis. Excessive skeletal muscle lipid accumulation is associated with some metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. The energy sensor AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a key regulator of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, but the precise regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we provide a novel mechanism by which AMPK regulates skeletal muscle lipid accumulation through fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)-dependent demethylation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A). We confirmed an inverse correlation between AMPK and skeletal muscle lipid content. Moreover, inhibition of AMPK enhanced lipid accumulation, while activation of AMPK reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle cells. Notably, we found that mRNA m6A methylation levels were inversely correlated with lipid content in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, AMPK positively regulated the m6A methylation levels of mRNA, which could negatively regulate lipid accumulation in C2C12. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that AMPK regulated lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle cells by regulating FTO expression and FTO-dependent demethylation of m6A. Together, these results provide a novel regulatory mechanism of AMPK on lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and suggest the possibility of controlling skeletal muscle lipid deposition by targeting AMPK or using m6A related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Denghu Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, P. R. China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Min Cai
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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11
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Yu N, Fang X, Zhao D, Mu Q, Zuo J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Mo F, Zhang D, Jiang G, Wu R, Gao S. Anti-Diabetic Effects of Jiang Tang Xiao Ke Granule via PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes KKAy Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168980. [PMID: 28045971 PMCID: PMC5207690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule, a Chinese herbal formula, has been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for decades. Our previous studies showed that JTXK granule exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative functions in experimental diabetic rats induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of JTXK granule on T2DM KKAy mice and the possible associations with skeletal muscle in the current study. Our results showed that JTXK granule significantly reduced food intake and body weight in T2DM KKAy mice. JTXK granule treatment also decreased the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and increased the insulin sensitivity in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, it ameliorated hyperlipidaemia and induced a lower free fatty acid level, displaying an effect on disorders of lipid metabolism. JTXK granule significantly increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and decreased the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). We concluded that JTXK granule is an effective drug for T2DM through regulating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Mu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Zuo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, South Area of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Pasquin S, Sharma M, Gauchat JF. Cytokines of the LIF/CNTF family and metabolism. Cytokine 2016; 82:122-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Tsompanidis A, Vafiadaki E, Blüher S, Kalozoumi G, Sanoudou D, Mantzoros CS. Ciliary neurotrophic factor upregulates follistatin and Pak1, causes overexpression of muscle differentiation related genes and downregulation of established atrophy mediators in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2016; 65:915-25. [PMID: 27173470 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) is a pluripotent cytokine with anorexigenic actions in the hypothalamus that improves insulin sensitivity, increases energy expenditure and induces weight loss. Since CNTF also has an established myotrophic role, we sought to examine whether skeletal muscle contributes to the CNTF-induced metabolic improvement and identify the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects. METHODS We used a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, to which high or low CNTF doses were administered for 7days. Whole transcriptome expression levels were analyzed in dissected soleus muscles using microarrays and data were then confirmed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We demonstrate that CNTF administration significantly downregulates leptin, while it upregulates follistatin and Pak1; a molecule associated with insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle. A significant overexpression of muscle differentiation related genes and downregulation of established atrophy mediators was observed. CONCLUSIONS The overall gene expression changes suggest an indirect, beneficial effect of CNTF on metabolism, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity, exerted by the pronounced stimulation of muscle growth, with similarities to the described effect of follistatin and the activation of the Akt pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsompanidis
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susann Blüher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Kalozoumi
