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Amengual-Cladera E, Morla-Barcelo PM, Morán-Costoya A, Sastre-Serra J, Pons DG, Valle A, Roca P, Nadal-Serrano M. Metformin: From Diabetes to Cancer-Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:302. [PMID: 38785784 PMCID: PMC11117706 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, has garnered attention for its potential in cancer management, particularly in breast and colorectal cancer. It is established that metformin reduces mitochondrial respiration, but its specific molecular targets within mitochondria vary. Proposed mechanisms include inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I and/or Complex IV, and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, among others. These actions lead to cellular energy deficits, redox state changes, and several molecular changes that reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Clinical evidence supports metformin's role in cancer prevention in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Moreover, in these patients with breast and colorectal cancer, metformin consumption leads to an improvement in survival outcomes and prognosis. The synergistic effects of metformin with chemotherapy and immunotherapy highlights its potential as an adjunctive therapy for breast and colorectal cancer. However, nuanced findings underscore the need for further research and stratification by molecular subtype, particularly for breast cancer. This comprehensive review integrates metformin-related findings from epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies in breast and colorectal cancer. Here, we discuss current research addressed to define metformin's bioavailability and efficacy, exploring novel metformin-based compounds and drug delivery systems, including derivatives targeting mitochondria, combination therapies, and novel nanoformulations, showing enhanced anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Amengual-Cladera
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Nadal-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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Frost KL, Jilek JL, Toth EL, Goedken MJ, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Representative Rodent Models for Renal Transporter Alterations in Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:970-981. [PMID: 37137719 PMCID: PMC10353148 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in renal elimination processes of glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion by renal transporters can result in adverse drug reactions. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) alters hepatic transporter expression and xenobiotic elimination, but until recently, renal transporter alterations in NASH were unknown. This study investigates renal transporter changes in rodent models of NASH to identify a model that recapitulates human alterations. Quantitative protein expression by surrogate peptide liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on renal biopsies from NASH patients was used for concordance analysis with rodent models, including methionine/choline deficient (MCD), atherogenic (Athero), or control rats and Leprdb/db MCD (db/db), C57BL/6J fast-food thioacetamide (FFDTH), American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS), or control mice. Demonstrating clinical similarity to NASH patients, db/db, FFDTH, and ALIOS showed decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 76%, 28%, and 24%. Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) showed an upward trend in all models except the FFDTH (from 3.20 to 2.39 pmol/mg protein), making the latter the only model to represent human OAT3 changes. OAT5, a functional ortholog of human OAT4, significantly decreased in db/db, FFDTH, and ALIOS (from 4.59 to 0.45, 1.59, and 2.83 pmol/mg protein, respectively) but significantly increased for MCD (1.67 to 4.17 pmol/mg protein), suggesting that the mouse models are comparable to human for these specific transport processes. These data suggest that variations in rodent renal transporter expression are elicited by NASH, and the concordance analysis enables appropriate model selection for future pharmacokinetic studies based on transporter specificity. These models provide a valuable resource to extrapolate the consequences of human variability in renal drug elimination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Rodent models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that recapitulate human renal transporter alterations are identified for future transporter-specific pharmacokinetic studies to facilitate the prevention of adverse drug reactions due to human variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Frost
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Joseph L Jilek
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Erica L Toth
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Michael J Goedken
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (K.L.F., J.L.J., E.L.T., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
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Xue H, Xing HJ, Wang B, Fu C, Zhang YS, Qiao X, Guo C, Zhang XL, Hu B, Zhao X, Deng LJ, Zhu XC, Zhang Y, Liu YF. Cinchonine, a Potential Oral Small-Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Lowers Blood Glucose and Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1417-1432. [PMID: 37197367 PMCID: PMC10184894 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s404055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an effective therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Research has focused on small-molecule GLP-1R agonists because of their ease of use in oral formulations and improved patient compliance. However, no small-molecule GLP-1R agonists are currently available in the market. We aimed to screen for a potential oral small-molecule GLP-1R agonist and evaluated its effect on blood glucose and NASH. Methods The Connectivity map database was used to screen for candidate small-molecule compounds. Molecular docking was performed using SYBYL software. Rat pancreatic islets were incubated in different concentrations glucose solutions, with cinchonine or Exendin (9-39) added to determine insulin secretion