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Kaur N, Singh J, Minz RW, Anand S, Saikia B, Bhadada SK, Dayal D, Kumar M, Dhanda SK. Shared and distinct genetics of pure type 1 diabetes and type 1 diabetes with celiac disease, homology in their auto-antigens and immune dysregulation states: a study from North India. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:791-805. [PMID: 38483572 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken to explicate the shared and distinctive genetic susceptibility and immune dysfunction in patients with T1D alone and T1D with CD (T1D + CD). METHODS A total of 100 T1D, 50 T1D + CD and 150 healthy controls were recruited. HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles were determined by PCR-sequence-specific primer method, SNP genotyping for CTLA-4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe-based SNP-array and genotyping for INS-23 Hph1 A/T was done by RFLP. Autoantibodies and cytokine estimation was done by ELISA. Immune-regulation was analysed by flow-cytometry. Clustering of autoantigen epitopes was done by epitope cluster analytical tool. RESULTS Both T1D alone and T1D + CD had a shared association of DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04, DRB3*01:07/15 and DQB1*02. DRB3*01:07/15 confers the highest risk for T1D with relative risk of 11.32 (5.74-22.31). Non-HLA gene polymorphisms PTPN22 and INS could discriminate between T1D and T1D + CD. T1D + CD have significantly higher titers of autoantibodies, expression of costimulatory molecules on CD4 and CD8 cells, and cytokine IL-17A and TGF-β1 levels compared to T1D patients. Epitopes from immunodominant regions of autoantigens of T1D and CD clustered together with 40% homology. CONCLUSION Same HLA genes provide susceptibility for both T1D and CD. Non-HLA genes CTLA4, PTPN22 and INS provide further susceptibility while different polymorphisms in PTPN22 and INS can discriminate between T1D and T1D + CD. Epitope homology between autoantigens of two diseases further encourages the two diseases to occur together. The T1D + CD being more common in females along with co-existence of thyroid autoimmunity, and have more immune dysregulated state than T1D alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navchetan Kaur
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sandeep K Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Now at Department of Oncology, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Kokumai T, Suzuki S, Nishikawa N, Yamamura H, Mukai T, Tanahashi Y, Takahashi S. Early Diagnosis of Wolfram Syndrome by Ophthalmologic Screening in a Patient with Type 1B Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:102-105. [PMID: 35983751 PMCID: PMC10938529 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a monogenic diabetes caused by variants of the WFS1 gene. It is characterized by diabetes mellitus (DM) and optic atrophy. Individuals with WS initially present with autoantibody-negative type 1 DM (type 1B DM; T1BDM). The diagnosis is often delayed or misdiagnosed, even after visual impairment becomes apparent. We report a case of WS diagnosed by ophthalmologic screening before the appearance of visual impairment. A 7-year-old male patient developed T1BDM at the age of 3 years. At 6 years of age, his endogenous insulin secretion decreased but was not completely absent, and glycemic control was good with insulin treatment. Fundus examination at that time revealed optic nerve head pallor, and WFS1 gene analysis confirmed a compound heterozygous variant (c.2483delinsGGA/c.1247T>A). Ophthalmological screening can help in early diagnosis of WS in T1BDM, especially when endogenous insulin secretion is preserved, which would facilitate effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kokumai
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Suzuki
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hinako Yamamura
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tokuo Mukai
- Japanese Red Cross Asahikawa Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanahashi
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
- Wakkanai City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Wakkanai, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa, Japan
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Morikawa S, Tanabe K, Kaneko N, Hishimura N, Nakamura A. Comprehensive overview of disease models for Wolfram syndrome: toward effective treatments. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:1-12. [PMID: 38351344 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (OMIM 222300) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a devastating array of symptoms, including diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, hearing loss, and neurological dysfunction. The discovery of the causative gene, WFS1, has propelled research on this disease. However, a comprehensive understanding of the function of WFS1 remains unknown, making the development of effective treatment a pressing challenge. To bridge these knowledge gaps, disease models for Wolfram syndrome are indispensable, and understanding the characteristics of each model is critical. This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding WFS1 function and offer a comprehensive overview of established disease models for Wolfram syndrome, covering animal models such as mice, rats, flies, and zebrafish, along with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cellular models. These models replicate key aspects of Wolfram syndrome, contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and providing a platform for discovering potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Morikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Haematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Menon JC, Singh P, Archana A, Singh P, Mittal M, Kanga U, Mandal K, Seth A, Bhatia V, Dabadghao P, Sudhanshu S, Garg A, Vishwakarma R, Sarangi AN, Verma S, Singh SK, Bhatia E. High Frequency of Recessive WFS1 Mutations Among Indian Children With Islet Antibody-negative Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1072-e1082. [PMID: 37931151 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the frequency of islet antibody-negative (idiopathic) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is reported to be increased in Indian children, its aetiology has not been studied. We investigated the role of monogenic diabetes in the causation of islet antibody-negative T1DM. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 169 Indian children (age 1-18 years) with recent-onset T1DM. All were tested for antibodies against GAD65, islet antigen-2, and zinc transporter 8 using validated ELISA. Thirty-four islet antibody-negative children underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for 31 genes implicated in monogenic diabetes using the Illumina platform. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Thirty-five (21%) children were negative for all islet antibodies. Twelve patients (7% of entire cohort, 34% of patients with islet antibody-negative T1DM) were detected to have pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. The most frequently affected locus was WFS1, with 9 patients (5% of entire cohort, 26% of islet antibody-negative). These included 7 children with homozygous and 1 patient each with a compound heterozygous and heterozygous mutation. Children with Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS) presented with severe insulin-requiring diabetes (including 3 patients with ketoacidosis), but other syndromic manifestations were not detected. In 3 patients, heterozygous mutations in HNF4A, ABCC8, and PTF1A loci were detected. CONCLUSION Nearly one-quarter of Indian children with islet antibody-negative T1DM had recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. These patients did not exhibit other features of WS at the time of diagnosis. Testing for monogenic diabetes, especially WS, should be considered in Indian children with antibody-negative T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan C Menon