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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ZHU RONGFENG, ZHENG JIANJUN, CHEN LIZHEN, GU BIN, HUANG SHENGLI. Astragaloside IV facilitates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes through the IRS1/AKT pathway and suppresses the palmitate-induced activation of the IKK/IκBα pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1697-705. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hunt LC, White J. The Role of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Growth, Injury and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:45-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Borg ML, Reichenbach A, Lemus M, Oldfield BJ, Andrews ZB, Watt MJ. Central Administration of the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Analogue, Axokine, Does Not Play a Role in Long-Term Energy Homeostasis in Adult Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:223-9. [PMID: 26088805 DOI: 10.1159/000435860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) exerts powerful anorectic effects and has been suggested to regulate long-term energy balance by inducing adult neurogenesis in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. METHODS The CNTF analogue, Axokine, was infused into the lateral ventricle of high-fat-fed mice for 1 week. Food intake, energy expenditure, body mass, glucose metabolism, and neurogenesis in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus were assessed 3 weeks after cessation of Axokine treatment. RESULTS Short-term administration of Axokine induced an anorexic response but did not promote sustained weight loss. Instead, a rapid rebound in food intake and body mass occurred immediately after cessation of Axokine treatment, and this tended to reduce insulin sensitivity. Immunolabeling of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine revealed limited neurogenesis in the ARC 3 weeks after Axokine treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Axokine/CNTF does not induce substantial or sustained ARC neurogenesis or contribute to the long-term regulation of energy balance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Borg
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Lin X, Wu Q, Yang Y, Kong J, Ji P. The trophic effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on injured masseter muscle in rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:920-6. [PMID: 26526387 PMCID: PMC4620193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occlusal trauma is one of the most common forms of oral biting dysfunction. Long-term occlusal trauma could weaken the stomatognathic system; especially damage one's masticatory muscle. Through using the rat model, this study investigated the trophic effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on injured masseter muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=36) were randomly divided into five experimental groups and one control group (6 rats per group). Animals in the experimental group were cemented modified crowns on their mandibular first molars to artificially induce occlusal trauma in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Control group was sham-treated with forced mouth-opening for about 5 min, while no crowns were placed. After 28 days of treatment, all rats were euthanized and their masseter muscle was collected. Through immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR, the expression of desmin, CNTF, and CNTFRα was investigated in rat masseter muscle. The microstructure of masseter muscle was observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS The expression of desmin showed a time-dependent decrease on traumatic and non-traumatic sides masseter, until reached the nadir at the 14(th) day, then restored to its normal level at the 28(th) day; however, the expression of CNTF and CNTFRα on the traumatic and non-traumatic sides increased from day 7, reached the peak at the 14(th) day, and returned to normal level on the 28(th) day. CONCLUSION CNTF, as an important neurotrophic factor, was tightly associated to the restoring of rat injured masseter muscle, which provides new target and treatment method for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Stomatology, Taishan Medical College, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Qingting Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Yingying Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012
| | - Ping Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Postcode: 250012,Corresponding author: Ping Ji. College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Tel: +86-0531-88382448;
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Brandt N, O'Neill HM, Kleinert M, Schjerling P, Vernet E, Steinberg GR, Richter EA, Jørgensen SB. Leukemia inhibitory factor increases glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E142-53. [PMID: 25968579 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00313.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the IL-6 family, IL-6 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), have been shown to increase glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. However, the metabolic effects of another family member, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), are not well characterized. Effects of LIF on skeletal muscle glucose uptake and palmitate oxidation and signaling were investigated in ex vivo incubated mouse soleus and EDL muscles from muscle-specific AMPKα2 kinase-dead, muscle-specific SOCS3 knockout, and lean and high-fat-fed mice. Inhibitors were used to investigate involvement of specific signaling pathways. LIF increased muscle glucose uptake in dose (50-5,000 pM/l) and time-dependent manners with maximal effects at the 30-min time point. LIF increased Akt Ser(473) phosphorylation (P) in soleus and EDL, whereas AMPK Thr(172) P was unaffected. Incubation with parthenolide abolished LIF-induced glucose uptake and STAT3 Tyr(705) P, whereas incubation with LY-294002 and wortmannin suppressed both basal and LIF-induced glucose uptake and Akt Ser(473) P, indicating that JAK and PI 3-kinase signaling is required for LIF-stimulated glucose uptake. Incubation with rapamycin and AZD8055 indicated that mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)2, but not mTORC1, also is required for LIF-stimulated glucose uptake. In contrast to CNTF, LIF stimulation did not alter palmitate oxidation. LIF-stimulated glucose uptake was maintained in EDL from obese insulin-resistant mice, whereas soleus developed LIF resistance. Lack of SOCS3 and AMPKα2 did not affect LIF-stimulated glucose uptake. In conclusion, LIF acutely increased muscle glucose uptake by a mechanism potentially involving the PI 3-kinase/mTORC2/Akt pathway and is not impaired in EDL muscle from obese insulin-resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Brandt
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hayley M O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Erik Vernet
