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Luna-Marco C, Devos D, Cacace J, Fernandez-Reyes M, Díaz-Pozo P, Salazar JD, Solá E, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM, Rovira-Llopis S. Molecular circadian clock disruption in the leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight, and its relationship with leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Diabetologia 2024; 67:2316-2328. [PMID: 38981930 PMCID: PMC11446997 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Alterations in circadian rhythms increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and CVD. Circadian rhythms are controlled by several core clock genes, which are expressed in nearly every cell, including immune cells. Immune cells are key players in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and participate in the atherosclerotic process that underlies cardiovascular risk in these patients. The role of the core clock in the leukocytes of people with type 2 diabetes and the inflammatory process associated with it are unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether the molecular clock system is impaired in the leukocytes of type 2 diabetes patients and to explore the mechanism by which this alteration leads to an increased cardiovascular risk in this population. METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study performed in 25 participants with type 2 diabetes and 28 healthy control participants. Clinical and biochemical parameters were obtained. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated using magnetic bead technology. RNA and protein lysates were obtained to assess clock-related gene transcript and protein levels using real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Luminex XMAP technology was used to assess levels of inflammatory markers. Leukocyte-endothelial interaction assays were performed by perfusing participants' leukocytes or THP-1 cells (with/without CLK8) over a HUVEC monolayer in a parallel flow chamber using a dynamic adhesion system. RESULTS Participants with type 2 diabetes showed increased BMAL1 and NR1D1 mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), phosphorylated basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (p-BMAL1) and period circadian protein homologue 2 (PER2). Correlation studies revealed that these alterations in clock proteins were negatively associated with glucose, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR levels and leukocyte cell counts. The leukocyte rolling velocity was reduced and rolling flux and adhesion were enhanced in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy participants. Interestingly, inhibition of CLOCK/BMAL1 activity in leukocytes using the CLOCK inhibitor CLK8 mimicked the effects of type 2 diabetes on leukocyte-endothelial interactions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates alterations in the molecular clock system in leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes, manifested in increased mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of the core clock machinery. These alterations correlated with the impaired metabolic and proinflammatory profile of the participants with type 2 diabetes. Our findings support a causal role for decreased CLOCK/BMAL1 activity in the increased level of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Overall, our data suggest that alterations in core clock proteins accelerate the inflammatory process, which may ultimately precipitate the onset of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Deédeni Devos
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Cacace
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Meylin Fernandez-Reyes
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan D Salazar
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Solá
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
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Kaur P, Dahiya R, Nandave M, Sharma K, Goyal RK. Unveiling the crucial role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in secondary diabetic complications. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4037. [PMID: 38736204 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with secondary complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy (DN), and cardiomyopathy (DCM), all of which significantly impact patient health. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction, both crucial in the pathogenesis of these complications. The goal of this review is to investigate at potential therapy methods that target ICAM-1 pathways and to better understand the multifaceted role of ICAM-1 in secondary diabetic problems. A meticulous analysis of scholarly literature published globally was conducted to examine ICAM-1involvement in inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress related to diabetes and its complications. Elevated ICAM-1 levels are strongly associated with augmented leukocyte adhesion, compromised microvascular function, and heightened oxidative stress in diabetes. These pathways contribute significantly to DR, DN, and DCM pathogenesis, highlighting ICAM-1 as a key player in their progression. Understanding ICAM-1 role in secondary diabetic complications offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting ICAM-1 pathways may mitigate inflammation, improve endothelial function, and ultimately attenuate diabetic complications, thereby enhancing patient health outcomes. Continued research in this area is crucial for developing effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhnain Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Dahiya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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3
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Liu L, Chen P, Xiao N, Liu Q, Zhu X. Interleukin-8 predicts short-term mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with hepatitis B-related-related cirrhosis background. Ann Med 2023; 55:2287708. [PMID: 38052052 PMCID: PMC10836280 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2287708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinctive and severe syndrome, marked by an excessive systemic inflammatory response. In vivo, interleukin 8 (IL-8) is an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine. We aimed to investigate the value of serum IL-8 levels in predicting mortality in ACLF patients in the background of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. METHODS In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical baseline characteristics of 276 patients with ACLF in the context of HBV-related cirrhosis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for short-, intermediate-, and long-term mortality. Using these independent risk factors, we developed a nomogram model, which was subsequently validated. To assess the clinical usefulness of the nomogram model, we performed decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Out of the 276 patients with ACLF, 98 (35.5%), 113 (40.9%), and 128 (46.4%) died within 28, 90, and 180 days, respectively. Serum IL-8 levels were only an independent predictor of 28-day mortality and could simply classify ACLF patients. Conversely, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HBV-DNA, and COSHACLF IIs were independent predictors of mortality across all three observation periods. We constructed a nomogram based on IL-8 that was able to visualise and predict 28-day mortality with a C-index of 0.901 (95% CI: 0.862-0.940). Our calibration curves, Predicted Probability of Death & Actual Survival Status plot, and Confusion Matrix demonstrated the nomogram model's strong predictive power. DCA indicated the nomogram's promising clinical utility in predicting 28-day mortality in ACLF patients. CONCLUSION Serum IL-8 levels predict short-term mortality in ACLF patients in the background of HBV-associated cirrhosis, and the developed Nomogram model has strong predictive power and good clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nanxi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Luna-Marco C, de Marañon AM, Hermo-Argibay A, Rodriguez-Hernandez Y, Hermenejildo J, Fernandez-Reyes M, Apostolova N, Vila J, Sola E, Morillas C, Rovira-Llopis S, Rocha M, Victor VM. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102849. [PMID: 37591012 PMCID: PMC10457591 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to metabolic, mitochondrial and inflammatory alterations, atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2D patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 2 diabetic patients (255) and control subjects (175) were recruited, paired by age and sex, and separated into two groups: without GLP-1 RA treatment (196) and treated with GLP-1 RA (59). Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry and oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode. PMNs were also used to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were quantified by Luminex's technology, and CIMT was measured as surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Treatment with GLP-1 RA reduced ROS production and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption and MPO levels. The velocity of leukocytes rolling over endothelial cells increased in PMNs from GLP-1 RA-treated patients, whereas rolling and adhesion were diminished. ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNFα and IL-12 protein levels also decreased in the GLP-1 RA-treated group, while IL-10 increased. CIMT was lower in GLP-1 RA-treated T2D patients than in T2D patients without GLP-1 RA treatment. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 RA treatment improves the redox state and mitochondrial respiration, and reduces leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and CIMT in T2D patients, thereby potentially diminishing the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantxa M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alberto Hermo-Argibay
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yohaly Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jonathan Hermenejildo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Meylin Fernandez-Reyes
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Vila
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva Sola
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
