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Li S, Wang K, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Zhong M, Hu S, Zhang Y. Application and trend of bioluminescence imaging in metabolic syndrome research. Front Chem 2023; 10:1113546. [PMID: 36700071 PMCID: PMC9868317 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a non-invasive technology used to visualize physiological processes in animals and is useful for studying the dynamics of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a broad spectrum of diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence, and is closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and circadian rhythm disorder. To better serve metabolic syndrome research, researchers have established a variety of animal models expressing luciferase, while also committing to finding more suitable luciferase promoters and developing more efficient luciferase-luciferin systems. In this review, we systematically summarize the applications of different models for bioluminescence imaging in the study of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yugang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
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2
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Ding Z, Cheng R, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Ge W, Sun X, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. The succinoglycan riclin restores beta cell function through the regulation of macrophages on Th1 and Th2 differentiation in type 1 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11611-11624. [PMID: 34714317 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial succinoglycan is found suitable as a viscosifying and emulsifying agent in the food industry. Riclin is a de-succinyl succinoglycan from an Agrobacterium isolate. Our previous study has revealed that riclin exerts special anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to determine the effects of riclin on preventing against immunological injury of beta cells in a type 1 diabetic model. We found that orally riclin effectively restores beta-cell function and improves the complications of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Riclin also reduces STZ-induced liver and kidney damage, and balances the inappropriate ratio of T helper type 1 cell (Th1)/type 2 cell (Th2) in the spleen and pancreatic draining lymph nodes of the STZ-induced diabetic mice. In a co-culture system with the islet β cell MIN6 and macrophage RAW 264.7, riclin reduces the levels of IFN-γ and IL-1β, protecting against STZ-caused MIN6 cell injury. We identified that riclin specifically binds to the membrane of macrophages and regulates the ratio of IL-10 and IL-12, thereby inhibiting the macrophage-mediated polarization of Th1 cells and promoting the differentiation of Th2 cells, which depends on the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) receptor. Moreover, orally riclin significantly decreases the incidence of STZ-induced hyperglycemia (7.1% in riclin vs. 92.9% in STZ), and prevents autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, with 87.5% of mice free of diabetes compared to 46.6% of the control mice. These results suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to prevent and improve autoimmune diabetes and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Xiaqing Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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3
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de Mello NP, Orellana AM, Mazucanti CH, de Morais Lima G, Scavone C, Kawamoto EM. Insulin and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:491. [PMID: 31231176 PMCID: PMC6558407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk in the pathophysiological processes underpinning metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders have been the subject of extensive investigation, in which insulin signaling and autophagy impairment demonstrate to be a common factor in both conditions. Although it is still somewhat conflicting, pharmacological and genetic strategies that regulate these pathways may be a promising approach for aggregate protein clearancing and consequently the delaying of onset or progression of the disease. However, as the response due to this modulation seems to be time-dependent, finding the right regulation of autophagy may be a potential target for drug development for neurodegenerative diseases. In this way, this review focuses on the role of insulin signaling/resistance and autophagy in some neurodegenerative diseases, discussing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Prudente de Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanni de Morais Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu SH, Hong Y, Markowiak S, Sanchez R, Creeden J, Nemunaitis J, Kalinoski A, Willey J, Erhardt P, Lee J, van Dam M, Brunicardi FC. BIRC5 is a target for molecular imaging and detection of human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:10-19. [PMID: 31059751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer mortality with a dismal overall survival rate and an urgent need for detection of minute tumors. Current diagnostic modalities have high sensitivity and specificity for larger tumors, but not for minute PDAC. In this study, we test the feasibility of a precision diagnostic platform for detecting and localizing minute human PDAC in mice. This platform includes: 1) defining BIRC5 as an early PDAC-upregulated gene and utilizing an enhanced BIRC5 super-promoter to drive expression of dual Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and sr39 thymidine kinase (sr39TK) reporter genes exponentially and specifically in PDAC; 2) utilizing a genetically-engineered AAV2RGD to ensure targeted delivery of GLuc and sr39TK specifically to PDAC; 3) using serologic GLuc and sr39TK microPET/CT imaging to detect and localize minute human PDAC in mice. The study demonstrates feasibility of a precision diagnostic platform using an integrated technology through a multiple-stage amplification strategy of dual reporter genes to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of detection and localization of minute PDAC tumors and currently undetectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-He Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Yeahwa Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Stephen Markowiak
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Robbi Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Justin Creeden
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Andrea Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - James Willey
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Paul Erhardt
