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Fan Y, Ma L, Fang X, Du S, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Sun X, Jia H, Xu C, Xu Q. Role of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in ferroptosis of adipose tissue during ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01034-8. [PMID: 39067746 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Postpartum cows experience lipolysis in adipose tissue due to negative energy balance (NEB), and accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) leads to metabolic stress in adipose tissue. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death triggered by excessive buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, which is involved in the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases in nonruminants. However, it is still unclear whether ferroptosis occurs in the adipose tissue of ketotic cows and the regulatory mechanisms behind ferroptosis. Despite multiple studies demonstrating the significant involvement of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in regulating cellular dysfunction, its specific function in adipose tissue of ketotic dairy cows remains uncertain, particularly its regulation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. The study aimed to explore the impact of HIF-1α on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The adipose tissue of clinical ketosis cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of 3.13 mM (interquartile range = 0.14) and healthy cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of and 0.58 mM (interquartile range = 0.13) was collected. The results showed that the concentrations of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+ and total iron were increased in adipose tissue of cows with ketosis, while the contents of glutathione (GSH) were reduced. Furthermore, the protein levels of HIF-1α, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) exhibited higher abundance in adipose tissue obtained from cows with ketosis, whereas the protein abundance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were lower. To simulate the ferroptosis state of adipose tissue in ketotic cows, primary bovine adipocytes were isolated from the adipose tissue of healthy cows and cultured with erastin to construct ferroptosis model. Adipocytes were cultured with either an adenovirus overexpressing HIF-1α or small interfering RNA targeting HIF-for 48 h, followed by exposure to erastin (1 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with erastin led to higher protein abundance of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2 and HMOX1, while it inhibited the protein expression levels of GCLC, SLC7A11, GCLM, GPX4 and KEAP1. Furthermore, erastin treatment elevated the levels of ROS, MDA, Fe2+, total iron and reduced the content of GSH. The overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the erastin-induced decreases in the protein abundance of GPX4 and SLC7A11, as well as the levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while significantly increasing protein abundance and content of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, GPX4, SLC7A11 and GSH. Conversely, the silencing of HIF-1α further exacerbated the erastin-induced levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while inhibiting the upregulation of SOD1, CAT, NFE2L2 and HMOX1. Collectively, these findings suggest that activation of HIF-1α may function as an adaptive mechanism to mitigate ferroptosis and alleviate oxidative stress in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuyu Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - John Mauck
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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Vlasiuk E, Zawari M, Whitehead R, Williman J, Carr AC. A High Vitamin C Micronutrient Supplement Is Unable to Attenuate Inflammation in People with Metabolic Syndrome but May Improve Metabolic Health Indices: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:404. [PMID: 38671852 PMCID: PMC11047647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of people with metabolic syndrome and is thought to contribute to the condition progressing to the more severe type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to carry out a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial in people with metabolic syndrome to determine if supplementation with a micronutrient formula containing 1000 mg/d vitamin C could attenuate inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome. We recruited 72 adults aged a median of 52 years with metabolic syndrome, defined as obesity (based on waist circumference or BMI), and at least two of hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, lowered HDL cholesterol, hypertension, or taking medications for these conditions. A further inclusion criteria comprised C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations ≥ 3 mg/L, i.e., high risk of CVD. The participants were randomised to daily micronutrient formula (n = 37) or matched placebo control (n = 35) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in CRP concentrations and secondary outcomes included changes in vitamin C concentrations, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα), oxidative stress marker (F2isoprostanes), glycaemic indices (glucose, insulin, HbA1c), lipid markers (triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol), anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI), insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, and metabolic severity score. The participants had a low median (Q1, Q3) vitamin C status of 29 (15, 41) µmol/L and a high proportion of hypovitaminosis C (38%) and outright deficiency (19%). Following 12 weeks of micronutrient supplementation, at least 70% of the participants reached adequate vitamin C status (≥50 µmol/L), however, there was no change in CRP concentrations relative to the placebo group (Δ-0.3 [95%CI -2.7, 2.1] mg/L, p = 0.8). Similar trends were observed for IL-6, TNFα and F2isoprostanes (p > 0.05). Instead, there were small improvements in BMI, fasting glucose and HbA1c concentrations, insulin sensitivity and metabolic severity score in the micronutrient group relative to placebo (p < 0.05). Overall, 12-week micronutrient supplementation was unable to mitigate systemic inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome but may improve several metabolic health indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Vlasiuk
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (E.V.); (M.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Masuma Zawari
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (E.V.); (M.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Rebekah Whitehead
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (E.V.); (M.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Jonathan Williman
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (E.V.); (M.Z.); (R.W.)
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Zhou H, Xu M, Pan Y, Wang S, Xu Z, Liu L, Liu X. The association between several serum micronutrients and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results from NHANES 2003-2006. Prostate 2024; 84:212-220. [PMID: 37899678 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that affects the quality of life of older men. Specific micronutrients, including retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids, vitamin E, and vitamin C, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the correlation between serum concentrations of these micronutrients and BPH is unclear. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 2067 representative US men. BPH was assessed using the self-reported questionnaire. This association was explored by adjusting for confounders using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS After fully adjusting for confounders, for every 0.01 μmol/L increase in serum retinyl esters, the risk of BPH increased by 2% (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; p = 0.006). Based on the Bonferroni-corrected p-value, we found this correlation to be significant. One μmol/L increase in total carotenoids was associated with a 22% increase in BPH risk (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46; p = 0.025). By analyzing the correlation between different types of carotenoids and BPH, we also found that β-carotenoids (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03-1.99; p = 0.036) was also positively correlated with BPH. The subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum vitamin E (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04; p = 0.018) and BPH in men under 60 years of age. Serum retinyl ester (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.008) and carotenoid (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.87; p < 0.001) concentrations were positively correlated with BPH in men over 60 years of age. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that excessive serum retinyl esters, total carotenoids, and especially β-carotenoids are potential risk factors for BPH, and this association should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhunan Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Mirzababaei A, Mahmoodi M, Keshtkar A, Ashraf H, Abaj F, Soveid N, Hajmir MM, Radmehr M, Khalili P, Mirzaei K. Serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide and kynurenine novel biomarkers are associated with adult metabolic syndrome and its components: a case-control study from the TEC cohort. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1326782. [PMID: 38321994 PMCID: PMC10844432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1326782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic research suggests that gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dysbiosis can influence Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, as well as kynurenine pathways (KP), which are known as a new marker for an early predictor of chronic diseases. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the association between KYN and TMAO with MetS and its components. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 250 adults aged 18 years or over of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Employee's Cohort study (TEC) in the baseline phase. Data on the dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary intakes of nitrite and nitrate were estimated using FFQ with 144 items. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP criteria. Serum profiles TMAO and KYN were measured by standard protocol. Result The mean level of TMAO and KYN in subjects with MetS was 51.49 pg/mL and 417.56 nmol/l. High levels of TMAO (≥30.39 pg/mL) with MetS were directly correlated, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of MetS in individuals 2.37 times increased (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.31-4.28, P-value = 0.004), also, high levels of KYN (≥297.18 nmol/L) increased odds of Mets+ 1.48 times, which is statistically significant (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.83-2.63, P-value = 0.04). High levels of TMAO compared with the reference group increased the odds of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL in crude and adjusted models (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant high level of KYN increased odds of abdominal obesity (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study revealed a positive association between serum TMAO and KYN levels and MetS and some of its components. For underlying mechanisms and possible clinical implications of the differences. Prospective studies in healthy individuals are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Ashraf
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Neda Soveid
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Mehri Hajmir
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Radmehr
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Khalili
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