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Lu M, Zhao F, Ran C, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang H. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the calpain-1/ROS/PKC-β axis. Life Sci 2023; 329:121972. [PMID: 37482213 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is the onset event of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) can improve the cardiovascular system, but its mechanism in diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction has received little attention. MAIN METHODS Male calpain-1-knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin and treated with Rg1 (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were incubated with high glucose (HG) and were pretreated with Rg1 (10, 20 μM), MDL-28170 (calpain-1 inhibitor), LY-333531 (PKC-β inhibitor), NAC (ROS inhibitor) and calpain-1 overexpression. Then, factors related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED were measured. KEY FINDINGS The administration of Rg1 and calpain-1 knockout ameliorated diabetic mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED and inhibited the calpain-1/ROS/PKC-β axis. LY-333531 and NAC treatment restored destructive endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mice with diabetes, while pyrogallol (ROS agonist), PMA (PKC-β agonist) or L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) treatment abrogated the protective effect of Rg1 against diabetic endothelial dysfunction. The administration of Rg1, MDL-28170, LY-333531 and NAC improved mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED, whereas the overexpression of calpain-1 amplified mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED and further upregulated the expression of PKC-β in HAECs exposed to HG. Overexpression of calpain-1 abrogated the protective effect of Rg1 against HG-induced oxidative stress and VED. SIGNIFICANCE These findings reveal that Rg1 can protect against VED by suppressing the calpain-1/ROS/PKC-β axis and alleviating the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Yang N, Wang M, Lin K, Wang M, Xu D, Han X, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wu G, Luo W, Liang G, Shan P. Dectin-1 deficiency alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating macrophage-mediated inflammatory response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166710. [PMID: 37054997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of mortality in patients with diabetes and obesity. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes alters cardiac function, which is associated with broader cellular processes such as aberrant inflammatory signaling. Recent studies have shown that a pattern recognition receptor called Dectin-1, expressed on macrophages, mediates pro-inflammatory responses in innate immunity. In the present study, we examined the role of Dectin-1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We observed increased Dectin-1 expression in heart tissues of diabetic mice and localized the source to macrophages. We then investigated the cardiac function in Dectin-1-deficient mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes and high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Our results show that Dectin-1 deficient mice are protected against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, tissue fibrosis, and inflammation. Mechanistically, our studies show that Dectin-1 is important for cell activation and induction of inflammatory cytokines in high-concentration glucose and palmitate acid (HG + PA)-challenged macrophages. Deficiency of Dectin-1 generate fewer paracrine inflammatory factors capable of causing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrotic responses in cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that Dectin-1 mediates diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy through regulating inflammation. Dectin-1 may be a potential target to combat diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diyun Xu
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Díaz-Pozo P, Canet F, Grirrane A, Lopez-Domenech S, Herance JR, Apostolova N, Luna-Marco C, Rovira-Llopis S, Marti M, Morillas C, Rocha M, Garcia H, Victor VM. Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanoparticles Modulate Leukocyte-Endothelium Cell Interactions and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2297. [PMID: 36421483 PMCID: PMC9686981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold-ceria nanoparticles (Au/CeO2) are known to have antioxidant properties. However, whether these nanoparticles can provide benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unknown. This work aimed to study the effects of Au/CeO2 nanoparticles at different rates of gold purity (10, 4.4, 1.79 and 0.82) on leukocyte-endothelium interactions and inflammation in T2D patients. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, ROS production and NF-κB expression were assessed in 57 T2D patients and 51 healthy subjects. T2D patients displayed higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and characteristic alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ROS production was increased in leukocytes of T2D patients and decreased by Au/CeO2 at 0.82% gold. Interestingly, Au/CeO2 0.82% modulated leukocyte-endothelium interactions (the first step in the atherosclerotic process) by increasing leukocyte rolling velocity and decreasing rolling flux and adhesion in T2D. A static adhesion assay also revealed diminished leukocyte-endothelium interactions by Au/CeO2 0.82% treatment. NF-κB (p65) levels increased in T2D patients and were reduced by Au/CeO2 treatment. Cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis assays demonstrated no toxicity produced by Au/CeO2 nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that Au/CeO2 nanoparticles at 0.82% exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in the leukocyte-endothelium interaction of T2D patients, suggesting a protective role against the appearance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases when this condition exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdessamad Grirrane
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Raul Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBERBBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Marti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Getawa S, Adane T. Hematological abnormalities among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221094212. [PMID: 35492887 PMCID: PMC9047808 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221094212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Changes in the blood cell function, metabolism, and the coagulation system
were associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the
magnitude and associated factors of hematological abnormalities in adults
with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 204 medical charts of adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus who
registered for follow-up at the University of Gondar Comprehensive
Specialized Hospital were reviewed from June to August 2021. Data were
collected using a structured data extraction checklist. To identify factors
associated with hematological abnormalities, both bivariate and multivariate
logistic regression analyses were done. Statistical significance was defined
as a p-value of <0.05. Results: The overall magnitude of leukocytosis and anemia in adults with type 1
diabetes mellitus was 76.0% (95% confidence interval: 70.07–81.89) and
30.90% (95% confidence interval: 24.49–37.28), respectively. Neutrophilia
and lymphocytosis were the common white blood cell abnormalities detected in
53.43% (95% confidence interval: 46.53–60.33) and 43.63% (95% confidence
interval: 36.76–50.49) of the patients, respectively. Besides,
thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia were observed in 5.4% (95% confidence
interval: 2.27–8.52) and 10.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.09–14.5) of the
patients, respectively. Only being male (adjusted odds ratio = 2.28 (95%
confidence interval: 1.46–5.29)) and duration of diabetes mellitus
(⩾3 years) (adjusted odds ratio = 8.41 (95% confidence interval:
2.49–28.29)) were significantly associated with anemia and leukocytosis,
respectively. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities, particularly anemia and leukocytosis, are common
in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, preventive and control
strategies for hematological abnormalities are essential in patients with
type 1 diabetes mellitus particularly for male and patients with a long
duration on diabetes mellitus to reduce the burden and related
complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Getawa
- Solomon Getawa, Department of Hematology
and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of
Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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9
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Si Y, Chen Z, Shi Y, Fang H. Metformin Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission Protein DRP1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832707. [PMID: 35392573 PMCID: PMC8981993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical player in diabetes and diabetic complications. The present study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamic changes in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Methods: Cognitive functions were examined by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Mice hippocampi were collected for electron microscopy and immunofluorescence examination. Neuron cell line HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons were challenged with high glucose in vitro. Mitotracker-Red CM-H2X ROS was used to detect mitochondrial-derived free radicals. Results: Diabetic mice exhibited memory loss and spatial disorientation. Electron microscopy revealed that diabetic mice had larger synaptic gaps, attenuated postsynaptic density and fewer dendritic spines in the hippocampus. More round-shape mitochondria were observed in hippocampal neurons in diabetic mice than those in control mice. In cultured neurons, high glucose induced a high phosphorylated level of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and increased oxidative stress, resulting in cell apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 and metformin significantly decreased oxidative stress and prevented cell apoptosis in cultured cells. Treatment of Mdivi-1 and metformin restored cognitive function in diabetic mice. Conclusion: Metformin restores cognitive function by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress, and mitigating neuron loss in hippocampi of diabetic mice. The protective effects of metformin shed light on the therapeutic strategy of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Leisegang K, Roychoudhury S, Slama P, Finelli R. The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1834. [PMID: 34829704 PMCID: PMC8615233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | | | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Martelli A, Piragine E, Gorica E, Citi V, Testai L, Pagnotta E, Lazzeri L, Pecchioni N, Ciccone V, Montanaro R, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brancaleone V, Morbidelli L, Calderone V. The H 2S-Donor Erucin Exhibits Protective Effects against Vascular Inflammation in Human Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060961. [PMID: 34203803 PMCID: PMC8232611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular wall integrity against degenerative processes associated with ageing, fat-rich diet and metabolic diseases is a timely therapeutical challenge. The loss of endothelial function and integrity leads to cardiovascular diseases and multiorgan inflammation. The protective effects of the H2S-donor erucin, an isothiocyanate purified by Eruca sativa Mill. seeds, were evaluated on human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In particular, erucin actions were evaluated on cell viability, ROS, caspase 3/7, inflammatory markers levels and the endothelial hyperpermeability in an inflammatory model associated with high glucose concentrations (25 mM, HG). Erucin significantly prevented the HG-induced decrease in cell viability as well as the increase in ROS, caspase 3/7 activation, and TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Similarly, erucin suppressed COX-2 and NF-κB upregulation associated with HG exposure. Erucin also caused a significant inhibition of p22phox subunit expression in endothelial cells. In addition, erucin significantly prevented the HG-induced increase in endothelial permeability as also confirmed by the quantification of the specific markers VE-Cadherin and ZO-1. In conclusion, our results assess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by erucin in vascular cells undergoing HG-induced inflammation and this protection parallels the preservation of endothelial barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 128, 40134 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 128, 40134 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, S.S. 673 Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health–NEUROFARBA–Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health–NEUROFARBA–Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (E.G.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (V.C.)
