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Mardones MD, Rostam KD, Nickerson MC, Gupta K. Canonical Wnt activator Chir99021 prevents epileptogenesis in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114767. [PMID: 38522659 PMCID: PMC11058011 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway mediates the development of dentate granule cell neurons in the hippocampus. These neurons are central to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy and undergo structural and physiological remodeling during epileptogenesis, which results in the formation of epileptic circuits. The pathways responsible for granule cell remodeling during epileptogenesis have yet to be well defined, and represent therapeutic targets for the prevention of epilepsy. The current study explores Wnt signaling during epileptogenesis and for the first time describes the effect of Wnt activation using Wnt activator Chir99021 as a novel anti-epileptogenic therapeutic approach. Focal mesial temporal lobe epilepsy was induced by intrahippocampal kainate (IHK) injection in wild-type and POMC-eGFP transgenic mice. Wnt activator Chir99021 was administered daily, beginning 3 h after seizure induction, and continued up to 21-days. Immature granule cell morphology was quantified in the ipsilateral epileptogenic zone and the contralateral peri-ictal zone 14 days after IHK, targeting the end of the latent period. Bilateral hippocampal electrocorticographic recordings were performed for 28-days, 7-days beyond treatment cessation. Hippocampal behavioral tests were performed after completion of Chir99021 treatment. Consistent with previous studies, IHK resulted in the development of epilepsy after a 14 day latent period in this well-described mouse model. Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway with Chir99021 significantly reduced bilateral hippocampal seizure number and duration. Critically, this effect was retained after treatment cessation, suggesting a durable antiepileptogenic change in epileptic circuitry. Morphological analyses demonstrated that Wnt activation prevented pathological remodeling of the primary dendrite in both the epileptogenic zone and peri-ictal zone, changes in which may serve as a biomarker of epileptogenesis and anti-epileptogenic treatment response in pre-clinical studies. These findings were associated with improved object location memory with Chir99021 treatment after IHK. This study provides novel evidence that canonical Wnt activation prevents epileptogenesis in the IHK mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, preventing pathological remodeling of dentate granule cells. Wnt signaling may therefore play a key role in mesial temporal lobe epileptogenesis, and Wnt modulation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel D Mardones
- Indiana University, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America; Indiana University, Department of Neurosurgery, W 16th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
| | - Kevin D Rostam
- Indiana University, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
| | - Margaret C Nickerson
- Indiana University, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
| | - Kunal Gupta
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Neurosurgery, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America; Medical College of Wisconsin, Neuroscience Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America; Indiana University, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America; Indiana University, Department of Neurosurgery, W 16th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America.
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2
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Gu J, Shao W, Liu D, Feng JN, Pang J, Jin T. Liraglutide stimulates the β-catenin signaling cascade in mouse epididymal fat tissue. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:343-356. [PMID: 35552259 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation was shown to negatively regulate adipogenesis, recent investigations suggest that Wnt pathway effectors TCF7L2 and β-catenin (β-cat) in adipose tissues are also involved in energy homeostasis during adulthood. In assessing the metabolic beneficial effect of GLP-1-based diabetes drugs in high-fat diet (HFD)-challenged mice, we observed that liraglutide treatment affected the expression of a battery of adipose tissue-specific genes, including those that encode adiponectin and leptin, mainly in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Fourteen-week HFD challenge repressed TCF7L2 and β-cat S675 phosphorylation in eWAT, while such repression was reversed by liraglutide treatment (150 µg/kg body weight daily) during weeks 10-14. In Glp1r-/-mice, liraglutide failed in stimulating TCF7L2 or β-cat in eWAT. We detected Glp1r expression in mouse eWAT and its level is enriched in its stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Mouse eWAT-SVF showed reduced expression of Tcf7l2 and its Tcf7l2 level could not be stimulated by liraglutide treatment; while following adipogenic differentiation, rat eWAT-SVF showed elevated Tcf7l2 expression. Direct in vitro liraglutide treatment in eWAT-SVF stimulated CREB S133, β-cat S675 phosphorylation, and cellular cAMP level. Thus, cAMP/β-cat signaling cascade can be stimulated by liraglutide in eWAT via GLP-1R expressed in eWAT-SVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dinghui Liu
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Nuo Feng
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juan Pang