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Solangi M, Khan KM, Ji X, Özil M, Baltaş N, Salar U, Khan A, Haq ZU, Meghwar H, Taha M. Indole-pyridine carbonitriles: multicomponent reaction synthesis and bio-evaluation as potential hits against diabetes mellitus. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1943-1965. [PMID: 37929570 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant health disorder; therefore, researchers should focus on discovering new drug candidates. Methods: A series of indole-pyridine carbonitrile derivatives, 1-34, were synthesized through a one-pot multicomponent reaction and evaluated for antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. Results: In this library, 12 derivatives - 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10-12, 14, 15 and 31 - exhibited potent inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, in comparison to acarbose (IC50 = 14.50 ± 0.11 μM). Furthermore, kinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity and molecular docking studies were used to interpret the type of inhibition, binding energies and interactions of ligands with target enzymes. Conclusion: These results indicate that the compounds may be promising hits for controlling diabetes mellitus and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Solangi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Herchand Meghwar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Li J, Song F. A causal relationship between antioxidants, minerals and vitamins and metabolic syndrome traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:194. [PMID: 37817280 PMCID: PMC10563368 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence regarding the association of antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits is currently limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between genetically predicted antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins, and MetS. METHODS In this study, we utilized genetic variation as instrumental variable (IV) to capture exposure data related to commonly consumed dietary nutrients, including antioxidants (β-carotene, lycopene, and uric acid), minerals (copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium), and vitamins (folate, vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K1). The outcomes of interest, namely MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 403,943), were assessed using pooled data obtained from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Finally, we applied the inverse variance weighting method as the result and conducted a sensitivity analysis for further validation. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher iron (OR = 1.070, 95% CI 1.037-1.105, P = 2.91E-05) and magnesium levels (OR = 1.130, 95% CI 1.058-1.208, P = 2.80E-04) were positively associated with increased risk of MetS. For each component of MetS, higher level of genetically predicted selenium (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.957-0.986, P = 1.09E-04) was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels, while vitamin K1 (OR = 1.023, 95% CI 1.012-1.033, P = 2.90E-05) was positively correlated with HDL-C levels. Moreover, genetically predicted vitamin D (OR = 0.985, 95% CI 0.978-0.992, P = 5.51E-5) had a protective effect on FBG levels. Genetically predicted iron level (OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.022-1.064, P = 4.33E-05) had a risk effect on TG level. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that genetically predicted some specific, but not all, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins may be causally related to the development of MetS traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Barale C, Melchionda E, Tempesta G, Morotti A, Russo I. Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37627603 PMCID: PMC10451697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic disorders are strongly linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and it is unanimously accepted that regular exercise training is a key tool to improving CV risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging by endogenous antioxidant capacity is the common ground among these metabolic disorders, and each of them affects platelet function. However, the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetes and lipid profile in dyslipidemia as well as the lowering of body weight in obesity all correlate with amelioration of platelet function. Habitual physical exercise triggers important mechanisms related to the exercise benefits for health improvement and protects against CV events. Platelets play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development of arterial thrombosis, and physical (in)activity has been shown to interfere with platelet function. Although data reported by studies carried out on this topic show discrepancies, the current knowledge on platelet function affected by exercise mainly depends on the type of applied exercise intensity and whether acute or habitual, strenuous or moderate, thus suggesting that physical activity and exercise intensity may interfere with platelet function differently. Thus, this review is designed to cover the aspects of the relationship between physical exercise and vascular benefits, with an emphasis on the modulation of platelet function, especially in some metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (E.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.)
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Šebeková K, Staruchová M, Mišľanová C, Líšková A, Horváthová M, Tulinská J, Lehotská Mikušová M, Szabová M, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Csongová M, Tábi T, Szökö É, Volkovová K. Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Status Markers with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in 40-to-45-Year-Old Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1221. [PMID: 37371951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and sterile inflammation play roles in the induction and maintenance of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study cohort included 170 females aged 40 to 45 years who were categorized according to the presentation of MetS components (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and elevated systolic blood pressure) as controls not presenting a single component (n = 43), those with pre-MetS displaying one to two components (n = 70), and females manifesting MetS, e.g., ≥3 components (n = 53). We analyzed the trends of seventeen oxidative and nine inflammatory status markers across three clinical categories. A multivariate regression of selected oxidative status and inflammatory markers on the components of MetS was performed. Markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and advanced-glycation-end-products-associated fluorescence of plasma) were similar across the groups. Healthy controls displayed lower uricemia and higher bilirubinemia than females with MetS; and lower leukocyte counts, concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukine-6, and higher levels of carotenoids/lipids and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products than those with pre-MetS and MetS. In multivariate regression models, levels of C-reactive protein, uric acid, and interleukine-6 were consistently associated with MetS components, although the impacts of single markers differed. Our data suggest that a proinflammatory imbalance precedes the manifestation of MetS, while an imbalance of oxidative status accompanies overt MetS. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether determining markers beyond traditional ones could help improve the prognosis of subjects at an early stage of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csilla Mišľanová
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurélia Líšková
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Lehotská Mikušová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarína Volkovová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Mautone Gomes H, Silveira AK, Gasparotto J, Bortolin RC, Terra SR, Brum PO, Gelain DP, Fonseca Moreira JC. Effects of coconut oil long-term supplementation in Wistar rats during metabolic syndrome - regulation of metabolic conditions involving glucose homeostasis, inflammatory signals, and oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109272. [PMID: 36681309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effects of Fructose (20%) feeding in rats, simulating metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the effects of coconut oil (C.O.) supplementation when administered in a MetS context. MetS is a cluster of systemic conditions that represent an increased chance of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in the future. C.O. has been the target of media speculation, and recent studies report inconsistent results. C.O. improved glucose homeostasis and reduced fat accumulation in Fructose-fed rats while decreasing the levels of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver. C.O. supplementation also increased TGs levels and fructosamine in serum during MetS, possibly due to white adipose tissue breakdown and high fructose feeding. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were also increased in rats treated with Fructose and C.O. Oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine is increased in fructose-fed animals, and C.O. treatment did not prevent this damage. No significant changes were observed in lipoperoxidation marker 4-Hydroxynonenal; however, fructose feeding increased total conjugated dienes and caused conjugated dienes to switch their conformation from cis-trans to trans-trans, which was not prevented by C.O. treatment. Potential benefits of C.O. have been reported with inconsistent results, and indeed we observed some benefits of C.O. supplementation in aiding weight loss, fat accumulation, and improving glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, we also demonstrated that long-term C.O. supplementation could present some problematic effects with higher risk for individuals suffering MetS, including increased TGs and fructosamine levels and conformational changes in dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Mautone Gomes
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre K Silveira
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calixto Bortolin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de La Costa - Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Silvia R Terra
- Hospital Veterinário UNISUL, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Pedro O Brum
- Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, Universität Wien, department of microbiology, immunology and genetics, Max Perutz Labs, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel P Gelain
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil
| | - José C Fonseca Moreira
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Brazil
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11
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Sekgala MD, Opperman M, Mpahleni B, Mchiza ZJR. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in taxi drivers: A focus on street food. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112975. [PMID: 36908907 PMCID: PMC9996058 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, similar to other populous countries, the taxi industry is an important form of transportation that contributes to the country's development. As a result, minibus taxi driving is an occupation characterized by strenuous activities such as long hours of driving, limited rest, and challenges related to securing passengers, among several others. Consequently, to combat stress, some commercial drivers resort to smoking, overeating unhealthy food sold at transportation interchange areas (i.e., taxi ranks), and participating in sedentary behaviors. Most of these activities are risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that predispose South African taxi drivers who work in the Cape Town Metropole area to the risk of developing MetS. Methods This cross-sectional study used a convenient sampling method that included 185 male minibus taxi drivers aged 20 years or above. The participants were interviewed using a validated questionnaire to gather information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle practices. They also underwent physical and metabolic assessments, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose people with MetS. Results Overall, the mean age and driving experience of the taxi drivers were 40.0 years (SD: 10.7) and 9.1 years (SD: 7.4), respectively, with those with MetS being significantly older and having more driving experience than those without. Older participants were 3 and 2.9 times more likely to be diagnosed with MetS than the younger participants. Most taxi drivers (70%) met the IDF diagnostic criteria for MetS. Smokers, those who spent more than 100 ZAR (USD 5.9) and those who spent less than 1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity were 1.96, 2.0, and 13.6 times more likely to suffer from MetS that those who were nonsmokers, those who spent less than 100 ZAR and those who spent <1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity. Consumption of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), as well as takeaway and fried foods, snacks, and sold by the SF vendors, increased the likelihood of developing MetS, abnormal HDL-C, TG, and hypertension, while avoiding takeaway and fried foods decreased this likelihood. Taxi drivers who also avoided consuming fresh fruits had abnormal HDL-C. Conclusion These findings have significant public health implications, highlighting the need for South African policymakers to adopt a system-level approach to promote lifestyle changes among taxi drivers within the taxi industry. This can help reduce the health risks faced by these drivers and improve their overall health profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machoene Derrick Sekgala