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13
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Almulathanon AA, Mohammad JA, Fathi FH. Comparative effects of metformin and glibenclamide on the redox balance in type 2 diabetic patients. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that there is a strong association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the role of glibenclamide in diabetes treatment has been evaluated, there is only limited evidence about its antioxidant effects in diabetic patients. Moreover, previous studies showed discrepant results regarding the effects of metformin on antioxidant/ oxidant parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin versus glibenclamide on oxidative stress biomarkers, represented by serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nonenzymatic, and enzymatic antioxidants in type 2 diabetic patients. Forty-six patients with T2DM participated in this study and categorized into 3 groups, Group A included 17 newly diagnosed diabetic patients, group B included 15 diabetic patients received metformin monotherapy (1000 mg/day) for up to 1 year and group C included 14 diabetic patients received glibenclamide monotherapy (5 mg/day) for up to 1 year. Serum MDA, catalase (CAT), vitamin C, E, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. We found significantly lower concentrations of MDA and significantly higher antioxidant levels (CAT, GSH, vitamin C, and E) in the metformin-treated group compared to the glibenclamide counterpart. Our data confirmed that metformin has a more beneficial effect on oxidant/antioxidant status compared to glibenclamide, therefore, provides protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative damage during diabetes.
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14
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Hohberger B, Lucio M, Schlick S, Wollborn A, Hosari S, Mardin C. OCT-angiography: Regional reduced macula microcirculation in ocular hypertensive and pre-perimetric glaucoma patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246469. [PMID: 33571215 PMCID: PMC7877568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OCT-angiography (OCT-A) offers a non-invasive method to visualize retinochoroidal microvasculature. As glaucoma disease affects retinal ganglion cells in the macula, macular microcirculation is of interest. The purpose of the study was to investigate regional macular vascular characteristics in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), pre-perimetric primary open-angle glaucoma (pre-POAG) and controls by OCT-A in three microvascular layers. MATERIAL AND METHODS 180 subjects were recruited from the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry, the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen and residents: 38 OHT, 20 pre-POAG, 122 controls. All subjects received an ophthalmological examination including measurements of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC), inner nuclear layer (INL), and Bruch's Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width (BMO-MRW). Macular vascular characteristics (vessel density, VD, foveal avascular zone, FAZ) were measured by OCT-A (Spectralis OCT II) in superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP). RESULTS With age correction of VD data, type 3 tests on fixed effects showed a significant interaction between diagnosis and sectorial VD in SVP (p = 0.0004), ICP (p = 0.0073), and DCP (p = 0.0003). Moreover, a significance in sectorial VD was observed within each layer (p<0.0001) and for the covariate age (p<0.0001). FAZ differed significantly between patients' groups only in ICP (p = 0.03), not in SVP and DCP. For VD the AUC values of SVP, ICP, and DCP were highest among diagnostic modalities (AUC: 0.88, 95%-CI: 0.75-1.0, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Regional reduced macula VD was observed in all three retinal vascular layers of eyes with OHT and pre-POAG compared to controls, indicating localized microvascular changes as early marker in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Wollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sami Hosari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Mardin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Testosterone administration increases leukocyte-endothelium interactions and inflammation in transgender men. Fertil Steril 2020; 115:483-489. [PMID: 33032814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of testosterone treatment on metabolic and inflammation parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in transgender men (TGM). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) One hundred fifty-seven TGM. INTERVENTION(S) Administration of testosterone undecanoate (1,000 mg, intramuscular) every 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endocrine parameters, adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin), proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were evaluated in serum before and after treatment using Luminex's xMAP technology. In addition, interactions between human umbilical vein endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were assessed by flow chamber microscopy. RESULT(S) Testosterone treatment led to an increase in leukocyte-endothelium interactions due to an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes rolling and adhesion and decreased rolling velocity. It also boosted levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. As expected, testosterone also produced a significant increase in free androgenic index, androstenedione, total testosterone, and atherogenic index of plasma and a decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION(S) Treatment of TGM with testosterone induces an increase in leukocyte-endothelium interactions and adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a reason to monitor cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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16
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Heydarpour F, Sajadimajd S, Mirzarazi E, Haratipour P, Joshi T, Farzaei MH, Khan H, Echeverría J. Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and Pharmacological Insights. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:498758. [PMID: 33041786 PMCID: PMC7522371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.498758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in clinical drugs, diabetes treatment still needs further progress. As such, ongoing research has attempted to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Specifically, evidence supports that several signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the development of diabetes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of diabetes still need to be explored. This study examines exciting new hallmarks for the strict involvement of autophagy and TGF-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. Subsequently, drugs that target TGF-β signaling, especially naturally derived ones such as resveratrol, puerarin, curcumin, hesperidin, and silymarin, as well as Propolis, Lycopus lucidus, and Momordica charantia extracts, may become promising alternatives to current drugs in diabetes treatment. This review provides keen insights into novel therapeutic strategies for the medical care of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Jiang S, Xiao H, Wu Z, Yang Z, Ding B, Jin Z, Yang Y. NLRP3 sparks the Greek fire in the war against lipid-related diseases. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13045. [PMID: 32390276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity rate worldwide has reached epidemic proportions and contributed to the growing prevalence of lipid-related diseases. A strong link between inflammation and metabolism is becoming increasingly evident. Compelling evidence has indicated the activation of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a cytoplasmic complex containing multiple proteins, in a variety of lipid-related diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have further clarified the regulatory mechanisms and the optional therapeutic agents that target NLRP3 inflammasomes. In this study, we review the recent progress in the research on NLRP3 inflammasomes and discuss their implications for a better understanding of inflammation in lipid-related disease and the prospects of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Abad-Jiménez Z, López-Domènech S, Gómez-Abril SÁ, Periañez-Gómez D, de Marañón AM, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Víctor VM, Rocha M. Effect of Roux-en-Y Bariatric Bypass Surgery on Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Oxidative Stress Markers in Leukocytes of Obese Patients: A One-Year Follow-Up Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080734. [PMID: 32796678 PMCID: PMC7464524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effect of Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether weight loss associated with RYGB improves the oxidative status of leukocytes and ameliorates subclinical atherosclerotic markers. This is an interventional study of 57 obese subjects who underwent RYGB surgery. We determined biochemical parameters and qualitative analysis of cholesterol, leukocyte and systemic oxidative stress markers —superoxide production, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and protein carbonylation—, soluble cellular adhesion molecules —sICAM-1 and sP-selectin—, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions—rolling flux, velocity and adhesion. RYGB induced an improvement in metabolic parameters, including hsCRP and leukocyte count (p < 0.001, for both). This was associated with an amelioration in oxidative stress, since superoxide production and protein carbonylation were reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and antioxidant systems were enhanced (GPX1; p < 0.05 and SOD; p < 0.01). In addition, a significant reduction of the following parameters was observed one year after RYGB: MPO and sICAM (p < 0.05, for both), sPselectin and pattern B of LDL particles (p < 0.001, for both), and rolling flux and adhesion of leukocytes (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Our results suggest that patients undergoing RYGB benefit from an amelioration of the prooxidant status of leukocytes, metabolic outcomes, and subclinical markers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.Á.G.-A.); (D.P.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Periañez-Gómez
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.Á.G.-A.); (D.P.-G.)
| | - Aranzazu M. de Marañón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.M.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (Z.A.-J.); (S.L.-D.); (A.M.d.M.); (C.B.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.M.V.); (M.R.)
