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Yang Z, Liu F, Bai J, Ye Z, Yin J, Peng T, Shan H, Yu Y, Zhou P, Li R. Circ_0115118 regulates endometrial functions through the miR-138-1-3p/WDFY2 axis in patients with PCOS†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:744-757. [PMID: 36780172 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the endometria of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the role of aberrant circ_0115118 expression in endometrial dysfunction in patients with PCOS. CircRNA microarray hybridization and bioinformatic analyses were performed to determine the expression patterns of circRNAs in the endometria of patients with or without PCOS, the expression of target circRNA was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to detect cellular proliferative, invasive, and migratory capacities. The influence of the circRNA on decidualization was explored by real-time PCR. Animal models were established to investigate the regulatory effect of the circRNA on embryo implantation. Downstream microRNAs and genes were predicted using bioinformatic websites and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR, and western blotting. In the endometria of patients with PCOS, there were 113 differentially expressed circRNAs in the secretory phase and 1119 differentially expressed circRNAs in the proliferative phase. The expression of circ_0115118 was significantly higher in endometrial stromal cells during the proliferative phase in patients with PCOS, leading to inhibition of cellular mobilization and embryo implantation. In addition, circ_0115118 exerted effects by sponging miR-138-1-3p, subsequently increasing the expression of WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 (WDFY2). Circ_0115118 expression is dysregulated in the endometria of patients with PCOS and adversely affects endometrial function. Our findings reveal that circ_0115118 may be a potential therapeutic target to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fenting Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Bai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianliu Peng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen N, Feng L, Gao J, Zeng N, He Z, Gong Q. Icariside II Exerts Anti-Type 2 Diabetic Effect by Targeting PPARα/γ: Involvement of ROS/NF-κB/IRS1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091705. [PMID: 36139776 PMCID: PMC9495514 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multisystem and complex metabolic disorder which is associated with insulin resistance and impairments of pancreatic β-cells. Previous studies have shown that icariside II (ICS II), one of the main active ingredients of Herba Epimedii, exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In this study, we investigated whether ICS II exerted anti-T2DM profile and further explored its possible underlying mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. db/db mice were administered ICS II (10, 20, 40 mg·kg−1) for 7 weeks. We found that ICS II dose-dependently attenuated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, as well as inhibited hepatic steatosis and islet architecture damage in db/db mice. Moreover, ICS II not only dramatically reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, but also up-regulated PPARα/γ protein expressions, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β and IR, meanwhile, down-regulated phosphorylation of NF-κB(p65) and IRS1 in db/db mice. In palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 or MIN6 cells, ICS II (5−20 μM) concentration-dependently promoted the cell viability via mediating PPARα/γ/NF-κB signaling pathway. PPARα/γ knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 system partly abolished the protective effects of ICS II on HepG2 or MIN6 cells following PA insults. These findings reveal that ICS II effectively confer anti-T2DM property by targeting PPARα/γ through mediation of ROS/NF-κB/IRS1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yeli Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Nana Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Linying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhixu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-851-286-423-03
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Bi X, Huang J, Zhou L. The Insulin Receptor: An Important Target for the Development of Novel Medicines and Pesticides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147793. [PMID: 35887136 PMCID: PMC9325136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane protein that is activated by ligands in insulin signaling pathways. The IR has been considered as a novel therapeutic target for clinical intervention, considering the overexpression of its protein and A-isoform in multiple cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Meanwhile, it may also serve as a potential target in pest management due to its multiple physiological influences in insects. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural and molecular biology of the IR, functions of IRs in humans and insects, physiological and nonpeptide small molecule modulators of the IR, and the regulating mechanisms of the IR. Xenobiotic compounds and the corresponding insecticidal chemicals functioning on the IR are also discussed. This review is expected to provide useful information for a better understanding of human IR-related diseases, as well as to facilitate the development of novel small-molecule activators and inhibitors of the IR for use as medicines or pesticides.
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Highland HM, Wojcik GL, Graff M, Nishimura KK, Hodonsky CJ, Baldassari AR, Cote AC, Cheng I, Gignoux CR, Tao R, Li Y, Boerwinkle E, Fornage M, Haessler J, Hindorff LA, Hu Y, Justice AE, Lin BM, Lin D, Stram DO, Haiman CA, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L, Matise TC, Kenny EE, Carlson CS, Stahl EA, Avery CL, North KE, Ambite JL, Buyske S, Loos RJ, Peters U, Young KL, Bien SA, Huckins LM. Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:669-679. [PMID: 35263625 PMCID: PMC9069067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism by which genetic factors influence complex traits and diseases is altering gene expression. Direct measurement of gene expression in relevant tissues is rarely tenable; however, genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) can be estimated using prediction models derived from large multi-omic datasets. These approaches have led to the discovery of many gene-trait associations, but whether models derived from predominantly European ancestry (EA) reference panels can map novel associations in ancestrally diverse populations remains unclear. We applied PrediXcan to impute GReX in 51,520 ancestrally diverse Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) participants (35% African American, 45% Hispanic/Latino, 10% Asian, and 7% Hawaiian) across 25 key cardiometabolic traits and relevant tissues to identify 102 novel associations. We then compared associations in PAGE to those in a random subset of 50,000 White British participants from UK Biobank (UKBB50k) for height and body mass index (BMI). We identified 517 associations across 47 tissues in PAGE but not UKBB50k, demonstrating the importance of diverse samples in identifying trait-associated GReX. We observed that variants used in PrediXcan models were either more or less differentiated across continental-level populations than matched-control variants depending on the specific population reflecting sampling bias. Additionally, variants from identified genes specific to either PAGE or UKBB50k analyses were more ancestrally differentiated than those in genes detected in both analyses, underlining the value of population-specific discoveries. This suggests that while EA-derived transcriptome imputation models can identify new associations in non-EA populations, models derived from closely matched reference panels may yield further insights. Our findings call for more diversity in reference datasets of tissue-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Katherine K Nishimura
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Antoine R Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alanna C Cote
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, NIH National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Bridget M Lin
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Tara C Matise
- Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jose Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA
| | - Ruth J Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 14068, USA.