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Archana Archana
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India
| | - Medha Mittal
- Department of Paediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalay, Delhi 110031, India
| | - Uma Kanga
- Department of Immunogenetics and Transplant Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Anju Seth
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Preeti Dabadghao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Siddhnath Sudhanshu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Atul Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Ruchira Vishwakarma
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Aditya Narayan Sarangi
- Department of Genome Analytics, BaseSolve Informatics Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujrat 380006, India
| | - Shivendra Verma
- Department of General Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Surya Kumar Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Eesh Bhatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
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5
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Xie Y, Xia Y, Xie Z, Huang G, Fan L, Zhou Z, Li X. Type 2 Diabetes Family History as a Significant Index on the Clinical Heterogeneity Differentiation in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1633-e1641. [PMID: 37319368 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important but neglected parameter; however, its role in identifying the heterogeneity and subtypes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of family history of T2D on the clinical phenotype of T1D patients and evaluated its value in T1D classification. METHODS A total of 1410 T1D patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Information on family history of T2D in first-degree relatives (FDRs) was collected by research nurses using a semi-structured questionnaire as previously described. The effect of family history of T2D on clinical characteristics was evaluated in overall and subgroups of T1D patients stratified by islet autoantibodies, onset age, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. Cluster analysis was performed to identify family history of T2D-related subgroups. RESULTS A total of 10% (141/1410) of patients had at least 1 FDR diagnosed with T2D. A milder phenotype associated with family history of T2D was present in overall T1D patients, including older onset age (P < .001), higher body mass index (P < .001), higher fasting and postprandial C-peptide levels (all P < .01), lower positive rates of all islet autoantibodies, and susceptible HLA genotypes (all P < .05). Clinical heterogeneity associated with family history of T2D in the T1D subgroup stratified by autoimmunity, age of onset, and HLA genotypes was consistent. Using family history of T2D as a cluster variable, T1D patients were divided into 5 clusters, and patients in the T2D family history cluster displayed a milder phenotype than others. CONCLUSION Family history of T2D should be considered as an important indicator for precise subclassification of T1D patients based on clinical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Xia Y, Xie Z, Huang G, Fan L, Zhou Z, Li X. Prevalence, clinical characteristics and HLA genotypes of idiopathic type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3676. [PMID: 37337767 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Idiopathic type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a neglected subtype of T1D. Our aim was to investigate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes of idiopathic T1D. METHODS We enrolled 1205 newly diagnosed T1D patients in our analysis. To exclude monogenic diabetes in autoantibody-negative patients, we utilised a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel. Individuals negative for autoantibodies and subsequently excluded for monogenic diabetes were diagnosed with idiopathic T1D. We collected clinical characteristics, measured islet autoantibodies by radioligand assay and obtained HLA data. RESULTS After excluding 11 patients with monogenic diabetes, 284 cases were diagnosed with idiopathic T1D, accounting for 23.8% (284/1194) of all newly diagnosed T1D cases. When compared with autoimmune T1D, idiopathic T1D patients showed an older onset age, higher body mass index among adults, lower haemoglobin A1c, higher levels of fasting C-peptide and 2-h postprandial C-peptide, and were likely to have type 2 diabetes (T2D) family history and carry 0 susceptible HLA haplotype (all p < 0.01). A lower proportion of individuals carrying 2 susceptible HLA haplotypes in idiopathic T1D was observed in the adult-onset subgroup (15.7% vs. 38.0% in child-onset subgroup, p < 0.001) and in subgroup with preserved beta-cell function (11.0% vs. 30.1% in subgroup with poor beta-cell function, p < 0.001). Multivariable correlation analyses indicated that being overweight, having T2D family history and lacking susceptible HLA haplotypes were associated with negative autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic T1D represents about 1/4 of newly diagnosed T1D, with adult-onset and preserved beta-cell function patients showing lower HLA susceptibility and more insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li M, Popovic N, Wang Y, Chen C, Polychronakos C. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic diabetes; a challenge but also an opportunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:673-684. [PMID: 37165203 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD) account for about 3% of all diabetes, and their accurate diagnosis often results in life-changing therapeutic reassignment for the patients. Like other Mendelian diseases, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are often seen in several different types of MFD, where symptoms develop only in a portion of the persons who carry the pathogenic variant or vary widely in symptom severity and age of onset. This complicates diagnosis and disease management in MFD. In addition to its clinical importance, knowledge of genetic modifiers that confer penetrance and expressivity variability opens possibilities to identify protective genetic variants which may help probe the mechanisms of more common forms of diabetes and shed light in new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will mainly address penetrance and expressivity variation in different types of MFD, factors that confer such variations and opportunities that come with such knowledge. Related literature was searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Papers with publication year from 1974 to 2023 are included. Data are either sourced from literatures or from OMIM, Clinvar and 1000 genome browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China.
