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Savulescu-Fiedler I, Mihalcea R, Dragosloveanu S, Scheau C, Baz RO, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Caruntu C, Benea SN. The Interplay between Obesity and Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:856. [PMID: 39063610 PMCID: PMC11277997 DOI: 10.3390/life14070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life of numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors and immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in the development of obesity and represents a central point for the activity of cellular and humoral components in the adipose tissue. Macrophages play a key role as the main cellular component of the adipose tissue regulating the chronic inflammation and modulating the secretion and differentiation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation also involves a series of signaling pathways that might represent the focus for new therapies and interventions. Weight loss is essential in decreasing cardiometabolic risks and the degree of associated inflammation; however, the latter can persist for long after the excess weight is lost, and can involve changes in macrophage phenotypes that can ensure the metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the adipose tissue and the interplay between obesity and chronic inflammation can lead to a better understanding of the development of comorbidities and may ensure future targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Mihalcea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Octavian Baz
- Clinical Laboratory of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Nicolae Benea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Panasenko OM, Vladimirov YA, Sergienko VI. Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Reactive Halogen Species. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S148-S179. [PMID: 38621749 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the mechanisms of free radical lipid peroxidation (LPO) initiated by reactive halogen species (RHS) produced in mammals, including humans, by heme peroxidase enzymes, primarily myeloperoxidase (MPO). It has been shown that RHS can participate in LPO both in the initiation and branching steps of the LPO chain reactions. The initiation step of RHS-induced LPO mainly involves formation of free radicals in the reactions of RHS with nitrite and/or with amino groups of phosphatidylethanolamine or Lys. The branching step of the oxidative chain is the reaction of RHS with lipid hydroperoxides, in which peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals are formed. The role of RHS-induced LPO in the development of human inflammatory diseases (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg M Panasenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury A Vladimirov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery I Sergienko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Hope S, Nærland T, Olav Kolset S, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Nordstrøm M. Systemic immune profile in Prader-Willi syndrome: elevated matrix metalloproteinase and myeloperoxidase and reduced macrophage inhibitory factor. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:185. [PMID: 37430349 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome with highly increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis. Here we investigated CVD related immune markers to shed light on pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study with 22 participants with PWS and 22 healthy controls (HC), and compared levels of 21 inflammatory markers that reflect activity in different aspects of CVD related immune pathways and analyzed their association with clinical CVD risk factors. RESULTS Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was (median (range)) 121 (182) ng/ml in PWS versus 44 (51) ng/ml in HC, p = 1 × 10-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO) was 183 (696) ng/ml versus 65 (180) ng/ml, p = 1 × 10-5) and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) was 46 (150) ng/ml versus 121 (163) ng/ml (p = 1 × 10-3), after adjusting for age and sex. Also other markers tended to be elevated (OPG, sIL2RA, CHI3L1, VEGF) but not significantly after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.002). As expected PWS had higher body mass index, waist circumference, leptin, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), VAI and cholesterol, but MMP-9, MPO and MIF remained significantly different in PWS after adjustment for these clinical CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION PWS had elevated levels of MMP-9 and MPO and of reduced levels of MIF, which were not secondary to comorbid CVD risk factors. This immune profile suggests enhanced monocyte/neutrophil activation, impaired macrophage inhibition with enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings warrant further studies targeting these immune pathways in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Hope
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Nevsom, Department of Rare Diagnoses and Disabilities, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Terje Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nevsom, Department of Rare Diagnoses and Disabilities, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Olav Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Nordstrøm
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway
- Unit for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders, Movement, Muscle and Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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The Patient's Physiological Status at the Start Determines the Success of the Inpatient Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051735. [PMID: 36902521 PMCID: PMC10003145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation plays an important role in the recovery of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Lifestyle changes, achieved by exercise, diet, weight loss and patient education programs, are the first steps to a healthier life. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) are known to be involved in CVDs. Clarification on whether initial AGE levels can influence the rehabilitation outcome is important. Serum samples were collected at the beginning and end of the inpatient rehabilitation stay and analyzed for parameters: lipid metabolism, glucose status, oxidative stress, inflammation and AGE/RAGE-axis. As result, a 5% increase in the soluble isoform RAGE (sRAGE) (T0: 891.82 ± 44.97 pg/mL, T1: 937.17 ± 43.29 pg/mL) accompanied by a 7% decrease in AGEs (T0: 10.93 ± 0.65 µg/mL, T1: 10.21 ± 0.61 µg/mL) was shown. Depending on the initial AGE level, a significant reduction of 12.2% of the AGE activity (quotient AGE/sRAGE) was observed. We found that almost all measured factors improved. Summarizing, CVD-specific multidisciplinary rehabilitation positively influences disease-associated parameters, and thus provides an optimal starting point for subsequent disease-modifying lifestyle changes. Considering our observations, the initial physiological situations of patients at the beginning of their rehabilitation stay seem to play a decisive role regarding the assessment of rehabilitation success.