- Department of Pharmacology-Medicinal/Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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5
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Yong J, Tian J, Dang H, Wu TT, Atkinson MA, Sun R, Kaufman DL. Increased risk for T cell autoreactivity to ß-cell antigens in the mice expressing the A vy obesity-associated gene. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4269. [PMID: 30862859 PMCID: PMC6414670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable debate as to whether obesity can act as an accelerator of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We assessed this possibility using transgenic mice (MIP-TF mice) whose ß-cells express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Infecting these mice with EGFP-expressing murine herpes virus-68 (MHV68-EGFP) caused occasional transient elevation in their blood glucose, peri-insulitis, and Th1 responses to EGFP which did not spread to other ß-cell antigens. We hypothesized that obesity-related systemic inflammation and ß-cell stress could exacerbate the MHV68-EGFP-induced ß-cell autoreactivity. We crossed MIP-TF mice with Avy mice which develop obesity and provide models of metabolic disease alongside early stage T2D. Unlike their MIP-TF littermates, MHV68-EGFP-infected Avy/MIP-TF mice developed moderate intra-insulitis and transient hyperglycemia. MHV68-EGFP infection induced a more pronounced intra-insulitis in older, more obese, Avy/MIP-TF mice. Moreover, in MHV68-EGFP-infected Avy/MIP-TF mice, Th1 reactivity spread from EGFP to other ß-cell antigens. Thus, the spreading of autoreactivity among ß-cell antigens corresponded with the transition from peri-insulitis to intra-insulitis and occurred in obese Avy/MIP-TF mice but not lean MIP-TF mice. These observations are consistent with the notion that obesity-associated systemic inflammation and ß-cell stress lowers the threshold necessary for T cell autoreactivity to spread from EGFP to other ß-cell autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States.,Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States
| | - Hoa Dang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology and Paediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States
| | - Daniel L Kaufman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, United States.
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6
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
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7
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Doyle ME, Fiori JL, Gonzalez Mariscal I, Liu QR, Goodstein E, Yang H, Shin YK, Santa-Cruz Calvo S, Indig FE, Egan JM. Insulin Is Transcribed and Translated in Mammalian Taste Bud Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3331-3339. [PMID: 30060183 PMCID: PMC6112595 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We and others have reported that taste cells in taste buds express many peptides in common with cells in the gut and islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Islets and taste bud cells express the hormones glucagon and ghrelin, the same ATP-sensitive potassium channel responsible for depolarizing the insulin-secreting β cell during glucose-induced insulin secretion, as well as the propeptide-processing enzymes PC1/3 and PC2. Given the common expression of functionally specific proteins in taste buds and islets, it is surprising that no one has investigated whether insulin is synthesized in taste bud cells. Using immunofluorescence, we demonstrated the presence of insulin in mouse, rat, and human taste bud cells. By detecting the postprocessing insulin molecule C-peptide and green fluorescence protein (GFP) in taste cells of both insulin 1-GFP and insulin 2-GFP mice and the presence of the mouse insulin transcript by in situ hybridization, we further proved that insulin is synthesized in individual taste buds and not taken up from the parenchyma. In addition to our cytology data, we measured the level of insulin transcript by quantitative RT-PCR in the anterior and posterior lingual epithelia. These analyses showed that insulin is translated in the circumvallate and foliate papillae in the posterior, but only insulin transcript was detected in the anterior fungiform papillae of the rodent tongue. Thus, some taste cells are insulin-synthesizing cells generated from a continually replenished source of precursor cells in the adult mammalian lingual epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Fiori
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel Gonzalez Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin Goodstein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyekyung Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fred E Indig
- The Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation/Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Josephine M. Egan, MD, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224. E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
Endocrine organs secrete a variety of hormones involved in the regulation of a multitude of body functions. Although pancreatic islets were discovered at the turn of the 19th century, other endocrine glands remained commonly described as diffuse endocrine systems. Over the last two decades, development of new imaging techniques and genetically-modified animals with cell-specific fluorescent tags or specific hormone deficiencies have enabled in vivo imaging of endocrine organs and revealed intricate endocrine cell network structures and plasticity. Overall, these new tools have revolutionized our understanding of endocrine function. The overarching aim of this Review is to describe the current mechanistic understanding that has emerged from imaging studies of endocrine cell network structure/function relationships in animal models, with a particular emphasis on the pituitary gland and the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Mollard
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Schaeffer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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9
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Gao F, He X, Liang S, Liu S, Liu H, He Q, Chen L, Jiang H, Zhang Y. Quercetin ameliorates podocyte injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in DN rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35413-35421. [PMID: 35547920 PMCID: PMC9087986 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to demonstrate that quercetin ameliorates podocyte injury via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Gao
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xin He