levels. C57BL/6 mice, GLP-1R-/- mice and hGLP-1R mice were used to conduct oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, we fed ob/ob mice with the GAN diet to induce the NASH model. Cinchonine (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was administered orally twice daily to the mice. Serum liver enzymes were measured using biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were examined using Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Oil Red O staining and Sirius Red staining. Results Based on the small intestinal transcriptome of geniposide, a recognized small-molecule GLP-1R agonist, we identified that cinchonine exerted GLP-1R agonist-like effects. Cinchonine had a good binding affinity for GLP-1R. Cinchonine promoted glucose-dependent insulin secretion, which could be attenuated significantly by Exendin (9-39), a specific GLP-1R antagonist. Moreover, cinchonine could reduce blood glucose in C57BL/6 and hGLP-1R mice, an effect that could be inhibited with GLP-1R knockout. In addition, cinchonine reduced body weight gain and food intake in ob/ob-GAN NASH mice dose-dependently. 100 mg/kg cinchonine significantly improved liver function by reducing the ALT, ALP and LDH levels. Importantly, 100 mg/kg cinchonine ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NASH mice. Conclusion Cinchonine, a potential oral small-molecule GLP-1R agonist, could reduce blood glucose and ameliorate NASH, providing a strategy for developing small-molecule GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Jie Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhang; Yun-Feng Liu, Tel +86-18835102847; +86-18703416169, Email ;
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
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Zou W, Shi B, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Huang B, Ouyang B, Cai Z, Liu M. Drug Transporters in the Kidney: Perspectives on Species Differences, Disease Status, and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746208. [PMID: 34912216 PMCID: PMC8666590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are a pair of important organs that excretes endogenous waste and exogenous biological agents from the body. Numerous transporters are involved in the excretion process. The levels of these transporters could affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, such as organic anion drugs, organic cationic drugs, and peptide drugs. Eleven drug transporters in the kidney (OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, OCT2, MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT4, MRP2, and MRP4) have become necessary research items in the development of innovative drugs. However, the levels of these transporters vary between different species, sex-genders, ages, and disease statuses, which may lead to different pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we review the differences of the important transports in the mentioned conditions, in order to help clinicians to improve clinical prescriptions for patients. To predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by renal drug transporters, the molecular docking method is used for rapid screening of substrates or inhibitors of the drug transporters. Here, we review a large number of natural products that represent potential substrates and/or inhibitors of transporters by the molecular docking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Birui Shi
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baolin Huang
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Biopharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jilek JL, Frost KL, Jacobus KA, He W, Toth EL, Goedken M, Cherrington NJ. Altered cisplatin pharmacokinetics during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contributes to reduced nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3869-3878. [PMID: 35024313 PMCID: PMC8727892 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-mediated alterations to drug disposition constitute a significant source of adverse drug reactions. Cisplatin (CDDP) elicits nephrotoxicity due to exposure in proximal tubule cells during renal secretion. Alterations to renal drug transporter expression have been discovered during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, associated changes to substrate toxicity is unknown. To test this, a methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced rat model was used to evaluate NASH-associated changes to CDDP pharmacokinetics, transporter expression, and toxicity. NASH rats administered CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed 20% less nephrotoxicity than healthy rats. Likewise, CDDP renal clearance decreased in NASH rats from 7.39 to 3.83 mL/min, renal secretion decreased from 6.23 to 2.80 mL/min, and renal CDDP accumulation decreased by 15%, relative to healthy rats. Renal copper transporter-1 expression decreased, and organic cation transporter-2 and ATPase copper transporting protein-7b increased slightly, reducing CDDP secretion. Hepatic CDDP accumulation increased 250% in NASH rats relative to healthy rats. Hepatic organic cation transporter-1 induction and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein-1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein-4 reduction may contribute to hepatic CDDP sequestration in NASH rats, although no drug-related toxicity was observed. These data provide a link between NASH-induced hepatic and renal transporter expression changes and CDDP renal clearance, which may alter nephrotoxicity.
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Key Words
- ATP7, ATPase copper transporting protein
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CTR, copper transporter
- Cisplatin
- DDTC, diethyldithiocarbamate
- DT, drug transporter
- Drug transporter
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- P-gp, p-glycoprotein
- PK, pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Jilek
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kayla L. Frost
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kevyn A. Jacobus
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erica L. Toth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nathan J. Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 520 626 0219.