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Bhedi CD, Nasirova S, Toksoz D, Warburton RR, Morine KJ, Kapur NK, Galper JB, Preston IR, Hill NS, Fanburg BL, Penumatsa KC. Glycolysis regulated transglutaminase 2 activation in cardiopulmonary fibrogenic remodeling. FASEB J 2020; 34:930-944. [PMID: 31914588 PMCID: PMC6956703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure (HF) includes fibrogenic remodeling associated with the loss of pulmonary arterial (PA) and cardiac compliance. We and others have previously identified transglutaminase 2 (TG2) as a participant in adverse fibrogenic remodeling. However, little is known about the biologic mechanisms that regulate TG2 function. We examined physiological mouse models of experimental PH, HF, and type 1 diabetes that are associated with altered glucose metabolism/glycolysis and report here that TG2 expression and activity are elevated in pulmonary and cardiac tissues under all these conditions. We additionally used PA adventitial fibroblasts to test the hypothesis that TG2 is an intermediary between enhanced tissue glycolysis and fibrogenesis. Our in vitro results show that glycolytic enzymes and TG2 are upregulated in fibroblasts exposed to high glucose, which stimulates cellular glycolysis as measured by Seahorse analysis. We examined the relationship of TG2 to a terminal glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and found that PKM2 regulates glucose-induced TG2 expression and activity as well as fibrogenesis. Our studies further show that TG2 inhibition blocks glucose-induced fibrogenesis and cell proliferation. Our findings support a novel role for glycolysis-mediated TG2 induction and tissue fibrosis associated with experimental PH, HF, and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee D. Bhedi
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Nasirova
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Toksoz
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod R. Warburton
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Morine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navin K. Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas B. Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioana R. Preston
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Hill
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry L. Fanburg
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna C. Penumatsa
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Welzig CM, Haburcak M, Wang B, Aronovitz M, Blanton RM, Park HJ, Force T, Noujaim S, Galper JB. Targeted disruption of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in cardiomyocytes attenuates cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215213. [PMID: 30978208 PMCID: PMC6461277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic Akita mice develop severe cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction that we have previously demonstrated is due at least in part to an abnormality in the response of the end organ to parasympathetic stimulation. Specifically, we had shown that hypoinsulinemia in the diabetic heart results in attenuation of the G-protein coupled inward rectifying K channel (GIRK) which mediates the negative chronotropic response to parasympathetic stimulation due at least in part to decreased expression of the GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits of the channel. We further demonstrated that the expression of GIRK1 and GIRK4 is under the control of the Sterol Regulatory element Binding Protein (SREBP-1), which is also decreased in response to hypoinsulinemia. Finally, given that hyperactivity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)3β, had been demonstrated in the diabetic heart, we demonstrated that treatment of Akita mice with Li+, an inhibitor of GSK3β, increased parasympathetic responsiveness and SREBP-1 levels consistent with the conclusion that GSK3β might regulate IKACh via an effect on SREBP-1. However, inhibitor studies were complicated by lack of specificity for GSK3β. Here we generated an Akita mouse with cardiac specific inducible knockout of GSK3β. Using this mouse, we demonstrate that attenuation of GSK3β expression is associated with an increase in parasympathetic responsiveness measured as an increase in the heart rate response to atropine from 17.3 ± 3.5% (n = 8) prior to 41.2 ± 5.4% (n = 8, P = 0.017), an increase in the duration of carbamylcholine mediated bradycardia from 8.43 ± 1.60 min (n = 7) to 12.71 ± 2.26 min (n = 7, P = 0.028) and an increase in HRV as measured by an increase in the high frequency fraction from 40.78 ± 3.86% to 65.04 ± 5.64 (n = 10, P = 0.005). Furthermore, patch clamp measurements demonstrated a 3-fold increase in acetylcholine stimulated peak IKACh in atrial myocytes from GSK3β deficiency mice compared with control. Finally, western blot analysis of atrial extracts from knockout mice demonstrated increased levels of SREBP-1, GIRK1 and GIRK4 compared with control. Taken together with our prior observations, these data establish a role of increased GSK3β activity in the pathogenesis of parasympathetic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes via the regulation of IKACh and GIRK1/4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JBG)
| | - Charles M. Welzig
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marian Haburcak
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ho-Jin Park
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sami Noujaim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonas B. Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JBG)
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5