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pasquin S, Sharma M, Gauchat JF. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF): New facets of an old molecule for treating neurodegenerative and metabolic syndrome pathologies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:507-15. [PMID: 26187860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is the most extensively studied member of the cytokine family that signal through intracellular chains of the gp130/LIFRβ receptor. The severe phenotype in patients suffering from mutations inactivating LIFRβ indicates that members of this cytokine family play key, non-redundant roles during development. Accordingly, three decades of research has revealed potent and promising trophic and regulatory activities of CNTF in neurons, oligodendrocytes, muscle cells, bone cells, adipocytes and retinal cells. These findings led to clinical trials to test the therapeutic potential of CNTF and CNTF derivatives for treating neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Promising results have encouraged continuation of studies for treating retinal degenerative diseases. Results of some clinical trials showed that side-effects may limit the systemically administrated doses of CNTF. Therefore, therapies being currently tested rely on local delivery of CNTF using encapsulated cytokine-secreting implants. Since the side effects of CNTF might be linked to its ability to activate the alternative IL6Rα-LIFRβ-gp130 receptor, CNTFR-specific mutants of CNTF have been developed that bind to the CNTFRα-LIFRβ-gp130 receptor. These developments may prove to be a breakthrough for therapeutic applications of systemically administered CNTF in pathologies such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. The "designer cytokine approach" offers future opportunities to further enhance specificity by conjugating mutant CNTF with modified soluble CNTFRα to target therapeutically relevant cells that express gp130-LIFRβ and a specific cell surface marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pasquin
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Renal Division, KCVA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Jean-François Gauchat
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Min HK, Mirshahi F, Verdianelli A, Pacana T, Patel V, Park CG, Choi A, Lee JH, Park CB, Ren S, Sanyal AJ. Activation of the GP130-STAT3 axis and its potential implications in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G794-803. [PMID: 25747354 PMCID: PMC4421014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00390.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The status of the GP130-STAT3 signaling pathway in humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relevance to disease pathogenesis are unknown. The expression of the gp130-STAT3 axis and gp130 cytokine receptors were studied in subjects with varying phenotypes of NAFLD including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and compared with lean and weight-matched controls without NAFLD. Gp130 and its downstream signaling element (Tyk2 and STAT3) expression were inhibited in obese controls whereas they were increased in NAFLD. IL-6 levels were increased in NASH and correlated with gp130 expression (P < 0.01). Palmitate inhibited gp130-STAT3 expression and signaling. IL-6 and palmitate inhibited hepatic insulin signaling via STAT3-dependent and independent mechanisms, respectively. STAT3 overexpression reversed palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by increasing autophagy (ATG7) and decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data demonstrate that the STAT3 pathway is activated in NAFLD and can worsen insulin resistance while protecting against other lipotoxic mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ki Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Aurora Verdianelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Tommy Pacana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Vaishali Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Chun-Geon Park
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Aejin Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Berm Park
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; and
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Transcription factor TIP27 regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in a PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent manner in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:949-58. [PMID: 25614086 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Juxtaposed with another zinc-finger gene 1 (TIP27 or JAZF1) is a 27-kDa transcription factor, and genome-wide association studies have recently revealed TIP27 to be associated with type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about its role in the regulation of metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of TIP27 overexpression on glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed TIP27 transgenic (TIP27-Tg) mice and db/db mice. METHODS We assessed the effects of TIP27 overexpression in both TIP27-Tg mice and db/db mice on glucose metabolism and changes in insulin sensitivity during glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed on TIP27-Tg mice. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to assess mRNA and protein expressions. RESULTS TIP27 overexpression in TIP27-Tg mice and in db/db mice led to reduced total cholesterol and fasting plasma insulin levels, and enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during GTT and ITT. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments demonstrated that HFD-fed TIP27-Tg mice had lower hepatic glucose production and higher insulin sensitivity compared with nontransgenic littermates. In addition, the hepatic expressions of phosphoenolpyruate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNAs and proteins were significantly decreased, whereas the phosphorylation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and Akt kinase (Akt) in the liver was significantly increased in HFD-fed TIP27-Tg mice compared with nontransgenic littermates. Adenovirus-mediated TIP27 overexpression in db/db mice also decreased the expression of gluconeogenic genes and increased the phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules in the liver compared with controls. Finally, LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, abolished the suppressive effect of TIP27 overexpression on PEPCK and G6Pase expression. CONCLUSIONS TIP27 has an important role in glucose homeostasis through the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, this regulation requires activation of PI3-kinase.
