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Sahni V, Van Dyke TE. Immunomodulation of periodontitis with SPMs. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1288722. [PMID: 37927821 PMCID: PMC10623003 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1288722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical component in the pathophysiology of numerous disease processes, with most therapeutic modalities focusing on its inhibition in order to achieve treatment outcomes. The resolution of inflammation is a separate, distinct pathway that entails the reversal of the inflammatory process to a state of homoeostasis rather than selective inhibition of specific components of the inflammatory cascade. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of disease etiopathology. Periodontal disease, traditionally considered as one of microbial etiology, is now understood to be an inflammation-driven process associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiome that may be modulated with SPMs to achieve therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sahni
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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El Husseini K, Poté N, Jaillet M, Mordant P, Mal H, Frija-Masson J, Borie R, Cazes A, Crestani B, Mailleux A. [Adipocytes, adipokines and metabolic alterations in pulmonary fibrosis]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:225-229. [PMID: 36740493 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease characterized by severe remodeling of the lung parenchyma, with an accumulation of activated myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix, along with aberrant cellular differentiation. Within the subpleural fibrous zones, ectopic adipocyte deposits often appear. In addition, alterations in lipid homeostasis have been associated with IPF pathophysiology. In this mini-review, we will discuss the potential involvement of the adipocyte secretome and its paracrine or endocrine-based contribution to the pathophysiology of IPF, via protein or lipid mediators in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El Husseini
- Service de pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unit 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - N Poté
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Jaillet
- Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Mordant
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et thoracique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - H Mal
- Service de pneumologie B, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Frija-Masson
- Service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - R Borie
- Service de pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unit 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Cazes
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B Crestani
- Service de pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP ; Inserm Unit 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Mailleux
- Inserm Unité 1152 - PHERE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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3
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Peng X, Zhu X, Luan J, Lin J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhao G. Lipoxin A4 alleviates inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Mol Vis 2022; 28:441-450. [PMID: 36601409 PMCID: PMC9767844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the therapeutic effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus)-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Methods The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was performed in HCECs to evaluate the toxicity of LXA4. A cell scratch test was used to assess the impact of LXA4 on the migration of HCECs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot were applied to examine the expression of inflammatory mediators in A. fumigatus-stimulated HCECs. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and expression in HCECs were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results LXA4 at 0-10 nmol·L-1 (nM) had no significant cytotoxic effect on HCECs. LXA4 at a concentration of 1 nM and 10 nM significantly promoted the migration rate of HCECs. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, were remarkably lower in the LXA4-treated group. LXA4 promoted the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in A. fumigatus-stimulated HCECs compared with the PBS control group. Pretreatment with brusatol (BT, Nrf2 inhibitor) or Zine Protoporphyrin (Znpp, HO-1 inhibitor) receded the anti-inflammatory ability of LXA4. Conclusions LXA4 plays a protective role in A. fumigatus-stimulated HCECs by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Junjie Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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4
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Sun Q, Lei Y, Zhang H, Ding X, Yang M, Zhang T, Chen J, Huang Z, Wang L, Lan J, Huang Q, Chen Q. A Multifunctional Nanoparticle for Efferocytosis and Pro-Resolving-Mediated Endometriosis Therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Noureddine N, Chalubinski M, Wawrzyniak P. The Role of Defective Epithelial Barriers in Allergic Lung Disease and Asthma Development. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 35463205 PMCID: PMC9030405 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s324080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium constitutes the physical barrier between the human body and the environment, thus providing functional and immunological protection. It is often exposed to allergens, microbial substances, pathogens, pollutants, and environmental toxins, which lead to dysregulation of the epithelial barrier and result in the chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases and asthma. This epithelial barrier dysfunction results from the disturbed tight junction formation, which are multi-protein subunits that promote cell–cell adhesion and barrier integrity. The increasing interest and evidence of the role of impaired epithelial barrier function in allergy and asthma highlight the need for innovative approaches that can provide new knowledge in this area. Here, we review and discuss the current role and mechanism of epithelial barrier dysfunction in developing allergic diseases and the effect of current allergy therapies on epithelial barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Chalubinski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Paulina Wawrzyniak, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland, Tel +41 44 266 75 42, Email ;
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Anti-Inflammatory Function of Fatty Acids and Involvement of Their Metabolites in the Resolution of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312803. [PMID: 34884621 PMCID: PMC8657960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in many lung functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism are part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipids are involved in numerous cross-linkages with inflammation. Recent studies strongly support the involvement of fatty acids as participants in inflammation. They are involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, including acting as a substrate for the formation of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution. Specialized pro-inflammatory mediators (SPMs) belonging to the classes of lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed enzymatically from unsaturated fatty acids, are now described. Disorders of their production and function are part of the pathogenesis of COPD. SPMs are currently the subject of active research in order to find new drugs. Short-chain fatty acids are another important participant in metabolic and immune processes, and their role in the pathogenesis of COPD is of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Liu Y, Wei L, He C, Chen R, Meng L. Lipoxin A4 inhibits ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and airway remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 349:109660. [PMID: 34537180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease, which is characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway remodeling is caused by long-term inflammation of the airways. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a natural eicosanoid with powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and has been shown to serve a critical role in orchestrating pulmonary inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in asthmatic mice. However, its effect on airway remodeling is unknown. Female BALB/c mice were used to establish a mouse model of asthma which were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). LXA4 was intranasally administrated prior to the challenge. The results of our study indicated that LXA4 suppressed the OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines secretion in the mouse model of asthma. Characteristics of airway remodeling, such as thickening of the bronchial wall and smooth muscle, overdeposition of collagen, and overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I were reversed by LXA4. Furthermore, LXA4 suppressed the aberrant activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that LXA4 alleviated allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice, which may be related to the inhibition of STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Croasdell Lucchini A, Gachanja NN, Rossi AG, Dorward DA, Lucas CD. Epithelial Cells and Inflammation in Pulmonary Wound Repair. Cells 2021; 10:339. [PMID: 33562816 PMCID: PMC7914803 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are frequently characterised by epithelial injury, airway inflammation, defective tissue repair, and airway remodelling. This may occur in a subacute or chronic context, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or occur acutely as in pathogen challenge and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the frequent challenge of lung homeostasis, not all pulmonary insults lead to disease. Traditionally thought of as a quiescent organ, emerging evidence highlights that the lung has significant capacity to respond to injury by repairing and replacing damaged cells. This occurs with the appropriate and timely resolution of inflammation and concurrent initiation of tissue repair programmes. Airway epithelial cells are key effectors in lung homeostasis and host defence; continual exposure to pathogens, toxins, and particulate matter challenge homeostasis, requiring robust defence and repair mechanisms. As such, the epithelium is critically involved in the return to homeostasis, orchestrating the resolution of inflammation and initiating tissue repair. This review examines the pivotal role of pulmonary airway epithelial cells in initiating and moderating tissue repair and restitution. We discuss emerging evidence of the interactions between airway epithelial cells and candidate stem or progenitor cells to initiate tissue repair as well as with cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems in driving successful tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms of intercellular communication is rapidly increasing, and a major focus of this review includes the various mediators involved, including growth factors, extracellular vesicles, soluble lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines. Understanding these areas will ultimately identify potential cells, mediators, and interactions for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher D. Lucas
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (A.C.L.); (N.N.G.); (A.G.R.); (D.A.D.)