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Bohne LJ, Johnson D, Rose RA, Wilton SB, Gillis AM. The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical and Mechanistic Insights. Front Physiol 2019; 10:135. [PMID: 30863315 PMCID: PMC6399657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of clinical studies have reported that diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for Atrial fibrillation (AF). After adjustment for other known risk factors including age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, DM remains a significant if modest risk factor for development of AF. The mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to AF in DM are incompletely understood, but are thought to involve electrical, structural, and autonomic remodeling in the atria. Electrical remodeling in DM may involve alterations in gap junction function that affect atrial conduction velocity due to changes in expression or localization of connexins. Electrical remodeling can also occur due to changes in atrial action potential morphology in association with changes in ionic currents, such as sodium or potassium currents, that can affect conduction velocity or susceptibility to triggered activity. Structural remodeling in DM results in atrial fibrosis, which can alter conduction patterns and susceptibility to re-entry in the atria. In addition, increases in atrial adipose tissue, especially in Type II DM, can lead to disruptions in atrial conduction velocity or conduction patterns that may affect arrhythmogenesis. Whether the insulin resistance in type II DM activates unique intracellular signaling pathways independent of obesity requires further investigation. In addition, the relationship between incident AF and glycemic control requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn J Bohne
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dustin Johnson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen B Wilton
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne M Gillis
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
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6
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Emerging Role of mTOR Signaling-Related miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6141902. [PMID: 30305865 PMCID: PMC6165581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase- (PI3K-) related kinase family, elicits a vital role in diverse cellular processes, including cellular growth, proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and metabolism. In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of short noncoding RNA, are an emerging intricate posttranscriptional modulator of critical gene expression for the development and maintenance of homeostasis across a wide array of tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed an interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR signaling circuit in the different cardiovascular pathophysiology, like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive state of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of interactions between the mTOR signaling pathway and miRs. We have also highlighted the latest advances on mTOR-targeted therapy in clinical trials and the new perspective therapeutic strategies with mTOR-targeting miRs in cardiovascular diseases.
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7
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Lowell JA, Worthen RJ, Syed SA, Beurel E. Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems Alterations in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:547. [PMID: 30174579 PMCID: PMC6107705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder, often fatal. Treatment options are few and often do not provide immediate relief to the patients. The increasing involvement of inflammation in the pathology of MDD has provided new potential therapeutic avenues. Cytokine levels are elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of MDD patients whereas immune cells often exhibit an immunosuppressed phenotype in MDD patients. Blocking cytokine actions in patients exhibiting MDD show some antidepressant efficacy. However, the role of cytokines, and the immune response in MDD patients remain to be determined. We reviewed here the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in MDD, as well as potential mechanisms whereby the immune response might be regulated in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Lowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ryan J Worthen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shariful A Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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8
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Teitz T, Fang J, Goktug AN, Bonga JD, Diao S, Hazlitt RA, Iconaru L, Morfouace M, Currier D, Zhou Y, Umans RA, Taylor MR, Cheng C, Min J, Freeman B, Peng J, Roussel MF, Kriwacki R, Guy RK, Chen T, Zuo J. CDK2 inhibitors as candidate therapeutics for cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss. J Exp Med 2018. [PMID: 29514916 PMCID: PMC5881471 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss caused by aging, noise, cisplatin toxicity, or other insults affects 360 million people worldwide, but there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to prevent or treat it. We screened 4,385 small molecules in a cochlear cell line and identified 10 compounds that protected against cisplatin toxicity in mouse cochlear explants. Among them, kenpaullone, an inhibitor of multiple kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), protected zebrafish lateral-line neuromasts from cisplatin toxicity and, when delivered locally, protected adult mice and rats against cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss. CDK2-deficient mice displayed enhanced resistance to cisplatin toxicity in cochlear explants and to cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that kenpaullone directly inhibits CDK2 kinase activity and reduces cisplatin-induced mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, thereby enhancing cell survival. Our experiments have revealed the proapoptotic function of CDK2 in postmitotic cochlear cells and have identified promising therapeutics for preventing hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Teitz