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Xie X, Xu XM, Li N, Zhang YH, Zhao Y, Ma CY, Dong DL. DMH1 increases glucose metabolism through activating Akt in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107776. [PMID: 25247550 PMCID: PMC4172596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DMH1(4-[6-(4-Isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl] quinoline) is a compound C analogue with the structural modifications at the 3- and 6-positions in pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine backbone. Compound C was reported to inhibit both AMPK and Akt. Our preliminary work found that DMH1 activated Akt. Since Akt was involved in glucose metabolism, we aimed to identify the effects of DMH1 on glucose metabolism in L6 rat muscle cells and the potential mechanism. Results showed that DMH1 increased lactic acid release and glucose consumption in L6 rat muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. DMH1 activated Akt in L6 cells. Akt inhibitor inhibited DMH1-induced Akt activation and DMH1-induced increases of glucose uptake and consumption. DMH1 had no cytotoxicity in L6 cells, but inhibited mitochondrial function and reduced ATP production. DMH1 showed no effect on AMPK, but in the presence of Akt inhibitor, DMH1 significantly activated AMPK. Compound C inhibited DMH1-induced Akt activation in L6 cells. Compound C inhibited DMH1-induced increase of glucose uptake, consumption and lactic acid release in L6 cells. DMH1 inhibited PP2A activity, and PP2A activator forskolin reversed DMH1-induced Akt activation. We concluded that DMH1 increased glucose metabolism through activating Akt and DMH1 activated Akt through inhibiting PP2A activity in L6 rat muscle cells. In view of the analogue structure of DMH1 and compound C and the contrasting effects of DMH1 and compound C on Akt, the present study provides a novel leading chemical structure targeting Akt with potential use for regulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, O'Hara KA, Gardiner PF, Sheppard P, Moffatt TL, Duhamel TA. Differential regulation of the fiber type-specific gene expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoforms induced by exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:544-55. [PMID: 24876362 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) 1a and SERCA2a in different skeletal muscle fiber types has yet to be elucidated. Sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2-kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress a mutated and inactivated AMPKα2 subunit, were utilized to characterize how genotype or exercise training influenced the regulation of SERCA isoforms in gastrocnemius. As expected, both Sed and Ex KD mice had >40% lower AMPK phosphorylation and 30% lower SERCA1a protein than WT mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, SERCA2a protein was not different among KD and WT mice. Exercise increased SERCA1a and SERCA2a protein content among WT and KD mice, compared with their Sed counterparts. Maximal SERCA activity was lower in KD mice, compared with WT. Total phospholamban protein was higher in KD mice than in WT and lower in Ex compared with Sed mice. Exercise training increased phospholamban Ser(16) phosphorylation in WT mice. Laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR indicated that SERCA1a mRNA expression among type I fibers was not altered by genotype or exercise, but SERCA2a mRNA was increased 30-fold in WT+Ex, compared with WT+Sed. In contrast, the exercise-stimulated increase for SERCA2a mRNA was blunted in KD mice. Exercise upregulated SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA among type II fibers, but was not altered by genotype. Collectively, these data suggest that exercise differentially influences SERCA isoform expression in type I and type II fibers. Additionally, AMPKα2 influences the regulation of SERCA2a mRNA in type I skeletal muscle fibers following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Morissette
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shanel E Susser
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kimberley A O'Hara
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Phillip F Gardiner
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia Sheppard