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hua Liu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Quan He
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lei Chen
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Nephrology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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10
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Luca G, Arato I, Mancuso F, Calvitti M, Falabella G, Murdolo G, Basta G, Cameron DF, Hansen BC, Fallarino F, Baroni T, Aglietti MC, Tortoioli C, Bodo M, Calafiore R. Xenograft of microencapsulated Sertoli cells restores glucose homeostasis in db/db mice with spontaneous diabetes mellitus. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:429-439. [PMID: 27678013 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased abdominal fat and chronic inflammation in the expanded adipose tissue of obesity contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The emerging immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Sertoli cells have prompted their application to experimental models of autoimmune/inflammatory disorders, including diabetes. The main goal of this work was to verify whether transplantation of microencapsulated prepubertal porcine Sertoli cells (MC-SC) in the subcutaneous abdominal fat depot of spontaneously diabetic and obese db/db mice (homozygous for the diabetes spontaneous mutation [Leprdb ]) would: (i) improve glucose homeostasis and (ii) modulate local and systemic immune response and adipokines profiles. METHODS Porcine prepubertal Sertoli cells were isolated, according to previously established methods and enveloped in Barium alginate microcapsules by a mono air-jet device. MC-SC were then injected in the subcutaneous abdominal fat depot of db/db mice. RESULTS We have preliminarily shown that graft of MC-SC restored glucose homeostasis, with normalization of glycated hemoglobin values with improvement of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in 60% of the treated animals. These results were associated with consistent increase, in the adipose tissue, of uncoupling protein 1 expression, regulatory B cells, anti-inflammatory macrophages and a concomitant decrease of proinflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, the treated animals showed a reduction in inducible NOS and proinflammatory molecules and a significant increase in an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 along with concomitant rise of circulating adiponectin levels. The anti-hyperglycemic graft effects also emerged from an increased expression of GLUT-4, in conjunction with downregulation of GLUT-2, in skeletal muscle and liver, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Preliminarily, xenograft of MC-SC holds promises for an effective cell therapy approach for treatment of experimental T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Falabella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, Assisi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basta
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Don F Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara C Hansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Tiziano Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Bodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Longitudinal imaging of the ageing mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:93-116. [PMID: 27530773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several non-invasive imaging techniques are used to investigate the effect of pathologies and treatments over time in mouse models. Each preclinical in vivo technique provides longitudinal and quantitative measurements of changes in tissues and organs, which are fundamental for the evaluation of alterations in phenotype due to pathologies, interventions and treatments. However, it is still unclear how these imaging modalities can be used to study ageing with mice models. Almost all age related pathologies in mice such as osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, thrombi, dementia, to name a few, can be imaged in vivo by at least one longitudinal imaging modality. These measurements are the basis for quantification of treatment effects in the development phase of a novel treatment prior to its clinical testing. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of such investigations allows the assessment of different tissue and organ phenotypes in the same animal and over time, providing the opportunity to study the dysfunction of multiple tissues associated with the ageing process. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of the most commonly used in vivo imaging modalities used in mouse studies: micro-computed-tomography, preclinical magnetic-resonance-imaging, preclinical positron-emission-tomography, preclinical single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, and whole body optical imaging.
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Abbas A, Beamish C, McGirr R, Demarco J, Cockburn N, Krokowski D, Lee TY, Kovacs M, Hatzoglou M, Dhanvantari S. Characterization of 5-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan for PET imaging of the pancreas. F1000Res 2016; 5:1851. [PMID: 27909574 PMCID: PMC5112576 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9129.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In diabetes, pancreatic beta cell mass declines significantly prior to onset of fasting hyperglycemia. This decline may be due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the system L amino acid transporter LAT1 may be a biomarker of this process. In this study, we used 5-(2-
18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan (
18F-L-FEHTP) to target LAT1 as a potential biomarker of beta cell function in diabetes. Procedures: Uptake of
18F-L-FEHTP was determined in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by
ex vivo biodistribution. Both dynamic and static positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired in wild-type and Akita mice, a model of ER stress-induced diabetes, as well as in mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ). LAT1 expression in both groups of mice was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Uptake of
18F-L-FEHTP was highest in the pancreas, and static PET images showed highly specific pancreatic signal. Time-activity curves showed significantly reduced
18F-L-FEHTP uptake in Akita mice, and LAT1 expression was also reduced. However, mice treated with STZ, in which beta cell mass was reduced by 62%, showed no differences in
18F-L-FEHTP uptake in the pancreas, and there was no significant correlation of