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
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Wang Y, Li MH, Wen XH, Liu MY, Lu YW, Gu Y, Zeng G, Zhao XF, Liu BH, Ji XM, Lu HL. Study of an Ultrasensitive Label-Free Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor Fabricated with a Composite Electrode for Detecting the Glutamate Decarboxylase Antibody. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37364058 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibody testing for the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody (GADA) is widely used as a golden standard for autoimmune diabetes diagnosis, while current methods for antibody testing are not sensitive enough for clinical usage. Here, a label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor for detecting GADA in autoimmune diabetes is fabricated and investigated. In the designed immunosensor, a composite film including the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared through nanofabrication processes to improve the performance of sensor. The MWCNTs, which can provide a larger specific surface area, ZnO as a good photocatalytic material, and AuNPs that can enhance the ECL signal of luminol and immobilize the GAD65 antigen were applied to prefunctionalize indium tin oxide (ITO) glass based on a nanofabrication process. The GADA concentration was detected using the ECL immunosensor after incubating with GAD65 antigen-coated prefunctionalized ITO glass. After a direct immunoreaction, it is found that the degree of decreased ECL intensity has a good linear regression toward the logarithm of the GADA concentration in the range of 0.01 to 50 ng mL-1 with a detection limit down to 10 pg mL-1. Human serum samples positive or negative for GADA all nicely fell in the expected area. The fabricated immunosensor with excellent sensitivity, specificity, and stability has potential capability for clinical usage in GADA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei-Hang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan-Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Li Y, Gong S, Li M, Cai X, Liu W, Zhang S, Ma Y, Luo Y, Zhou L, Zhang X, Huang X, Gao X, Hu M, Li Y, Ren Q, Wang Y, Zhou X, Han X, Ji L. The genetic and clinical characteristics of WFS1 related diabetes in Chinese early onset type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9127. [PMID: 37277527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common phenotypes of Wolfram syndrome owing to the presence of the variants of the WFS1 gene and is often misdiagnosed as other types of diabetes. We aimed to explore the prevalence of WFS1-related diabetes (WFS1-DM) and its clinical characteristics in a Chinese population with early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD). We sequenced all exons of the WFS1 gene in 690 patients with EOD (age at diagnosis ≤ 40 years) for rare variants. Pathogenicity was defined according to the standards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. We identified 33 rare variants predicted to be deleterious in 39 patients. The fasting [1.57(1.06-2.22) ng/ml] and postprandial C-peptide levels [2.8(1.75-4.46) ng/ml] of the patients with such WFS1 variations were lower than those of the patients without WFS1 variation [2.09(1.43-3.05) and 4.29(2.76-6.07) respectively, ng/ml]. Six (0.9%) patients carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants; they met the diagnostic criteria for WFS1-DM according to the latest guidelines, but typical phenotypes of Wolfram syndrome were seldom observed. They were diagnosed at an earlier age and usually presented with an absence of obesity, impaired beta cell function, and the need for insulin treatment. WFS1-DM is usually mistakenly diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, and genetic testing is helpful for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Siqian Gong
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Meng Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yumin Ma
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Beijing Pinggu Hospital, No·59, Xinping North Street, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yanai Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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10
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Gan NS, Oziębło D, Skarżyński H, Ołdak M. Monogenic Causes of Low-Frequency Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 28:327-337. [PMID: 37121227 DOI: 10.1159/000529464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss (LFNSHL) is a rare form of hearing loss (HL). It is defined as HL at low frequencies (≤2,000 Hz) resulting in a characteristic ascending audiogram. LFNSHL is usually diagnosed postlingually and is progressive, leading to HL affecting other frequencies as well. Sometimes it occurs with tinnitus. Around half of the diagnosed prelingual HL cases have a genetic cause and it is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. Postlingual HL caused by genetic changes generally has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and its incidence remains unknown. SUMMARY To date, only a handful of genes have been found as causing LFNSHL: well-established WFS1 and, reported in some cases, DIAPH1, MYO7A, TNC, and CCDC50 (respectively, responsible for DFNA6/14/38, DFNA1, DFNA11, DFNA56, and DFNA44). In this review, we set out audiological phenotypes, causative genetic changes, and molecular mechanisms leading to the development of LFNSHL. KEY MESSAGES LFNSHL is most commonly caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, but it is also important to consider changes in other HL genes, which may result in similar audiological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sara Gan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Carrera P, Marzinotto I, Bonfanti R, Massimino L, Calzavara S, Favellato Μ, Jofra T, De Giglio V, Bonura C, Stabilini A, Favalli V, Bondesan S, Cicalese MP, Laurenzi A, Caretto A, Frontino G, Rigamonti A, Molinari C, Scavini M, Sandullo F, Zapparoli E, Caridi N, Bonfiglio S, Castorani V, Ungaro F, Petrelli A, Barera G, Aiuti A, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Piemonti L, Lampasona V, Fousteri G. Genetic determinants of type 1 diabetes in individuals with weak evidence of islet autoimmunity at disease onset. Diabetologia 2023; 66:695-708. [PMID: 36692510 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet autoantibodies (AAbs) are detected in >90% of individuals with clinically suspected type 1 diabetes at disease onset. A single AAb, sometimes at low titre, is often detected in some individuals, making their diagnosis uncertain. Type 1 diabetes genetic risk scores (GRS) are a useful tool for discriminating polygenic autoimmune type 1 diabetes from other types of diabetes, particularly the monogenic forms, but testing is not routinely performed in the clinic. Here, we used a type 1 diabetes GRS to screen for monogenic diabetes in individuals with weak evidence of autoimmunity, i.e. with a single AAb at disease onset. METHODS In a pilot study, we genetically screened 142 individuals with suspected type 1 diabetes, 42 of whom were AAb-negative, 27 of whom had a single AAb (single AAb-positive) and 73 of whom had multiple AAbs (multiple AAb-positive) at disease onset. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 41 AAb-negative participants, 26 single AAb-positive participants and 60 multiple AAb-positive participants using an analysis pipeline of more than 200 diabetes-associated genes. RESULTS The type 1 diabetes GRS was significantly lower in AAb-negative individuals than in those with a single and multiple AAbs. Pathogenetic class 4/5 variants in MODY or monogenic diabetes genes were identified in 15/41 (36.6%) AAb-negative individuals, while class 3 variants of unknown significance were identified in 17/41 (41.5%). Residual C-peptide levels at diagnosis were higher in individuals with mutations compared to those without pathogenetic variants. Class 3 variants of unknown significance were found in 11/26 (42.3%) single AAb-positive individuals, and pathogenetic class 4/5 variants were present in 2/26 (7.7%) single AAb-positive individuals. No pathogenetic class 4/5 variants were identified in multiple AAb-positive individuals, but class 3 variants of unknown significance were identified in 19/60 (31.7%) patients. Several patients across the three groups had more than one class 3 variant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings provide insights into the genetic makeup of patients who show weak evidence of autoimmunity at disease onset. Absence of islet AAbs or the presence of a single AAb together with a low type 1 diabetes GRS may be indicative of a monogenic form of diabetes, and use of NGS may improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonfanti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Calzavara
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Jofra
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Clara Bonura
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Stabilini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Favalli
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Bondesan
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Laurenzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Amelia Caretto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Frontino
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rigamonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Scavini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Sandullo
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Zapparoli
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Caridi
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Barera
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Telethon, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Xie Z, Huang G, Fan L, Li X, Zhou Z. The impact of family history of type 2 diabetes on clinical heterogeneity in idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:417-425. [PMID: 36200314 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the clinical phenotypes of patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS In clinically diagnosed T1D cases, a total of 335 idopathic T1D patients were included in the study, after excluding autoimmune T1D using islet autoantibody testing and monogenic diabetes using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel obtained from clinically diagnosed T1D cases. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the presence of T2D in first-degree relatives. The demographic and metabolic markers of idiopathic T1D patients were analysed. Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate potential interactions between T2D family history and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes. RESULTS A total of 18.2% of individuals with idiopathic T1D had a T2D family history, and these individuals were more likely to have features associated with T2D, such as older age of onset, higher body mass index at diagnosis, lower insulin dosage and better beta-cell function, as indicated by higher levels of fasting C-peptide and 2-hour postprandial C-peptide (all P < 0.05). Additionally, regardless of HLA susceptible genotypes, the impact of family history of T2D was consistently observed in idiopathic T1D patients. Multivariable analyses showed that T2D family history was negatively correlated with the risk of beta-cell function failure in idiopathic T1D patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Family history of T2D may be implicated in the heterogeneity of idiopathic T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianrong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Rapini N, Patera PI, Schiaffini R, Ciampalini P, Pampanini V, Cristina MM, Deodati A, Bracaglia G, Porzio O, Ruta R, Novelli A, Mucciolo M, Cianfarani S, Barbetti F. Monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC): 3-year experience. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:61-70. [PMID: 36178555 PMCID: PMC9813184 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the pediatric diabetes clinic, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) account for more than 90% of cases, while monogenic forms represent about 6%. Many monogenic diabetes subtypes may respond to therapies other than insulin and have chronic diabetes complication prognosis that is different from T1D. With the aim of providing a better diagnostic pipeline and a tailored care for patients with monogenic diabetes, we set up a monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC). METHODS In the first 3 years of activity 97 patients with non-autoimmune forms of hyperglycemia were referred to MDC. Genetic testing was requested for 80 patients and 68 genetic reports were available for review. RESULTS In 58 subjects hyperglycemia was discovered beyond 1 year of age (Group 1) and in 10 before 1 year of age (Group 2). Genetic variants considered causative of hyperglycemia were identified in 25 and 6 patients of Group 1 and 2, respectively, with a pick up rate of 43.1% (25/58) for Group 1 and 60% (6/10) for Group 2 (global pick-up rate: 45.5%; 31/68). When we considered probands of Group 1 with a parental history of hyperglycemia, 58.3% (21/36) had a positive genetic test for GCK or HNF1A genes, while pick-up rate was 18.1% (4/22) in patients with mute family history for diabetes. Specific treatments for each condition were administered in most cases. CONCLUSION We conclude that MDC may contribute to provide a better diabetes care in the pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novella Rapini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia I Patera