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Human and Social Capabilities, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maretha Opperman
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Buhle Mpahleni
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Choudhary R, Singh A, Upadhyay A, Singh R, Thangalakshmi S, Dar AH, Bajpai VK, Shukla S. Exotic god fruit, persimmon (
Diospyros kaki
): Pharmacological importance and human health aspects. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Choudhary
- TERI‐Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Division of Sustainable Agriculture The Energy and Resources Institute, Gwal Pahari Haryana Gurugram India
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli Sonipat Haryana India
| | - Ashutosh Upadhyay
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli Sonipat Haryana India
| | - Rakhi Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli Sonipat Haryana India
| | - S. Thangalakshmi
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli Sonipat Haryana India
| | - Aamir H. Dar
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Sciences and Technology Awantipora Kashmir India
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- TERI‐Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Division of Sustainable Agriculture The Energy and Resources Institute, Gwal Pahari Haryana Gurugram India
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13
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Shu DY, Chaudhary S, Cho KS, Lennikov A, Miller WP, Thorn DC, Yang M, McKay TB. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act. Metabolites 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837806 PMCID: PMC9960073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress, which is a key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In this review, we present the current evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions affecting both the anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) and posterior segment (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) of the human eye. We posit that further development of therapeutic interventions to promote pro-regenerative responses and maintenance of the redox balance may delay or prevent the progression of these major ocular pathologies. Continued efforts in this field will not only yield a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ocular diseases but also enable the identification of novel druggable redox targets and antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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14
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Weening EH, Al-Mubarak AA, Dokter MM, Dickstein K, Lang CC, Ng LL, Metra M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Touw DJ, de Boer RA, Gansevoort RT, Voors AA, Bakker SJL, van der Meer P, Bomer N. Sexual dimorphism in selenium deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome and prevalence of heart disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:8. [PMID: 36635707 PMCID: PMC9838024 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum selenium levels have been associated with the incidence of heart failure (HF) and signs of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, notable differences have been reported between males and females in food intake and micronutrient metabolism, possibly explaining different health outcomes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to elucidate sex-specific, cross-sectional phenotypic differences in the association of serum selenium concentrations with parameters of metabolic syndrome and HF. METHODS We investigated data from individuals from a community-based cohort (PREVEND; N = 4288) and heart failure cohort (BIOSTAT-CHF; N = 1994). In both populations, cross-sectional analyses were performed for potential interaction (p < 0.1) between sex and serum selenium with overlapping signs and clinical parameters of the metabolic syndrome and HF. RESULTS Baseline selenium levels of the total cohort were similar between PREVEND (85.7 μg/L) and BIOSTAT-CHF (89.1 μg/L). Females with lower selenium levels had a higher BMI and increased prevalence of diabetes than females with higher selenium, in both PREVEND (pinteraction < 0.001; pinteraction = 0.040, resp.) and BIOSTAT-CHF (pinteraction = 0.021; pinteraction = 0.024, resp.), while opposite associations were observed for males. Additionally, in females, but not in males, lower selenium was associated with a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) in PREVEND (pinteraction = 0.021) and BIOSTAT-CHF (pinteraction = 0.084). CONCLUSION Lower selenium was associated with a higher BMI and increased prevalence of diabetes in females, opposite to males, and was also associated with more MI in females. Interventional studies are needed to validate this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerde H. Weening
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali A. Al-Mubarak
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin M. Dokter
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Chim C. Lang
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Leong L. Ng
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE3 9QP UK
| | - Marco Metra
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J. Touw
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Voors
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity: Profile of Mitochondrial Function and Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010165. [PMID: 36671026 PMCID: PMC9854635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are health problems of increasing prevalence in developed countries. The link between obesity and hypertension is not yet fully determined. Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial function may play a role in obesity-associated hypertension. A cross-sectional study with 175 subjects with normal weight, overweight, or obese who attended a medical check-up was included. The subjects were divided according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal-weight (n-53), overweight (n-84), and obesity (n-38). Hypertension was also evaluated. To measure mitochondrial function, ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis in platelets and serum, respectively, were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipohydroperoxides, 8-isoprostanes, carbonyl groups in proteins, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHG), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by standard colorimetric or immunoassay methods. Obese subjects showed lower ATP hydrolysis activity than normal weight and overweight subjects (p < 0.01). No differences between those groups were found in ATP synthase and catalase activities, lipid hydroperoxides, carbonyl groups in proteins, 8-isoprostanes, and NO metabolites. In the obesity group, SOD activity (p < 0.01) was decreased while 8-OHG (p < 0.01) was increased. Subjects with hypertension showed increased 8-OHG (p < 0.01) and less reparative enzyme (hOGG1 p = 0.04) than subjects with normal weight. Moreover, we found a decrease of SOD (p < 0.01), catalase activities (p = 0.04), NO metabolites (p < 0.01), and increases of carbonyl groups in proteins (p = 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.01 in hypertensive subjects. Obese subjects show a decrease in ATP hydrolysis. The decrease in ATP hydrolysis rate and ATP synthesis and an increase in OS and inflammation markers were associated with the hypertensive state.
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16
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Lee CY. Effects of dietary vitamins on obesity-related metabolic parameters. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e47. [PMID: 37123391 PMCID: PMC10131053 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic factors, some underlying medical conditions, and obesity are risk factors of T2DM. Unlike other risk factors which are non-modifiable, obesity is preventable and usually treatable, and is largely contributed by lifestyle factors. Management of these lifestyle factors may curb the development of T2DM and reduces T2DM prevalence. Dietary vitamins have been recommended as a lifestyle modification intervention to support obesity treatment. Vitamins correlate negatively with body weight, body mass index and body composition. Some of the vitamins may also have anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, results from pre-clinical and clinical studies of the effects of vitamins on obesity are inconsistent. A clear understanding of the effects of vitamins on obesity will help determine dietary intervention that is truly effective in preventing and treating obesity as well as obesity-related complications including T2DM. This article reviews existing evidences of the effects of vitamin supplementation on obesity and obesity-related metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: Chooi Yeng Lee, email
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17
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Shin KS, Lim DW, Son CG. Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Amomum xanthioides Ameliorates Metabolic-Syndrome-Like Pathological Conditions in Long-Term HFHFD-Fed Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2254. [PMID: 36421440 PMCID: PMC9687221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern society, numerous metabolic disorders are widespread globally. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether Bacillus subtilis-fermented Amomum xanthioides (BSAX) exerts anti-metabolic disturbance effects compared with the ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX), a previously verified functional fraction. Mice fed with a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 10 wk presented a typical model of metabolic dysfunction, and BSAX significantly attenuated a string of metabolic-syndrome-related pathological parameters, such as body, fat, organ mass, lipid markers (TGs, TC, free fatty acids), and glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin), without influencing appetite. Further, BSAX markedly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS in the blood and restored antioxidative parameters (SOD, GSH, and CAT in liver tissue, and total bilirubin in serum) by elevating Nrf2 and HO-1. Moreover, BSAX noticeably restored gut microbiota diversity and normalized lipid-metabolism-associated proteins, including SREBP-1, p-AMPK, and PPAR-α. Generally, most metabolic parameters were improved by BSAX to a greater extent than EFAX, except for liver weight and hepatic TC. In conclusion, BSAX alleviates metabolic dysfunction by enhancing lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity and is more effective than EFAX. Therefore, the application of high-yield, effective BSAX might be a promising approach for curing and preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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18
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Nanoscale Delivery Systems of Lutein: An Updated Review from a Pharmaceutical Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091852. [PMID: 36145601 PMCID: PMC9501598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural lipid-soluble pigments that produce yellow to red colors in plants as well as providing bright coloration in vegetables and fruits. Lutein belongs to the xanthophyll subgroup of the carotenoid family, which plays an essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in nature. In the human body, lutein, together with its isomer zeaxanthin and its metabolite meso-zeaxanthin, accumulates in the macula of the eye retina, which is responsible for central, high-resolution, and color vision. As a bioactive phytochemical, lutein has essential physiological functions, providing photoprotection against damaging blue light, along with the neutralization of oxidants and the preservation of the structural and functional integrity of cellular membranes. As a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, lutein unfortunately has a low bioavailability because of its lipophilicity and a low stability as a result of its conjugated double bonds. In order to enhance lutein stability and bioavailability and achieve its controlled delivery to a target, nanoscale delivery systems, which have great potential for the delivery of bioactive compounds, are starting to be employed. The current review highlights the advantages and innovations associated with incorporating lutein within promising nanoscale delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymer nanoparticles, and polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles, as well as their unique physiochemical properties.