18F-L-FEHTP uptake with beta cell mass. Conclusions: 18F-L-FEHTP is highly specific for the pancreas with little background uptake in kidney or liver. We were able to detect changes in LAT1 in a mouse model of diabetes, but these changes did not correlate with beta cell function or mass. Therefore,
18F-L-FEHTP PET is not a suitable method for the noninvasive imaging of changes in beta cell function during the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abbas
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christine Beamish
- Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - John Demarco
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Neil Cockburn
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Michael Kovacs
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada; Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Abbas A, Beamish C, McGirr R, Demarco J, Cockburn N, Krokowski D, Lee TY, Kovacs M, Hatzoglou M, Dhanvantari S. Characterization of 5-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan for PET imaging of the pancreas. F1000Res 2016; 5:1851. [PMID: 27909574 PMCID: PMC5112576 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9129.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In diabetes, pancreatic beta cell mass declines significantly prior to onset of fasting hyperglycemia. This decline may be due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the system L amino acid transporter LAT1 may be a biomarker of this process. In this study, we used 5-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)-L-tryptophan ( 18F-L-FEHTP) to target LAT1 as a potential biomarker of beta cell function in diabetes. Procedures: Uptake of 18F-L-FEHTP was determined in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by ex vivo biodistribution. Both dynamic and static positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired in wild-type and Akita mice, a model of ER stress-induced diabetes, as well as in mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ). LAT1 expression in both groups of mice was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Uptake of 18F-L-FEHTP was highest in the pancreas, and static PET images showed highly specific pancreatic signal. Time-activity curves showed significantly reduced 18F-L-FEHTP uptake in Akita mice, and LAT1 expression was also reduced. However, mice treated with STZ, in which beta cell mass was reduced by 62%, showed no differences in 18F-L-FEHTP uptake in the pancreas, and there was no significant correlation of 18F-L-FEHTP uptake with beta cell mass. Conclusions:18F-L-FEHTP is highly specific for the pancreas with little background uptake in kidney or liver. We were able to detect changes in LAT1 in a mouse model of diabetes, but these changes did not correlate with beta cell function or mass. Therefore, 18F-L-FEHTP PET is not a suitable method for the noninvasive imaging of changes in beta cell function during the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abbas
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christine Beamish
- Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - John Demarco
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Neil Cockburn
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Michael Kovacs
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Metabolism and Diabetes Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Liu ZH, Xie Y, Tang J, Liu CF. Distribution of pancreatic B cell imaging agent (99m)Tc-DTPA-NGN2 in the body and animal experimental research on pancreatic B cell functional imaging. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1857-1863. [PMID: 27186309 PMCID: PMC4859914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of the application of (99m)Tc-DTPA-Nateglinide as a nuclear medicine imaging agent for evaluating pancreatic B cell function. METHODS (1) Distribution of the experiment: Forty-two mice were selected and divided into seven groups. Each mice was injected with 3.7 MBq (100 μCi) of (99m)Tc-DTPA-NGN2 from the vena caudalis and was sacrificed by bloodletting at five minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, four hours and six hours, respectively. Then, their tissues and organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, brain, kidneys, bones, small bowels, stomach and pancreas,and blood were collected, weighted, and their radioactivity was tested. Subsequently, the percentage injection dose rate (%ID/g) per gram of tissue was calculated. (2) Imaging experiment: Thirty-five mice were selected and divided into seven groups. Each was injected with 18.5 MBq (100 μCi) of (99m)Tc-DTPA-NGN2 from the vena caudalis and imaging were conducted at the same time as above. (3) Forty-eight Wistar rats were attained and randomly divided into four groups. The first group served as the healthy control group, while the second, third and fourth groups were diabetic model groups induced by intraperitoneally injecting STZ at different doses. Each group was injected with (99m)Tc-DTPA-Nateglinide from the vena caudalis, and radiological evaluations were conducted at 30 minutes, one hour, 1.5 hours and two hours, respectively. The data obtained were estimated using a correlation comparison with the levels of insulin and immunohistochemical count of beta cells. RESULTS The (99m)Tc-DTPA-Nateglinide demonstrated good imaging in the pancreases of mice and rats, and was positively correlated to the level of insulin and the number of pancreatic beta cells. CONCLUSION Pancreatic beta cell imaging using (99m)Tc-DTPA-Nateglinide may be a method to evaluate pancreatic beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Nurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lin Z, Zhao Y, Song L, Mu K, Zhang M, Liu H, Li X, Zhao J, Wang C, Jia W. Deletion of β-Arrestin2 in Mice Limited Pancreatic β-Cell Expansion under Metabolic Stress through Activation of the JNK Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:74-84. [PMID: 26954469 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestin2 (βarr2) is an adaptor protein that interacts with numerous signaling molecules and regulates insulin sensitivity. We reported previously that βarr2 was abundantly expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells, and loss of βarr2 leads to impairment of acute- and late-phase insulin secretion. In the present study, we examined the dynamic changes of β-cell mass in βarr2-deficient (βarr2-/-) mice in vivo and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. βarr2-/- mice with exclusively luciferase overexpression in β-cells were generated and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). β-Cell mass was determined by in vivo noninvasive bioluminescence imaging from 4 to 20 wks of age. Proliferation was measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting were conducted for gene and protein expression. We found that β-cell mass