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Han P, Yuan C, Chen X, Hu Y, Hu X, Xu Z, Guo Q. Metabolic signatures and potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in suburb-dwelling older Chinese: based on untargeted GC-MS and LC-MS. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38454497 PMCID: PMC10921582 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics can be used to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, the metabolic signatures of sarcopenia patients have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with sarcopenia by untargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and identified possible diagnostic markers. METHODS Forty-eight elderly subjects with sarcopenia were age and sex matched with 48 elderly subjects without sarcopenia. We first used untargeted GC/LC-MS to analyze the plasma of these participants and then combined it with a large number of multivariate statistical analyses to analyze the data. Finally, based on a multidimensional analysis of the metabolites, the most critical metabolites were considered to be biomarkers of sarcopenia. RESULTS According to variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) and the p-value of t-test (p < 0.05), a total of 55 metabolites by GC-MS and 85 metabolites by LC-MS were identified between sarcopenia subjects and normal controls, and these were mostly lipids and lipid-like molecules. Among the top 20 metabolites, seven phosphatidylcholines, seven lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, palmitamide, L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid were downregulated in the sarcopenia group; only ethylamine was upregulated. Among that, three metabolites of LysoPC(17:0), L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid showed very good prediction capacity with AUCs of 0.887 (95% CI = 0.817-0.957), 0.836 (95% CI = 0.751-0.921), and 0.805 (95% CI = 0.717-0.893), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that metabonomic analysis has great potential to be applied to sarcopenia. The identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and could be used to study sarcopenia pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Comprehensive Surgical Rehabilitation Ward, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhangtao Xu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Chang R, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang S. Pyridinium and ammonium stable isotope labeling agents and their performance in the analysis of alkylamines in food and food packaging materials. Food Chem 2023; 408:135240. [PMID: 36549157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two pairs of stable isotope labeling (SIL) agents, (4-carboxyphenyl)trimethylammonium iodide (d0-CPTA) and its deuterated counterpart d3-CPTA, 1-methyl-nicotinamide iodide (d0-MNA) and its deuterated counterpart d3-MNA, were designed and synthesized. Their mass spectrometry (MS) sensitivity enhancement effect was studied and compared with commercial dansyl chloride to provide inspiration for labeling agent design. CPTA with quaternary ammonium group showed much higher MS sensitivity enhancement effect and was applied to the SIL analysis of alkylamines in food and food packaging materials. The matrix effect was minimized due to the SIL strategy and the permanent charge of the CPTA. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 2.9-5.1 ng/L, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 9.6-16.8 ng/L. The recoveries ranged from 91.2 % to 97.1 % with relative standard deviations of less than 6.6 %, and the matrix effect ranged from -1.8 % to -4.9 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, PR China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, PR China
| | - Shijuan Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, PR China.
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Li MY, Liu HY, Wu DT, Kenaan A, Geng F, Li HB, Gunaratne A, Li H, Gan RY. L-Theanine: A Unique Functional Amino Acid in Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) With Multiple Health Benefits and Food Applications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853846. [PMID: 35445053 PMCID: PMC9014247 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a very popular health drink and has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its various bioactive substances. Among them, L-theanine, a unique free amino acid, is one of the most important substances in tea and endows tea with a special flavor. Moreover, L-theanine is also a bioactive compound with plenty of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, metabolic regulatory, cardiovascular protective, liver and kidney protective, immune regulatory, and anti-obesity effects. Due to the unique characteristics and beneficial functions, L-theanine has potential applications in the development of functional foods. This review summarized the influencing factors of L-theanine content in teas, the main health benefits and related molecular mechanisms of L-theanine, and its applications in food, understanding of which can provide updated information for the further research of L-theanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ahmad Kenaan
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anil Gunaratne
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hang Li