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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Chowdhury SR, Saleh A, Akude E, Smith DR, Morrow D, Tessler L, Calcutt NA, Fernyhough P. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Reverses Aberrant Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Through the JAK/STAT Pathway in Cultured Sensory Neurons Derived from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rodents. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:643-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R. Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:191-200. [PMID: 23671428 PMCID: PMC3648822 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.33181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be an inert tissue that stores fat. This tissue is capable of expanding to accommodate increased lipids through hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and by initiating differentiation of pre-adipocytes. Adipose tissue metabolism exerts an impact on whole-body metabolism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several hormones. These are active in a range of processes, such as control of nutritional intake (leptin, angiotensin), control of sensitivity to insulin and inflammatory process mediators (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, among others) and pathways (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) for example). This paper reviews some of the biochemical and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue and its relationship to inflammatory disease and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Coelho
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas e Unidade de Mecanismos Moleculares da Doença do Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal ; Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Química (U38-FCT), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Asrih M, Gardier S, Papageorgiou I, Montessuit C. Dual effect of the heart-targeting cytokine cardiotrophin-1 on glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 56:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rezende LF, Santos GJ, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Ciliary neurotrophic factor protects mice against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes through SOCS3: the role of STAT1/STAT3 ratio in β-cell death. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41628-39. [PMID: 23038263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.358788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a loss of islet β-cells. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced apoptosis. For this reason, we assessed whether CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabetes (a model of type 1 diabetes) and the mechanism for this protection. WT and SOCS3 knockdown C57BL6 mice were treated for 5 days with citrate buffer or 0.1 mg/kg CNTF before receiving 80 mg/kg streptozotocin. Glycemia in non-fasted mice was measured weekly from days 0-28 after streptozotocin administration. Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose > 11.2 mmol/liter. Wild-type (WT) and SOCS3 knockdown MIN6 cells were cultured with CNTF, IL1β, or both. CNTF reduced diabetes incidence and islet apoptosis in WT but not in SOCS3kd mice. Likewise, CNTF inhibited apoptosis in WT but not in SOCS3kd MIN6 cells. CNTF increased STAT3 phosphorylation in WT and SOCS3kd mice and MIN6 cells but reduced STAT1 phosphorylation only in WT mice, in contrast to streptozotocin and IL1β. Moreover, CNTF reduced NFκB activation and required down-regulation of inducible NO synthase expression to exert its protective effects. In conclusion, CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabetes by increasing pancreatic islet survival, and this protection depends on SOCS3. In addition, SOCS3 expression and β-cell fate are dependent on STAT1/STAT3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-865, Brazil.
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Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that affects all ethnic populations worldwide. The etiology of this disease is based on the interaction of genetic factors, environment and lifestyles indicators. Genetic contribution to the epidemic has gained attention from 2 sources: monogenic syndromes that display severe obesity, and the polygenic model of common obesity. Single mutations can render a syndrome with severe obesity resulting from alteration in central o peripheral appetite control mechanisms. The interaction of several polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications constitute the basic plot for common obesity, molecular ingredients that should not confuse the investigator-they make this riddle even harder to decipher.