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Ma Y, Yin X, Qin Z, Ke X, Mi Y, Zheng P, Tang Y. Role of Plin5 Deficiency in Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice. J Comp Pathol 2021; 189:88-97. [PMID: 34886991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Characterized by steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder. As a major lipid droplet-binding protein, Plin5 has been reported to have multiple effects on metabolism, but the effect of Plin5 deficiency on NAFLD is unknown. Plin5 knockout mice and wild-type mice were used to investigate the role of Plin5 in the progression of NAFLD by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Plin5 deficiency improved obesity induced by the HFD and altered glucose tolerance. Histological examination revealed that Plin5 deficiency alleviated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis induced by the HFD. Plin5 deficiency was also associated with a significant change in lipid metabolism-associated molecules. Further studies of these molecules indicated that Plin5 deficiency activated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibited the core regulator of lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and its downstream lipid synthesis-related genes. These findings suggest that Plin5 deficiency ameliorates NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting lipogenesis, and may provide a new strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ma
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of H. Pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuecui Yin
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of H. Pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- Department of Endocrine Geriatrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofei Ke
- Department of Pediatrics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of H. Pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of H. Pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of H. Pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pediatrics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Sharma S, Stine JG, Verbeek T, Bezinover D. Management of Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Considerations for the Anesthesiologist. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:2616-2627. [PMID: 34391652 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects more than 25% of the world population and is rising. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and can result in cirrhosis with subsequent liver failure. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has now emerged as one of the leading etiologies for a liver transplant among adults in the United States. Given the rising incidence of liver transplants in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis, it is essential for anesthesiologists to be familiar with this condition as well as with NASH-related comorbidities and perioperative complications. Not only is NASH linked to metabolic syndrome, but it also is independently associated with cardiovascular disease, renal and thyroid dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and a hypercoagulable state. The association with these conditions can affect the perioperative outcome of these patients, particularly because of increased mortality from major adverse cardiovascular events and sepsis. In order to decrease the perioperative morbidity and mortality of patients with NASH undergoing a liver transplant, a multidisciplinary approach to their perioperative management is essential, along with careful preoperative evaluation and aggressive intraoperative and postoperative monitoring. The focus of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of challenges associated with liver transplants in patients with NASH and to provide suggestions for appropriate patient selection and perioperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Liver Center, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Thomas Verbeek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Liver Center, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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8
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Honokiol Alleviates Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6 Mice by Regulating CFLAR-JNK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2313641. [PMID: 33354276 PMCID: PMC7735862 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2313641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Honokiol (HNK) has been reported to possess various beneficial effects in the context of metabolic disorders, including fatty liver, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress which are closely related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however with no particular reference to CFLAR or JNK. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and administered simultaneously with HNK (10 and 20 mg/kg once a day, ig) for 6 weeks, and NCTC1469 cells were pretreated, respectively, by oleic acid (OA, 0.5 mmol/L) plus palmitic acid (PA, 0.25 mmol/L) for 24 h, and adenovirus-down Cflar for 24 h, then exposed to HNK (10 and 20 μmol/L) for 24 h. Commercial kits, H&E, MT, ORO staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were used to detect the biomarkers, hepatic histological changes, and the expression of key genes involved in NASH. Results The in vivo results showed that HNK suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK (pJNK) by activating CFLAR; enhanced the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes Acox, Cpt1α, Fabp5, Gpat, Mttp, Pparα, and Scd-1; and decreased the levels of hepatic TG, TC, and MDA, as well as the levels of serum ALT and AST. Additionally, HNK enhanced the protein expression of oxidative stress-related key regulatory gene NRF2 and the activities of antioxidases HO-1, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreased the protein levels of prooxidases CYP4A and CYP2E1. The in vivo effects of HNK on the expression of CLFAR, pJNK, and NRF2 were proved by the in vitro experiments. Moreover, HNK promoted the phosphorylation of IRS1 (pIRS1) in both tested cells and increased the uptake of fluorescent glucose 2-NBDG in OA- and PA-pretreated cells. Conclusions HNK ameliorated NASH mainly by activating the CFLAR-JNK pathway, which not only alleviated fat deposition by promoting the efflux and β-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver but also attenuated hepatic oxidative damage and insulin resistance by upregulating the expression of NRF2 and pIRS1.
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9
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Chatterjee S, Mukherjee S, Sankara Sivaprasad LVJ, Naik T, Gautam SS, Murali BV, Hadambar AA, Gunti GR, Kuchibhotla V, Deyati A, Basavanthappa S, Ramarao M, Mariappan TT, Zinker BA, Zhang Y, Sinz M, Shen H. Transporter Activity Changes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Assessment with Plasma Coproporphyrin I and III. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:29-39. [PMID: 33127749 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and functional changes in the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) axis of transporters are well reported in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These changes can impact plasma and tissue disposition of endo- and exogenous compounds. The transporter alterations are often assessed by administration of a xenobiotic or by transporter proteomic analysis from liver biopsies. Using gene expression, proteomics, and endogenous biomarkers, we show that the gene expression and activity of OATP and MRP transporters are associated with disease progression and recovery in humans and in preclinical animal models of NASH. Decreased OATP and increased MRP3/4 gene expression in two cohorts of patients with steatosis and NASH, as well as gene and protein expression in multiple NASH rodent models, have been established. Coproporphyrin I and III (CP I and III) were established as substrates of MRP4. CP I plasma concentration increased significantly in four animal models of NASH, indicating the transporter changes. Up to a 60-fold increase in CP I plasma concentration was observed in the mouse bile duct-ligated model compared with sham controls. In the choline-deficient amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD) model, CP I plasma concentrations increased by >3-fold compared with chow diet-fed mice. In contrast, CP III plasma concentrations remain unaltered in the CDAHFD model, although they increased in the other three NASH models. These results suggest that tracking CP I plasma concentrations can provide transporter modulation information at a functional level in NASH animal models and in patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our analysis demonstrates that multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) transporter gene expression tracks with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression and intervention in patients. Additionally, we show that coproporphyrin I and III (CP I and III) are substrates of MRP4. CP I plasma and liver concentrations increase in different diet- and surgery-induced rodent NASH models, likely explained by both gene- and protein-level changes in transporters. CP I and III are therefore potential plasma-based biomarkers that can track NASH progression in preclinical models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Chatterjee
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Sambuddho Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - L V J Sankara Sivaprasad
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Tanvi Naik
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Shashyendra Singh Gautam
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Bokka Venkata Murali
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Avinash Annasao Hadambar
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Gowtham Raj Gunti
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Vijaykumar Kuchibhotla
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Avisek Deyati
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Sushma Basavanthappa
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Manjunath Ramarao
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - T Thanga Mariappan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Bradley A Zinker
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Michael Sinz
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
| | - Hong Shen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (S.C., S.S.L.V.J., T.N., S.S.G., B.V.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine (S.M., A.A.H., G.R.G., V.K., A.D., S.B.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization (T.T.M.) and Discovery and Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd. (M.R.), Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India; BMS Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey (B.A.Z.); and Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey (Y.Z., M.S., H.S.)