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Han L, Du M, Ren F, Mao X. Milk Polar Lipids Supplementation to Obese Rats During Pregnancy and Lactation Benefited Skeletal Outcomes of Male Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001208. [PMID: 34008920 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary intervention to obese dams during pregnancy and lactation period provides avenues for improving metabolic profiles of the offspring. In the current study, the effects of polar lipids-enriched milk fat globule membrane (MFGM-PL) supplementation to obese dams during pregnancy and lactation on the skeletal outcomes of male offspring are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS MFGM-PL is supplemented to obese rats induced by high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 body weight. Results show that maternal MFGM-PL supplementation significantly ameliorates the stunted skeletal growth of male offspring at weaning. In adulthood offspring, maternal MFGM-PL supplementation protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone microstructure degeneration and bone marrow adipocyte accumulation. Further investigation shows that maternal supplementation of MFGM-PL significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and increases the mRNA expression of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in the hypothalamus of HFD offspring. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis is subsequently enhanced in MFGM-PL + HFD offspring, contributing to the beneficial skeletal outcomes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that maternal MFGM-PL supplementation of HFD dam during pregnancy and lactation shows desirable effects on fetal skeletal development, with lasting beneficial programming impacts on skeletal outcomes of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision, Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision, Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision, Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Bao F, Hao P, An S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Hao Q, Ejaz M, Guo XX, Xu TR. Akt scaffold proteins: the key to controlling specificity of Akt signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C429-C442. [PMID: 34161152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00146.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Akt kinase is at the center of this signaling pathway and interacts with a variety of proteins. Akt is overexpressed in almost 80% of tumors. However, inhibiting Akt has serious clinical side effects so is not a suitable treatment for cancer. During recent years, Akt scaffold proteins have received increasing attention for their ability to regulate Akt signaling and have emerged as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this paper, we categorize Akt kinase scaffold proteins into four groups based on their cellular location: membrane-bound activator and inhibitor, cytoplasm, and endosome. We describe how these scaffolds interact with Akt kinase, how they affect Akt activity, and how they regulate the specificity of Akt signaling. We also discuss the clinical application of Akt scaffold proteins as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Center of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peiqi Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mubashir Ejaz
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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He T, Zhang X, Hao J, Ding S. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Non-neoplastic Digestive Disease: More Than Just Tumor Suppressor. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684529. [PMID: 34140896 PMCID: PMC8204087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, which acts through its unique protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN protein is widely distributed and exhibits complex biological functions and regulatory modes. It is involved in the regulation of cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration through a variety of signaling pathways. The role of PTEN in malignant tumors of the digestive system is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that PTEN may be closely related to many other benign processes in digestive organs. Emerging evidence suggests that PTEN is a potential therapeutic target in the context of several non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract. The recent discovery of PTEN isoforms is expected to help unravel more biological effects of PTEN in non-neoplastic digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Sajan MP, Hansen BC, Acevedo‐Duncan M, Kindy MS, Cooper DR, Farese RV. Roles of hepatic atypical protein kinase C hyperactivity and hyperinsulinemia in insulin-resistant forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:3-16. [PMID: 34766133 PMCID: PMC8491214 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (DIO/MetS/T2DM), and their adverse sequelae have reached pandemic levels. In mice, DIO/MetS/T2DM initiation involves diet-dependent increases in lipids that activate hepatic atypical PKC (aPKC) and thereby increase lipogenic enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. These or other hepatic aberrations, via adverse liver-to-muscle cross talk, rapidly impair postreceptor insulin signaling to glucose transport in muscle. The ensuing hyperinsulinemia further activates hepatic aPKC, which first blocks the ability of Akt to suppress gluconeogenic enzyme expression, and later impairs Akt activation, further increasing hepatic glucose production. Recent findings suggest that hepatic aPKC also increases a proteolytic enzyme that degrades insulin receptors. Fortunately, all hepatic aberrations and muscle impairments are prevented/reversed by inhibition or deficiency of hepatic aPKC. But, in the absence of treatment, hyperinsulinemia induces adverse events, some by using "spare receptors" to bypass receptor defects. Thus, in brain, hyperinsulinemia increases Aβ-plaque precursors and Alzheimer risk; in kidney, hyperinsulinemia activates the renin-angiotensin-adrenal axis, thus increasing vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and cardiovascular risk; and in liver, hyperinsulinemia increases lipogenesis, obesity, hepatosteatosis, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular risk. In summary, increases in hepatic aPKC are critically required for development of DIO/MetS/T2DM and its adverse sequelae, and therapeutic approaches that limit hepatic aPKC may be particularly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini P. Sajan
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Barbara C. Hansen
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mildred Acevedo‐Duncan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Denise R. Cooper
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Robert V. Farese
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
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