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Liang J, Gu L, Liu X, Yan X, Bi X, Fan X, Zhou J, Lu S, Luo L, Yin Z. L-theanine prevents progression of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways via the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35428314 PMCID: PMC9013079 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-theanine, a non-protein amino acid was found principally in the green tea, has been previously shown to exhibit potent anti-obesity property and hepatoprotective effect. Herein, we investigated the effects of L-theanine on alleviating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods In vitro, HepG2 and AML12 cells were treated with 500 μM oleic acid (OA) or treated with OA accompanied by L-theanine. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal control diet (NCD), high‐fat diet (HFD), or HFD along with L-theanine for 16 weeks. The levels of triglycerides (TG), accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of genes related to hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways were detected in vitro and in vivo. Results Our data indicated that, in vivo, L-theanine significantly reduced body weight, hepatic steatosis, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), TG and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. In vitro, L-theanine also significantly alleviated OA induced hepatocytes steatosis. Mechanic studies showed that L-theanine significantly inhibited the nucleus translocation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) through AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the reduction of fatty acid synthesis. We also identified that L-theanine enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 A (CPT1A) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, our study indicated that L-theanine can active AMPK through its upstream kinase Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ). Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggested that L-theanine alleviates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways via the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00664-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Fast and Sensitive Quantification of AccQ-Tag Derivatized Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines by UHPLC-UV Analysis from Complex Biological Samples. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030272. [PMID: 35323715 PMCID: PMC8949038 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis of different body fluids bears high importance in medical sciences. Our aim was to develop and validate a fast UHPLC-UV method for the analysis of 33 amino acids and biogenic amines from complex biological samples. AccQ-Tag derivatization was conducted on target molecules and the derivatized targets were analyzed by UHPLC-UV. The detection of the analytes was carried out with UV analysis and by Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM)-based targeted mass spectrometry. The method was validated according to the FDA guidelines. Serum and non-stimulated tear samples were collected from five healthy individuals and the samples were analyzed by the method. The method was successfully validated with appropriate accuracy and precision for all 33 biomolecules. A total of 29 analytes were detected in serum samples and 26 of them were quantified. In the tears, 30 amino acids and biogenic amines were identified and 20 of them were quantified. The developed and validated UHPLC-UV method enables the fast and precise analysis of amino acids and biogenic amines from complex biological samples.
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E, Jachimowicz K. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Tea-The Positive Impact of Tea Consumption on Patients with Autoimmune Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113972. [PMID: 34836227 PMCID: PMC8625657 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological markers of autoimmune diabetes include functional disorders of the antioxidative system as well as progressing inflammation and the presence of autoantibodies. Even though people with type 1 diabetes show genetic predispositions facilitating the onset of the disease, it is believed that dietary factors can stimulate the initiation and progression of the disease. This paper analyses the possibility of using tea as an element of diet therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Based on information available in literature covering the last 10 years, the impact of regular tea consumption or diet supplements containing tea polyphenols on the oxidative status as well as inflammatory and autoimmune response of the organism was analyzed. Studies conducted on laboratory animals, human patients, and in vitro revealed positive effects of the consumption of tea or polyphenols isolated therefrom on the diabetic body. Few reports available in the literature pertain to the impact of tea on organisms affected by type 1 diabetes as most (over 85%) have focused on cases of type 2 diabetes. It has been concluded that by introducing tea into the diet, it is possible to alleviate some of the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, thus limiting their destructive impact on the patients' organisms, consequently improving their quality of life, regardless of the type of diabetes. Furthermore, elimination of inflammation should reduce the incidence of immune response. One should consider more widespread promotion of tea consumption by individuals genetically predisposed to diabetes, especially considering the drink's low price, easy availability, overall benefits to human health, and above all, the fact that it can be safely used over extended periods of time, regardless of the patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.-M.); (E.T.); Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44 (A.W.-M.); +48-81-445-69-63 (E.T.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.-M.); (E.T.); Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44 (A.W.-M.); +48-81-445-69-63 (E.T.)