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Recent advances in the design and development of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) agonists as pro-resolving agents with diverse therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113167. [PMID: 33486199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions the initiation, duration and amplitude of inflammatory responses are tightly regulated to ensure the restoration of homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation in these circumstances is dictated by responses to endogenously generated mediators. Mimicry of such mediators underpins the principle of promoting the resolution of inflammation in treating inflammatory pathologies. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) is a G-protein coupled receptor known to play a crucial role in maintaining host defence and orchestrating the inflammatory process. FPR2/ALX can be activated by a wide range of distinct agonists, including lipids, proteins, peptides, and an array of synthetic small molecule agonists. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress made in the development of FPR2/ALX agonists which promote resolution and tissue regeneration.
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Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Coutinho DDS, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Could Arachidonic Acid-Derived Pro-Resolving Mediators Be a New Therapeutic Strategy for Asthma Therapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:580598. [PMID: 33362766 PMCID: PMC7755608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Garić D, Dumut DC, Shah J, De Sanctis JB, Radzioch D. The role of essential fatty acids in cystic fibrosis and normalizing effect of fenretinide. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4255-4267. [PMID: 32394023 PMCID: PMC11105061 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal-recessive disease in Caucasians caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Patients are usually diagnosed in infancy and are burdened with extensive medical treatments throughout their lives. One of the first documented biochemical defects in CF, which predates the cloning of CFTR gene for almost three decades, is an imbalance in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The principal hallmarks of this imbalance are increased levels of arachidonic acid and decreased levels of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in CF. This pro-inflammatory profile of PUFAs is an important component of sterile inflammation in CF, which is known to be detrimental, rather than protective for the patients. Despite decades of intensive research, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on the biochemistry of PUFAs, with a focus on the metabolism of AA and DHA in CF. Finally, a synthetic retinoid called fenretinide (N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl) retinamide) was shown to be able to correct the pro-inflammatory imbalance of PUFAs in CF. Therefore, its pharmacological actions and clinical potential are briefly discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Garić
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3-3211, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Daciana Catalina Dumut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3-3211, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Juhi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3-3211, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3-3211, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Briottet M, Shum M, Urbach V. The Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis Airways Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1290. [PMID: 32982730 PMCID: PMC7493015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease due to mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding the CFTR chloride channel. The ion transport abnormalities related to CFTR mutation generate a dehydrated airway surface liquid (ASL) layer, which is responsible for an altered mucociliary clearance, favors infections and persistent inflammation that lead to progressive lung destruction and respiratory failure. The inflammatory response is normally followed by an active resolution phase to return to tissue homeostasis, which involves specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, tissue regeneration and reduce pain, but do not evoke unwanted immunosuppression. The airways of CF patients showed a decreased production of SPMs even in the absence of pathogens. SPMs levels in the airway correlated with CF patients' lung function. The prognosis for CF has greatly improved but there remains a critical need for more effective treatments that prevent excessive inflammation, lung damage, and declining pulmonary function for all CF patients. This review aims to highlight the recent understanding of CF airway inflammation and the possible impact of SPMs on functions that are altered in CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerie Urbach
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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14
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Munck Af Rosenschöld M, Johannesson P, Nikitidis A, Tyrchan C, Chang HF, Rönn R, Chapman D, Ullah V, Nikitidis G, Glader P, Käck H, Bonn B, Wågberg F, Björkstrand E, Andersson U, Swedin L, Rohman M, Andreasson T, Bergström EL, Jiang F, Zhou XH, Lundqvist AJ, Malmberg A, Ek M, Gordon E, Pettersen A, Ripa L, Davis AM. Discovery of the Oral Leukotriene C4 Synthase Inhibitor (1 S,2 S)-2-({5-[(5-Chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl}carbonyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid (AZD9898) as a New Treatment for Asthma. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7769-7787. [PMID: 31415176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of asthma treatment, up to 50% of asthmatics remain uncontrolled. Many studies show that the cysteinyl leukotriene cascade remains highly activated in some asthmatics, even those on high-dose inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Hence, inhibition of the leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) enzyme could provide a new and differentiated core treatment for patients with a highly activated cysteinyl leukotriene cascade. Starting from a screening hit (3), a program to discover oral inhibitors of LTC4S led to (1S,2S)-2-({5-[(5-chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl}carbonyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (AZD9898) (36), a picomolar LTC4S inhibitor (IC50 = 0.28 nM) with high lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE = 8.5), which displays nanomolar potency in cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cell, IC50,free = 6.2 nM) and good in vivo pharmacodynamics in a calcium ionophore-stimulated rat model after oral dosing (in vivo, IC50,free = 34 nM). Compound 36 mitigates the GABA binding, hepatic toxicity signal, and in vivo toxicology findings of an early lead compound 7 with a human dose predicted to be 30 mg once daily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Rönn
- Orexo AB , Virdings allé 32A , SE-75450 Uppsala , Sweden
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15
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Yang JX, Li M, Chen XO, Lian QQ, Wang Q, Gao F, Jin SW, Zheng SX. Lipoxin A 4 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury through stimulating epithelial proliferation, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res 2019; 20:192. [PMID: 31438948 PMCID: PMC6704532 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by alveolar epithelial disruption. Lipoxins (LXs), as so-called “braking signals” of inflammation, are the first mediators identified to have dual anti-inflammatory and inflammatory pro-resolving properties. Methods In vivo, lipoxinA4 was administrated intraperitoneally with 1 μg/per mouse after intra-tracheal LPS administration (10 mg/kg). Apoptosis, proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of AT II cells were measured by immunofluorescence. In vitro, primary human alveolar type II cells were used to model the effects of lipoxin A4 upon proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Results In vivo, lipoxin A4 markedly promoted alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT II cells) proliferation, inhibited AT II cells apoptosis, reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, with the outcome of attenuated LPS-induced lung injury. In vitro, lipoxin A4 increased primary human alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT II cells) proliferation and reduced LPS induced AT II cells apoptosis. LipoxinA4 also inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β1, which was lipoxin receptor dependent. In addition, Smad3 inhibitor (Sis3) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) treatment abolished the inhibitory effects of lipoxinA4 on the epithelial mesenchymal transition of primary human AT II cells. Lipoxin A4 significantly downregulated the expressions of p-AKT and p-Smad stimulated by TGF-β1 in primary human AT II cells. Conclusion LipoxinA4 attenuates lung injury via stimulating epithelial cell proliferation, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1158-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin-Ou Chen
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qing-Quan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Sheng-Xing Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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16