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciampalini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pampanini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteoli M Cristina
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bracaglia
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Univerisity of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Ruta
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Mafalda Mucciolo
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00164, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00131, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Wang J, Wu W, Dong G, Huang K, Fu J. Pediatric diabetes in China: Challenges and actions. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:545-550. [PMID: 35419896 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric diabetes is growing in China. The annual incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is about 2.02-5.3 per 100,000 person-years. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing dramatically with the high-speed urbanization of China. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes varies from 1.64/100, 000 to 15.16/100,000 based on the geography and economy. Monogenic diabetes used to be underestimated in China and now more cases are emerging. In this review, we give an overview of pediatric diabetes in China, present the progresses and challenges in management of pediatric diabetes, and discuss the government policy and potential actions in China, for better life quality of diabetic families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Barbetti F, Rapini N, Schiaffini R, Bizzarri C, Cianfarani S. The application of precision medicine in monogenic diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:111-129. [PMID: 35230204 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2035216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monogenic diabetes, a form of diabetes mellitus, is caused by a mutation in a single gene and may account for 1-2% of all clinical forms of diabetes. To date, more than 40 loci have been associated with either isolated or syndromic monogenic diabetes. AREAS COVERED While the request of a genetic test is mandatory for cases with diabetes onset in the first 6 months of life, a decision may be difficult for childhood or adolescent diabetes. In an effort to assist the clinician in this task, we have grouped monogenic diabetes genes according to the age of onset (or incidental discovery) of hyperglycemia and described the additional clinical features found in syndromic diabetes. The therapeutic options available are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Technical improvements in DNA sequencing allow for rapid, simultaneous analysis of all genes involved in monogenic diabetes, progressively shrinking the area of unsolved cases. However, the complexity of the analysis of genetic data requires close cooperation between the geneticist and the diabetologist, who should play a proactive role by providing a detailed clinical phenotype that might match a specific disease gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Novella Rapini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Diabetology and Growth Disorders Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children Health, Karolisnska Institute and University Hospital, Sweden
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16
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Saint-Martin C, Bouvet D, Bastide M, Bellanné-Chantelot C. Gene Panel Sequencing of Patients With Monogenic Diabetes Brings to Light Genes Typically Associated With Syndromic Presentations. Diabetes 2022; 71:578-584. [PMID: 34556497 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene panel sequencing (NGS) offers the possibility of analyzing rare forms of monogenic diabetes (MgD). To that end, 18 genes were analyzed in 1,676 patients referred for maturity-onset diabetes of the young genetic testing. Among the 307 patients with a molecular diagnosis of MgD, 55 (17.9%) had a mutation in a gene associated with a genetic syndrome. Of the patients with mutations, 8% (n = 25) carried the m.3243A>G variant associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. At the time of referral very few had reported hearing loss or any other element of the typical syndromic presentation. Of the patients, 6% had mutation in HNF1B even though the typical extrapancreatic features were not known at the time of referral. Surprisingly, the third most prominent etiology in these rare forms was the WFS1 gene, accounting for 2.9% of the patients with pathogenic mutations (n = 9). None of them displayed a Wolfram syndrome presentation even though some features were reported in six of nine patients. To restrict the analysis of certain genes to patients with the respective specific phenotypes would be to miss those with partial presentations. These results therefore underlie the undisputable benefit of NGS strategies even though the situation implies cascade consequences both for the molecular biologist and for the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Saint-Martin
- DMU BioGEM, Sorbonne University, Department of Medical Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
- PRISIS Reference Center for Rare Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bouvet
- DMU BioGEM, Sorbonne University, Department of Medical Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
- PRISIS Reference Center for Rare Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mathilda Bastide
- DMU BioGEM, Sorbonne University, Department of Medical Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- DMU BioGEM, Sorbonne University, Department of Medical Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
- PRISIS Reference Center for Rare Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Diseases, Paris, France
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Rafique I, Mir A, Siddiqui S, Saqib MAN, Fawwad A, Marchand L, Adnan M, Naeem M, Basit A, Polychronakos C. Comprehensive genetic screening reveals wide spectrum of genetic variants in monogenic forms of diabetes among Pakistani population. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1957-1966. [PMID: 34888019 PMCID: PMC8613659 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenic forms of diabetes (MFD) are single gene disorders. Their diagnosis is challenging, and symptoms overlap with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
AIM To identify the genetic variants responsible for MFD in the Pakistani population and their frequencies.