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10
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Zhang Y, Ruggiero M, Hagenbuch B. OATP1B3 Expression and Function is Modulated by Coexpression with OCT1, OATP1B1, and NTCP. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:622-630. [PMID: 32482756 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 is a drug transporter expressed at the basolateral membrane of human hepatocytes. Along with other transporters, including OATP1B1, Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), and organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, it is responsible for the uptake of endo- and xenobiotics into hepatocytes. Our previous studies demonstrated that OATP1B3 can form hetero-oligomers with OATP1B1 in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293) cells and with NTCP in both HEK293 cells and frozen human liver sections. To further characterize the hetero-oligomerization of OATP1B3, we investigated OCT1 as a potential interacting partner and determined the functional consequences of OATP1B3 hetero-oligomerization. We demonstrated interactions between OATP1B3 and OCT1 by coimmunoprecipitation with an anti-OATP1B3 antibody from human hepatocytes. In addition, we visualized the interaction using the proximity ligation assay in both HEK293 cells and in frozen human liver sections. We investigated the functional consequences of OATP1B3 hetero-oligomerization by measuring the OATP1B3 plasma membrane expression and the uptake of the OATP1B3 selective substrate cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) in the absence and presence of OATP1B1, NTCP, and OCT1. A significant decrease of OATP1B3 plasma membrane expression was observed after coexpression with OCT1, whereas coexpression with OATP1B1 or NTCP resulted in an increase of plasma membrane expression. With respect to transport, coexpression of OCT1 increased the apparent turnover rate of OATP1B3, whereas coexpression of OATP1B1 or NTCP decreased it. These findings demonstrated that coexpression of OATP1B3 with OATP1B1, NTCP, and OCT1 in HEK293 cells results in a transporter-dependent modification of OATP1B3-mediated CCK-8 transport and suggest that functional results obtained in single transporter overexpressing cell lines over- or underestimate OATP1B3 function in human hepatocytes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Coexpression of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 with organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, or OATP1B1 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells affects its expression level and function. When OCT1 is knocked down in human hepatocytes, function of OATP1B3 goes up. These results suggest that protein-protein interactions can affect the expression and function of the involved proteins, and thus single transporter expression systems might lead to over- or underestimation of drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Melissa Ruggiero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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11
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Ginseng berry extract enhances metformin efficacy against obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-fat diet through increase of metformin uptake in liver. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Foretz M, Guigas B, Viollet B. Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:569-589. [PMID: 31439934 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) still remain incompletely understood. Metformin is thought to exert its primary antidiabetic action through the suppression of hepatic glucose production. In addition, the discovery that metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 has placed energy metabolism and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at the centre of its proposed mechanism of action. However, the role of AMPK has been challenged and might only account for indirect changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity. Various mechanisms involving alterations in cellular energy charge, AMP-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 and modulation of the cellular redox state through direct inhibition of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been proposed for the acute inhibition of gluconeogenesis by metformin. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin could improve obesity-induced meta-inflammation via direct and indirect effects on tissue-resident immune cells in metabolic organs (that is, adipose tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver). Furthermore, the gastrointestinal tract also has a major role in metformin action through modulation of glucose-lowering hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the intestinal bile acid pool and alterations in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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13
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Sundelin EIO, Gormsen LC, Heebøll S, Vendelbo MH, Jakobsen S, Munk OL, Feddersen S, Brøsen K, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Pedersen SB, Grønbaek H, Jessen N. Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1761-1770. [PMID: 30973968 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Target tissue for metformin action is thought to be the liver, where metformin distribution depends on facilitated transport by polyspecific transmembrane organic cation transporters (OCTs). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the western world with strong associations to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, but whether NAFLD affects metformin biodistribution to the liver is not known. In this study, the primary aim was to investigate in vivo hepatic uptake of metformin dynamically in humans with variable degrees of liver affection. As a secondary aim, we wished to correlate hepatic metformin distribution with OCT gene transcription determined in diagnostic liver biopsies. METHODS Eighteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were investigated using 11C-metformin PET/CT technique. Gene transcripts of OCTs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We observed similar hepatic volume of distribution of metformin between patients with simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Vd 2.38 ± 0.56 vs. 2.10 ± 0.39, P = 0.3). There was no association between hepatic exposure to metformin and the degree of inflammation or fibrosis, and no clear correlation between metformin distribution and OCT gene transcription. CONCLUSION Metformin is distributed to the liver in patients with NAFLD and the distribution is not impaired by inflammation or fibrosis. The findings imply that metformin action in liver in patients with NAFLD may be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Heebøll
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Feddersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Brøsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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14