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19
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Metformin alleviates long-term high-fructose diet-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in rats by regulating purine nucleotide cycle. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175234. [PMID: 36058289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient excess caused by excessive fructose intake can lead to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which further causes the development of metabolic syndrome. Metformin is a well-known AMPK activator widely used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, while the mechanism of AMPK activation remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of metformin on fructose-induced insulin resistance rat, and the potential mechanism underlying AMPK activation in skeletal muscle tissue. Results indicated that metformin significantly ameliorated features of insulin resistance, including body weight, Lee's index, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin intolerance and pancreatic damage. Moreover, treatment with metformin attenuated the inflammatory response in serum and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle tissue. The therapeutic effects of metformin on fructose-induced insulin resistance may be related to the activation of AMPK to regulate Nrf2 pathway and mitochondrial abnormality. Additionally, metformin suppressed the expression of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) and up-regulated the expression of adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS) in the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which facilitated the increase of AMP level and the ratio of AMP/ATP. Therefore, we proposed a novel mechanism that metformin activated AMPK via increasing AMP by regulating the expression of AMPD1 and ADSS in PNC pathway.
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20
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Ren T, Lin W, He S, Yang X, Xian M, Zhang Z, Luo W, Nie Q, Zhang X. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data Reveals the Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Lutein in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906853. [PMID: 35812876 PMCID: PMC9260106 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein can increase the body's skin color and has antioxidant potential. However, how it affects lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in chickens remains unknown. In this study, 74-day-old male chickens raised on feed supplemented with lutein had higher hip, back, breast, leg, shin and abdominal fat yellowness than the control group, and the livers of chickens in the lutein group had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower malondialdehyde activities. To clarify the potential regulatory network regulated by lutein, we used RNA-seq and nontargeted metabolomics to detect changes in the male chicken liver and plasma, respectively. A total of 243 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways, among others. A total of 237 significantly different metabolites were enriched in lysine biosynthesis and degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism signaling pathways, among others. Finally, we comprehensively analyzed metabolome and transcriptome data and found that many differentially expressed genes and significantly different metabolites play crucial roles in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In summary, dietary lutein can improve male chicken skin yellowness and antioxidant indices and affect liver gene expression and plasma metabolites and may help improve the health of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizi He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiquan Zhang
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Qorbani M, Seif E, Heshmat R, Ghonbalani ZN, Basiry P, Kazemian E, Kelishadi R. Association of Serum Retinol Concentrations With Metabolic Syndrome Components in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:807634. [PMID: 35634391 PMCID: PMC9137422 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.807634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin A plays a crucial role in adipogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance, and obesity. However, it is still unclear whether they are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between serum retinol concentration and the cluster of metabolic syndrome components among children and adolescents. Methods This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed on 2,518 students aged 7–18 years from the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non- communicable disease (CASPIAN-V) study. Students were selected via multistage cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran in 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of serum retinol concentration with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. Results Overall, the mean (SD) age of study participants was 12.16 (3.04) years, and 44.9% (n = 1,166) of them were girls. The mean serum retinol concentration was 1.48 ± 1.55 μmol/L and vitamin A deficiency was observed among 19.7% (95% CI: 18.2–21.3) of study subjects. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that increasing serum retinol concentrations were associated with an increased likelihood of developing obesity (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20), abdominal obesity (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35), whereas it was associated with a decreased odds of developing high blood pressure (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant association between metabolic syndrome itself and retinol concentration (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.18). Conclusion We found that serum retinol concentration was positively associated with metabolic syndrome components such as obesity, low HDL-C, and high FBG, but not with metabolic syndrome itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seif
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nouri Ghonbalani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pouria Basiry
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Elham Kazemian
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Radlinger B, Grabherr F, Philipp M, Texler B, Grander C, Ritsch A, Hunjadi M, Enrich B, Salzmann K, Ran Q, Huber LA, Tilg H, Kaser S, Adolph TE. Adipocyte GPX4 protects against inflammation, hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:951-959. [PMID: 35031697 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and related disorders, afflicting substantial morbidity and mortality to individuals worldwide. White visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue not only serves as energy storage but also controls metabolism. Adipose tissue inflammation, commonly observed in human obesity, is considered a critical driver of metabolic perturbation while molecular hubs are poorly explored. Metabolic stress evoked by e.g. long-chain fatty acids leads to oxidative perturbation of adipocytes and production of inflammatory cytokines, fuelling macrophage infiltration and systemic low-grade inflammation. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation, accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and cell death, collectively referred to as ferroptosis. Here, we explore the function of adipocyte GPX4 in mammalian metabolism. METHODS We studied the regulation and function of GPX4 in differentiated mouse adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. We generated two conditional adipocyte-specific Gpx4 knockout mice by crossing Gpx4fl/fl mice with Adipoq-Cre+ (Gpx4-/-AT) or Fabp4-Cre+ (Gpx4+/-Fabp4) mice. Both models were metabolically characterized by a glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test, and adipose tissue lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell death were assessed by quantifying oxygen-specific epitopes, transcriptional analysis of chemokines, quantification of F4/80+ macrophages and TUNEL labelling. RESULTS GPX4 expression was induced during and required for adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes, impaired GPX4 activity spontaneously evoked lipid peroxidation and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and the IL-8 homologue CXCL1. Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously displayed adipocyte hypertrophy on a chow diet, which was paralleled by the accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Furthermore, Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously developed glucose intolerance, hepatic insulin resistance and systemic low-grade inflammation, when compared to wildtype littermates, which was similarly recapitulated in Gpx4+/-Fabp4 mice. Gpx4-/-AT mice exhibited no signs of adipocyte death. CONCLUSION Adipocyte GPX4 protects against spontaneous metabolic dysregulation and systemic low-grade inflammation independent from ferroptosis, which could be therapeutically exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maureen Philipp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Texler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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A Causal Relationship between Vitamin C Intake with Hyperglycemia and Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050857. [PMID: 35624721 PMCID: PMC9137888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress can contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS), and antioxidants can protect against its development. Vitamin C (VC) is a well-known antioxidant, and observational studies have associated a deficiency with an increased MetS risk. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary VC intake caused an inverse relation of MetS and its components risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method in adults ≥40 years in a city hospital-based (n = 58,701) and Ansan/Ansung plus rural (n = 13,598) cohorts. Independent genetic variants associated with dietary VC intake were explored using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with significance levels of p < 5 × 10−5 and linkage disequilibrium (r2 threshold of 0.001), after adjusting for the covariates related to MetS, in a city hospital-based cohort (n = 52,676) excluding the participants having vitamin supplementation. MR methods, including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted model, were used to determine the causal relationship between the dietary VC intake and the risk of MetS and its components in Ansan/Ansung plus rural cohorts (n = 11,733). Heterogeneity and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted. Energy intake, as well as other nutrient intakes, were significantly lower in the low VC intake group than in the high VC intake group, but the incidence of MetS and its components, including hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, was observationally higher in inadequate low VC intake in the combined cohorts. In MR analysis, insufficient dietary VC intake increased the risk of MetS, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in an IVW (p < 0.05). In contrast, only the serum fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly associated with VC intake in weight median analysis (p < 0.05), but there was no significant association of low dietary VC with MetS and its components in MR-Egger. There was no likelihood of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in MetS and its components. A single genetic variant did not affect their association in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, insufficient dietary VC intake potentially increased the MetS and hyperglycemia risk in Asian adults. Low VC intake can contribute to increasing type 2 diabetes incidence in Asians.