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Asli N Goktug
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Justine D Bonga
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shiyong Diao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Robert A Hazlitt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Luigi Iconaru
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Marie Morfouace
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Duane Currier
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yinmei Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Robyn A Umans
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael R Taylor
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Burgess Freeman
- Preclinical PK Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Richard Kriwacki
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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9
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Wagman AS, Boyce RS, Brown SP, Fang E, Goff D, Jansen JM, Le VP, Levine BH, Ng SC, Ni ZJ, Nuss JM, Pfister KB, Ramurthy S, Renhowe PA, Ring DB, Shu W, Subramanian S, Zhou XA, Shafer CM, Harrison SD, Johnson KW, Bussiere DE. Synthesis, Binding Mode, and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Potent and Selective (5-Imidazol-2-yl-4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)[2-(2-pyridylamino)ethyl]amine Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8482-8514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan S. Wagman
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Rustum S. Boyce
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sean P. Brown
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Eric Fang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dane Goff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Johanna M. Jansen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Vincent P. Le
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Barry H. Levine
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Simon C. Ng
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Ni
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - John M. Nuss
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Keith B. Pfister
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Savithri Ramurthy
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Paul A. Renhowe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - David B. Ring
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wei Shu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sharadha Subramanian
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Xiaohui A. Zhou
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Shafer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Stephen D. Harrison
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kirk W. Johnson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dirksen E. Bussiere
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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10
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Jin H, Welzig CM, Aronovitz M, Noubary F, Blanton R, Wang B, Rajab M, Albano A, Link MS, Noujaim SF, Park HJ, Galper JB. QRS/T-wave and calcium alternans in a type I diabetic mouse model for spontaneous postmyocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia: A mechanism for the antiarrhythmic effect of statins. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1406-1416. [PMID: 28522367 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sudden arrhythmic death is markedly increased in diabetics. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a mouse model for postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the diabetic heart and determine the mechanism of an antiarrhythmic effect of statins. METHODS ECG transmitters were implanted in wild-type (WT), placebo, and pravastatin-treated type I diabetic Akita mice. MIs were induced by coronary ligation, and Ca2+ transients were studied by optical mapping, and Ca2+ transients and sparks in left ventricular myocytes (VM) by the Ionoptix system and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Burst pacing of Akita mouse hearts resulted in rate-related QRS/T-wave alternans, which was attenuated in pravastatin-treated mice. Post-MI Akita mice developed QRS/T-wave alternans and VT at 2820 ± 879 beats per mouse, which decreased to 343 ± 115 in pravastatin-treated mice (n = 13, P <.05). Optical mapping demonstrated pacing-induced VT originating in the peri-infarction zone and Ca2+ alternans, both attenuated in hearts of statin-treated mice. Akita VM displayed Ca2+ alternans, and triggered activity as well as increased Ca2+ transient decay time (Tau), Ca2+ sparks, and cytosolic Ca2+ and decreased SR Ca2+ stores all of which were in part reversed in cells from statin treated mice. Homogenates of Akita ventricles demonstrated decreased SERCA2a/PLB ratio and increased ratio of protein phosphatase (PP-1) to the PP-1 inhibitor PPI-1 which were reversed in homogenates of pravastatin-treated Akita mice. CONCLUSION Pravastatin decreased the incidence of post-MI VT and Ca2+ alternans in Akita mouse hearts in part by revering abnormalities of Ca2+ handling via the PP-1/PPI-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jin
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Charles M Welzig
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Departments of Neurology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Blanton
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Wang
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad Rajab
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alfred Albano
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Mark S Link