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Hao T, Chen H, Wu S, Tian H. LRG ameliorates steatohepatitis by activating the AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice fed a high‑fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:701-708. [PMID: 31180545 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been fully elucidated, and there are currently no effective treatments for NASH. The aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic effects of the glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonist liraglutide (LRG) on NASH and the underlying mechanisms. C57BL6J mice were fed a high‑fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce hepatic steatosis, and then LRG was injected subcutaneously for 4 weeks. The expression of sterol regulatory element‑binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) were determined by western blot analysis. The intracellular distribution of SREBP1 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that LRG treatment ameliorated HFD‑induced hepatic lipid accumulation and inhibited body weight gain. In addition, LRG treatment significantly suppressed the expression of hepatic SREBP1 as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K; it also increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Furthermore, LRG treatment inhibited the hepatic nuclear translocation of SREBP1. It was suggested that the GLP‑1 receptor agonist LRG may have ameliorated hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway as opposed to inhibiting body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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15
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Mahzari A, Li S, Zhou X, Li D, Fouda S, Alhomrani M, Alzahrani W, Robinson SR, Ye JM. Matrine Protects Against MCD-Induced Development of NASH via Upregulating HSP72 and Downregulating mTOR in a Manner Distinctive From Metformin. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 31068812 PMCID: PMC6491841 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of matrine on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice induced by a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet and the mechanism involved. The study was performed in C57B/6J mice fed a MCD diet for 6 weeks to induce NASH with or without the treatment of matrine (100 mg/kg/day in diet). Metformin was used (250 mg/kg/day in diet) as a comparator for mechanistic investigation. Administration of matrine significantly reduced MCD-induced elevations in plasma ALT and AST but without changing body or liver fat content. Along with alleviating liver injury, matrine suppressed MCD-induced hepatic inflammation (indicated by TNFα, CD68, MCP-1, and NLRP3) and fibrosis (indicated by collagen 1, TGFβ, Smad3, and sirius-red staining). In comparison, metformin treatment did not show any clear sign of effects on these parameters indicative of NASH. Further examination of the liver showed that matrine treatment rescued the suppressed HSP72 (a chaperon protein against cytotoxicity) and blocked the induction of mTOR (a key protein in a stress pathway). In keeping with the lack of the improvement of the NASH features, metformin did not show any significant effect against MCD-induced changes in HSP72 and mTOR. Matrine protects against MCD-induced development of NASH which is refractory to metformin treatment. Its anti-NASH effects involve enhancing HSP72 and downregulating mTOR but do not rely on amelioration of hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahzari
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songpei Li
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiu Zhou
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Sherouk Fouda
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wala Alzahrani
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen R Robinson
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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16
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Deng P, Barney J, Petriello MC, Morris AJ, Wahlang B, Hennig B. Hepatic metabolomics reveals that liver injury increases PCB 126-induced oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:140-149. [PMID: 30415113 PMCID: PMC6626632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of PCB 126 are complex, and the role of the liver in modifying toxic insult is not well understood. We utilized metabolomics approaches to compare liver metabolites significantly affected by PCB 126 in control mice and a diet induced liver injury mouse model. In this 14-week study, mice were fed either an amino acid supplemented control diet (CD) or a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) which promoted nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and were subsequently exposed to PCB 126. The liver metabolome was profiled by a global metabolomic analysis using LC-MS. There were clear differences between PCB 126 exposed and control mice in the hepatic metabolomic profiles (216 and 266 metabolites were altered in CD-fed and MCD-fed mice respectively after PCB 126 exposure). PCB 126 modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and CoA biosynthesis pathways irrespective of diet; indicating that the disturbance in lipid metabolism and thiol metabolites are general markers of PCB 126 exposure irrespective of liver health. Additionally, metabolites associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were greatly elevated in PCB 126 exposed mice with compromised livers (e.g., 4-hydroxy-nonenal glutathione, oxylipids, uric acid, and acylcarnitines). Moreover, PCB 126 exposure downregulated redox genes, and the effect was more pronounced in liver injury mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PCB 126 could induce oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, and pre-existing liver injury can markedly modify PCB 126-induced metabolic changes. Using metabolic profiling, this study suggests mechanism of enhanced PCB 126 toxicity under liver injury settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jazmyne Barney
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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17
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Li H, Toth E, Cherrington NJ. Asking the Right Questions With Animal Models: Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Model in Predicting Adverse Drug Reactions in Human NASH. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:23-33. [PMID: 29145614 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, great conceptual and technological advances have been made in the field of toxicology, but animal model-based research still remains one of the most widely used and readily available tools for furthering our current knowledge. However, animal models are not perfect in predicting all systemic toxicity in humans. Extrapolating animal data to accurately predict human toxicities remains a challenge, and researchers are obligated to question the appropriateness of their chosen animal model. This paper provides an assessment of the utility of the methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet fed animal model in reflecting human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the potential risks of adverse drug reactions and toxicities that are associated with the disease. As a commonly used NASH model, the MCD model fails to exhibit most metabolic abnormalities in a similar manner to the human disease. The MCD model, on the other hand, closely resembles human NASH histology and reflects signatures of drug transporter alterations in humans. Due to the nature of the MCD model, it should be avoided in studies of NASH pathogenesis, metabolic parameter evaluation, and biomarker identification. But it can be used to accurately predict altered drug disposition due to NASH-associated transporter alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Erica Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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18