was reduced dramatically in βarr2-/- mice at 12 wks old compared with that of their respective HFD-fed controls. The percentage of BrdU- and Ki67-positive cells reduced in islets from βarr2-/- mice. Exposure of βarr2-/- islets to high levels of glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) exacerbated cell death, which was associated with upregulation of the JNK pathway in these islets. Conversely, overexpression of βarr2 amplified β-cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in cyclinD2 expression and a decrease in p21 expression and protected β-cells from glucose- and FFA-induced cell death through JNK-activation inhibition. In conclusion, βarr2 plays roles in regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass through the modulation of cell cycle regulatory genes and the inhibition of JNK activation induced by glucolipotoxity, which implicates a role for βarr2 in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang T, He J, Qiao Y, Wei J, Dong J. Psychosocial Predictors and Outcomes of Delayed Breast Reconstruction in Mastectomized Women in Mainland China: An Observational Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144410. [PMID: 26641252 PMCID: PMC4671805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential psychosocial factors that impact Chinese female breast cancer patients to select breast reconstruction (BR), and potential connection of psychosocial outcomes with their satisfaction with BR. Methods A total of 264 female breast cancer patients with mastectomy were recruited from 2012 to 2014. All patients were informed with BR options at their first visit. Personal and medical profiles were collected. Body image, self-esteem, depression and anxiety were assessed using validated scales. Patients who were selected to undergo BR after the first visit were followed up for six months. The same assessment was performed at 6 months post BR, and their satisfaction with BR was evaluated using the Alderman scale. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed. Results Forty-seven percent of the patients (126/264) opted to undergo BR within six months after the initial visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that self-esteem (P < 0.05), body image (P < 0.01), education level (P < 0.05), and their husband’s recommendation (P < 0.05) were highly related to the patients’ decision to undergo BR. In addition, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that patient satisfaction with BR was significantly associated with preoperative body image (P < 0.01), postoperative improvement in self-esteem (P < 0.01), improvement in body image (P < 0.01), reduction in depression (P < 0.05), pain (P < 0.05), and scarring (P < 0.01). Conclusions The psychosocial factors including self-esteem and body image are highly related to selecting the BR option and post-BR satisfaction in Chinese female breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinguang He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Qiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Buras ED, Yang L, Saha P, Kim J, Mehta P, Yang Y, Hilsenbeck S, Kojima H, Chen W, Smith CW, Chan L. Proinsulin-producing, hyperglycemia-induced adipose tissue macrophages underlie insulin resistance in high fat-fed diabetic mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:3537-48. [PMID: 25953849 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of obese type 2 diabetes. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has been shown to lead to ATM accumulation in rodents; however, the impact of hyperglycemia on ATM dynamics in HFD-fed type 2 diabetic models has not been studied. We previously showed that hyperglycemia induces the appearance of proinsulin (PI)-producing proinflammatory bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (PI-BMDCs) in rodents. We fed a 60% HFD to C57BL6/J mice to produce an obese type 2 diabetes model. Absent in chow-fed animals, PI-BMDCs account for 60% of the ATMs in the type 2 diabetic mice. The PI-ATM subset expresses TNF-α and other inflammatory markers, and is highly enriched within crownlike structures (CLSs). We found that amelioration of hyperglycemia by different hypoglycemic agents forestalled PI-producing ATM accumulation and adipose inflammation in these animals. We developed a diphtheria toxin receptor-based strategy to selectively ablate PI-BMDCs among ATMs. Application of the maneuver in HFD-fed type 2 diabetic mice was found to lead to near total disappearance of complex CLSs and reversal of insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in these animals. In sum, we have identified a novel ATM subset in type 2 diabetic rodents that underlies systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dale Buras
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Lina Yang
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Pradip Saha
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jongoh Kim
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Pooja Mehta
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yisheng Yang
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susan Hilsenbeck
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wenhao Chen
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - C Wayne Smith
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Lawrence Chan
- *Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Ciciotte SL, Lessard M, Akeson EC, Cameron E, Stearns TM, Denegre JM, Ruberte J, Svenson KL. 3-Dimensional histological reconstruction and imaging of the murine pancreas. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:539-48. [PMID: 24838824 PMCID: PMC4164858 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of important disease-driving tissues in their native morphological state, such as the pancreas, given its importance in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, provides critical insight into the etiology and progression of disease and our understanding of how cellular changes impact disease severity. Numerous challenges to maintaining tissue morphology exist when one attempts to preserve or to recreate such tissues for histological evaluation. We have overcome many of these challenges and have developed new methods for visualizing the whole murine pancreas and single islets of Langerhans in an effort to gain a better understanding of how islet cell volume, spatial distribution, and vascularization are altered as diabetes progresses. These methods are readily adaptable without requirement for costly specialized equipment, such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, or computed tomography, and can be used to provide additional robust analysis of diabetes susceptibility in mouse models of Type 1 and Type II diabetes.