METHODS A total of 184 patients suspected of having MFD were enrolled. The inclusion criterion was diabetes with onset below 25 years of age. Brief demographic and clinical information were taken from the participants. The maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) probability score was calculated, and glutamate decarboxylase ELISA was performed. Antibody negative patients and features resembling MODY were selected (n = 28) for exome sequencing to identify the pathogenic variants.
RESULTS A total of eight missense novel or very low-frequency variants were identified in 7 patients. Three variants were found in genes for MODY, i.e. HNF1A (c.169C>A, p.Leu57Met), KLF11 (c.401G>C, p.Gly134Ala), and HNF1B (c.1058C>T, p.Ser353Leu). Five variants were found in genes other than the 14 known MODY genes, i.e. RFX6 (c.919G>A, p.Glu307Lys), WFS1 (c.478G>A, p.Glu160Lys) and WFS1 (c.517G>A, p.Glu173Lys), RFX6 (c.1212T>A, p.His404Gln) and ZBTB20 (c.1049G>A, p.Arg350His).
CONCLUSION The study showed wide spectrum of genetic variants potentially causing MFD in the Pakistani population. The MODY genes prevalent in European population (GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4a) were not found to be common in our population. Identification of novel variants will further help to understand the role of different genes causing the pathogenicity in MODY patient and their proper management and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Rafique
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Development and Coordination, Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mir
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shajee Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan, Pakistan
| | | | - Asher Fawwad
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi 74600, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Luc Marchand
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- PHRC Research Centre, FJMU, Pakistan Health Research Council, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi 74600, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
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Rafique I, Mir A, Saqib MAN, Naeem M, Marchand L, Polychronakos C. Causal variants in Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) - A systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:223. [PMID: 34763692 PMCID: PMC8582101 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is an autosomal dominant type of diabetes. Pathogenic variants in fourteen genes are reported as causes of MODY. Its symptoms overlap with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Reviews for clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments are available but a comprehensive list of genetic variants, is lacking. Therefore this study was designed to collect all the causal variants involved in MODY, reported to date. METHODS We searched PubMed from its date of inception to December 2019. The search terms we used included disease names and name of all the known genes involved. The ClinVar database was also searched for causal variants in the known 14 MODY genes. RESULTS The record revealed 1647 studies and among them, 326 studies were accessed for full-text. Finally, 239 studies were included, as per our inclusion criteria. A total of 1017 variants were identified through literature review and 74 unpublished variants from Clinvar database. The gene most commonly affected was GCK, followed by HNF1a. The traditional Sanger sequencing was used in 76 % of the cases and 65 % of the studies were conducted in last 10 years. Variants from countries like Jordan, Oman and Tunisia reported that the MODY types prevalent worldwide were not common in their countries. CONCLUSIONS We expect that this paper will help clinicians interpret MODY genetics results with greater confidence. Discrepancies in certain middle-eastern countries need to be investigated as other genes or factors, like consanguinity may be involved in developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Rafique
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Graduate Research Trainee, Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Research Officer, Pakistan Health Research Council, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mir
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Luc Marchand
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Li M, Rivière JB, Polychronakos C. Why all MODY variants are dominantly inherited: a hypothesis. Trends Genet 2021; 38:321-324. [PMID: 34696899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes in the young (MODY) comprises monogenic phenotypes of young-onset, insulinopenic diabetes. All its forms are dominantly inherited. Why? Are the pancreatic β cells only harmed by heterozygous variants? We propose that recessive MODYs do exist but have escaped detection due to lack of family history suggestive of monogenic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- Clinical Research Center, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming 52500, Guangdong, China; The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, China; Zhejiang MaiDa Gene Tech, 68 Xinchi road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, 855 Xingye East Road, Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Zhejiang MaiDa Gene Tech, 68 Xinchi road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China; Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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20