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Bale BF, Doneen AL, Leimgruber PP, Vigerust DJ. The critical issue linking lipids and inflammation: Clinical utility of stopping oxidative stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1042729. [PMID: 36439997 PMCID: PMC9682196 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1042729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of an atheroma begins when lipoproteins become trapped in the intima. Entrapped lipoproteins become oxidized and activate the innate immune system. This immunity represents the primary association between lipids and inflammation. When the trapping continues, the link between lipids and inflammation becomes chronic and detrimental, resulting in atherosclerosis. When entrapment ceases, the association between lipids and inflammation is temporary and healthy, and the atherogenic process halts. Therefore, the link between lipids and inflammation depends upon lipoprotein retention in the intima. The entrapment is due to electrostatic forces uniting apolipoprotein B to polysaccharide chains on intimal proteoglycans. The genetic transformation of contractile smooth muscle cells in the media into migratory secretory smooth muscle cells produces the intimal proteoglycans. The protein, platelet-derived growth factor produced by activated platelets, is the primary stimulus for this genetic change. Oxidative stress is the main stimulus to activate platelets. Therefore, minimizing oxidative stress would significantly reduce the retention of lipoproteins. Less entrapment decreases the association between lipids and inflammation. More importantly, it would halt atherogenesis. This review will analyze oxidative stress as the critical link between lipids, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Through this perspective, we will discuss stopping oxidative stress to disrupt a harmful association between lipids and inflammation. Numerous therapeutic options will be discussed to mitigate oxidative stress. This paper will add a new meaning to the Morse code distress signal SOS-stopping oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Field Bale
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Pierre P. Leimgruber
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David John Vigerust
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Hypochlorous Acid Chemistry in Mammalian Cells—Influence on Infection and Role in Various Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810735. [PMID: 36142645 PMCID: PMC9504810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl and the role of reactive chlorinated species (RCS), which are catalysed by the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, mainly located in leukocytes and which in turn contribute to cellular oxidative stress. The reactions of RCS with various organic molecules such as amines, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and DNA are described, and an attempt is made to explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the various chlorinated derivatives and the data available so far on the effects of MPO, RCS and halogenative stress. Their presence in numerous pathologies such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurological and renal diseases, diabetes, and obesity is reviewed and were found to be a feature of debilitating diseases.
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Alexeev EE, Dowdell AS, Henen MA, Lanis JM, Lee JS, Cartwright IM, Schaefer REM, Ornelas A, Onyiah JC, Vögeli B, Colgan SP. Microbial-derived indoles inhibit neutrophil myeloperoxidase to diminish bystander tissue damage. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21552. [PMID: 33826788 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100027r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During episodes of acute inflammation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are actively recruited to sites of inflammation or injury where they provide anti-microbial and wound-healing functions. One enzyme crucial for fulfilling these functions is myeloperoxidase (MPO), which generates hypochlorous acid from Cl- and hydrogen peroxide. The potential exists, however, that uncontrolled the extracellular generation of hypochlorous acid by MPO can cause bystander tissue damage and inhibit the healing response. Previous work suggests that the microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites 1H-indole and related molecules ("indoles") are protective during intestinal inflammation, although their precise mechanism of action is unclear. In the present work, we serendipitously discovered that indoles are potent and selective inhibitors of MPO. Using both primary human PMNs and recombinant human MPO in a cell-free system, we revealed that indoles inhibit MPO at physiologic concentrations. Particularly, indoles block the chlorinating activity of MPO, a reliable marker for MPO-associated tissue damage, as measured by coulometric-coupled HPLC. Further, we observed direct interaction between indoles and MPO using the established biochemical techniques microscale thermophoresis and STD-NMR. Utilizing a murine colitis model, we demonstrate that indoles inhibit bystander tissue damage, reflected in decreased colon 3-chlorotyrosine and pro-inflammatory chemokine expression in vivo. Taken together, these results identify microbiota-derived indoles that acts as endogenous immunomodulatory compounds through their actions on MPO, suggesting a symbiotic association between the gut microbiota and host innate immune system. Such findings offer exciting new targets for future pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Alexeev
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Dowdell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Scott Lee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel E M Schaefer
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alfredo Ornelas