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19
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Habte F, Ren G, Doyle TC, Liu H, Cheng Z, Paik DS. Impact of a multiple mice holder on quantitation of high-throughput MicroPET imaging with and without Ct attenuation correction. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:569-75. [PMID: 23479323 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of scanning multiple mice simultaneously on image quantitation, relative to single mouse scans on both a micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) scanner (which utilizes CT-based attenuation correction to the PET reconstruction) and a dedicated microPET scanner using an inexpensive mouse holder "hotel." METHODS We developed a simple mouse holder made from common laboratory items that allows scanning multiple mice simultaneously. It is also compatible with different imaging modalities to allow multiple mice and multi-modality imaging. For this study, we used a radiotracer ((64)Cu-GB170) with a relatively long half-life (12.7 h), selected to allow scanning at times after tracer uptake reaches steady state. This also reduces the effect of decay between sequential imaging studies, although the standard decay corrections were performed. The imaging was also performed using a common tracer, 2-deoxy-2-[(18) F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), although the faster decay and faster pharmacokinetics of FDG may introduce greater biological variations due to differences in injection-to-scan timing. We first scanned cylindrical mouse phantoms (50 ml tubes) both in a groups of four at a time (multiple mice mode) and then individually (single mouse mode), using microPET/CT and microPET scanners to validate the process. Then, we imaged a first set of four mice with subcutaneous tumors (C2C12Ras) in both single- and multiple-mice imaging modes. Later, a second set of four normal mice were injected with FDG and scanned 1 h post-injection. Immediately after completion of the scans, ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed on all animals to provide a "gold-standard" to compare quantitative values obtained from PET. A semi-automatic threshold-based region of interest tool was used to minimize operator variability during image analysis. RESULTS Phantom studies showed less than 4.5 % relative error difference between the single- and multiple-mice imaging modes of PET imaging with CT-based attenuation correction and 18.4 % without CT-based attenuation correction. In vivo animal studies (n = 4) showed <5 % (for (64)Cu, p > 0.686) and <15 % (for FDG, p > 0.4 except for brain image data p = 0.029) relative mean difference with respect to percent injected dose per gram (%ID/gram) between the single- and multiple-mice microPET imaging mode when CT-based attenuation correction is performed. Without CT-based attenuation correction, we observed relative mean differences of about 11 % for (64)Cu and 15 % for FDG. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed the potential use of a microPET/CT scanner for multiple mice simultaneous imaging without significant sacrifice in quantitative accuracy as well as in image quality. Thus, the use of the mouse "hotel" is an aid to increasing instrument throughput on small animal scanners with minimal loss of quantitative accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frezghi Habte
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford, CA, USA,
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20
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Nishimura W, Eto K, Miki A, Goto M, Kawaguchi M, Nammo T, Udagawa H, Hiramoto M, Shimizu Y, Okamura T, Fujiwara T, Yasuda Y, Yasuda K. Quantitative assessment of Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo using a secreted luciferase reporter system. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4388-95. [PMID: 24029239 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The luciferase reporter system is useful for the assessment of various biological processes in vivo. The transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is critical for the formation and the function of pancreatic β-cells. A novel reporter system using secreted Gaussia princeps luciferase (GLuc) under the control of a Pdx1 promoter was generated and activated in rat and mouse β-cell lines. This Pdx1-GLuc construct was used as a transgene for the generation of reporter mice to monitor Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo via the measurement of secreted GLuc activity in a small aliquot of blood. Significantly increased plasma GLuc activity was observed in Pdx1-GLuc mice. Analysis of Pdx1-GLuc mice by bioluminescence imaging, GLuc reporter assays using homogenates of various organs, and immunohistochemistry revealed that GLuc expression and activity were exponentially higher in pancreatic β-cells than in pancreatic non-β-cells, the duodenum, and other organs. In addition, GLuc activity secreted into the culture medium from islets isolated from Pdx1-GLuc mice correlated with the number of islets. The transplantation of Pdx1-GLuc islets into severe combined immunodeficiency mice elevated their plasma GLuc activity. Conversely, a partial pancreatectomy in Pdx1-GLuc mice reduced plasma GLuc activity. These results suggest that a secreted luciferase reporter system in vivo enables not only the monitoring of promoter activity but also a quantitative and minimally invasive assessment of physiological and pathological changes in small cell masses, such as pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nishimura
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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21
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Ruan CT, Lam SH, Lee SS, Su MJ. Hypoglycemic action of borapetoside A from the plant Tinospora crispa in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:667-675. [PMID: 23523259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study explores the hypoglycemic effects of borapetoside A, the most active principle among three major diterpenoids (borapetosides A, B, and C) isolated from ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa vines. METHODS We employed mouse mitogenic C2C12 and hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in this study. Furthermore, the mice were divided into three groups, including streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus, diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus, and normal control. The mice in each group were treated with assigned vehicle control, borapetoside A, or other active agents. RESULTS Borapetoside A was shown to increase the glycogen content and decrease the plasma glucose concentration in a concentration or dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. The hypoglycemic effects in the normal mice and the mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus were associated with the increases of the plasma insulin levels; whereas, the insulin levels remained unchanged in the mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Borapetoside A not only attenuated the elevation of plasma glucose induced by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, but also increased the glycogen synthesis of IL-6 treated C2C12 cells. Moreover, the elevated protein expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were reversed after borapetoside A treatment twice a day for 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The hypoglycemic effects of borapetoside A were mediated through both the insulin-dependent and the insulin-independent pathways. Furthermore, borapetoside A was shown to increase the glucose utilization in peripheral tissues, to reduce the hepatic gluconeogenesis, and to activate the insulin signaling pathway; they thereby contributed to the lowering of the plasma glucose. Comparison of the structures of three borapetosides suggests clearly that the C-8 stereochemistry plays a key role in hypoglycemic effect since the active borapetoside A and C possess 8R-chirality but the inactive borapetoside B possess 8S-chirality. The location of glycoside at C-3 for borapetoside A but C-6 for borapetoside C and the formation of lactone between C-4 and C-6 for borapetoside A, could account for the different potency in hypoglycemic action for these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tun Ruan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Yao J, Zhi M, Gao X, Hu P, Li C, Yang X. Effect and the probable mechanisms of silibinin in regulating insulin resistance in the liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:270-7. [PMID: 23532271 PMCID: PMC3854368 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that reduced insulin resistance (IR) was one of the
possible mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of silibinin on non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. In the present study, we investigated the
pathways of silibinin in regulating hepatic glucose production and IR
amelioration. Forty-five 4- to 6-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided
into a control group, an HFD group (high-fat diet for 6 weeks) and an HFD +
silibinin group (high-fat diet + 0.5 mg kg-1·day-1
silibinin, starting at the beginning of the protocol). Both subcutaneous and
visceral fat was measured. Homeostasis model assessment-IR index (HOMA-IR),
intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were
performed. The expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and of genes
associated with hepatic gluconeogenesis was evaluated. Silibinin intervention
significantly protected liver function, down-regulated serum fat, and improved
IR, as shown by decreased HOMA-IR and increased ITT slope. Silibinin markedly
prevented visceral obesity by reducing visceral fat, enhanced lipolysis by
up-regulating ATGL expression and inhibited gluconeogenesis by down-regulating
associated genes such as Forkhead box O1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and
glucose-6-phosphatase. Silibinin was effective in ameliorating IR in NAFLD rats.
Reduction of visceral obesity, enhancement of lipolysis and inhibition of
gluconeogenesis might be the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Visualizing the location and the dynamics of gene expression in living animals through bioluminescence imaging. Methods Cell Biol 2013. [PMID: 23317896 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407239-8.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging allows for real-time assessment of gene expression in vivo in models where luciferase expression is controlled by promoter elements of gene of interest. It provides a sensitive means of recording temporal and spatial resolution of gene expression. In this Chapter, protocols for the use of the bioluminescence imaging system in localizing and semi-quantitatively measuring gene expression in mice are discussed.
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24
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Antkowiak PF, Stevens BK, Nunemaker CS, McDuffie M, Epstein FH. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging detects declining pancreatic β-cell mass in a cyclophosphamide-accelerated mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:44-8. [PMID: 22933107 PMCID: PMC3526033 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no ideal noninvasive method to quantify the progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) that occurs in type 1 diabetes. Magnetic resonance imaging has detected gross differences in BCM between healthy and diabetic mice using the contrast agent manganese, which labels functional β-cells and increases the water proton relaxation rate (R1), but its ability to measure gradations in BCM during disease progression is unknown. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that measurements of the manganese-enhanced pancreatic R1 could detect decreasing BCM in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. We used cyclophosphamide-accelerated BDC2.5 T-cell receptor transgenic nonobese diabetic mice, which experience development of type 1 diabetes during a 7-day time period after cyclophosphamide injection, whereas transgene-negative mice do not. We measured the manganese-enhanced pancreatic R1 before cyclophosphamide injection (day 0) and on days 3, 4, 5, and 7 afterward. Pancreatic R1 remained constant in transgene-negative mice and decreased stepwise day-to-day in transgene-positive mice, mirroring their loss of BCM, confirmed by pancreatic insulin measurements and histology. Changes in R1 in transgene-positive mice occurred before elevations in blood glucose, a clinical indicator of diabetes, suggesting potential for early noninvasive detection of changes in functional BCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Antkowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brian K. Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig S. Nunemaker
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marcia McDuffie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Corresponding author: Frederick H. Epstein,
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25