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Lycopene: A Potent Antioxidant for the Amelioration of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072335. [PMID: 35408734 PMCID: PMC9000630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is of utmost importance in chronic disease management and has often been described as the cornerstone of a variety of non-communicable diseases. In particular, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a prevalent and global public health crisis. Lycopene, a bright red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, has been extensively studied for its biological activities and treatment efficiency in diabetes care. Epidemiological investigations indicate that lycopene has potential antioxidant properties, is capable of scavenging reactive species, and alleviates oxidative stress in T2DM patients. This review aims to summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of action of lycopene as a potent antioxidant for T2DM. In addition, the evidence demonstrating the effects of lycopene on glycemic control and oxidative stress biomarkers in T2DM are also highlighted using animal and human studies as literature approach.
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Thomas MS, DiBella M, Blesso CN, Malysheva O, Caudill M, Sholola M, Cooperstone JL, Fernandez ML. Comparison between Egg Intake versus Choline Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Plasma Carotenoids in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:1179. [PMID: 35334836 PMCID: PMC8951625 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that intake of three eggs/d for 4 weeks increased plasma choline and decreased inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of the current study was to further explore the effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) provided by eggs versus a choline bitartrate (CB) supplement on the gut microbiota, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) formation, and plasma carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin in MetS. This randomized, controlled crossover clinical trial included 23 subjects with MetS. Following a washout period of 2 weeks without consuming any choline-containing foods, subjects were randomly allocated to consume either three eggs/d or a CB supplement for 4 weeks (both diets had a choline equivalent of 400 mg/day). DNA was extracted from stool samples to sequence the 16S rRNA gene region for community analysis. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the α-diversity of the community were determined using QIIME software. Plasma TMAO, methionine, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) were quantified by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma carotenoids, lutein, and zeaxanthin were measured using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. There were significant increases in plasma lutein and zeaxanthin after egg intake compared to the baseline or intake of CB supplement (p < 0.01). In contrast, TMAO was not different between treatments compared to the baseline (p > 0.05). Additionally, while diet intervention had no effects on microbiota diversity measures or relative taxa abundances, a correlation between bacterial biodiversity and HDL was observed. Following egg intake, the observed increases in plasma lutein and zeaxanthin may suggest additional protection against oxidative stress, a common condition in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu S. Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.T.); (M.D.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Marissa DiBella
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.T.); (M.D.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.T.); (M.D.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciecnces, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14860, USA; (O.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marie Caudill
- Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciecnces, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14860, USA; (O.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Sholola
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.S.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.S.); (J.L.C.)
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.S.T.); (M.D.); (C.N.B.)
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Ojeda ML, Carreras O, Nogales F. The Role of Selenoprotein Tissue Homeostasis in MetS Programming: Energy Balance and Cardiometabolic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020394. [PMID: 35204276 PMCID: PMC8869711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element mainly known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, as it is part of the catalytic center of 25 different selenoproteins. Some of them are related to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) generation, modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the energetic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); they can also regulate the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB), leading to changes in inflammation production. Selenoproteins are also necessary for the correct synthesis of insulin and thyroid hormones. They are also involved in endocrine central regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, affecting growth and development. MetS, a complex metabolic disorder, can appear during gestation and lactation in mothers, leading to energetic and metabolic changes in their offspring that, according to the metabolic programming theory, will produce cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. However, there is a gap concerning Se tissue levels and selenoproteins’ implications in MetS generation, which is even greater during MetS programming. This narrative review also provides an overview of the existing evidence, based on experimental research from our laboratory, which strengthens the fact that maternal MetS leads to changes in Se tissue deposits and antioxidant selenoproteins’ expression in their offspring. These changes contribute to alterations in tissues’ oxidative damage, inflammation, energy balance, and tissue function, mainly in the heart. Se imbalance also could modulate appetite and endocrine energy balance, affecting pups’ growth and development. MetS pups present a profile similar to that of diabetes type 1, which also appeared when dams were exposed to low-Se dietary supply. Maternal Se supplementation should be taken into account if, during gestation and/or lactation periods, there are suspicions of endocrine energy imbalance in the offspring, such as MetS. It could be an interesting therapy to induce heart reprogramming. However, more studies are necessary.
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Luo X, Zhang W, He Z, Yang H, Gao J, Wu P, Ma ZF. Dietary Vitamin C Intake Is Associated With Improved Liver Function and Glucose Metabolism in Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 8:779912. [PMID: 35174195 PMCID: PMC8841761 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.779912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Dietary vitamin C intake might play an important role in reducing the risk of NAFLD. This study assesses the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and diagnostic biomarkers of NAFLD. Methods The data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), nine provinces across four diverse regions (Northeast, East Coast, Central, and West) were included in the study. The dietary vitamin C intake of participants was calculated based on 3-day 24-h diet questionnaires at the individual level. The associations of dietary vitamin C intake and the biochemical indicators of liver function and glucose/lipid metabolism were determined. Results A total of 8,307 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean dietary vitamin C intake for the overall, male and female subjects was 79.8 ± 58.6, 81.6 ± 55.3, and 78.2 ± 61.2 mg/day, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate dietary vitamin C intake for the overall, male and female subjects was 24.4, 26.5, and 22.6%, respectively. Intake of vitamin C was associated with both lower concentrations of plasma ferritin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with higher albumin, even further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), residence, and smoking status. No improvement in lipid metabolism was found. Conclusion This study demonstrated that higher dietary vitamin C intake is a benefit for improving glucose metabolism and liver function in which reducing ferritin, a biomarker of iron accumulation, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqin Luo
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Health Supervision Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangya He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hexiang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Emergency Medical Center, Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Zheng Feei Ma
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Sun C, Zhu T, Zhu Y, Li B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Juan C, Yang S, Zhao Z, Wan R, Lin S, Yin B. Hepatotoxic mechanism of diclofenac sodium on broiler chicken revealed by iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e56. [PMID: 35698810 PMCID: PMC9346521 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the therapeutic doses, diclofenac sodium (DFS) has few toxic side effects on mammals. On the other hand, DFS exhibits potent toxicity against birds and the mechanisms remain ambiguous. Objectives This paper was designed to probe the toxicity of DFS exposure on the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens. Methods Twenty 30-day-old broiler chickens were randomized evenly into two groups (n = 10). DFS was administered orally at 10 mg/kg body weight in group A, while the chickens in group B were perfused with saline as a control. Histopathological observations, serum biochemical examinations, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the liver injury induced by DFS. Proteomics analysis of the liver samples was conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. Results Ultimately, 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, of which 47 were up regulated, and 154 were down regulated. The Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to screen target DEPs associated with DFS hepatotoxicity. The regulatory relationships between DEPs and signaling pathways were embodied via a protein-protein interaction network. The results showed that the DEPs enriched in multiple pathways, which might be related to the hepatotoxicity of DFS, were “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” “retinol metabolism,” and “glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.” Conclusions The hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens might be achieved by inducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes and affecting the metabolism of retinol and purine. The present study could provide molecular insights into the hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Changning Juan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shifa Yang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengcheng Zhao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Renzhong Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Guo H, Liu Z, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang D, Liang J. Associations of Dietary and Circulating Vitamin E Level With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:783990. [PMID: 34957185 PMCID: PMC8692835 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The associations of dietary and circulating vitamin E level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains conflicting. This meta-analysis of observational study was therefore employed to investigate the issue above. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database were searched up to April 2021. The observational studies on the associations of dietary and circulating vitamin E level with MetS were specified. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary and circulating vitamin E level, and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary and circulating vitamin E level for MetS vs. control subjects, were calculated. Results: A total of 25 observational studies with 51,276 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary vitamin E level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85–1.00; P = 0.044). In addition, the dietary vitamin E level in MetS was also lower than that in control subjects according to the overall combined SMD (SMD = −0.08, 95%CI: −0.14 to −0.02; P = 0.024). On the other hand, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR showed no significant relationship between the circulating vitamin E level and MetS (RR = 1.46, 95%CI: 0.85–2.48; P = 0.17). However, the circulating vitamin E level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects according to the overall combined SMD (SMD = −0.58, 95%CI: −1.04 to −0.13; P = 0.013). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the dietary vitamin E level is inversely associated with MetS. On the other hand, current evidence is still insufficient to conclude a relationship between the circulating vitamin E level and MetS. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to address the issues further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dianzhong Zhang