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Barnig C, Bezema T, Calder PC, Charloux A, Frossard N, Garssen J, Haworth O, Dilevskaya K, Levi-Schaffer F, Lonsdorfer E, Wauben M, Kraneveld AD, Te Velde AA. Activation of Resolution Pathways to Prevent and Fight Chronic Inflammation: Lessons From Asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1699. [PMID: 31396220 PMCID: PMC6664683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly considered as a passive process, the resolution of acute inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with a cascade of coordinated cellular and molecular events that promotes termination of the inflammatory response and initiates tissue repair and healing. In a state of immune fitness, the resolution of inflammation is contained in time and space enabling the restoration of tissue homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that poor and/or inappropriate resolution of inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, extending in time the actions of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and responsible in the long run for excessive tissue damage and pathology. In this review, we will focus on how resolution can be the target for therapy in "Th1/Th17 cell-driven" immune diseases and "Th2 cell-driven" immune diseases, with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma, as relevant examples. We describe the main cells and mediators stimulating the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pharmacological and dietary interventions but also life style factors, physical and psychological conditions, might influence the resolution phase. A better understanding of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the resolution of inflammation might open a whole area in the development of personalized therapies in non-resolving chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Charloux
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Haworth
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's School of Medicine and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Dilevskaya
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evelyne Lonsdorfer
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marca Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, AGEM, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma is propelled by neutrophil cytoplasts and maintained by defective resolution. Allergol Int 2019; 68:143-149. [PMID: 30573389 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of the airways. Not all patients respond to anti-inflammatory treatment with corticosteroids, leading to significant morbidity in severe asthma. Much attention has been paid to defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 inflammation that are operative in asthma. Development of targeted therapies for pathologic type 2 inflammation is opening a new approach to asthma treatment; however, not all asthmatics have type 2 airway inflammation, especially those with severe corticosteroid-refractory asthma. Much less is known about non-type 2 immunological mechanisms in asthma. In health, inflammation triggers resolution mechanisms that control immune (type 1 and type 2) responses and enable the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The resolution response is comprised of cellular and molecular events, including production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs halt leukocyte recruitment, promote macrophage efferocytosis, and restore epithelial barrier integrity, all of which are critical to resolution of inflammation in the lungs. Here, we review recent insights into the disruption of these homeostatic mechanisms and their contributions to non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma immunopathogenesis.
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18
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Gan N, Zhang R, Xu X, Wang Y, Qi A, Zhang Y, Wang A. Effects of the ALX/FPR2 receptors of lipoxin A 4 on lung injury induced by fat embolism syndrome in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108595. [PMID: 30784911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the inflammatory responses in fat embolism syndrome (FES) and the relationship of ALX/FPR2 receptors and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in FES models. In this model, lung injury score, lung tissue wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased compared with those of the control group. Meanwhile, the number of leukocytes and neutrophils was significantly increased in the FES group, as was the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and mRNA expression. In addition, the release of TNF-α and IL-1β was increased. Then, we explored whether LXA4 and ALX/FPR2 were involved in the pathological process of FES. The LXA4 concentration in the experimental groups was markedly higher than that in the control group. At the same time, the protein and mRNA levels of ALX/FPR2 were upregulated in the rat model of FES. Moreover, rats treated with BML-111, an agonist for the ALX/FPR2 receptor of LXA4, showed a lower inflammatory response than mice treated with fat alone. However, the role of BML-111 in fat emboli (FE)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was attenuated by BOC-2, an antagonist of the ALX/FPR2 receptor of LXA4. Our results demonstrated that the inflammatory response may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FES and that the activation of the ALX/FPR2 receptor for LXA4 can decrease the inflammatory response and may be a therapeutic target for FE-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Aihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Thatcher TH, Woeller CF, McCarthy CE, Sime PJ. Quenching the fires: Pro-resolving mediators, air pollution, and smoking. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 197:212-224. [PMID: 30759375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution and other environmental inhalation hazards, such as occupational exposures to dusts and fumes, aeroallergens, and tobacco smoke, is a significant cause of chronic lung inflammation leading to respiratory disease. It is now recognized that resolution of inflammation is an active process controlled by a novel family of small lipid mediators termed "specialized pro-resolving mediators" or SPMs, derived mainly from dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chronic inflammation results from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution pathways. Research is ongoing to develop SPMs, and the pro-resolution pathway more generally, as a novel therapeutic approach to diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. Here, we will review evidence that the resolution pathway is dysregulated in chronic lung inflammatory diseases, and that SPMs and related molecules have exciting therapeutic potential to reverse or prevent chronic lung inflammation, with a focus on lung inflammation due to inhalation of environmental hazards including urban particulate matter, organic dusts and tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Claire E McCarthy
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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20
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Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour REE, Walker KH, Engstrom BD, Levy BD. Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Airway Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1335-1370. [PMID: 29717929 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne pathogens and environmental stimuli evoke immune responses in the lung. It is critical to health that these responses be controlled to prevent tissue damage and the compromise of organ function. Resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process that is coordinated by biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have been identified in resolution exudates. These molecules orchestrate anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions that are cell type specific. In this review, we highlight SPM biosynthesis, the influence of SPMs on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, as well as recent insights from SPMs on inflammatory disease pathophysiology. Uncovering these mediators and cellular mechanisms for resolution is providing new windows into physiology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Braden D Engstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Lotfi R, Rezaiemanesh A, Mortazavi SH, Karaji AG, Salari F. Immunoresolvents in asthma and allergic diseases: Review and update. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8579-8596. [PMID: 30488527 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases are inflammatory conditions developed by excessive reaction of the immune system against normally harmless environmental substances. Although acute inflammation is necessary to eradicate the damaging agents, shifting to chronic inflammation can be potentially detrimental. Essential fatty-acids-derived immunoresolvents, namely, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are anti-inflammatory compounds that are believed to have protective and beneficial effects in inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergies. Accordingly, impaired biosynthesis and defective production of immunoresolvents could be involved in the development of chronic inflammation. In this review, recent evidence on the anti-inflam]matory effects of immunoresolvents, their enzymatic biosynthesis routes, as well as their receptors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Mortazavi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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Ampomah PB, Kong WT, Zharkova O, Chua SCJH, Perumal Samy R, Lim LHK. Annexins in Influenza Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1282. [PMID: 30498445 PMCID: PMC6249340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important human respiratory pathogens which cause seasonal or periodic endemic infections. IAV can result in severe or fatal clinical complications including pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome. Treatment of IAV infections is complicated because the virus can evade host immunity through antigenic drifts and antigenic shifts, to establish infections making new treatment options desirable. Annexins (ANXs) are a family of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins with immunomodulatory roles in viral infections, lung injury, and inflammation. A current understanding of the role of ANXs in modulating IAV infection and host responses will enable the future development of more effective antiviral therapies. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the advances made in the field of ANXs, in particular, ANXA1 and IAV research and highlights the importance of ANXs as a suitable target for IAV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baah Ampomah