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de Marañón AM, Iannantuoni F, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Roldán-Torres I, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Association between Proinflammatory Markers, Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Glycemic Control. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2522. [PMID: 32764458 PMCID: PMC7465892 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin monitorization could be a tool for maintaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) under control and delaying the appearance of cardiovascular events. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the role of glycemic control in modulating early-stage markers of cardiovascular complications. One hundred and eight healthy controls and 161 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and distributed according to their glycemic control, setting the threshold at 6.5% (good control). Biochemical and anthropometrical parameters were registered during the initial visit, and peripheral blood was extracted to obtain polymorphonuclear cells and analyze inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and carotid intima-media thickness. Correlations between these parameters were explored. We found that inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules were augmented in type 2 diabetic subjects with poor glycemic control. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes interacted more with the endothelium in the diabetic population, and even more significantly in the poorly controlled subjects. In parallel, carotid intima-media thickness was also increased in the diabetic population, and the difference was greater among poorly controlled subjects. Finally, correlation measurement revealed that carotid intima-media thickness was related to glycemic control and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that glycemic control delays the onset of cardiovascular comorbidities in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Martinez de Marañón
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Ildefonso Roldán-Torres
- Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd)—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.d.M.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd)—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Iannantuoni F, M. de Marañon A, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Mitochondrial Alterations and Enhanced Human Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072155. [PMID: 32650465 PMCID: PMC7408780 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has been associated with oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rates of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, leukocyte–endothelium interactions and adhesion molecules in type 1 diabetic patients. The study population consisted of 52 diabetic patients and 46 body-composition and age-matched controls. We assessed anthropometric and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from type 1 diabetic patients. In addition, we evaluated interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and serum expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). HbA1C and glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects, as expected. Mitochondrial function was altered and leukocyte–endothelium interactions were enhanced in diabetic patients, which was evident in the increase in total and mitochondrial ROS production, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, and decreased rolling velocity. Furthermore, we observed an increase in levels of adhesion molecules P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in these subjects. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients exhibited an increase in proinflammatory mediators TNFα and MPO, and a decreased expression of SOD. The enhancement of leukocyte–endothelium interactions and proinflammatory markers correlated with glucose and HbA1Clevels. Mitochondrial alteration, oxidative stress, and enhanced leukocyte–endothelium interactions are features of type 1 diabetes and may be related to cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Aranzazu M. de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
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Apostolova N, Iannantuoni F, Gruevska A, Muntane J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101517. [PMID: 32535544 PMCID: PMC7296337 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very prevalent, multisystemic, chronic metabolic disorder closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of oxidative stress. Metformin is one of the safest and most effective anti-hyperglycaemic agents currently employed as first-line oral therapy for T2D. It has demonstrated additional beneficial effects, unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, on weight loss and several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic diseases, including thyroid diseases. Despite the vast clinical experience gained over several decades of use, the mechanism of action of metformin is still not fully understood. This review provides an overview of the existing literature concerning the beneficial mitochondrial and vascular effects of metformin, which it exerts by diminishing oxidative stress and reducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Specifically, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in metformin's effect on gluconeogenesis, its capacity to interfere with major metabolic pathways (AMPK and mTORC1), its action on mitochondria and its antioxidant effects. We also discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Gruevska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Yabana T, Sato K, Shiga Y, Himori N, Omodaka K, Nakazawa T. The relationship between glutathione levels in leukocytes and ocular clinical parameters in glaucoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227078. [PMID: 31887133 PMCID: PMC6936795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on the autoregulation of blood flow, by measuring levels of glutathione, an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction, in glaucoma patients. METHODS Fifty-six OAG patients and 21 age-matched controls underwent a blood assay. Mitochondrial function was measured according to the levels of total glutathione (t-GSH), reduced GSH (GSH), and oxidized GSH (GSSG, glutathione disulfide) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ocular blood flow in the optic nerve head was assessed with laser speckle flowgraphy parameters, including acceleration time index (ATI). We determined correlations between these measurements and other clinical parameters. Furthermore, we investigated the association between glutathione levels and glaucoma with a logistic regression analysis. Finally, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in order to determine the power of redox index (the log GSH/GSSG ratio) to distinguish the groups. RESULTS OAG patients demonstrated significantly higher GSSG levels and a lower redox index than the controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively), but total GSH and reduced GSH levels were similar in the OAG subjects and controls (p = 0.80, p = 0.94, respectively). Additionally, redox index was significantly correlated with mean deviation (MD) of the visual field (r = 0.29, p = 0.03) and ATI (r = -0.30, p = 0.03). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that redox index contributed to MD (p = 0.02) and ATI (p = 0.04). The receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis suggested that redox index could differentiate between control eyes and eyes with glaucoma (AUC; 0.70: 95% interval; 0.57-0.84). The cutoff point for redox index to maximize its sensitivity and specificity was 2.0 (sensitivity: 91.1%, specificity: 42.9%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that redox index is lower in OAG patients than in controls. Thus, it is possible that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to glaucoma pathogenesis by causing vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yabana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Iannantuoni F, M de Marañon A, Diaz-Morales N, Falcon R, Bañuls C, Abad-Jimenez Z, Victor VM, Hernandez-Mijares A, Rovira-Llopis S. The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Inflammatory Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Promotes an Antioxidant Response in Leukocytes. J Clin Med 2019; 8:1814. [PMID: 31683785 PMCID: PMC6912454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) have been linked to a considerable reduction in cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise molecular mechanisms are still elusive. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the iSGLT2 empagliflozin on systemic inflammation and its potential antioxidant properties. This is an observational, prospective follow-up study of a cohort of fifteen patients with T2D who received 10 mg/day of empagliflozin according to standard clinical care. Measures at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks were taken. Metabolic and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Production of mitochondrial superoxide, glutathione content, and glutathione s-reductase and catalase mRNA levels were measured in leukocytes. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase, hs-CRP and IL-10 were determined. In addition to decreased body weight and reduced glucose and HbA1c levels, we observed a reduction in superoxide production in leukocytes of diabetic patients and increased glutathione content, prominently after 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment. Leukocyte expression of glutathione s-reductase and catalase, and serum levels of IL-10 were enhanced at 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment. Concomitantly, reduced hs-CRP and myeloperoxidase levels were seen. This study provides evidence of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of empagliflozin treatment in humans, which may contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rosa Falcon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Zaida Abad-Jimenez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
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Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091385. [PMID: 31487953 PMCID: PMC6780404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that mitochondria are the main source of ROS, we have set out to provide a general overview on how oxidative stress is generated and related to T2D. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress occurs in mitochondria as a consequence of an overload of glucose and oxidative phosphorylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in oxidative stress, as it is also a source of ROS. The tight interconnection between both organelles through mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) means that the ROS generated in mitochondria promote ER stress. Therefore, a state of stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are consequences of this vicious cycle. The implication of mitochondria in insulin release and the exposure of pancreatic β-cells to hyperglycemia make them especially susceptible to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In fact, crosstalk between both mechanisms is related with alterations in glucose homeostasis and can lead to the diabetes-associated insulin-resistance status. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge of the relationship between oxidative stress, mitochondria, ER stress, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in T2D.