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sami F Noujaim
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ho-Jin Park
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jonas B Galper
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiovascular Division, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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11
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Jin T. Current Understanding on Role of the Wnt Signaling Pathway Effector TCF7L2 in Glucose Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:254-77. [PMID: 27159876 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in metabolic homeostasis has drawn our intensive attention, especially after the genome-wide association study discovery that certain polymorphisms of its key effector TCF7L2 are strongly associated with the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. For a decade, great efforts have been made in determining the function of TCF7L2 in various metabolic organs, which have generated both considerable achievements and disputes. In this review, I will briefly introduce the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, focusing on its effector β-catenin/TCF, including emphasizing the bidirectional feature of TCFs and β-catenin post-translational modifications. I will then summarize the observations on the association between TCF7L2 polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes risk. The main content, however, is on the intensive functional exploration of the metabolic role of TCF7L2, including the disputes generated on determining its role in the pancreas and liver with various transgenic mouse lines. Finally, I will discuss those achievements and disputes and present my future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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12
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Angiopoietin 2 induces astrocyte apoptosis via αvβ5-integrin signaling in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2101. [PMID: 26890140 PMCID: PMC5399183 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy leads to macular edema and vision loss. Although astrocyte play an important role in regulating blood-brain barrier integrity in the brain, the precise role of astrocyte in blood-retinal barrier was yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) in astrocyte loss and vascular leakage in the early streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy. We demonstrated that vascular leakage occurred with astrocyte loss in early diabetic mice retina as Ang2 increased. The astrocyte loss and vascular leakage were inhibited by intravitreal injection of Ang2-neutralizing antibody. In vitro, Ang2 aggravated high glucose-induced astrocyte apoptosis via GSK-3β activation. Ang2 directly bound to αvβ5 integrin, which was abundant in astrocyte, and the blockade of αvβ5 integrin, in vitro, effectively attenuated Ang2-induced astrocyte apoptosis. In vivo, intravitreal injection of anti-αvβ5-integrin antibody inhibited astrocyte loss in early diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, Ang2 induced astrocyte apoptosis under high glucose via αvβ5-integrin/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, we suggest that Ang2/integrin signaling could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent the vascular leakage by astrocyte loss in early diabetic retinopathy.
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13
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Krishnaswamy PS, Egom EE, Moghtadaei M, Jansen HJ, Azer J, Bogachev O, Mackasey M, Robbins C, Rose RA. Altered parasympathetic nervous system regulation of the sinoatrial node in Akita diabetic mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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DBA/2J mice are susceptible to diabetic nephropathy and diabetic exacerbation of IOP elevation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107291. [PMID: 25207540 PMCID: PMC4160242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some pathological manifestations of diabetes in the eye include retinopathy, cataracts and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in non-proliferative stages of diabetic retinopathy and small increases in IOP in diabetic patients has raised the possibility that diabetes affects the development and progression of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. The Ins2Akita mutation is known to cause diabetes and retinopathy on a C57BL/6J (B6) background by as early as 3 months of age. Here, the impact of the Akita mutation on glaucoma was assessed using DBA/2J (D2) mice, a widely used mouse model of ocular hypertension induced glaucoma. In D2.Ins2Akita/+ mice, the contribution of diabetes to vascular permeability, IOP elevation, RGC loss, and glaucoma development was assessed. D2.Ins2Akita/+ mice developed a severe diabetic nephropathy and early mortality between 6-8 months of age. This agrees with previous reports showing that the D2 background is more susceptible to diabetes than the B6 background. In addition, D2.Ins2Akita/+ mice had vascular leakage, astrocyte reactivity and a significant increase in IOP. However no RGC loss and no anterograde axonal transport dysfunction were found at 8.5 months of age. Therefore, our data show that despite severe diabetes and an increased IOP compared to controls, RGCs do not lose axon transport or degenerate. This may be due to a DBA/2J-specific genetic modifier(s) that could provide novel and important avenues for developing new therapies for diabetic retinopathy and possibly glaucoma.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Jordan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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