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonja C. J. H. Chua
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R. Perumal Samy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H. K. Lim
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Wang H, Anthony D, Selemidis S, Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. Resolving Viral-Induced Secondary Bacterial Infection in COPD: A Concise Review. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2345. [PMID: 30459754 PMCID: PMC6232692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of disability and death world-wide, where chronic inflammation accelerates lung function decline. Pathological inflammation is worsened by chronic bacterial lung infections and susceptibility to recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), typically caused by viral and/or bacterial respiratory pathogens. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce AECOPD rates with inhaled corticosteroids, COPD patients remain at heightened risk of developing serious lung infections/AECOPD, frequently leading to hospitalization and infection-dependent delirium. Here, we review emerging mechanisms into why COPD patients are susceptible to chronic bacterial infections and highlight dysregulated inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as central causes. This underlying chronic infection leaves COPD patients particularly vulnerable to acute viral infections, which further destabilize host immunity to bacteria. The pathogeneses of bacterial and viral exacerbations are significant as clinical symptoms are more severe and there is a marked increase in neutrophilic inflammation and tissue damage. AECOPD triggered by a bacterial and viral co-infection increases circulating levels of the systemic inflammatory marker, serum amyloid A (SAA). SAA is a functional agonist for formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX), where it promotes chemotaxis and survival of neutrophils. Excessive levels of SAA can antagonize the protective actions of FPR2/ALX that involve engagement of specialized pro-resolving mediators, such as resolvin-D1. We propose that the anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory actions of specialized pro-resolving mediators, such as resolvin-D1 should be harnessed for the treatment of AECOPD that are complicated by the co-pathogenesis of viruses and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Zhang Y, Igwe OJ. Role of Toll-like receptor 4/oxidant-coupled activation in regulating the biosynthesis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative resolvin D1 in primary murine peritoneal macrophage. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:73-83. [PMID: 30287282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) as prooxidants can activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with the potential to initiate, propagate and maintain "sterile" inflammation of innate immunity, which plays a mediatory role in a host of human disease states. We now present new evidence that ROS can also activate TLR4 to counter the inflammatory phenotype by increasing the production of resolvin D1 (RvD1), which is a specialized anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator. We used primary murine peritoneal macrophages (pM) derived from both TLR4-WT and TLR4-KO mice as a cellular model. We used potassium peroxychromate (PPC) as a direct in vitro source of exogenous ROS. PPC treatment increased intracellular ROS levels, which decreased intracellular total antioxidant capacity, thus suggesting an enhanced cellular oxidative stress. PPC and LPS-EK (a TLR4-specific agonist) increased pro-inflammatory TNFα production with noeffect on IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Treatment with the prooxidant increased the expression of 12 lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) only in pM derived from TLR4 WT but not in pM from TLR4-KO mice. 5-LOX and 12-LOX are the key enzymes in the RvD1 biosynthetic pathway. In addition, PPC increased the expression of RvD1 receptor, a member of G-protein-coupled receptor only in pM from TLR4-WT mice. Our data support the involvement of TLR4-mediated oxidant-induced pro-inflammatory phenotypes that are in opposition to the production of anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution phenotypes in macrophages. Now, we show that through TLR4 activation, exogenous oxidants can play a role both in producing proinflammatory phenotypes at the same time that it enhances resolution of inflammation to maintain a state of cellular homeostasis and prevent tissue damage/disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Orisa J Igwe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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25
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Philippe R, Urbach V. Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102865. [PMID: 30241412 PMCID: PMC6213393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired airway surface hydration (ASL) and mucociliary clearance that promote chronic bacterial colonization, persistent inflammation, and progressive structural damage to the airway wall architecture are typically explained by ion transport abnormalities related to the mutation of the gene coding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. However, the progressive and unrelenting inflammation of the CF airway begins early in life, becomes persistent, and is excessive relative to the bacterial burden. Intrinsic abnormalities of the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis have been suggested but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the defective resolution of inflammation in CF including the abnormal production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (lipoxin and resolvin) and their impact on the pathogenesis of the CF airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Philippe
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
| | - Valerie Urbach
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
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26
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Barnig C, Frossard N, Levy BD. Towards targeting resolution pathways of airway inflammation in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:98-113. [PMID: 29352860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways with mucosal infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. The natural resolution of airway inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with highly coordinated cellular events under the control of endogenous pro-resolving mediators that enable the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lead members of proresolving mediators are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, eicosapentaenoic acid-derived E-series resolvins, and docosahexaenoic acid-derived D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Functionally, these specialized pro-resolving mediators can limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce granulocyte apoptosis, and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to lymphatics and blood vessels, and help initiate tissue repair and healing. In this review, we highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms for successful resolution of inflammation, and describe the main specialized pro-resolving mediators that drive these processes. Furthermore, we report recent data suggesting that the pathobiology of severe asthma may result in part from impaired resolution of airway inflammation, including defects in the biosynthesis of these specialized pro-resolving mediators. Finally, we discuss resolution-based therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; EA 3072, University of Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces pneumococcal lung infection and inflammation in a viral and bacterial coinfection pneumonia model. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2347-2362. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2/lipoxin A4 (LXA4) receptor (Fpr2/ALX) co-ordinates the transition from inflammation to resolution during acute infection by binding to distinct ligands including serum amyloid A (SAA) and Resolvin D1 (RvD1). Here, we evaluated the proresolving actions of aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) in an acute coinfection pneumonia model. Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus (IAV) markedly increased pneumococcal lung load and neutrophilic inflammation during the resolution phase. Fpr2/ALX transcript levels were increased in the lungs of coinfected mice, and immunohistochemistry identified prominent Fpr2/ALX immunoreactivity in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages. Levels of circulating and lung SAA were also highly increased in coinfected mice. Therapeutic treatment with exogenous AT-RvD1 during the acute phase of infection (day 4–6 post-pneumococcal inoculation) significantly reduced the pneumococcal load. AT-RvD1 also significantly reduced neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and restored total antimicrobial activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (BALF) of coinfected mice. Pneumonia severity, as measured by quantitating parenchymal inflammation or alveolitis was significantly reduced with AT-RvD1 treatment, which also reduced the number of infiltrating lung neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages as assessed by flow cytometry. The reduction in distal lung inflammation in AT-RvD1-treated mice was not associated with a significant reduction in inflammatory and chemokine mediators. In summary, we demonstrate that in the coinfection setting, SAA levels were persistently increased and exogenous AT-RvD1 facilitated more rapid clearance of pneumococci in the lungs, while concurrently reducing the severity of pneumonia by limiting excessive leukocyte chemotaxis from the infected bronchioles to distal areas of the lungs.