- Center for Teaching and Research of Advanced Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Relationships between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010014. [PMID: 35052521 PMCID: PMC8772725 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; their protective roles are of particular interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reflection spectroscopy method has been recently developed to noninvasively measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels, which highly correlates with serum concentration of carotenoids. The relationship between SC levels and metabolic syndrome has been investigated. We aimed to identify the differences in patient characteristics and SC levels between participants with and without MetS in a large health examination population. In addition, the relationships between SC levels and various clinical parameters related to MetS were investigated. SC levels were measured using a reflection spectroscopy. A total of 1812 Japanese participants (859 male, 953 female; mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 57.8 ± 11.0 years) comprised the study population, i.e., participants with MetS (n = 151) and those without MetS (n = 1661). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with MetS. Compared to controls (377.3 ± 122.8), SC indices were significantly lower in patients with MetS (340.7 ± 112.5, p = 0.0004). Multivariate models also suggested that lower SC was significantly associated with MetS after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, and other potential risk factors for MetS. Furthermore, male gender (p < 0.0001), smoking habit (p < 0.0001) and worse lipid profiles (i.e., serum triglyceride (r = -0.1039, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.1259, p < 0.0001), and usage of hypolipidemic agents (p = 0.0340)) were significantly associated with lower SC levels. The current study indicated that lower SC levels were significantly associated with MetS. This study highlights the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids in patients with MetS and the clinical utility of non-invasive and cost-effective SC measurement to detect participants who are at risk of developing MetS in a large population.
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Impact of adiponectin and quercetin on alleviating palmitic acid-induced kidney cell damage through Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Alam W, Rocca C, Khan H, Hussain Y, Aschner M, De Bartolo A, Amodio N, Angelone T, Cheang WS. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101643. [PMID: 34679777 PMCID: PMC8533599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their poor bioavailability and side effects. Studies have been carried out on medicinal plant extracts for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, isolated pure compounds have shown promising efficacy for the management of metabolic syndrome, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid widely present in medicinal plants, functional foods, vegetables and fruits, exerts protective effects in models of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases and most of these effects are attributed to its antioxidant action. Various preclinical and clinical studies carried out so far show a protective effect of apigenin against metabolic syndrome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on both in vitro and in vivo evidence related to the promising antioxidant role of apigenin in cardioprotection, neuroprotection and renoprotection, and to its beneficial action in metabolic-syndrome-dependent organ dysfunction. We also provide evidence on the potential of apigenin in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome, analysing the potential and limitation of its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 221400, China;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research I.N.R.C., 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China;
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Guo H, Ding J, Liu Q, Li Y, Liang J, Zhang Y. Vitamin C and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:728880. [PMID: 34692744 PMCID: PMC8531097 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.728880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between vitamin C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above issue. Methods: The observational studies on the associations of dietary and circulating (serum and plasma) vitamin C levels with MetS were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase database up to April 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest dietary and circulating vitamin C levels and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary and circulating vitamin C levels for MetS vs. control subjects were calculated, respectively. Results: A total of 28 observational studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Specifically, 23 studies were related to the dietary vitamin C level. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the dietary vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97; P = 0.003). Moreover, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.01; P = 0.024). With regard to the circulating vitamin C level, 11 studies were included. The overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that the circulating vitamin C level was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49-0.74; P < 0.001). In addition, the overall combined SMD showed that the circulating vitamin C level in MetS was lower than that in control subjects (SMD=-0.82, 95%CI: -1.24 to -0.40; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that both dietary and circulating vitamin C level is inversely associated with MetS. However, due to the limitation of the available evidence, more well-designed prospective studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ahn YJ, Kim H. Lutein as a Modulator of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091448. [PMID: 34573081 PMCID: PMC8470349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid obtained from various foods, such as dark green leafy vegetables and egg yolk. Lutein has antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and lipid peroxy radicals. Oxidative stress activates inflammatory mediators, leading to the development of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Thus, recent basic and clinical studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of lutein based on its antioxidant activity and modulation of oxidant-sensitive inflammatory signaling pathways. Lutein suppresses activation of nuclear factor-kB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and induction of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattratant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α) and inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase). It also maintains the content of endogenous antioxidant (glutathione) and activates nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 signaling-related antioxidant enzymes (hemeoxygenase-1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase). In this review, we have discussed the current knowledge regarding the anti-inflammatory function of lutein against inflammatory diseases in various organs, including neurodegenerative disorders, eye diseases, diabetic retinopathy, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, liver injury, obesity, and colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3125; Fax: +82-2-364-5781
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Hosseini-Esfahani F, Alafchi B, Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Mirmiran P, Khalili D, Azizi F. Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Factors Contributing to the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Tehran: Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e27304. [PMID: 34473070 PMCID: PMC8446845 DOI: 10.2196/27304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is considered to be among the most common public health problems worldwide. Objective We aimed to identify and rank the most important nutritional and nonnutritional factors contributing to the development of MetS using a data-mining method. Methods This prospective study was performed on 3048 adults (aged ≥20 years) who participated in the fifth follow-up examination of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, who were followed for 3 years. MetS was defined according to the modified definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III. The importance of variables was obtained by the training set using the random forest model for determining factors with the greatest contribution to developing MetS. Results Among the 3048 participants, 701 (22.9%) developed MetS during the study period. The mean age of the participants was 44.3 years (SD 11.8). The total incidence rate of MetS was 229.9 (95% CI 278.6-322.9) per 1000 person-years and the mean follow-up time was 40.5 months (SD 7.3). The incidence of MetS was significantly (P<.001) higher in men than in women (27% vs 20%). Those affected by MetS were older, married, had diabetes, with lower levels of education, and had a higher BMI (P<.001). The percentage of hospitalized patients was higher among those with MetS than among healthy people, although this difference was only statistically significant in women (P=.02). Based on the variable importance and multiple logistic regression analyses, the most important determinants of MetS were identified as history of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% CI 3.9-10.2, P<.001), BMI (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.2, P<.001), age (OR 1.0, 95% CI 1.0-1.03, P<.001), female gender (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.38-0.63, P<.001), and dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P=.04). Conclusions Based on our findings, the incidence rate of MetS was significantly higher in men than in women in Tehran. The most important determinants of MetS were history of diabetes, high BMI, older age, male gender, and low dietary monounsaturated fatty acid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Alafchi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Cheraghi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Barzegar-Amini M, Khorramruz F, Ghazizadeh H, Sahebi R, Mohammadi-Bajgyran M, Mohaddes Ardabili H, Tayefi M, Darroudi S, Moohebati M, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Mohammadi A, Sadeghnia HR, Ferns GA, Javad Hoseini S, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Association between serum Vitamin E concentrations and the presence of Metabolic Syndrome: A population-based cohort study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021047. [PMID: 34212939 PMCID: PMC8343740 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i3.9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical and metabolic features that include central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. These features are accompanied by increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses. Vitamin E is a major factor in the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. The aim of present study was to investigate the association between serum levels of vitamin E and the presence of MetS and its components in a sample population of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in 128 subjects with MetS and 235 subjects without MetS. MetS was defined according to the International-Diabetes-Federation criteria. Serum levels of vitamin E were measured using the HPLC method. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured using standard protocols. Results. MetS patients had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin E (Vit E), Vit E/Total cholesterol (TC), and Vit E/ (TC+triglyceride(TG)) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Vit E/ (TG+TC) was also significantly lower in diabetics or those with elevated levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Additionally, there was a significant association between Vit E/ (TG + Total Cho) and the number of components of the metabolic syndrome (p= 0.02) Conclusions. There is a significant inverse association between indices of Vit E status and the presence of MetS. Moreover, a significantly lower Vit E/ (TC+TG) was observed along with individuals with increasing numbers of components of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:92:"c. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran";}.