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The Mitochondrial Antioxidant SS-31 Modulates Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091322. [PMID: 31466264 PMCID: PMC6780723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and mitochondria-targeted agents such as SS-31 are emerging as a promising strategy for its treatment. We aimed to study the effects of SS-31 on leukocytes from T2D patients by evaluating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Sixty-one T2D patients and 53 controls were included. Anthropometric and analytical measurements were performed. We also assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium content, the expression of ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, P-eIF2α, and autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3 II/I, and p62 in leukocytes from T2D and control subjects treated or not with SS-31. Furthermore, we have evaluated the action of SS-31 on leukocyte-endothelium interactions. T2D patients exhibited elevated ROS concentration, calcium levels and presence of ER markers (GRP78 and CHOP gene expression, and GRP78 and P-eIF2α protein expression), all of which were reduced by SS-31 treatment. SS-31 also led to a drop in BECN1 gene expression, and Beclin1 and LC3 II/I protein expression in T2D patients. In contrast, the T2D group displayed reduced p62 protein levels that were restored by SS-31. SS-20 (with non-antioxidant activity) did not change any analyzed parameter. In addition, SS-31 decreased rolling flux and leukocyte adhesion, and increased rolling velocity in T2D patients. Our findings suggest that SS-31 exerts potentially beneficial effects on leukocytes of T2D patients modulating oxidative stress and autophagy, and ameliorating ER stress.
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Abdel-Moneim A, Semmler M, Abdel-Reheim ES, Zanaty MI, Addaleel W. Association of glycemic status and interferon-γ production with leukocytes and platelet indices alterations in type2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1963-1969. [PMID: 31235122 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between glycemic status and the inflammation biomarkers; leukocytes, platelets indices and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients regarding diabetic complications. METHODS Study was conducted on 158 patients allocated as normal healthy subjects (50) and 108 patients diagnosed as T2DM. The diabetic patients were subdivided into six groups according to metformin administration as mono-or dual therapies. RESULTS The current results exhibited a significant elevation in systolic blood pressure, total and LDL-cholesterol levels and IFN-γ as well as a noticeable decrease in HDL-cholesterol and anti-atherogenic factor values compared to the healthy patients. Leukocytes and neutrophils count, main platelets volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) values revealed noticeable elevations in most treated T2DM groups, while a marked depletion was recorded in platelets count compared to healthy subjects. Glycemic control, most treated diabetic patients with metformin mono- and dual therapies showed an ameliorative effect in HbA1c, IFN-γ, MPV, and PDW values compared to recent diabetic ones. CONCLUSION Diabetes was correlated significantly with dyslipidemia and atherogenic risk in parallel with an increase in IFN-γ production and hematological inflammatory biomarkers; leukocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios, MPV and PDW values. The amelioration in inflammatory biomarkers was associated with improvement in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Margit Semmler
- Institute, Diabetes Research Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eman S Abdel-Reheim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Zanaty
- Biotechnology Department, Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Wessam Addaleel
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Diabetic endothelial colony forming cells have the potential for restoration with glycomimetics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2309. [PMID: 30783159 PMCID: PMC6381138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony forming progenitor cell (ECFC) function is compromised in diabetes, leading to poor vascular endothelial repair, which contributes to impaired diabetic foot ulcer healing. We have generated novel glycomimetic drugs with protective effects against endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the effect of glycomimetic C3 on the functional capacity of diabetic ECFCs. ECFCs were isolated from healthy controls and patients with diabetes with neuroischaemic (NI) or neuropathic (NP) foot ulcers. Functionally, diabetic ECFCs demonstrated delayed colony formation (p < 0.02), differential proliferative capacity (p < 0.001) and reduced NO bioavailability (NI ECFCs; p < 0.05). Chemokinetic migration and angiogenesis were also reduced in diabetic ECFCs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), and defects in wound closure and tube formation were apparent in NP ECFCs (p < 0.01). Differential patterns in mitochondrial activity were pronounced, with raised activity in NI and depressed activity in NP cells (p < 0.05). The application of glycomimetic improved scratch wound closure in vitro in patient ECFCs (p < 0.01), most significantly in NI cells (p < 0.001), where tube formation (p < 0.05) was also improved. We demonstrate restoration of the deficits in NI cells but not NP cells, using a novel glycomimetic agent, which may be advantageous for therapeutic cell transplantation or as a localised treatment for NI but not NP patients.
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Iannantuoni F, Diaz-Morales N, Escribano-Lopez I, Sola E, Roldan-Torres I, Apostolova N, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Rocha M, Victor VM. Does Glycemic Control Modulate the Impairment of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Type 2 Diabetes? Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:232-240. [PMID: 29860862 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) activation in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which can eventually lead to an impaired immune response, we set out to determine if glycemic control modulates the effects of T2D on the NLRP3 inflammasome. We have studied leukocytes from 61 diabetic patients [25 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤7% and 36 with HbA1c ≥8%] and 40 healthy controls. Total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced in T2D patients, and mitochondrial ROS was more pronounced in those with poor glycemic control. Levels of gene and protein expression of NLRP3 were decreased in both diabetic groups and more so in those with HbA1c ≥8%. In addition, there was a decrease in gene expression and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, and caspase-1 in line with inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our data also suggest negative correlations between HbA1c levels and NLRP3 protein expression, serum levels of IL-12 and IL-1β, and caspase-1 messenger RNA expression. Our findings lead us to raise the hypothesis of an association between poor glycemic control in T2D and an impairment of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that glycemic control plays an important role in the immune response of diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannantuoni
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-Lopez
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sola
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Roldan-Torres
- 2 Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- 3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Dietary weight loss intervention improves subclinical atherosclerosis and oxidative stress markers in leukocytes of obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2200-2209. [PMID: 30622308 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between caloric restriction-mediated weight loss and the generation of ROS and its effects on atherosclerotic markers in obesity is not fully understood. Therefore, we set out to investigate whether dietary weight loss intervention improves markers of oxidative stress in leukocytes and subclinical parameters of atherosclerosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was an interventional study of 59 obese subjects (BMI > 35 kg/m2) who underwent 6 months of dietary therapy, including a 6-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by an 18-week low-calorie diet (LCD). We determined clinical parameters, inflammatory markers-hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB -, oxidative stress parameters-total superoxide, glutathione, catalase activity and protein carbonyl groups-, soluble cellular adhesion molecules-sICAM, sP-selectin, sPSGL-1 -, myeloperoxidase (MPO), leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions-rolling flux, velocity and adhesion-and LDL subfractions, before and after the dietary intervention. RESULTS After losing weight, an improvement was observed in the patients' anthropometric, blood pressure and metabolic parameters, and was associated with reduced inflammatory response (hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB). Oxidative stress parameters improved, since superoxide production and protein carbonyl content were reduced and antioxidant systems were enhanced. In addition, a significant reduction of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis-small and dense LDL particles, MPO, sP-selectin and leukocyte adhesion-and an increase in soluble PSGL-1 were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the improvement of subclinical atherosclerotic markers after dietary weight loss intervention is associated with a reduction of oxidative stress in leukocytes and inflammatory pathways, suggesting that these are the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in obese subjects after losing weight.