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Zhang G, Ma Y, Xi D, Rao Z, Sun X, Wu X. Effect of high uric acid on the disposition of metformin: in vivo and in vitro studies. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 40:3-11. [PMID: 30488476 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is always used as the baseline antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperuricemia. Metformin is excreted into urine through active secretion mediated by rOCTs and rMATE1.The aim of this study was to identify the effects of high uric acid on the disposition and its mechanism. For the in vivo study, a hyperuricemic animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg) in rats. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to investigate the pharmacokinetics in control and hyperuricemic rats, respectively. For the in vitro study, HEK293 and HepaRG cells were used to investigate the effect of uric acid (15 mg/dl) on the expression of OCT1, OCT2 and MATE1 and the disposition of metformin, respectively. The in vivo study showed that the AUC0 → 600 of metformin was significantly decreased by 33.3%, whereas the cumulative urinary excretion of metformin was increased by 25.4% in hyperuricemic rats compared with that in control rats. The renal rOCT1, rOCT2 and rMATE1 and hepatic rMATE1 levels were increased in hyperuricemic rats compared with those in control rats, respectively. The in vitro study showed that uric acid could upregulate the expression of OCT2 and MATE1 in HEK293 cells and MATE1 in HepaRG cells and increase the intracellular metformin concentration in these two cell lines. These results demonstrated that a high uric acid level promoted urinary metformin excretion and decreased the plasma metformin concentration; the in vivo and in vitro studies provided a possible explanation being that high uric acid could upregulate the expression of renal metformin transporters OCTs and MATE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanrong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dali Xi
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhi Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin'an Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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19
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van Rongen A, van der Aa MP, Matic M, van Schaik RHN, Deneer VHM, van der Vorst MM, Knibbe CAJ. Increased Metformin Clearance in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20:365-374. [PMID: 29748932 PMCID: PMC6028885 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-018-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the increased use of metformin in obese adolescents, the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of metformin in overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS In overweight and obese adolescents receiving metformin 500 or 1000 mg twice daily for 37 weeks during a clinical trial, blood samples were collected over 8 h during an oral glucose tolerance test. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using NONMEM. RESULTS Data for 22 overweight and obese adolescents with a mean total body weight (TBW) of 79.3 kg (range 54.7-104.9), body mass index (BMI) of 29.1 kg/m2 (range 22.9-39.3), and age of 15.9 years (range 11.1-17.5) were analysed. In the model, oral clearance (CL/F) of metformin (1.17 l/min [relative standard error of 6%]) increased significantly with TBW (p < 0.01). More specifically, CL/F increased with both developmental weight (WTfor age and length) and excess body weight (WTexcess), for which an excess weight covariate model was proposed. CONCLUSION The CL/F of metformin in obese adolescents (1.17 l/min) is larger than that in non-obese children (0.55 l/min) and similar to that in adults (1.3 l/min) as reported in the literature. This increase may potentially be explained by increased tubular secretion of metformin. These results appear to indicate that adult dosages of metformin could be considered in obese adolescents if pediatric dosages have been therapeutically ineffective. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT01487993.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne van Rongen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands ,Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Present Address: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maja Matic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H. N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera H. M. Deneer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands ,Present Address: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands ,Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Li H, Canet MJ, Clarke JD, Billheimer D, Xanthakos SA, Lavine JE, Erickson RP, Cherrington NJ. Pediatric Cytochrome P450 Activity Alterations in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:1317-1325. [PMID: 28986475 PMCID: PMC5697442 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable drug responses depend on individual variation in the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP). As the most common chronic liver disease in children and adults, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been identified as a source of significant interindividual variation in hepatic drug metabolism. Compared with adults, children present age-related differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of fatty liver disease severity on the activity of a variety of CYP enzymes in children and adolescents. Healthy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pediatric subjects aged 12-21 years inclusive received an oral cocktail of four probe drugs: caffeine (CYP1A2, 100 mg), omeprazole (CYP2C19, 20 mg), losartan (CYP2C9, 25 mg), and midazolam (CYP3A4, 2 mg). Venous blood and urine were collected before administration and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after administration. Concentrations of the parent drugs and CYP-specific metabolites were quantified in plasma and urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In plasma, the decreased metabolic area under the curve (AUC) ratio, defined as the metabolite AUC to parent AUC, of omeprazole indicated significant decreases of CYP2C19 (P = 0.002) enzymatic activities in NASH adolescents, while the urine analyses did not show significant differences and were highly variable. A comparison between the present in vivo pediatric studies and a previous ex vivo study in adults indicates distinct differences in the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9. These data demonstrate that pediatric NASH presents an altered pattern of CYP activity and NASH should be considered as a confounder of drug metabolism for certain CYP enzymes. These differences could lead to future investigations that may reveal unexpected variable drug responses that should be considered in pediatric dosage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Mark J Canet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Joel E Lavine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.L., M.J.C., J.D.C., N.J.C.