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Ricklefs I, Barkas I, Duvall MG, Cernadas M, Grossman NL, Israel E, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaston BM, Denlinger LC, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Comhair SA, Coverstone AM, Fajt ML, Hastie AT, Johansson MW, Peters MC, Phillips BR, Levy BD. ALX receptor ligands define a biochemical endotype for severe asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93534. [PMID: 28724795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In health, inflammation resolution is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators and receptors. ALX/FPR2 receptors (ALX) are targeted by both proresolving and proinflammatory ligands for opposing signaling events, suggesting pivotal roles for ALX in the fate of inflammatory responses. Here, we determined if ALX expression and ligands were linked to severe asthma (SA). METHODS ALX expression and levels of proresolving ligands (lipoxin A4 [LXA4], 15-epi-LXA4, and annexin A1 [ANXA1]), and a proinflammatory ligand (serum amyloid A [SAA]) were measured in bronchoscopy samples collected in Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SA [n = 69], non-SA [NSA, n = 51] or healthy donors [HDs, n = 47]). RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 were decreased and SAA was increased in SA relative to NSA. BAL macrophage ALX expression was increased in SA. Subjects with LXA4loSAAhi levels had increased BAL neutrophils, more asthma symptoms, lower lung function, increased relative risk for asthma exacerbation, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and were assigned more frequently to SA clinical clusters. SAA and aliquots of LXA4loSAAhi BAL fluid induced IL-8 production by lung epithelial cells expressing ALX receptors, which was inhibited by coincubation with 15-epi-LXA4. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings have established an association between select ALX receptor ligands and asthma severity that define a potentially new biochemical endotype for asthma and support a pivotal functional role for ALX signaling in the fate of lung inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Severe Asthma Research Program-3 (SARP-3; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01606826)FUNDING Sources. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the NIH, and the German Society of Pediatric Pneumology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Ricklefs
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Ioanna Barkas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Nicole L Grossman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David T Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea M Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brenda R Phillips
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and
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Kalinec GM, Lomberk G, Urrutia RA, Kalinec F. Resolution of Cochlear Inflammation: Novel Target for Preventing or Ameliorating Drug-, Noise- and Age-related Hearing Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:192. [PMID: 28736517 PMCID: PMC5500902 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of studies support the idea that inflammatory responses are intimately associated with drug-, noise- and age-related hearing loss (DRHL, NRHL and ARHL). Consequently, several clinical strategies aimed at reducing auditory dysfunction by preventing inflammation are currently under intense scrutiny. Inflammation, however, is a normal adaptive response aimed at restoring tissue functionality and homeostasis after infection, tissue injury and even stress under sterile conditions, and suppressing it could have unintended negative consequences. Therefore, an appropriate approach to prevent or ameliorate DRHL, NRHL and ARHL should involve improving the resolution of the inflammatory process in the cochlea rather than inhibiting this phenomenon. The resolution of inflammation is not a passive response but rather an active, highly controlled and coordinated process. Inflammation by itself produces specialized pro-resolving mediators with critical functions, including essential fatty acid derivatives (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins), proteins and peptides such as annexin A1 and galectins, purines (adenosine), gaseous mediators (NO, H2S and CO), as well as neuromodulators like acetylcholine and netrin-1. In this review article, we describe recent advances in the understanding of the resolution phase of inflammation and highlight therapeutic strategies that might be useful in preventing inflammation-induced cochlear damage. In particular, we emphasize beneficial approaches that have been tested in pre-clinical models of inflammatory responses induced by recognized ototoxic drugs such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since these studies suggest that improving the resolution process could be useful for the prevention of inflammation-associated diseases in humans, we discuss the potential application of similar strategies to prevent or mitigate DRHL, NRHL and ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda M Kalinec
- Laboratory of Auditory Cell Biology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM) Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, United States
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM) Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, United States
| | - Federico Kalinec
- Laboratory of Auditory Cell Biology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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30
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Bronchoprotective mechanisms for specialized pro-resolving mediators in the resolution of lung inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:44-56. [PMID: 28455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchi are exposed daily to irritants, microbes and allergens as well as extremes of temperature and acid. The airway mucosal epithelium plays a pivotal role as a sentinel, releasing alarmins when danger is encountered. To maintain homeostasis, an elaborate counter-regulatory network of signals and cellular effector mechanisms are needed. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are chemical mediators that enact resolution programs in response to injury, infection or allergy. SPMs are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with potent cell-type specific immunoresolvent properties. SPMs signal by engaging cell-based receptors to turn off acute inflammatory responses and restore tissue homeostasis. Several common lung diseases involving the airways, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are characterized by unresolved bronchial inflammation. In preclinical murine models of lung disease, SPMs carry potent bronchoprotective actions. Here, we review cellular and molecular effects for SPM-initiated catabasis in the lung and their human translation.
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31
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Hackett AP, Trinick RE, Rose K, Flanagan BF, McNamara PS. Weakly acidic pH reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2016; 17:82. [PMID: 27422381 PMCID: PMC4947271 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aspiration lung disease (ALD) is a common cause of respiratory morbidity in children and adults with severe neurodisability (sND). Recent studies suggest that chronic microaspiration of gastric contents is associated with mild rather than low, airway acidification. We investigated inflammatory responses to infection by airway epithelial cells (AECs) exposed to weakly acidic media. Methods Using pH measurements from children with sND at high risk of ALD as a guide, we incubated AECs in weakly acidic (pH5.5–7.4) media alone; in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); or prior to LPS stimulation at normal pH. Interleukin (IL) -6 and IL-8 expression were measured. Results IL-6/8 expression in AECs simultaneously exposed to weakly acidic media and LPS for 4 h was reduced with no effect on cell viability. Pre-incubation of AECs at weakly acidic pH also reduced subsequent LPS-induced cytokine expression. Suppression of inflammation was greatest at lower pHs (pH 5.5–6.0) for prolonged periods (16/24 h), but this also adversely affected cell viability. Conclusion AEC inflammatory responses to bacterial stimuli is markedly reduced in a mildly acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hackett
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R E Trinick
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Rd, Liverpool, UK
| | - K Rose
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B F Flanagan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P S McNamara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Rd, Liverpool, UK.