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Martinez‐Herrera M, López‐Domènech S, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre‐Rangil J, Bañuls C, Victor VM, Rocha M. Chronic periodontitis impairs polymorphonuclear leucocyte–endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1429-1439. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Martinez‐Herrera
- Service of StomatologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- Department of StomatologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Sandra López‐Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Silvestre
- Service of StomatologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- Department of StomatologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research GroupCIBER Hepatic and Digestive DiseasesUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research GroupCIBER Hepatic and Digestive DiseasesUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
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Masi S, Orlandi M, Parkar M, Bhowruth D, Kingston I, O'Rourke C, Virdis A, Hingorani A, Hurel SJ, Donos N, D'Aiuto F, Deanfield J. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, endothelial function and metabolic control in patients with type II diabetes and periodontitis: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Int J Cardiol 2018; 271:263-268. [PMID: 30077530 PMCID: PMC6152589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress production (mtROS), which has been associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intensive PD treatment (IPT) can significantly improve endothelial function and metabolic control, although the mechanisms remain unclear. We explored whether, in patients with PD and T2D, changes of mtROS are associated with improvement of endothelial function and metabolic control after IPT. METHODS 51 patients with T2D and PD were enrolled in a single-blind controlled trial and randomised to either intensive (n = 27) or standard (CPT, n = 24) PD treatment. Levels of mtROS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured using a FACS-based assay at baseline and 24 h, 1 week, 2 and 6 months after PD treatment. Inflammatory cytokines, CVD risk factors, metabolic control and endothelial function were assessed at baseline and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS After 6 months from PD treatment, the IPT group had lower mtROS (in both the whole PBMC and lymphocytes), circulating levels of HbA1c, glucose, INF-γ, TNF-α (p < 0.05 for all), and improved endothelial function (p < 0.05) compared to the CPT group. There was an association between higher mtROS and lower endothelial function at baseline (r = -0.39; p = 0.01) and, in the IPT group, changes of mtROS were associated with changes of endothelial function (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reduced mtROS is associated with improved endothelial function and accompanied by better metabolic control in patients with T2D and PD. mtROS could represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent CVD in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy; National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Parkar
- Cruciform Teaching Facilities Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Devina Bhowruth
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Isabel Kingston
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London, UK
| | | | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Steven J Hurel
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), UK
| | | | - John Deanfield
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, London, UK
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Bajpai A, Tilley DG. The Role of Leukocytes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30443223 PMCID: PMC6221939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, have become targets of investigation for their potential role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. While leukocytes contribute significantly to the progression of diabetes and heart failure individually, understanding their participation in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure is much less understood. The present review summarizes the role of leukocytes in the complex interplay between diabetes and heart failure, which is critical to the discovery of new targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Bajpai
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Iannantuoni F, Lopez-Domenech S, de Marañon AM, Abad-Jimenez Z, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Herance JR, Rocha M, Victor VM. The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15862. [PMID: 30367115 PMCID: PMC6203778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing focus on mitochondrial impairment and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in this context. It is unknown whether mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants such as SS-31 protect sufficiently against oxidative damage in diabetes. We aimed to evaluate if SS-31 modulates SIRT1 levels and ameliorates leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress and inflammation in T2D patients. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were studied in 51 T2D patients and 57 controls. Production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB-p65, TNFα and SIRT1 levels was measured in leukocytes treated or not with SS-31. We observed increased mitochondrial ROS production that was restored by SS-31 treatment. SS-31 also increased mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, SIRT1 levels and leukocyte rolling velocity and reduced rolling flux and adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα, which were enhanced in diabetic patients, were also reduced by SS-31 treatment. Our results reveal that SS-31 exerts beneficial effects on the leukocytes of T2D patients by reducing oxidative stress, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB and TNFα and by increasing SIRT1 levels. These actions support its use as a potential agent against CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida Abad-Jimenez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose R Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Apostolova N, Bañuls C, Muntané J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mitochondria, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Sirtuins in Type 2 Diabetes: New Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:749-791. [PMID: 29256638 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can lead to the development of comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and microvascular/macrovascular complications. Both type 2 diabetes and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes is also a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to inflammasome activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukins (ILs) IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, sirtuins are energetic sensors that respond to metabolic load, which highlights their relevance in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent Advances: Over the past decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the signaling events regulated by mitochondria, inflammasomes, and sirtuins. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best characterized inflammasome, and the generation of oxidant species seems to be critical for its activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and altered sirtuin levels have been observed in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issue: Despite increasing evidence of the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and of their participation in type 2 diabetes physiopathology, therapeutic strategies to combat type 2 diabetes that target NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins are yet to be consolidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review article, we attempt to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment and the inflammasome, with particular attention to cellular and mitochondrial redox metabolism and the potential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, we discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular interactions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 749-791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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López-Domènech S, Bañuls C, Díaz-Morales N, Escribano-López I, Morillas C, Veses S, Orden S, Álvarez Á, Víctor VM, Hernández-Mijares A, Rocha M. Obesity impairs leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12985. [PMID: 29924382 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and oxidative stress parameters in non-diabetic patients with different grades of obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this cross-sectional study, 225 subjects were recruited from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 and divided into groups according to BMI (<30 kg/m2 , 30-40 kg/m2 and >40 kg/m²). We determined clinical parameters, systemic inflammatory markers, soluble cellular adhesion molecules, leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions-rolling flux, velocity and adhesion-, oxidative stress parameters-total ROS, total superoxide, glutathione-and mitochondrial membrane potential in leukocytes. RESULTS We verified that HOMA-IR and hsCRP increased progressively as obesity developed, whereas A1c, IL6 and TNFα were augmented in the BMI > 40 kg/m² group. The cellular adhesion molecule sP-selectin was increased in patients with obesity, while sICAM, total ROS, total superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential were selectively higher in the BMI > 40 kg/m² group. Obesity induced a progressive decrease in rolling velocity and an enhancement of rolling flux and leukocyte adhesion. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that endothelial dysfunction markers are altered in human obesity and are associated with proinflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-López
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Diaz-Morales N, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Lopez-Domenech S, Escribano-Lopez I, Veses S, Jover A, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Does Metformin Protect Diabetic Patients from Oxidative Stress and Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions? Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1439-1445. [PMID: 28467723 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since metformin can exert beneficial vascular effects, we aimed at studying its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant enzyme expression, levels of adhesion molecules, and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the leukocytes from type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. The study was carried out in 72 T2D patients (41 of whom were treated with metformin for at least 12 months at a dose of 1700 mg per day), and in 40 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Leukocytes from T2D patients exhibited enhanced levels of mitochondrial ROS and decreased mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1) and sirtuin 3 (sirt3) with respect to controls, whereas metformin was shown to revert these effects. No changes were observed on total ROS production and the expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase. Furthermore, increases in leukocyte-endothelial interactions and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin levels were found in T2D and were also restored in metformin-treated patients. Our findings raise the question of whether metformin could modulate the appearance of atherosclerosis in T2D patients and reduce vascular events by decreasing leukocyte oxidative stress through an increase in gpx1 and sirt3 expression, and undermining adhesion molecule levels and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1439-1445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Diaz-Morales
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-Lopez