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Gamu D, Gibson WT. Searching for Monogenic Diabetes in a High-risk Autoimmune Diabetes Cohort: Needles in a Paperclip Stack. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3266-e3268. [PMID: 33860317 PMCID: PMC8277215 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gamu
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: William T. Gibson, MD, PhD (Cantab), FRCPC, FCCMG, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia; BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. E-mail:
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21
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Marchand L, Li M, Leblicq C, Rafique I, Alarcon-Martinez T, Lange C, Rendon L, Tam E, Courville-Le Bouyonnec A, Polychronakos C. Monogenic Causes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Cohort: Low Genetic Risk for Autoimmunity in Case Selection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1804-1810. [PMID: 33538814 PMCID: PMC8118360 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS About 1% of patients clinically diagnosed as type 1 diabetes have non-autoimmune monogenic diabetes. The distinction has important therapeutic implications but, given the low prevalence and high cost of testing, selecting patients to test is important. We tested the hypothesis that low genetic risk for type 1 diabetes can substantially contribute to this selection. METHODS As proof of principle, we examined by exome sequencing families with 2 or more children, recruited by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) and selected for negativity for 2 autoantibodies and absence of risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes. RESULTS We examined 46 families that met the criteria. Of the 17 with an affected parent, 7 (41.2%) had actionable monogenic variants. Of 29 families with no affected parent, 14 (48.3%) had such variants, including 5 with recessive pathogenic variants of WFS1 but no report of other features of Wolfram syndrome. Our approach diagnosed 55.8% of the estimated number of monogenic families in the entire T1DGC cohort, by sequencing only 11.1% of the autoantibody-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS Our findings justify proceeding to large-scale prospective screening studies using markers of autoimmunity, even in the absence of an affected parent. We also confirm that nonsyndromic WFS1 variants are common among cases of monogenic diabetes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Marchand
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meihang Li
- Clinical Research Center, Maoming People’s Hospital, Guangdong, China
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
- Meihang Li, PhD, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Coralie Leblicq
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ibrar Rafique
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tugba Alarcon-Martinez
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claire Lange
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Rendon
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily Tam
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ariane Courville-Le Bouyonnec
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
- Correspondence: Constantin Polychronakos, MD, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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22
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Delvecchio M, Iacoviello M, Pantaleo A, Resta N. Clinical Spectrum Associated with Wolfram Syndrome Type 1 and Type 2: A Review on Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094796. [PMID: 33946243 PMCID: PMC8124476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that is typically characterized by diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Other common features are diabetes insipidus and hearing loss, but additional less-frequent findings may also be present. The phenotype spectrum is quite wide, and penetrance may be incomplete. The syndrome is progressive, and thus, the clinical picture may change during follow-up. Currently, two different subtypes of this syndrome have been described, and they are associated with two different disease-genes, wolframin (WFS1) and CISD2. These genes encode a transmembrane protein and an endoplasmic reticulum intermembrane protein, respectively. These genes are detected in different organs and account for the pleiotropic features of this syndrome. In this review, we describe the phenotypes of both syndromes and discuss the most pertinent literature about the genotype–phenotype correlation. The clinical presentation of Wolfram syndrome type 1 suggests that the pathogenic variant does not predict the phenotype. There are few papers on Wolfram syndrome type 2 and, thus, predicting the phenotype on the basis of genotype is not yet supported. We also discuss the most pertinent approach to gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Delvecchio
- Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-0559-6771
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (A.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (A.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (A.P.); (N.R.)