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32
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Simiele F, Recchiuti A, Patruno S, Plebani R, Pierdomenico AM, Codagnone M, Romano M. Epigenetic regulation of the formyl peptide receptor 2 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1252-8. [PMID: 27424221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxin (LX) A4, a main stop signal of inflammation, exerts potent bioactions by activating a specific G protein-coupled receptor, termed formyl peptide receptor 2 and recently renamed ALX/FPR2. Knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that drive ALX/FPR2 gene expression is key for the development of innovative anti-inflammatory pharmacology. Here, we examined chromatin patterns of the ALX/FPR2 gene. We report that in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, the ALX/FPR2 gene undergoes epigenetic silencing characterized by low acetylation at lysine 27 and trimethylation at lysine 4, associated with high methylation at lysine 27 of histone 3. This pattern, which is consistent with transcriptionally inaccessible chromatin leading to low ALX/FPR2 mRNA and protein expression, is reversed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes that express high ALX/FPR2 levels. Activation of p300 histone acetyltransferase and inhibition of DNA methyltransferase restored chromatin accessibility and significantly increased ALX/FPR2 mRNA transcription and protein levels in MDA-MB231 cells, as well as in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In both cells types, changes in the histone acetylation/methylation status enhanced ALX/FPR2 signaling in response to LXA4. Collectively, these results uncover unappreciated epigenetic regulation of ALX/FPR2 expression that can be exploited for innovative approaches to inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Simiele
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Patruno
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marilina Codagnone
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11/13, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Colby JK, Abdulnour REE, Sham HP, Dalli J, Colas RA, Winkler JW, Hellmann J, Wong B, Cui Y, El-Chemaly S, Petasis NA, Spite M, Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvin D3 and Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D3 Are Protective for Injured Epithelia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1801-1813. [PMID: 27171898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a life-threatening condition caused by disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier leading to edema, influx of inflammatory leukocytes, and impaired gas exchange. Specialized proresolving mediators biosynthesized from essential fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, have tissue protective effects in acute inflammation. Herein, we found that the docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediator resolvin D3 (RvD3): 4S,11R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid was present in uninjured lungs, and increased significantly 24 to 72 hours after hydrochloric acid-initiated injury. Because of its delayed enzymatic degradation, we used aspirin-triggered (AT)-RvD3: 4S,11R,17R-trihydroxydocosa-5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid, a 17R-epimer of RvD3, for in vivo experiments. Histopathological correlates of acid injury (alveolar wall thickening, edema, and leukocyte infiltration) were reduced in mice receiving AT-RvD3 1 hour after injury. AT-RvD3-treated mice had significantly reduced edema, as demonstrated by lower wet/dry weight ratios, increased epithelial sodium channel γ expression, and more lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1-positive vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3-positive lymphatic vessels. Evidence for counterregulation of NF-κB by RvD3 and AT-RvD3 was seen in vitro and by AT-RvD3 in vivo. Increases in lung epithelial cell proliferation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of keratinocyte growth factor were observed with AT-RvD3, which also promoted cutaneous re-epithelialization. Together, these data demonstrate protective actions of RvD3 and AT-RvD3 for injured mucosa that accelerated restoration of epithelial barrier and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Colby
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ho Pan Sham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Romain A Colas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy W Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blenda Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ye Cui
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicos A Petasis
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Spite
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Higgins G, Fustero Torre C, Tyrrell J, McNally P, Harvey BJ, Urbach V. Lipoxin A4 prevents tight junction disruption and delays the colonization of cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1053-61. [PMID: 27084849 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00368.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The specialized proresolution lipid mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is abnormally produced in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. LXA4 increases the CF airway surface liquid height and stimulates airway epithelial repair and tight junction formation. We report here a protective effect of LXA4 (1 nM) against tight junction disruption caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial challenge together with a delaying action against bacterial invasion in CF airway epithelial cells from patients with CF and immortalized cell lines. Bacterial invasion and tight junction integrity were measured by gentamicin exclusion assays and confocal fluorescence microscopy in non-CF (NuLi-1) and CF (CuFi-1) bronchial epithelial cell lines and in primary CF cultures, grown under an air/liquid interface, exposed to either a clinical or laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa LXA4 delayed P. aeruginosa invasion and transepithelial migration in CF and normal bronchial epithelial cell cultures. These protective effects of LXA4 were inhibited by the ALX/FPR2 lipoxin receptor antagonist BOC-2. LXA4 prevented the reduction in mRNA biosynthesis and protein abundance of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and reduced tight junction disruption induced by P. aeruginsosa inoculation. In conclusion, LXA4 plays a protective role in bronchial epithelium by stimulating tight junction repair and by delaying and reducing the invasion of CF bronchial epithelial cells by P. aeruginsosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Higgins
- National Children Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jean Tyrrell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul McNally
- National Children Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valerie Urbach
- National Children Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; INSERM U1151, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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Cheng X, He S, Yuan J, Miao S, Gao H, Zhang J, Li Y, Peng W, Wu P. Lipoxin A4 attenuates LPS-induced mouse acute lung injury via Nrf2-mediated E-cadherin expression in airway epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:52-66. [PMID: 26845617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental element of acute lung injury (ALI) is the inflammation that is part of the body's immune response to a variety of local or systemic stimuli. Lipoxins (LXs) are important endogenous lipids that mediate resolution of inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that LXA4 reduced the LPS inhalation-induced pulmonary edema, neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α production in mice. With the same model, the current investigation focused on the role of the airway epithelium, a first-line barrier and a prime target of inhaled toxicants. We report that LXA4 strongly inhibited LPS-induced ALI in mice, in part by protecting the airway epithelium and preserving the E-cadherin expression and airway permeability. Using a cryo-imaging assay and fluorescence detection, LXA4 was shown to block LPS-induced ROS generation and preserve mitochondrial redox status both in vivo and in vitro. To further assess whether and how NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was involved in the protective effect of LXA4, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis was employed in human epithelial cell line (16HBE), to determine the relative distance between Nrf2 and its negative regulator or cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). It provided us the evidence that LXA4 further promoted the dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1 in LPS-treated 16HBE cells. The results also showed that LXA4 activates Nrf2 by phosphorylating it on Ser40 and triggering its nuclear translocation. Moreover, when the plasmid expression dominant negative mutation of Nrf2 was transfected as an inhibitor of wild-type Nrf2, the protective effect of LXA4 on E-cadherin expression was almost completely blocked. These results provide a new mechanism by which LXA4 inhibits LPS-induced ALI through Nrf2-mediated E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Songqing He
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuo Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingnong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Huanzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Heart and Lung Institute of Utah, Murray, UT 84107, United States
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Bozinovski S, Vlahos R, Anthony D, McQualter J, Anderson G, Irving L, Steinfort D. COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:635-48. [PMID: 26013585 PMCID: PMC4742298 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has reached epidemic proportions within many regions of the world and remains the highest risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Squamous cell lung cancer is commonly detected in heavy smokers, where the risk of developing lung cancer is not solely defined by tobacco consumption. Although therapies that target common driver mutations in adenocarcinomas are showing some promise, they are proving ineffective in smoking-related squamous cell lung cancer. Since COPD is characterized by an excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress response, this review details how aberrant innate, adaptive and systemic inflammatory processes can contribute to lung cancer susceptibility in COPD. Activated leukocytes release increasing levels of proteases and free radicals as COPD progresses and tertiary lymphoid aggregates accumulate with increasing severity. Reactive oxygen species promote formation of reactive carbonyls that are not only tumourigenic through initiating DNA damage, but can directly alter the function of regulatory proteins involved in host immunity and tumour suppressor functions. Systemic inflammation is also markedly increased during infective exacerbations in COPD and the interplay between tumour-promoting serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL-17A is discussed. SAA is also an endogenous allosteric modifier of FPR2 expressed on immune and epithelial cells, and the therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor is proposed as a novel strategy for COPD-lung cancer overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Gary Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
The immune response comprises not only pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways but also pro-resolution mechanisms that serve to balance the need of the host to target microbial pathogens while preventing excess inflammation and bystander tissue damage. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty acids to serve as a novel class of immunoresolvents that limit acute responses and orchestrate the clearance of tissue pathogens, dying cells and debris from the battlefield of infectious inflammation. SPMs are composed of lipoxins, E-series and D-series resolvins, protectins and maresins. Individual members of the SPM family serve as agonists at cognate receptors to induce cell-type specific responses. Important regulatory roles for SPMs have been uncovered in host responses to several microorganisms, including bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic pathogens. SPMs also promote the resolution of non-infectious inflammation and tissue injury. Defects in host SPM pathways contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. With the capacity to enhance host defence and modulate inflammation, SPMs represent a promising translational approach to enlist host resolution programmes for the treatment of infection and excess inflammation.