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Onyiah
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Carbone F, Ministrini S, Montecucco F, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Dysfunctional High-density Lipoprotein: The Role of Myeloperoxidase and Paraoxonase-1. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2842-2850. [PMID: 32674726 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200716112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are not only defining criteria for metabolic syndrome, but are more generally associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other chronic diseases. Oxidative stress, a hallmark of cardio-metabolic disease, further influences HDL activity by suppressing their function. Especially the leukocyte- derived enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) has recently attracted great interest as it catalyzes the formation of oxidizing reactive species that modify the structure and function of HDL, ultimately increasing cardiovascular risk. Contrariwise, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that protects HDL from lipid oxidation and then acts as a protective factor against ASCVD. It is noteworthy that recent studies have demonstrated how MPO, PON1 and HDL form a functional complex in which PON1 partially inhibits the MPO activity, while MPO in turn partially inactivates PON1.In line with that, a high MPO/PON1 ratio characterizes patients with ASCVD and metabolic syndrome and has been suggested as a potential marker of dysfunctional HDL as well as a predictor of ASCVD. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the interactions between MPO and PON1 with regard to their structure, function and interaction with HDL activity. We also provide an overview of in vitro and experimental animal models, finally focusing on clinical evidence from a cohort of patients with ASCVD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Internal Medicine Department, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
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Erukainure OL, Sanni O, Salau VF, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Cola Nitida (Kola Nuts) Attenuates Hepatic Injury in Type 2 Diabetes by Improving Antioxidant and Cholinergic Dysfunctions and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:688-699. [PMID: 32600241 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200628030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effect of Cola nitida hot infusion against diabetes hepatic injury was investigated in livers of diabetic rats. Cola nitida was infused in boiling water and concentrated. METHODS The concentrated infusion was administered to T2D rats at low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively). The normal group (positive control) and another diabetic group (negative control) were administered distilled water, while metformin served as the standard drug. A toxic group that consists of normal rats administered a high dose of C. nitida. After 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and their livers were collected. They were assayed for oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase and ATPase activities. Hepatic lipid metabolites were profiled with GC-MS and their metabolic pathways were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 online server. RESULTS Treatment with C. nitida caused a significant elevation of glutathione level and SOD activity, while concomitantly inhibiting lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase and ATPase activities in hepatic tissues of the rats. Treatment with C. nitida also caused significant depletion of diabetes-generated lipid metabolites, with concomitant generation of fatty esters and steroids as well as inactivation of diabetes-activated pathways. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the therapeutic effect of C. nitida against diabetic hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Qaddoumi MG, Alanbaei M, Hammad MM, Al Khairi I, Cherian P, Channanath A, Thanaraj TA, Al-Mulla F, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J. Investigating the Role of Myeloperoxidase and Angiopoietin-like Protein 6 in Obesity and Diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6170. [PMID: 32277104 PMCID: PMC7148302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is positively associated with obesity and diet-induced insulin resistance. Angiopoietin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6) regulates metabolic processes and counteract obesity through increased energy expenditure. This study aims to evaluate the plasma MPO and ANGPTL6 levels in obese and diabetic individuals as well as MPO association with biochemical markers of obesity. A total of 238 participants were enrolled, including 137 control and 101 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. ANGPTL6 and MPO levels and other biomarkers were measured via ELISA. ANGPTL6 levels were significantly higher in the diabetic population and obese individuals. When the group was stratified based on T2D, ANGPTL6 levels were significantly higher in obese-diabetic participants compared with non-obese-diabetics, but obese-non-diabetic individuals had similar ANGPTL6 levels to their controls. MPO levels were higher in obese compared with non-obese participants but did not differ between T2D and control participants. MPO levels were upregulated in obese compared with non-obese in both diabetics and non-diabetics. MPO was positively associated with ANGPTL6, triglyceride, BMI, TNF-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that both MPO and ANGPTL6 may regulate obesity, although MPO exerts this effect independent of diabetes while ANGPTL6 may have a modulatory role in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad G Qaddoumi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muath Alanbaei