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Kiessling FM. Science to practice: are theranostic agents with encapsulated cells the key for diabetes therapy? Radiology 2012; 260:613-5. [PMID: 21846756 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of beta cells could be an effective therapy for diabetes, with much better stabilization of blood glucose levels than can be achieved with insulin injection. However, the therapeutic effect of these cell transplants usually lasts for a relatively short time owing to the strong immunologic reactions against the transplants. Protection from the immune system may be achieved by encapsulating the beta cells in such a way that their ability to release insulin is preserved. In the article of Arifi n and colleagues (1), encapsulated beta cells coembedded with DTDTPA (dithiolated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) gadolinium– coated gold nanoparticles are suggested as a biohybrid theranostic transplant. The in vitro and in vivo data presented in the article give hope that these transplants have the potential to solve many of the problems associated with beta cell treatment of diabetes. In this context, the visibility of the transplanted cells at computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ultrasonography (US) might give the physician additional fl exibility in monitoring the transplantation procedure and its effectiveness over time. Furthermore, other cellular therapies may benefi t from cellular encapsulation. The combination of imaging of the biohybrid transplants and noninvasive functional assessment is likely to further improve assessment of the viability and function of the transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstrasse 20 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Hwang DW, Lee DS. Optical imaging for stem cell differentiation to neuronal lineage. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 46:1-9. [PMID: 24900026 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, the prospect of stem cell therapy holds great promise for the recovery of injured tissues and effective treatment of intractable diseases. Tracking stem cell fate provides critical information to understand and evaluate the success of stem cell therapy. The recent emergence of in vivo noninvasive molecular imaging has enabled assessment of the behavior of grafted stem cells in living subjects. In this review, we provide an overview of current optical imaging strategies based on cell- or tissue-specific reporter gene expression and of in vivo methods to monitor stem cell differentiation into neuronal lineages. These methods use optical reporters either regulated by neuron-specific promoters or containing neuron-specific microRNA binding sites. Both systems revealed dramatic changes in optical reporter imaging signals in cells differentiating into a neuronal lineage. The detection limit of weak promoters or reporter genes can be greatly enhanced by adopting a yeast GAL4 amplification system or an engineering-enhanced luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, we propose an advanced imaging system to monitor neuronal differentiation during neurogenesis that uses in vivo multiplexed imaging techniques capable of detecting several targets simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; WCU, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Molecular imaging: a promising tool to monitor islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:202915. [PMID: 22013504 PMCID: PMC3195545 DOI: 10.1155/2011/202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of insulin production by pancreatic islet transplantation has great potential as a therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. At present, the lack of an effective approach to islet grafts assessment limits the success of this treatment. The development of molecular imaging techniques has the potential to fulfill the goal of real-time noninvasive monitoring of the functional status and viability of the islet grafts. We review the application of a variety of imaging modalities for detecting endogenous and transplanted beta-cell mass. The review also explores the various molecular imaging strategies for assessing islet delivery, the metabolic effects on the islet grafts as well as detection of immunorejection. Here, we highlight the use of combined imaging and therapeutic interventions in islet transplantation and the in vivo monitoring of stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells.
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28
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Eriksson O, Alavi A. Imaging the islet graft by positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 39:533-42. [PMID: 21932118 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is being investigated as a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Currently, intraportal infusion of islets is the favoured procedure, but several novel implantation sites have been suggested. Noninvasive longitudinal methodologies are an increasingly important tool for assessing the fate of transplanted islets, their mass, function and early signs of rejection. This article reviews the approaches available for islet graft imaging by positron emission tomography and progress in the field, as well as future challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Accurate measurement of pancreatic islet beta-cell mass using a second-generation fluorescent exendin-4 analog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12815-20. [PMID: 21768367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109859108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of type 1 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets. Autoimmune diabetes has been difficult to study or treat because it is not usually diagnosed until substantial β-cell loss has already occurred. Imaging agents that permit noninvasive visualization of changes in β-cell mass remain a high-priority goal. We report on the development and testing of a near-infrared fluorescent β-cell imaging agent. Based on the amino acid sequence of exendin-4, we created a neopeptide via introduction of an unnatural amino acid at the K(12) position, which could subsequently be conjugated to fluorophores via bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed click-chemistry. Cell assays confirmed that the resulting fluorescent probe (E4(×12)-VT750) had a high binding affinity (~3 nM). Its in vivo properties were evaluated using high-resolution intravital imaging, histology, whole-pancreas visualization, and endoscopic imaging. According to intravital microscopy, the probe rapidly bound to β-cells and, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy, it was internalized. Histology of the whole pancreas showed a close correspondence between fluorescence and insulin staining, and there was an excellent correlation between imaging signals and β-cell mass in mice treated with streptozotocin, a β-cell toxin. Individual islets could also be visualized by endoscopic imaging. In short, E4(×12)-VT750 showed strong and selective binding to glucose-like peptide-1 receptors and permitted accurate measurement of β-cell mass in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. This near-infrared imaging probe, as well as future radioisotope-labeled versions of it, should prove to be important tools for monitoring diabetes, progression, and treatment in both experimental and clinical contexts.
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