Here, the authors detail our current understanding of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a family of endogenous mediators that have important roles in promoting the resolution of inflammation. With a focus on the lungs, they discuss the contribution of SPMs to infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases and their emerging therapeutic potential. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty acids and have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation — that is, catabasis. Host responses to tissue infection elicit acute inflammation in an attempt to control invading pathogens. SPMs are lipid mediators that are part of a larger family of pro-resolving molecules, which includes proteins and gases, that together restrain inflammation and resolve the infection. These immunoresolvents are distinct from immunosuppressive molecules as they not only dampen inflammation but also promote host defence. Here, we focus primarily on SPMs and their roles in lung infection and inflammation to illustrate the potent actions these mediators play in restoring tissue homeostasis after an infection.
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Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: The Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:111-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Barnig C, Levy BD. Innate immunity is a key factor for the resolution of inflammation in asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:141-53. [PMID: 25726564 PMCID: PMC4490858 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00012514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an integral and natural part of the physiological response to tissue injury, infection and allergens or other noxious stimuli. Resolution is now recognised as an active process with highly regulated cellular and biochemical events. Recent discoveries have highlighted that innate inflammatory cells have bimodal effector functions during the inflammatory response, including active roles during the resolution process. Several mediators displaying potent pro-resolving actions have recently been uncovered. Lipoxin A4, the lead member of this new class of pro-resolving mediators, has anti-inflammatory actions on type 2 innate lymphoid cells and pro-resolving actions through natural killer cells in asthma immunobiology. Eosinophils are also able to control crucial aspects of resolution through the generation of pro-resolving mediators. Uncontrolled asthma has been associated with a defect in the generation of specialised pro-resolving mediators, including lipoxin A4 and protectin D1. Thus, bioactive stable analogue mimetics of these mediators that can harness endogenous resolution mechanisms for inflammation may offer new therapeutic strategies for asthma and airway inflammation associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Dept of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Strasbourg and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Duvall MG, Levy BD. DHA- and EPA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins in airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:144-155. [PMID: 26546247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids can serve as important regulators of inflammation. A new window into mechanisms for the resolution of inflammation was opened with the identification and structural elucidation of mediators derived from these fatty acids with pro-resolving capacity. Inflammation is necessary to ensure the continued health of the organism after an insult or injury; however, unrestrained inflammation can lead to injury "from within" and chronic changes that may prove both morbid and fatal. The resolution phase of inflammation, once thought to be a passive event, is now known to be a highly regulated, active, and complex program that terminates the inflammatory response once the threat has been contained. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are biosynthesized from omega-3 essential fatty acids to resolvins, protectins, and maresins and from omega-6 fatty acids to lipoxins. Through cell-specific actions mediated through select receptors, these SPMs are potent regulators of neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, promoting a return to tissue homeostasis. This process appears to be defective in several common human lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, which are characterized by chronic unrestrained inflammation and significant associated morbidity. Here, we highlight translational research in animal models of disease and with human subjects that sheds light on this rapidly evolving area of science and review the molecular and cellular components of the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Stopka-Farooqui U, Haworth O. Proresolving mediators: new therapies to treat inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Romano M, Cianci E, Simiele F, Recchiuti A. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins in resolution of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fang X, Abbott J, Cheng L, Colby JK, Lee JW, Levy BD, Matthay MA. Human Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells Promote the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury in Part through Lipoxin A4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:875-81. [PMID: 26116507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) reduce the severity of acute lung injury in animal models and in an ex vivo perfused human lung model. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs reduce lung injury are not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that human MSCs promote the resolution of acute lung injury in part through the effects of a specialized proresolving mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Human alveolar epithelial type II cells and MSCs expressed biosynthetic enzymes and receptors for LXA4. Coculture of human MSCs with alveolar epithelial type II cells in the presence of cytomix significantly increased the production of LXA4 by 117%. The adoptive transfer of MSCs after the onset of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice led to improved survival (48 h), and blocking the LXA4 receptor with WRW4, a LXA4 receptor antagonist, significantly reversed the protective effect of MSCs on both survival and the accumulation of pulmonary edema. LXA4 alone improved survival in mice, and it also significantly decreased the production of TNF-α and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In summary, these experiments demonstrated two novel findings: human MSCs promote the resolution of lung injury in mice in part through the proresolving lipid mediator LXA4, and LXA4 itself should be considered as a therapeutic for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143;
| | - Jason Abbott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Linda Cheng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jennifer K Colby
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Wu R, Zhou W, Chen S, Shi Y, Su L, Zhu M, Chen Q, Chen Q. Lipoxin A4 suppresses the development of endometriosis in an ALX receptor-dependent manner via the p38 MAPK pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:4927-40. [PMID: 24923883 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipoxins can function as endogenous 'breaking signals' in inflammation and play important roles in the progression of endometriosis. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism by which lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ) suppresses the development of endometriosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) were treated with IL-1β, or pre-incubated with LXA4 before incubation with IL-1β. The LXA4 receptor (ALX receptor) antagonist Boc-2 and gene-silencing approaches were used to study the involvement of the ALX receptor in anti-inflammatory signalling responses in ESCs. An animal model of endometriosis was induced in BALB/c mice by i.p. injection of an endometrium-rich fragment. KEY RESULTS Decreased levels of LXA4 and 15-LOX-2 expression but increased expression of AXL receptors were observed in endometriotic tissues. LXA4 inhibited the release of inflammatory factors and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in IL-1β-induced ESCs, an effect mediated by ALX receptors. LXA4 inhibited the proliferation of ESCs, as indicated by reduced DNA replication, caused G0 /G1 phase cell cycle arrest and down-regulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in ESCs. LXA4 also attenuated the invasive activity of ESCs mainly by suppressing the expression and activity of MMP-9. In vivo, we further confirmed that LXA4 could inhibit the progression of endometriosis by acting as an anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LXA4 exerted anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects on endometriosis through a mechanism that involved down-regulating the activities of p38 MAPK, which was mediated by ALX receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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45