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Saleh A, Roy Chowdhury SK, Smith DR, Balakrishnan S, Tessler L, Martens C, Morrow D, Schartner E, Frizzi KE, Calcutt NA, Fernyhough P. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates NF-κB to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent neuropathy in sensory neurons of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents. Neuropharmacology 2012; 65:65-73. [PMID: 23022047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes causes mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons that may contribute to peripheral neuropathy. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes sensory neuron survival and axon regeneration and prevents axonal dwindling, nerve conduction deficits and thermal hypoalgesia in diabetic rats. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CNTF protects sensory neuron function during diabetes through normalization of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. In addition, we investigated whether the NF-κB signal transduction pathway was mobilized by CNTF. Neurite outgrowth of sensory neurons derived from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was reduced compared to neurons from control rats and exposure to CNTF for 24 h enhanced neurite outgrowth. CNTF also activated NF-κB, as assessed by Western blotting for the NF-κB p50 subunit and reporter assays for NF-κB promoter activity. Conversely, blockade of NF-κB signaling using SN50 peptide inhibited CNTF-mediated neurite outgrowth. Studies in mice with STZ-induced diabetes demonstrated that systemic therapy with CNTF prevented functional indices of peripheral neuropathy along with deficiencies in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) NF-κB p50 expression and DNA binding activity. DRG neurons derived from STZ-diabetic mice also exhibited deficiencies in maximal oxygen consumption rate and associated spare respiratory capacity that were corrected by exposure to CNTF for 24 h in an NF-κB-dependent manner. We propose that the ability of CNTF to enhance axon regeneration and protect peripheral nerve from structural and functional indices of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with targeting of mitochondrial function, in part via NF-κB activation, and improvement of cellular bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saleh
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Rezende LF, Santos GJ, Santos-Silva JC, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects non-obese Swiss mice against type 2 diabetes by increasing beta cell mass and reducing insulin clearance. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1495-504. [PMID: 22349107 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) improves metabolic variables of obese animals with characteristics of type 2 diabetes, mainly by reducing insulin resistance. We evaluated whether CNTF was able to improve other metabolic variables in mouse models of type 2 diabetes, such as beta cell mass and insulin clearance, and whether CNTF has any effect on non-obese mice with characteristics of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Neonatal mice were treated with 0.1 mg/kg CNTF or citrate buffer via intraperitoneal injections, before injection of 250 mg/kg alloxan. HEPG2 cells were cultured for 3 days in the presence of citrate buffer, 1 nmol/l CNTF or 50 mmol/l alloxan or a combination of CNTF and alloxan. Twenty-one days after treatment, we determined body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin, NEFA, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, insulin clearance and beta cell mass. Finally, we assessed insulin receptor and protein kinase B phosphorylation in peripheral organs, as well as insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) protein production and alternative splicing in the liver and HEPG2 cells. RESULTS CNTF improved insulin sensitivity and beta cell mass, while reducing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin clearance in Swiss mice, improving glucose handling in a non-obese type 2 diabetes model. This effect was associated with lower IDE production and activity in liver cells. All these effects were observed even at 21 days after CNTF treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CNTF protection against type 2 diabetes is partially independent of the anti-obesity actions of CNTF, requiring a reduction in insulin clearance and increased beta cell mass, besides increased insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, knowledge of the long-term effects of CNTF expands its pharmacological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-865, Brazil.