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N. JHS, L. AHAF, R. GVG, da Silveira DCEC, B. PN, Almeida SF. Epidemiology of Trigger Finger: Metabolic Syndrome as a New Perspective of Associated Disease. Hand (N Y) 2021; 16:542-545. [PMID: 31456430 PMCID: PMC8283119 DOI: 10.1177/1558944719867135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the main diseases related to trigger finger. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed with data obtained through a computerized record of 75 patients with trigger finger diagnosis between July 2011 and October 2015. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was performed following National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001). Results: Patients' ages ranged from 50 to 84 years, with a mean age of 63 years. The ring finger was the most affected, followed by the middle finger, index finger, and little finger. Most had a grade 2 trigger finger classified by Green; the right hand involvement was more prevalent, as was the dominant hand. The incidence in women was twice as high as in men. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were shown to be important associated diseases, but metabolic syndrome was the main association found. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome in the group of patients studied in this scientific article seems to be the main associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junot H. S. N.
- Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Junot H. S. Neto, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rua Cesar Zama, 185 – Lins de Vasconcelos, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Saulo F. Almeida
- Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee J, Walker ME, Bourdillon MT, Spartano NL, Rogers GT, Jacques PF, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Conjoint Associations of Adherence to Physical Activity and Dietary Guidelines With Cardiometabolic Health: The Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019800. [PMID: 33784828 PMCID: PMC8174320 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The conjoint associations of adherence to the recent physical activity and dietary guidelines with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are incompletely understood. Methods and Results We evaluated 2379 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Third Generation participants (mean age, 47 years; 54.4% women) attending examination cycle 2. We examined the cross‐sectional relations of adherence to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (binary; moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity ≥150 versus <150 min/wk) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (binary; 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index ≥median versus <median [score, 62.1/100]) with prevalence of the MetS using generalized linear models. We also related adherence to guidelines with the incidence of MetS prospectively, using Cox proportional hazards regression with discrete time intervals. Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.40–0.60) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were individually associated with lower odds of prevalent MetS, whereas conjoint adherence to both guidelines was associated with the lowest odds of MetS (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26–0.47) compared with the referent group (nonadherence to both guidelines). Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.88) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were associated with lower risk of MetS, prospectively. In addition, we observed a 52% lower risk of MetS in individuals who adhered to both guidelines compared with the referent group. Conclusions Maintaining both regular physical activity and a healthy diet in midlife may be required for optimal cardiometabolic health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joowon Lee
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Department of Health Sciences Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesBoston University Boston MA
| | | | - Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Framingham MA
| | - Gail T Rogers
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Framingham MA.,Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Center for Computing and Data Sciences Boston University Boston MA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Framingham MA.,Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
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Gavia-García G, Rosado-Pérez J, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:253. [PMID: 33804844 PMCID: PMC8063797 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A great amount of scientific evidence supports that Oxidative Stress (OxS) can contribute to telomeric attrition and also plays an important role in the development of certain age-related diseases, among them the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by clinical and biochemical alterations such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are considered as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated in turn with an increase of OxS. In this sense, we review scientific evidence that supports the association between OxS with telomere length (TL) dynamics and the relationship with MetS components in aging. It was analysed whether each MetS component affects the telomere length separately or if they all affect it together. Likewise, this review provides a summary of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the mechanisms of telomeric DNA repair, how telomere length may influence the fate of cells or be linked to inflammation and the development of age-related diseases, and finally, how the lifestyles can affect telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
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Miller WP, Sunilkumar S, Dennis MD. The stress response protein REDD1 as a causal factor for oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:127-136. [PMID: 33524531 PMCID: PMC7956244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual dysfunction, yet much remains unknown regarding the specific molecular events that contribute to diabetes-induced retinal pathophysiology. Herein, we review the impact of oxidative stress on DR, and explore evidence that supports a key role for the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage (REDD1) in the development of diabetes-induced oxidative stress and functional defects in vision. It is well established that REDD1 mediates the cellular response to a number of diverse stressors through repression of the central metabolic regulator known as mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A growing body of evidence also supports that REDD1 acts independent of mTORC1 to promote oxidative stress by both enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species and suppressing the antioxidant response. Collectively, there is strong preclinical data to support a key role for REDD1 in the development and progression of retinal complications caused by diabetes. Furthermore, early proof-of-concept clinical trials have found a degree of success in combating ischemic retinal disease through intravitreal delivery of an siRNA targeting the REDD1 mRNA. Overall, REDD1-associated signaling represents an intriguing target for novel clinical therapies that go beyond addressing the symptoms of diabetes by targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Iqbal WA, Mendes I, Finney K, Oxley A, Lietz G. Reduced plasma carotenoids in individuals suffering from metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:879-891. [PMID: 33586569 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1882962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the association between serum carotenoids, serum retinoids and dietary intake outcomes with obesity/overweight and individuals with metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Observational studies reporting dietary intakes and serum concentrations of carotenoids and retinol were collected from Medline and Web of Science. Mean differences were calculated between "cases" (classified as obese, overweight or having a metabolic disease with disturbances in lipid metabolism; i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia or metabolic syndrome) and "comparator group" (classified as normal weight healthy individuals) and summarised in meta-analyses. Significant summary measures were observed for most serum provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids. Studies reporting total serum carotenoids had shown the greatest decrease (-0.28 µmol/l [-0.33, -0.23], p<.001, I2=62.5%, n = 7). There were no significant summary measures for dietary outcomes, suggesting a physiological role of low serum carotenoids in the development of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim A Iqbal
- Plant and Microbe Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ines Mendes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Divino Espírito Santo Hospital, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Kieran Finney
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Melo van Lent D, Egert S, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Weinhold L, Wagner-Thelen H, Maier W, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Schmid M, Scherer M, Riedel-Heller SG, Wagner M. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Alzheimer's Dementia in the Oldest Old. Nutrients 2021; 13:461. [PMID: 33573174 PMCID: PMC7912244 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have different effects on cognitive health due to their anti- or pro-inflammatory properties. METHODS We aimed to prospectively examine the relationships between n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents in serum phospholipids with incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD). We included 1264 non-demented participants aged 84 ± 3 years from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) multicenter-cohort study. We investigated whether fatty acid concentrations in serum phospholipids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA), were associated with risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. RESULTS During the follow-up window of seven years, 233 participants developed dementia. Higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a lower incidence of AD (hazard ratio (HR) 0.76 (95% CI 0.63; 0.93)). We also observed that higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a decreased risk for all-cause dementia (HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.61; 0.94)) and AD (HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.51; 0.85)) among apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) non-carriers but not among APOE ε4 carriers. No other fatty acids were significantly associated with AD or dementia. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a lower risk of incident AD. This further supports a beneficial role of n-3 PUFAs for cognitive health in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Melo van Lent
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.-T.); (W.M.)
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.-T.); (W.M.)
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Holger Wagner-Thelen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.-T.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.-T.); (W.M.)
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.W.); (F.J.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.-T.); (W.M.)