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,2 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,3 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,2 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, de Marañon AM, Diaz-Morales N, Jover A, Garzon S, Rocha M, Victor VM, Hernandez-Mijares A. Low testosterone levels are related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered subclinical atherosclerotic markers in type 2 diabetic male patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:155-162. [PMID: 28359952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low testosterone levels in men are associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk. However, the role of testosterone in mitochondrial function and leukocyte-endothelium interactions is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between testosterone levels, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in 280 male type 2 diabetic patients and 50 control subjects. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, testosterone levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, TNFα, adhesion molecules and leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions were evaluated. RESULTS Testosterone levels were lower in diabetic patients. Total and mitochondrial ROS were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and GSR expression levels were reduced in diabetic patients. TNFα, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels, leukocyte rolling flux and adhesion were all enhanced in diabetic patients, while rolling velocity was reduced. Testosterone levels correlated negatively with glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, nonHDL-c, ApoB, hs-CRP and AIP, and positively with HDL-c and ApoA1. The multivariable regression model showed that HDL-c, HOMA-IR and age were independently associated with testosterone. Furthermore, testosterone levels correlated positively with membrane potential and rolling velocity and negatively with ROS production, VCAM-1, rolling flux and adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that low testosterone levels in diabetic men are related to impaired metabolic profile and mitochondrial function and enhanced inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium cell interaction, which leaves said patients at risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Garzon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Martinez de Marañon A, Veses S, Jover A, Gomez M, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Metabolic syndrome enhances endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in PCOS. Metabolism 2017; 71:153-162. [PMID: 28521868 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions are related to PCOS. Our aim was to evaluate whether the presence of MetS in PCOS patients can influence endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center. The study population consisted of 148 PCOS women (116 without/32 with MetS) and 112 control subjects (87 without / 25 with MetS). Metabolic parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ER stress markers (GRP78, sXBP1, ATF6), leukocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-Selectin), TNF-α and IL-6 were determined. RESULTS Total ROS, inflammatory parameters and adhesion molecules were enhanced in the presence of MetS (p<0.05), and the PCOS+MetS group showed higher levels of IL-6 and ICAM-1 than controls (p<0.05). Increased adhesion and leukocyte rolling flux were observed in PCOS and PCOS+MetS groups vs their respective controls (p<0.05). GRP78 protein expression was higher in the PCOS groups (p<0.05 vs controls) and sXBP1 was associated with the presence of MetS (p<0.05 vs controls without MetS). Furthermore, PCOS+MetS patients exhibited higher GRP78 and ATF6 levels than controls and PCOS patients without MetS (p<0.05). In PCOS women, HOMA-IR was positively correlated with ICAM-1 (r=0.501; p<0.01), ROS (r=0.604; p<0.01), rolling flux (r=0.455;p<0.05) and GRP78 (r=0.574; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis of an association between altered metabolic status, increased ROS production, ER stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in PCOS, all of which are related to vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gomez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Incalza MA, D'Oria R, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 100:1-19. [PMID: 28579545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation of reactive ROS and antioxidant defense systems represents the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage in both metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. Endothelial activation is the first alteration observed, and is characterized by an abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. This ultimately leads to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impairment of the vascular tone and other endothelial phenotypic changes collectively termed endothelial dysfunction(s). This review will focus on the main mechanisms involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction, with particular focus on inflammation and aberrant ROS production and on their relationship with classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging. Furthermore, new mediators of vascular damage, such as microRNAs, will be discussed. Understanding mechanisms underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction is an important base of knowledge to prevent vascular damage in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Li Y, Chang Y, Ye N, Chen Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Advanced glycation end products-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction alters proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2673-2680. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Rovira-Llopis S, de Marañon AM, Orden S, Alvarez A, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Murphy MP, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes isolated from type 2 diabetic patients. Redox Biol 2016; 10:200-205. [PMID: 27810734 PMCID: PMC5094376 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known if the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) can modulate oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in T2D patients. We aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of MitoQ on oxidative stress parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes of T2D patients. The study population consisted of 98 T2D patients and 71 control subjects. We assessed metabolic and anthropometric parameters, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), NFκB-p65, TNFα and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Diabetic patients exhibited higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, hs-CRP and lower HDL-c with respect to controls. Mitochondrial ROS production was enhanced in T2D patients and decreased by MitoQ. The antioxidant also increased GPX-1 levels and PMN rolling velocity and decreased PMN rolling flux and PMN adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα were augmented in T2D and were both reduced by MitoQ treatment. Our findings support that the antioxidant MitoQ has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in the leukocytes of T2D patients by decreasing ROS production, leukocyte-endothelium interactions and TNFα through the action of NFκB. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ should be investigated as a novel means of preventing cardiovascular events in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM. Role of ROS and RNS Sources in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1245049. [PMID: 27478531 PMCID: PMC4960346 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1245049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction and serve as molecular signals activating stress responses that are beneficial to the organism. Mitochondria have been thought to both play a major role in tissue oxidative damage and dysfunction and provide protection against excessive tissue dysfunction through several mechanisms, including stimulation of opening of permeability transition pores. Until recently, the functional significance of ROS sources different from mitochondria has received lesser attention. However, the most recent data, besides confirming the mitochondrial role in tissue oxidative stress and protection, show interplay between mitochondria and other ROS cellular sources, so that activation of one can lead to activation of other sources. Thus, it is currently accepted that in various conditions all cellular sources of ROS provide significant contribution to processes that oxidatively damage tissues and assure their survival, through mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Victor Manuel Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Diaz-Morales N, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Escribano-Lopez I, de Marañon AM, Lopez-Domenech S, Orden S, Roldan-Torres I, Alvarez A, Veses S, Jover A, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Are Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Impaired in Leukocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Patients? Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:108-15. [PMID: 27043041 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion/fission alterations have been evaluated in different tissues of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, it is not known whether mitochondrial dynamics is disturbed in the leukocytes of T2D patients and whether glycemic control affects its regulation. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters in 91 T2D patients (48 with glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] <6.5% and 43 with HbA1c >6.5%) were characteristic of the disease when compared with 78 control subjects. We observed increased reactive oxygen species production in leukocytes from diabetic patients, together with a reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, especially in poorly controlled patients. Mitochondrial fusion was reduced and fission was increased in diabetic patients, and both features were accentuated in patients with poor glycemic control. Furthermore, leukocyte rolling flux rose in parallel to HbA1c levels. The induction of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in diabetic patients was related to reduced mitochondrial fusion and higher mitochondrial fission. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dynamics could be influenced by glycemic control in leukocytes of diabetic patients, in which there is decreased mitochondrial fusion and elevated fission related to enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These findings lead to the hypothesis that poor glycemic control during T2D may alter mitochondrial dynamics and could eventually promote leukocyte-endothelial interactions and the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 108-115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Diaz-Morales
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-Lopez
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Martinez de Marañon
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- 3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Roldan-Torres