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Vaxillaire M, Bonnefond A, Liatis S, Ben Salem Hachmi L, Jotic A, Boissel M, Gaget S, Durand E, Vaillant E, Derhourhi M, Canouil M, Larcher N, Allegaert F, Medlej R, Chadli A, Belhadj A, Chaieb M, Raposo JF, Ilkova H, Loizou D, Lalic N, Vassallo J, Marre M, Froguel P. Monogenic diabetes characteristics in a transnational multicenter study from Mediterranean countries. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 171:108553. [PMID: 33242514 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of monogenic diabetes has important clinical implications for treatment and health expenditure. However, its prevalence remains to be specified in many countries, particularly from South Europe, North Africa and Middle-East, where non-autoimmune diabetes in young adults is increasing dramatically. AIMS To identify cases of monogenic diabetes in young adults from Mediterranean countries and assess the specificities between countries. METHODS We conducted a transnational multicenter study based on exome sequencing in 204 unrelated patients with diabetes (age-at-diagnosis: 26.1 ± 9.1 years). Rare coding variants in 35 targeted genes were evaluated for pathogenicity. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, chi-squared test and factor analysis of mixed data. RESULTS Forty pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, 14 of which novel, were identified in 36 patients yielding a genetic diagnosis rate of 17.6%. The majority of cases were due to GCK, HNF1A, ABCC8 and HNF4A variants. We observed highly variable diagnosis rates according to countries, with association to genetic ancestry. Lower body mass index and HbA1c at study inclusion, and less frequent insulin treatment were hallmarks of pathogenic variant carriers. Treatment changes following genetic diagnosis have been made in several patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data from patients in several Mediterranean countries highlight a broad clinical and genetic spectrum of diabetes, showing the relevance of wide genetic testing for personalized care of early-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Leila Ben Salem Hachmi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institut of Nutrition, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Larcher
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Allegaert
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Asma Chadli
- Department of Endocrinology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Azzedine Belhadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Dr Ben Badis University Hospital, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Molka Chaieb
- Department of Endocrinology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Hasan Ilkova
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nebojsa Lalic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Josanne Vassallo
- Division of Endocrinology and University of Malta Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Michel Marre
- Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; UFR de Médecine, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Huang J, Zhu L, Bai X, Jia X, Lu Y, Deng A, Li J, Jin S. Multidimensional Analysis of Risk Factors for the Severity and Mortality of Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:981-1002. [PMID: 33113119 PMCID: PMC7591692 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common comorbidities of COVID-19. We aimed to conduct a multidimensional analysis of risk factors associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. Methods In this retrospective study involving 1443 patients with COVID-19, we analyzed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and risk factors associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. The 84-day survival duration for critical patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who had different levels of leukocytes and neutrophils, or treated with immunoglobulin or not, was conducted using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results Of the 1443 patients with COVID-19, 256 (17.7%) had diabetes, had a median age of 66.0 [IQR 58.0–73.8] years, and were more likely to develop severe (41.8% vs. 35.6%) and critical disease (34.0% vs. 14.9%), followed by higher mortality (21.1% vs. 7.0%), than those without diabetes. Higher levels of leukocytes (> 5.37 × 109/L), older age, and comorbid cerebrovascular disease and chronic renal disease independently contributed to in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. Leukocytes > 5.37 × 109/L and the application of immunoglobulin were associated with shorter survival duration and lower mortality, respectively, in critical patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. Conclusions More attention should be paid to patients with COVID-19 and diabetes, especially when they have high leukocyte counts (> 5.37 × 109/L). Timely and adequate intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use may reduce the mortality of critical patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40121-020-00359-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China.,Department of Personnel, Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangli Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, Hubei, China.
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25
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Abstract
Monogenic diabetes, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young, neonatal diabetes, and other rare forms of diabetes, results from a single gene mutation. It has been estimated to represent around 1% to 6% of all diabetes. With the advances in genome sequencing technology, it is possible to diagnose more monogenic diabetes cases than ever before. In Korea, 11 studies have identified several monogenic diabetes cases, using Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing since 2001. The recent largest study, using targeted exome panel sequencing, found a molecular diagnosis rate of 21.1% for monogenic diabetes in clinically suspected patients. Mutations in glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A), and HNF4A were most commonly found. Genetic diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is important as it determines the therapeutic approach required for patients and helps to identify affected family members. However, there are still many challenges, which include a lack of simple clinical criterion for selecting patients for genetic testing, difficulties in interpreting the genetic test results, and high costs for genetic testing. In this review, we will discuss the latest updates on monogenic diabetes in Korea, and suggest an algorithm to screen patients for genetic testing. The genetic tests and non-genetic markers for accurate diagnosis of monogenic diabetes will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyong Soo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea E-mail:
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26
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Ding Y, Li N, Lou D, Zhang Q, Chang G, Li J, Li X, Li Q, Huang X, Wang J, Jiang F, Wang X. Clinical and genetic analysis in a Chinese cohort of children and adolescents with diabetes/persistent hyperglycemia. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:48-62. [PMID: 32531870 PMCID: PMC7779271 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction To investigate the genetic etiology and evaluate the diagnostic application of next‐generation sequencing for diabetes/persistent hyperglycemia in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods Patients with diabetes/persistent hyperglycemia, presenting with at least one other clinical manifestation (other than diabetes) or with a family history of diabetes, were recruited. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were recorded. Next‐generation sequencing was carried out, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Variant pathogenicity was further evaluated according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Results This study included 101 potential probands, 36 of whom were identified as positive by genetic testing. A further 51.2 and 20.9% of variants were determined to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, respectively. Variants associated with the disease were primarily identified in 21 genes and three regions of copy number variants. Among the 39 variants in 21 genes, 61.5% (24/39) were novel. The genetic diagnosis of 23 patients was confirmed based on genetic evidence and associated clinical manifestations. We reported GCK variants (21.7%, 5/23) as the most common etiology in our cohort. Different clinical manifestations were observed in one family with WFS1 variants. Conclusions Our findings support the use of next‐generation sequencing as a standard method in patients with diabetes/persistent hyperglycemia and provide insights into the etiologies of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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