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Komorita Y, Iwase M, Fujii H, Ohkuma T, Ide H, Jodai-Kitamura T, Yoshinari M, Oku Y, Higashi T, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Additive effects of green tea and coffee on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001252. [PMID: 33087342 PMCID: PMC7577036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of consuming green tea or coffee on mortality in patients with diabetes is controversial. We prospectively investigated the impact of each beverage and their combination on mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In all, 4923 patients (2790 men, 2133 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 66 years) were followed prospectively (median, 5.3 years; follow-up rate, 99.5%). We evaluated the amount of green tea and coffee consumed using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 309 participants died. The consumption of green tea, coffee, and a combination of the beverages was associated with reduced all-cause mortality. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for green tea were as follows: none 1.0 (referent); 0.85 (0.60-1.22) for ≤1 cup/day; 0.73 (0.51-1.03) for 2-3 cups/day; 0.60 (0.42-0.85) for ≥4 cups/day; and P for trend, 0.002. For coffee, they were: none 1.0 (referent); 0.88 (0.66-1.18) for <1 cup/day; 0.81 (0.58-1.13) for 1 cup/day; 0.59 (0.42-0.82) for ≥2 cups/day; P for trend, 0.002. With the combination they were 1.0 (referent) for no consumption of green tea and coffee; 0.49 (0.24-0.99) for 2-3 cups/day of green tea with ≥2 cups/day of coffee; 0.42 (0.20-0.88) for ≥4 cups/day of green tea with 1 cup/day of coffee; and 0.37 (0.18-0.77) for ≥4 cups/day of green tea with ≥2 cups/day of coffee. CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of green tea and coffee was associated with reduced all-cause mortality: their combined effect appeared to be additive in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Diabetes Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamaki Jodai-Kitamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Yoshinari M, Higashioka M, Yoshida D, Shibata M, Honda T, Sakata S, Kato H, Teramoto T, Maki H, Nishimoto S, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. 30-minute postload plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test predict the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Hisayama Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001156. [PMID: 32675171 PMCID: PMC7368480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the associations of 30 min postload plasma glucose (30 mPG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the risk of future diabetes in a general Japanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2957 Japanese community-dwelling residents without diabetes, aged 40-79 years, participated in the examinations in 2007 and 2008 (participation rate, 77.1%). Among them, 2162 subjects who received 75 g OGTT in a fasting state with measurements of plasma glucose level at 0, 30, and 120 min were followed up for 7 years (2007-2014). Cox's proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs of each index for the development of type 2 diabetes using continuous variables and quartiles with adjustment for traditional risk factors. The influence of 30 mPG on the predictive ability was estimated with Harrell's C-statistics, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and the continuous net reclassification index (cNRI). RESULTS During follow-up, 275 subjects experienced type 2 diabetes. Elevated 30 mPG levels were significantly associated with increased risk of developing diabetes (p<0.01 for trend): the multivariable-adjusted HR was 8.41 (95% CI 4.97 to 14.24) for the highest versus the lowest quartile, and 2.26 (2.04 to 2.52) per 1 SD increase. This association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels. Incorporation of 30 mPG into the model including traditional risk factors with fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels for diabetes improved the predictive ability of type 2 diabetes (improvement in Harrell's C-statistics values: from 0.828 to 0.839, p<0.01; IDI: 0.016, p<0.01; cNRI: 0.103, p=0.37). CONCLUSIONS Elevated 30 mPG levels were associated with increased risk of diabetes, and inclusion of 30 mPG levels significantly improved the predictive ability for future diabetes, suggesting that 30 mPG may be useful for identifying high-risk populations for type 2 diabetes.
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Grants
- Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H29-Junkankitou-Ippan-003 and H30-Shokuhin-[Sitei]-005)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (JP16H02692),(B) (JP16H05850, JP17H04126, and JP18H02737),and (C) (JP17K09114, JP17K09113, JP17K01853, JP18K07565, JP18K09412, and JP19K07890) and for Early-Career Scientists (JP18K17925 and JP18K17382) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (Tokyo, Japan)
- the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP19dk0207025, JP19ek0210082, JP19ek0210083, JP19km0405202, JP19ek0210080, and JP19fk0108075)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Development & Design Department, Japan Business Division, Suntory Beverage & Food Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Teramoto
- Development & Design Department, Japan Business Division, Suntory Beverage & Food Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Maki
- Development & Design Department, Japan Business Division, Suntory Beverage & Food Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishimoto
- Development & Design Department, Japan Business Division, Suntory Beverage & Food Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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