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Baliño P, Romero-Cano R, Muriach M. Biochemical and Behavioral Consequences of Ethanol Intake in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E807. [PMID: 33467410 PMCID: PMC7830398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol abuse is a common issue in individuals with sedentary lifestyles, unbalanced diets, and metabolic syndrome. Both ethanol abuse and metabolic syndrome have negative impacts on the central nervous system, with effects including cognitive impairment and brain oxidative status deterioration. The combined effects of ethanol abuse and metabolic syndrome at a central level have not yet been elucidated in detail. Thus, this work aims to determine the effects of ethanol intake on a mouse model of metabolic syndrome at the behavioral and biochemical levels. Seven-week-old male control (B6.V-Lep ob/+JRj) and leptin-deficient (metabolic syndrome) (B6.V-Lep ob/obJRj) mice were used in the study. Animals were divided into four groups: control, ethanol, obese, and obese-ethanol. Ethanol consumption was monitored for 6 weeks. Basal glycemia, insulin, and glucose overload tests were performed. To assess short- and long-term memory, an object recognition test was used. In order to assess oxidative status in mouse brain samples, antioxidant enzyme activity was analyzed with regard to glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, lipid peroxidation products, and malondialdehyde. Ethanol intake modulated the insulin response and impaired the oxidative status in the ob mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Muriach
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (P.B.); (R.R.-C.)
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Zaeemzadeh N, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A, Movahedinejad M, Mottaghi A, Mohamadzadeh N. Comparison of dietary micronutrient intake in PCOS patients with and without metabolic syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:10. [PMID: 33422126 PMCID: PMC7797083 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. It is one of the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These two syndromes have an inflammatory etiologic foundation along with oxidative stress. The present study aimed to compare the dietary intake of antioxidant micronutrients in PCOS women with and without MetS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 42 participants eligible for this nested case control study were selected by the convenience sampling method. The case group included 14 PCOS patients with MetS and the control group included 28 PCOS patients without MetS. The dietary intake assessment of selenium, chromium, zinc, carotenoids, vitamin D and vitamin E was carried out by a 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). PCOS and MetS were diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria and NCEP ATP III, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS16 software, T-test and Mann Whitney. Significant P-value was considered 0.05. RESULTS Dietary intake of antioxidant micronutrients (selenium, zinc, chromium, carotenoids and vitamin E) was significantly lower in the PCOS women with MetS than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Since the PCOS patients without MetS had more intake of the aforementioned micronutrients than those with MetS, it is assumed that the dietary intake of these nutrients could probably have a protective effect on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zaeemzadeh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeideh Ziaei
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Movahedinejad
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Micronutrients and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Related to Cardiometabolic Health: Results from the EHES-LUX Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010005. [PMID: 33374992 PMCID: PMC7822009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) characteristics include chronic inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. This study assessed associations between circulating concentrations of micronutrients/phytochemicals and inflammatory/oxidative stress markers with MetS and MetS components. Adults (N = 606) from the European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg (2013-2015) were randomly selected. We performed a multivariable logistic regression model using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to identify MetS-associated variables. Participants with MetS had higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, leptin, insulin, and vitamins E/A, but lower concentrations of adiponectin, beta-carotene, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. A one-unit increase in log-CRP was associated with 51% greater odds of MetS (OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.98)). Adults with a one-unit increase in log-leptin were 3.1 times more likely to have MetS (3.10 (2.10, 4.72)). Women with a one-unit increase in vitamin A were associated with 3% increased odds of MetS (1.03 (1.01, 1.05)), while those with a one-unit increase in log-adiponectin were associated with 82% decreased odds (0.18 (0.07, 0.46)). Chronic inflammation best characterized adults with MetS, as CRP, adiponectin, and leptin were selected as the main MetS determinants. Micronutrients did not seem to affect MetS, except for vitamin A in women.
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Guo W, Yi L, Zhou B, Li M. Chitosan modifies glycemic levels in people with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:130. [PMID: 33261597 PMCID: PMC7709411 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan supplementation has been shown to modulate glycemic levels; however, studies have reported conflicting results. The present meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis was conducted to verify the overall influence of chitosan on glycemic levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies of chitosan intake and glycemic levels. RESULTS A total of ten clinical trials including 1473 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes were determined by random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed to analyze the sources of heterogeneity and their influence on the overall results. The results revealed a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels (SMD: - 0.39 mmol/L, 95% CI: - 0.62 to - 0.16) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (SMD: -1.10; 95% CI: - 2.15 to - 0.06) following chitosan supplementation but no effect on insulin levels (SMD: - 0.20 pmol/L, 95% CI: - 0.64 to 0.24). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated significant reductions in fasting glucose levels in subjects administered 1.6-3 g of chitosan per day and in studies longer than 13 weeks. Trial sequential analysis of the pooled results of the hypoglycemic effect demonstrated that the cumulative Z-curve crossed both the conventional boundary and trial sequential monitoring boundary for glucose and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS The glucose level of patients who are diabetic and obese/overweight can be improved by supplementation with chitosan for at least 13 weeks at 1.6-3 g per day. Additional clinical research data are needed to confirm the role of chitosan, particularly in regulating glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Guo
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Medicine, No. 11 Jian Kang Street, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Letai Yi
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Medicine, No. 11 Jian Kang Street, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Baochang Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Medicine, No. 11 Jian Kang Street, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
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Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R, Vatner DE. Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101194. [PMID: 33091597 PMCID: PMC7710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progressive increase in lifespan over the past century carries with it some adversity related to the accompanying burden of debilitating diseases prevalent in the older population. This review focuses on oxidative stress as a major mechanism limiting longevity in general, and healthful aging, in particular. Accordingly, the first goal of this review is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in limiting longevity, and compare healthful aging and its mechanisms in different longevity models. Secondly, we discuss common signaling pathways involved in protection against oxidative stress in aging and in the associated diseases of aging, e.g., neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Much of the literature has focused on murine models of longevity, which will be discussed first, followed by a comparison with human models of longevity and their relationship to oxidative stress protection. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the different longevity models exhibit the healthful aging features through physiological protective mechanisms related to exercise tolerance and increased β-adrenergic signaling and also protection against diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, cancer, neurological diseases, aging-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac stress and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tolga Berkman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rotem Naftalovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Ziegler M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Peter K. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E935. [PMID: 33003543 PMCID: PMC7600583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Internal Medicine III, University Clinic of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Emamat H, Totmaj AS, Tangestani H, Hekmatdoost A. The effect of egg and its derivatives on vascular function: A systematic review of interventional studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:15-21. [PMID: 32859309 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Atherosclerosis is one of the most important underlying causes of CVDs. Vascular dysfunction is the primary marker of atherosclerosis. Various studies have investigated the effect of egg intake on CVDs. This study aimed to determine the effect of egg and its derivatives consumption on vascular function. METHODS Using a comprehensive search strategy, the searching was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines resources (from inception up to Feb 2020). Intended exposure and outcome were egg or its derivatives intake, and vascular function measuring methods, respectively. RESULTS A total of 35 papers were found through search databases. Finally, seven trials were included, which were published between 2005 and 2018. Results showed that acute and chronic consumption of whole eggs did not have a significant adverse effect on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Also, lutein-enriched egg yolk and egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate did not have significant positive effects on FMD and pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. However, one month egg-yolk-derived phospholipid (PL) preparation intervention increased FMD by 3.4% (p < 0.05), and replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs or egg whites improved postprandial FMD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that consumption of whole egg, despite being rich in cholesterol, has no adverse effect on vascular function, and even some of egg derivatives may improve vascular function. Further research is needed to justify the potential effects of egg or its derivatives on vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saneei Totmaj
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2008. [PMID: 32640674 PMCID: PMC7400810 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet in adequate amounts to prevent hypovitaminosis C, deficiency and its consequences-including the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency has not previously been reported, despite vitamin C's pleiotropic roles in both non-communicable and communicable disease. This review highlights the global literature on vitamin C status and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency. Related dietary intake is reported if assessed in the studies. Overall, the review illustrates the shortage of high quality epidemiological studies of vitamin C status in many countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries. The available evidence indicates that vitamin C hypovitaminosis and deficiency is common in low- and middle-income countries and not uncommon in high income settings. Further epidemiological studies are required to confirm these findings, to fully assess the extent of global vitamin C insufficiency, and to understand associations with a range of disease processes. Our findings suggest a need for interventions to prevent deficiency in a range of at risk groups and regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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