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (R.P.E.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (S.A.X.); Columbia University, New York, New York (J.E.L.)
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21
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Clarke JD, Novak P, Lake AD, Hardwick RN, Cherrington NJ. Impaired N-linked glycosylation of uptake and efflux transporters in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2017; 37:1074-1081. [PMID: 28097795 PMCID: PMC5479731 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS N-linked glycosylation of proteins is critical for proper protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. Drug transporters are one class of proteins that have reduced function when glycosylation is impaired. N-linked glycosylation of plasma proteins has also been investigated as a biomarker for several liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to assess the transcriptomic expression of genes involved in protein processing and glycosylation, and to determine the glycosylation status of key drug transporters during human NAFLD progression. METHODS Human liver samples diagnosed as healthy, steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were analysed for gene expression of glycosylation-related genes and for protein glycosylation using immunoblot. RESULTS Genes involved in protein processing in the ER and biosynthesis of N-glycans were significantly enriched for down-regulation in NAFLD progression. Included in the down regulated N-glycan biosynthesis category were genes involved in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, N-glycan quality control, N-glycan precursor biosynthesis, N-glycan trimming to the core, and N-glycan extension from the core. N-glycan degradation genes were unaltered in the progression to NASH. Immunoblot analysis of the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide-1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and Sodium/Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) demonstrated a significant loss of glycosylation following the progression to NASH. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the loss of glycosylation of key uptake and efflux transporters in humans NASH may influence transporter function and contribute to altered drug disposition observed in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Petr Novak
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - April D Lake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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22
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Dietrich CG, Rau M, Jahn D, Geier A. Changes in drug transport and metabolism and their clinical implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:625-640. [PMID: 28359183 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1314461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, especially in Western countries. Drug treatment in patients with NAFLD is common since it is linked to other conditions like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, changes in drug metabolism may have serious clinical implications. Areas covered: A literature search for studies in animal models or patients with obesity, fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or NASH cirrhosis published before November 2016 was performed. After discussing epidemiology and animal models for NAFLD, we summarized both basic as well as clinical studies investigating changes in drug transport and metabolism in NAFLD. Important drug groups were assessed separately with emphasis on clinical implications for drug treatment in patients with NAFLD. Expert opinion: Given the frequency of NAFLD even today, a high degree of drug treatment in NAFLD patients appears safe and well-tolerated despite considerable changes in hepatic uptake, distribution, metabolism and transport of drugs in these patients. NASH causes changes in biliary excretion, systemic concentrations, and renal handling of drugs leading to alterations in drug efficacy or toxicity under specific circumstances. Future clinical drug studies should focus on this special patient population in order to avoid serious adverse events in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Dietrich
- a Bethlehem Center of Health , Department of Medicine , Stolberg/Rhineland , Germany
| | - Monika Rau
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Jahn
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- b Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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23
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Cobbina E, Akhlaghi F. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - pathogenesis, classification, and effect on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:197-211. [PMID: 28303724 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1293683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disorders. It is defined by the presence of steatosis in more than 5% of hepatocytes with little or no alcohol consumption. Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes and genetic variants of PNPLA3 or TM6SF2 seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The pathological progression of NAFLD follows tentatively a "three-hit" process namely steatosis, lipotoxicity and inflammation. The presence of steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and IL-6 has been implicated in the alterations of nuclear factors such as CAR, PXR, PPAR-α in NAFLD. These factors may result in altered expression and activity of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) or transporters. Existing evidence suggests that the effect of NAFLD on CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and MRP3 is more consistent across rodent and human studies. CYP3A4 activity is down-regulated in NASH whereas the activity of CYP2E1 and the efflux transporter MRP3 is up-regulated. However, it is not clear how the majority of CYPs, UGTs, SULTs and transporters are influenced by NAFLD either in vivo or in vitro. The alterations associated with NAFLD could be a potential source of drug variability in patients and could have serious implications for the safety and efficacy of xenobiotics. In this review, we summarize the effects of NAFLD on the regulation, expression and activity of major DMEs and transporters. We also discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Cobbina