- 4 Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- 3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,5 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,6 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera L. Chitinase 3 Like-1: An Emerging Molecule Involved in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Pathobiology 2016; 83:228-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000444855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Victor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Diaz-Morales N, Martinez de Marañon A, Rios-Navarro C, Alvarez A, Gomez M, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Insulin Resistance in PCOS Patients Enhances Oxidative Stress and Leukocyte Adhesion: Role of Myeloperoxidase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151960. [PMID: 27007571 PMCID: PMC4805297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress are related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR). We have evaluated the relationship between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and leukocyte activation in PCOS patients according to homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and have explored a possible correlation between these factors and endocrine and inflammatory parameters. This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center. The study population consisted of 101 PCOS subjects and 105 control subjects. We divided PCOS subjects into PCOS non-IR (HOMA-IR<2.5) and PCOS IR (HOMA-IR>2.5). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MPO levels, interactions between human umbilical vein endothelial cells and leukocytes, adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were evaluated. Oxidative stress was observed in PCOS patients, in whom there was an increase in total and mitochondrial ROS production and MPO levels. Enhanced rolling flux and adhesion, and a decrease in polymorphonuclear cell rolling velocity were also detected in PCOS subjects. Increases in IL-6 and TNF-α and adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were also observed, particularly in the PCOS IR group, providing evidence that inflammation and oxidative stress are related in PCOS patients. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with hsCRP (p<0.001, r = 0.304), ROS production (p<0.01, r = 0.593), leukocyte rolling flux (p<0.05, r = 0.446), E-selectin (p<0.01, r = 0.436) and IL-6 (p<0.001, r = 0.443). The results show an increase in the rate of ROS and MPO levels in PCOS patients in general, and particularly in those with IR. Inflammation in PCOS induces leukocyte-endothelium interactions and a simultaneous increase in IL-6, TNF-α, E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. These conditions are aggravated by the presence of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH-M); (MR); (VMV)
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar Rios-Navarro
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- General Foundation of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gomez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH-M); (MR); (VMV)
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (AH-M); (MR); (VMV)
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Hernandez-Mijares A, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Diaz-Morales N, Escribano-Lopez I, de Pablo C, Alvarez A, Veses S, Rocha M, Victor VM. Effects of simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin/ezetimibe on mitochondrial function and leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:40-7. [PMID: 26868507 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol-lowering therapy has been related with several beneficial effects; however, its influence on oxidative stress and endothelial function is not fully elucidated. AIMS To investigate the effect of simvastatin and ezetimibe on mitochondrial function and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in polymorphonuclear cells of hyperlipidemic patients. METHODS Thirty-nine hyperlipidemic patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one received simvastatin (40 mg/day) and the other received ezetimibe (10 mg/day) for 4 weeks, after which both groups were administered combined therapy for an additional 4-week period. Lipid profile, mitochondrial parameters (oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane potential), glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and adhesion molecules -VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, were evaluated. RESULTS An improvement in lipid profile was observed after administration of simvastatin or ezetimibe alone (LDLc: -40.2 vs -19.6%, respectively), though this effect was stronger with the former (p < 0.001), and a further reduction was registered when the two were combined (LDLc: -50.7% vs -56.8%, respectively). In addition to this, simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin + ezetimibe significantly increased oxygen consumption, membrane potential and glutathione content, and decreased levels of ROS, thereby improving mitochondrial function. Furthermore, simvastatin + ezetimibe increased catalase activity. In addition, simvastatin and simvastatin/ezetimibe improved leukocyte/endothelium interactions by decreasing leukocyte rolling and adhesion and increasing leukocyte rolling velocity. Finally, simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin + ezetimibe reduced levels of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and ezetimibe + simvastatin significantly decreased levels of E-selectin. CONCLUSION Co-administration of simvastatin and ezetimibe has an additive cholesterol-lowering effect and beneficial consequences for mitochondrial function and leukocyte/endothelium interactions in leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain; Fundación General de Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Sun L, Dutta RK, Xie P, Kanwar YS. myo-Inositol Oxygenase Overexpression Accentuates Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Exacerbates Cellular Injury following High Glucose Ambience: A NEW MECHANISM RELEVANT TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5688-5707. [PMID: 26792859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by perturbations in metabolic/cellular signaling pathways with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are regarded as a common denominator of various pathways, and they inflict injury on renal glomerular cells. Recent studies indicate that tubular pathobiology also plays a role in the progression of DN. However, the mechanism(s) for how high (25 mm) glucose (HG) ambience induces tubular damage remains enigmatic. myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is a tubular enzyme that catabolizes myo-inositol to d-glucuronate via the glucuronate-xylulose (G-X) pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that G-X pathway enzymes are expressed in the kidney, and MIOX expression/bioactivity was up-regulated under HG ambience in LLC-PK1 cells, a tubular cell line. We further investigated whether MIOX overexpression leads to accentuation of tubulo-interstitial injury, as gauged by some of the parameters relevant to the progression of DN. Under HG ambience, MIOX overexpression accentuated redox imbalance, perturbed NAD(+)/NADH ratios, increased ROS generation, depleted reduced glutathione, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and enhanced adaptive changes in the profile of the antioxidant defense system. These changes were also accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunctions, DNA damage and induction of apoptosis, accentuated activity of profibrogenic cytokine, and expression of fibronectin, the latter two being the major hallmarks of DN. These perturbations were largely blocked by various ROS inhibitors (Mito Q, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, and N-acetylcysteine) and MIOX/NOX4 siRNA. In conclusion, this study highlights a novel mechanism where MIOX under HG ambience exacerbates renal injury during the progression of diabetic nephropathy following the generation of excessive ROS via an unexplored G-X pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- From the Department of Nephrology and Renal Institute, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China and
| | - Rajesh K Dutta
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ping Xie
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Díaz-Morales N, Bañuls C, Blas-García A, Polo M, López-Domenech S, Jover A, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A, Víctor VM. Is Autophagy Altered in the Leukocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Patients? Antioxid Redox Signal 2015. [PMID: 26218267 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether autophagy is altered in the leukocytes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and whether oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses regulate this mechanism. We studied anthropometric and metabolic parameters and evaluated oxidative stress, chromatin condensation, ER stress, and autophagy parameters in leukocytes of 103 T2D patients versus 109 sex- and age-matched controls. Patients showed increases in glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared with controls (p < 0.001). Leukocytes displayed enhanced total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced mitochondrial mass, and increased chromatin condensation (p < 0.05). ER stress was also activated in diabetic patients, who displayed augmented glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha (P-eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) levels (p < 0.05). We also observed an increase in the autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 (p < 0.05), and significant positive correlations between Beclin 1 and total ROS (r = 0.667), GRP78 (r = 0.925) and P-eIF2α (r = 0.644), and between LC3-II and P-eIF2α (r = 0.636) and ATF6 (r = 0.601). Our results lead to the hypothesis that autophagy is activated in the leukocytes of T2D patients and that both oxidative and ER stress signaling pathways may be implicated in the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz-Morales
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blas-García
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Polo
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Domenech
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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50
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Victor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Diaz-Morales N, Castelló R, Falcón R, Gómez M, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Effects of metformin on mitochondrial function of leukocytes from polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:683-91. [PMID: 26320144 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The present study assesses the effect of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function in polymorphonuclear cells from PCOS subjects. Additionally, we evaluate endocrine parameters and levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). DESIGN AND METHODS Our study population was comprised of 35 women of reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS and treated with metformin for 12 weeks, and their corresponding controls (n=41), adjusted by age and BMI. We evaluated the alteration of endocrinological and anthropometrical parameters and androgen levels. Mitochondrial O2 consumption (using a Clark-type O2 electrode), membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) (by means of fluorescence microscopy) were assessed in poymorphonuclear cells. H2O2 was evaluated with the Amplex Red(R) H2O2/Peroxidase Assay kit. IL6 and TNFα were measured using the Luminex 200 flow analyser system. RESULTS Metformin had beneficial effects on patients by increasing mitochondrial O2 consumption, membrane potential, mitochondrial mass and glutathione levels, and by decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species and H2O2. In addition, metformin reduced glucose, follicle-stimulating hormone, IL6 and TNFα levels and increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. HOMA-IR and mitochondrial function biomarkers positively correlated with ROS production (r=0.486, P=0.025), GSH content (r=0.710, P=0.049) and H2O2 (r=0.837, P=0.010), and negatively correlated with membrane potential (r=-0.829, P=0.011) at baseline. These differences disappeared after metformin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function in leukocytes of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Victor
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Castelló
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Falcón
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gómez
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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