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maha M Hammad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Functional Genomic Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Functional Genomic Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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Schoeps DO, Holzer S, Suano-Souza FI, Hix S, Fonseca FLA, Sarni ROS. Myeloperoxidase as cardiovascular risk marker in pre-pubertal preterm children? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1345-1352. [PMID: 31653520 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk in pre-pubertal preterm children with a birth weight of less than 1,500 g and relate them to current nutritional status, insulin resistance, and inflammation. METHODS & RESULTS This is a cross-sectional, controlled study with pre-pubertal preterm children aged 5-9 years with a birth weight of less than 1500 g (Preterm group, n = 44) compared to full term children of adequate weight for gestational age (Control group, n = 30). Clinical evaluation: anthropometry and pubertal staging. Laboratory tests: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, paraoxonase 1, apolipoproteins A-I and B, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycemia and insulin (to calculate HOMA-IR). In the preterm group, 19 (43.2%) were male, with mean birth weight and gestational age of 1157 ± 242 g and 30.0 ± 2.3 weeks, respectively. The preterm group showed lower concentrations of HDL-c (60.1 ± 10.1 vs. 69.0 ± 10.0 mg/dL; p < 0.001); higher concentrations of hs-CRP [0.55 mg/dL (0.30; 39.4) vs. 0.30 mg/dL (0.30; 10.80); p = 0.043], of MPO [21.1 ng/mL (5.7; 120.0) vs. 8.1 ng/mL (2.6; 29.6); p < 0.001] and of MPO/HDL-c ratio [0.39 (0.09; 2.07) ng/mg vs. 0.11 (0.05; 0.58)]. The MPO/HDL-c ratio was the variable that showed the best discriminatory power between the groups (AUC = 0.878; 95% CI; 0.795-0.961). MPO concentrations in the preterm group were correlated with those of hs-CRP (r = 0.390; p = 0.009), insulin (r = 0.448; p = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.462; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Prepubertal preterm children show high MPO concentrations and MPO/HDL-c ratio that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which, in turn, may be associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise O Schoeps
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Simone Holzer
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Fabiola I Suano-Souza
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil; Pediatric Department, Federal University of São Paulo - São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Hix
- ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | | | - Roseli O S Sarni
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Association of Interleukin-6 and Myeloperoxidase with Insulin Resistance in Impaired Fasting Glucose Subjects. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:33-38. [PMID: 28149010 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a high risk subclinical condition for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the hyperglycemia seen in this condition is because of the development of insulin resistance (IR). Obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress and many other factors have been implicated in development of IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its successive complications. Current study was aimed to ascertain the correlation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)] with IR in subjects with IFG. In this study, 80 subjects (40 IFG, 40 healthy controls) aged 25-45 years were selected based on their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values and clinical history. Serum insulin, IL-6 and MPO were estimated by ELISA method and IR was calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment Index 2 (HOMA 2) calculator. Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent sample 't' test were used for statistical analysis. IL-6 and MPO were found to be significantly elevated in IFG group and both correlates significantly with IR (r 0.413, r 0.645). Only MPO had significant correlation with FPG (r 0.388). In conclusion, the association of altered levels of IL-6 and MPO with IR are suggestive of a role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of IR in individuals with IFG.
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Li Y, Ganesh T, Diebold BA, Zhu Y, McCoy JW, Smith SME, Sun A, Lambeth JD. Thioxo-dihydroquinazolin-one Compounds as Novel Inhibitors of Myeloperoxidase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1047-52. [PMID: 26487910 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key antimicrobial enzyme, playing a normal role in host defense, but also contributing to inflammatory conditions including neuroinflammatory diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. We synthesized and characterized more than 50 quinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives and showed that this class of compounds inhibits MPO with IC50 values as low as 100 nM. Representative compounds showed partially reversible inhibition that was competitive with respect to Amplex Red substrate and did not result in the accumulation of MPO Compound II. Members of this group show promise for therapeutic development for the treatment of diseases in which inflammation plays a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department
of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Becky A. Diebold
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yerun Zhu
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - James W. McCoy
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Aiming Sun
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - J. David Lambeth
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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