- a Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- a Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
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Li H, Clarke JD, Dzierlenga AL, Bear J, Goedken MJ, Cherrington NJ. In vivo cytochrome P450 activity alterations in diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31:10.1002/jbt.21840. [PMID: 27712037 PMCID: PMC5426479 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been identified as a source of significant interindividual variation in drug metabolism. A previous ex vivo study demonstrated significant changes in hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in human NASH. This study evaluated the in vivo activities of multiple CYP isoforms simultaneously in prominent diabetic NASH mouse models. The pharmacokinetics of CYP selective substrates: caffeine, losartan, and omeprazole changed significantly in a diabetic NASH mouse model, indicating attenuation of the activity of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, respectively. Decreased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, as well as an overall decrease in CYP protein expression, was found in the diabetic NASH mice. Overall, these data suggest that the diabetic NASH model only partially recapitulates the human ex vivo CYP alteration pattern. Therefore, in vivo determination of the effects of NASH on CYP activity should be conducted in human, and more appropriate models are required for future drug metabolism studies in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John D. Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anika L. Dzierlenga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John Bear
- Statistical Consulting Lab, Univeristy of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael J. Goedken
- Translational Sciences, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nathan J. Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Laho T, Clarke JD, Dzierlenga AL, Li H, Klein DM, Goedken M, Micuda S, Cherrington NJ. Effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on renal filtration and secretion of adefovir. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:144-51. [PMID: 27381944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adefovir, an acyclic nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat hepatitis B viral infection, is primarily eliminated renally through cooperation of glomerular filtration with active tubular transport. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a variable in drug disposition, yet the impact on renal transport processes has yet to be fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir in rats given a control or methionine and choline deficient diet to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS Animals received a bolus dose of 7mg/kg (35μCi/kg) [(3)H] adefovir with consequent measurement of plasma and urine concentrations. Inulin clearance was used to determine glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis prolonged the elimination half-life of adefovir. This observation occurred in conjunction with reduced distribution volume and hepatic levels of adefovir. Notably, despite these changes, renal clearance and overall clearance were not changed, despite markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alteration of glomerular filtration rate was fully compensated for by a significant increase in tubular secretion of adefovir. Analysis of renal transporters confirmed transcriptional up-regulation of Mrp4, the major transporter for adefovir tubular secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates changes to glomerular filtration and tubular secretion that alter pharmacokinetics of adefovir in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced changes in renal drug elimination processes could have major implications in variable drug response and the potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Laho
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - John D Clarke
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David M Klein
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers University, Department of Translational Sciences Research Pathology Services, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Structure and function of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) and their relevance to drug therapy and personalized medicine. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1555-84. [PMID: 27165417 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE; SLC47A) proteins are membrane transporters mediating the excretion of organic cations and zwitterions into bile and urine and thereby contributing to the hepatic and renal elimination of many xenobiotics. Transported substrates include creatinine as endogenous substrate, the vitamin thiamine and a number of drug agents with in part chemically different structures such as the antidiabetic metformin, the antiviral agents acyclovir and ganciclovir as well as the antibiotics cephalexin and cephradine. This review summarizes current knowledge on the structural and molecular features of human MATE transporters including data on expression and localization in different tissues, important aspects on regulation and their functional role in drug transport. The role of genetic variation of MATE proteins for drug pharmacokinetics and drug response will be discussed with consequences for personalized medicine.
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Altered Expression of Transporters, its Potential Mechanisms and Influences in the Liver of Rodent Models Associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:199-210. [PMID: 26597190 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is becoming an increasingly prevalent disease that concerns patients and healthcare professionals worldwide. Among many anti-diabetic agents in clinical uses, numerous reports are available on their altered pharmacokinetics because of changes in the expression of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes under diabetic states. These changes may affect the safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents and/or drug-drug interaction with co-administered agents. Therefore, the changes in transporter expression should be identified, and the underlying mechanisms should be clarified. This review summarizes the progress of recent studies on the alterations in important uptake and efflux transporters in liver of diabetic animals and their regulatory pathways.
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Tan JL, Eastment JG, Poudel A, Hubbard RE. Age-Related Changes in Hepatic Function: An Update on Implications for Drug Therapy. Drugs Aging 2015; 32:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s40266-015-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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