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Santos GJ, Oliveira CA, Boschero AC, Rezende LF. CNTF protects MIN6 cells against apoptosis induced by Alloxan and IL-1β through downregulation of the AMPK pathway. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1669-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sachithanandan N, Graham KL, Galic S, Honeyman JE, Fynch SL, Hewitt KA, Steinberg GR, Kay TW. Macrophage deletion of SOCS1 increases sensitivity to LPS and palmitic acid and results in systemic inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes 2011; 60:2023-31. [PMID: 21646388 PMCID: PMC3142066 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage secretion of proinflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance. An important regulator of inflammation is the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), which inhibits the JAK-STAT and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathways. Despite the reported role of SOCS1 in inhibiting insulin signaling, it is surprising that a SOCS1 polymorphism that increases SOCS1 promoter activity is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity despite obesity. In the current study, we investigated the physiological role of myeloid and lymphoid cell SOCS1 in regulating inflammation and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used mice generated by crossing SOCS1 floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the LysM-Cre promoter (SOCS1 LysM-Cre). These mice have deletion of SOCS1 in macrophages and lymphocytes. We assessed macrophage inflammation using flow cytometry and serum cytokine levels using Bioplex assays. We then measured insulin sensitivity using glucose tolerance tests and the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, we tested the effects of SOCS1 deletion in regulating responses to the TLR4 ligands: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid. RESULTS SOCS1 LysM-Cre mice had increased macrophage expression of CD11c, enhanced sensitivity to LPS, and palmitic acid and increased serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein. Increased inflammation was associated with impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia as a result of reduced hepatic but not skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The expression of SOCS1 in hematopoietic cells protects mice against systemic inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance potentially by inhibiting LPS and palmitate-induced TLR4 signaling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa Sachithanandan
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L. Graham
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E. Honeyman
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey L. Fynch
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly A. Hewitt
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- McMaster University, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Kostjukova MN, Tupitsyn NN. Functional properties of extracellular domains of transducer receptor gp130. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:394-406. [PMID: 21585315 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791104002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine receptor molecules have been shown to have extracellular domains of complex structure and a multi-step activation system. Glycoprotein gp130 is a typical transducer of cytokine signal; it functions by forming multicomponent receptor complexes and transferring signals of tens of cytokines from the IL-6 family. Structural organization and basic functioning principles of gp130 are well known, as well as related signal pathways, which function during normal differentiation and are involved in pathogenesis of many tumors. The role of gp130 in IL-6-dependent tumors is best studied. In this review, based on extensive accumulated data, we examine the functional significance of certain parts of gp130 extracellular domains. Potentials of a recently developed method for estimation of receptor activation at the level of epitope structure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Kostjukova
- Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Steinberg GR, O'Neill HM, Dzamko NL, Galic S, Naim T, Koopman R, Jørgensen SB, Honeyman J, Hewitt K, Chen ZP, Schertzer JD, Scott JW, Koentgen F, Lynch GS, Watt MJ, van Denderen BJW, Campbell DJ, Kemp BE. Whole body deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase {beta}2 reduces muscle AMPK activity and exercise capacity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37198-209. [PMID: 20855892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) β subunits (β1 and β2) provide scaffolds for binding α and γ subunits and contain a carbohydrate-binding module important for regulating enzyme activity. We generated C57Bl/6 mice with germline deletion of AMPK β2 (β2 KO) and examined AMPK expression and activity, exercise capacity, metabolic control during muscle contractions, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) sensitivity, and susceptibility to obesity-induced insulin resistance. We find that β2 KO mice are viable and breed normally. β2 KO mice had a reduction in skeletal muscle AMPK α1 and α2 expression despite up-regulation of the β1 isoform. Heart AMPK α2 expression was also reduced but this did not affect resting AMPK α1 or α2 activities. AMPK α1 and α2 activities were not changed in liver, fat, or hypothalamus. AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake but not fatty acid oxidation was impaired in β2 KO mice. During treadmill running β2 KO mice had reduced maximal and endurance exercise capacity, which was associated with lower muscle and heart AMPK activity and reduced levels of muscle and liver glycogen. Reductions in exercise capacity of β2 KO mice were not due to lower muscle mitochondrial content or defects in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake or fatty acid oxidation. When challenged with a high-fat diet β2 KO mice gained more weight and were more susceptible to the development of hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. In summary these data show that deletion of AMPK β2 reduces AMPK activity in skeletal muscle resulting in impaired exercise capacity and the worsening of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Galic S, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:129-39. [PMID: 19723556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1096] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by increased storage of fatty acids in an expanded adipose tissue mass and is closely associated with the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and the liver. In addition to being the largest source of fuel in the body, adipose tissue and resident macrophages are also the source of a number of secreted proteins. Cloning of the obese gene and the identification of its product, leptin, was one of the first discoveries of an adipocyte-derived signaling molecule and established an important role for adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Since then, leptin has been found to have a profound role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism by stimulating energy expenditure, inhibiting food intake and restoring euglycemia, however, in most cases of obesity leptin resistance limits its biological efficacy. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin secretion is often diminished in obesity. Adiponectin acts to increase insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, as well as energy expenditure and reduces the production of glucose by the liver. Resistin and retinol binding protein-4 are less well described. Their expression levels are positively correlated with adiposity and they are both implicated in the development of insulin resistance. More recently it has been acknowledged that macrophages are an important part of the secretory function of adipose tissue and the main source of inflammatory cyokines, such as TNFalpha and IL-6. An increase in circulating levels of these macrophage-derived factors in obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that has been linked to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. These proteins commonly known as adipokines are central to the dynamic control of energy metabolism, communicating the nutrient status of the organism with the tissues responsible for controlling both energy intake and expenditure as well as insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Beck Jørgensen S, O'Neill HM, Hewitt K, Kemp BE, Steinberg GR. Reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activity in mouse skeletal muscle does not exacerbate the development of insulin resistance with obesity. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2395-404. [PMID: 19688337 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with accumulation of bioactive lipids in skeletal muscle. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates lipid oxidation in muscle by inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC2) and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. We investigated whether reduced levels of muscle AMPK promote lipid accumulation and insulin resistance during high-fat feeding. METHODS Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice and transgenic littermates overexpressing an alpha2AMPK kinase-dead (KD) in muscle were fed control or high-fat diet. Whole-body glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and by measuring fasting and fed serum insulin and glucose. Insulin action in muscle was determined by measuring 2-deoxy-[(3)H]glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation in incubated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Muscle triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and ceramide content was measured by thin-layer chromatography. Mitochondrial proteins were measured by immunoblotting. RESULTS KD mice had reduced skeletal muscle alpha2AMPK activity (50% in gastrocnemius and >80% in soleus and extensor digitorum longus) and ACC2 Ser228 phosphorylation (90% in gastrocnemius). High-fat feeding increased body mass and adiposity, and impaired insulin and glucose tolerance; however, there were no differences between wild-type and KD littermates. High-fat feeding impaired insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and Akt-phosphorylation, while increasing muscle triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol (p = 0.07) and ceramide, but these effects were not exacerbated in KD mice. In response to high-fat feeding, mitochondrial proteins were increased to similar levels in wild-type and KD muscles. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Obesity-induced lipid accumulation and insulin resistance were not exacerbated in AMPK KD mice, suggesting that reduced levels of muscle alpha2AMPK do not promote insulin resistance in the early phase of obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beck Jørgensen
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:i-x. [PMID: 19790194 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jørgensen SB, Honeyman J, Oakhill JS, Fazakerley D, Stöckli J, Kemp BE, Steinberg GR. Oligomeric resistin impairs insulin and AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle by inhibiting GLUT4 translocation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E57-66. [PMID: 19435854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90744.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hormone resistin is elevated in obesity and impairs glucose homeostasis. Here, we examined the effect of oligomerized human resistin on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and myotubes. This was investigated by incubating mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and L6 myotubes with physiological concentrations of resistin and assessing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, cellular signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) mRNA, and GLUT4 translocation. We found that resistin at a concentration of 30 ng/ml decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 30-40% in soleus muscle and myotubes, whereas in EDL muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was impaired at a resistin concentration of 100 ng/ml. Impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was not associated with reduced Akt phosphorylation or IRS-1 protein or increased SOCS-3 mRNA expression. To further investigate the site(s) at which resistin impairs glucose uptake we treated myotubes and skeletal muscle with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and found that, although resistin did not impair AMPK activation, it reduced AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake. These data suggested that resistin impairs glucose uptake at a point common to insulin and AMPK signaling pathways, and we thus measured AS160/TBC1D4 Thr(642) phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation in myotubes. Resistin did not impair TBC1D4 phosphorylation but did reduce both insulin and AICAR-stimulated GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation. We conclude that resistin impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by mechanisms involving reduced plasma membrane GLUT4 translocation but independent of the proximal insulin-signaling cascade, AMPK, and SOCS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Beck Jørgensen
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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