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Pathways involved in the resolution of inflammatory joint disease. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Awji EG, Chand H, Bruse S, Smith KR, Colby JK, Mebratu Y, Levy BD, Tesfaigzi Y. Wood smoke enhances cigarette smoke-induced inflammation by inducing the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor in airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:377-86. [PMID: 25137396 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0142oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that cigarette smokers who are exposed to wood smoke (WS) are at an increased risk for chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms for WS-induced adverse effects. We studied the effect of WS exposure using four cohorts of mice. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed for 4 or 12 weeks to filtered air, to 10 mg/m(3) WS for 2 h/d, to 250 mg/m(3) cigarette smoke (CS) for 6 h/d, or to CS followed by WS (CW). Inflammation was absent in the filtered air and WS groups, but enhanced by twofold in the bronchoalveolar lavage of the CW compared with CS group as measured by neutrophil numbers and levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant, keratinocyte-derived chemokine. The levels of the anti-inflammatory lipoxin, lipoxin A4, were reduced by threefold along with cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 in airway epithelial cells and PGE2 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage of CW compared with CS mice. We replicated, in primary human airway epithelial cells, the changes observed in mice. Immunoprecipitations showed that WS blocked the interaction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) with AHR nuclear transporter to reduce expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 by increasing expression of AHR repressor (AHRR). Collectively, these studies show that exposure to low concentrations of WS enhanced CS-induced inflammation by inducing AHRR expression to suppress AHR, COX-2, and mPGES-1 expression, and levels of PGE2 and lipoxin A4. Therefore, AHRR is a potential therapeutic target for WS-associated exacerbations of CS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias G Awji
- 1 COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
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Higgins G, Ringholz F, Buchanan P, McNally P, Urbach V. Physiological impact of abnormal lipoxin A₄ production on cystic fibrosis airway epithelium and therapeutic potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:781087. [PMID: 25866809 PMCID: PMC4383482 DOI: 10.1155/2015/781087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 has been described as a major signal for the resolution of inflammation and is abnormally produced in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In CF, the loss of chloride transport caused by the mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel gene results in dehydration, mucus plugging, and reduction of the airway surface liquid layer (ASL) height which favour chronic lung infection and neutrophil based inflammation leading to progressive lung destruction and early death of people with CF. This review highlights the unique ability of LXA4 to restore airway surface hydration, to stimulate airway epithelial repair, and to antagonise the proinflammatory program of the CF airway, circumventing some of the most difficult aspects of CF pathophysiology. The report points out novel aspects of the cellular mechanism involved in the physiological response to LXA4, including release of ATP from airway epithelial cell via pannexin channel and subsequent activation of and P2Y11 purinoreceptor. Therefore, inadequate endogenous LXA4 biosynthesis reported in CF exacerbates the ion transport abnormality and defective mucociliary clearance, in addition to impairing the resolution of inflammation, thus amplifying the vicious circle of airway dehydration, chronic infection, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Higgins
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fiona Ringholz
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Paul McNally
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Valérie Urbach
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U845, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Site Necker, 156 rue Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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Rinaldi SF, Catalano RD, Wade J, Rossi AG, Norman JE. 15-epi-lipoxin A4 reduces the mortality of prematurely born pups in a mouse model of infection-induced preterm birth. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:359-68. [PMID: 25567326 PMCID: PMC4381035 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are currently few effective therapies and therefore an urgent need for novel treatments. Although there is much focus on trying to alter gestation of delivery, the primary aim of preterm birth prevention therapies should be to reduce prematurity related mortality and morbidity. Given the link between intrauterine infection and inflammation and preterm labour (PTL), we hypothesized that administration of lipoxins, key anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators, could be a useful novel treatment for PTL. Using a mouse model of infection-induced PTL, we investigated whether 15-epi-lipoxin A4 could delay lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PTL and reduce pup mortality. On D17 of gestation mice (n = 9–12) were pretreated with vehicle or 15-epi-lipoxin A4 prior to intrauterine administration of LPS or PBS. Although pretreatment with 15-epi-lipoxin A4 did not delay LPS-induced PTL, there was a significant reduction in the mortality amongst prematurely delivered pups (defined as delivery within 36 h of surgery) in mice treated with 15-epi-lipoxin A4 prior to LPS treatment, compared with those receiving LPS alone (P < 0.05). Quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR analysis of utero-placental tissues harvested 6 h post-treatment demonstrated that 15-epi-lipoxin A4 treatment increased Ptgs2 expression in the uterus, placenta and fetal membranes (P < 0.05) and decreased 15-Hpgd expression (P < 0.05) in the placenta and uterus, suggesting that 15-epi-lipoxin A4 may regulate the local production and activity of prostaglandins. These data suggest that augmenting lipoxin levels could be a useful novel therapeutic option in the treatment of PTL, protecting the fetus from the adverse effects of infection-induced preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Rinaldi
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health and Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - R D Catalano
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health and Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J Wade
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health and Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J E Norman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health and Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Bozinovski S, Anthony D, Vlahos R. Targeting pro-resolution pathways to combat chronic inflammation in COPD. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1548-56. [PMID: 25478196 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung condition that is associated with irreversible airflow obstruction as a consequence of small airways disease, excessive mucus production and emphysema. Paradoxically, excessive inflammation fails to control microbial pathogens that not only colonise COPD airways, but also trigger acute exacerbations, which markedly increase inflammation underlying host tissue damage. Excessive production of leukocyte mobilising cytokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in response to environmental stimuli (cigarette smoke and microbial products) are thought to maintain chronic inflammation, in conjunction with inefficient macrophage clearance of microbes and apoptotic neutrophils. In this perspective, we discuss an alternative view on why inflammation persists with a focus on why pro-resolution mediators such as lipoxin A4 (LXA4), D-series resolving and Annexin A1 fail to effectively switch off inflammation in COPD. These pro-resolving mediators converge on the G-protein coupled receptor, ALX/FPR2. This receptor is particularly relevant to COPD as the complex milieu of exogenous and host-derived mediators within the inflamed airways include agonists that potently activate ALX/FPR2, including Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and the cathelicidin, LL-37. There is emerging evidence to suggest that ALX/FPR2 can exist in alternative receptor conformations in an agonist-biased manner, which facilitates alternate functional receptor behaviors. Hence, the development of more stable pro-resolving analogs provides therapeutic opportunities to address ALX/FPR2 conformations to counteract pathogenic signaling and promote non-phlogistic clearance pathways essential for resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Higgins G, Buchanan P, Perriere M, Al-Alawi M, Costello RW, Verriere V, McNally P, Harvey BJ, Urbach V. Activation of P2RY11 and ATP release by lipoxin A4 restores the airway surface liquid layer and epithelial repair in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:178-90. [PMID: 24588705 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0424oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), the airway surface liquid (ASL) height is reduced as a result of impaired ion transport, which favors bacterial colonization and inflammation of the airway and leads to progressive lung destruction. Lipoxin (LX)A4, which promotes resolution of inflammation, is inadequately produced in the airways of patients with CF. We previously demonstrated that LXA4 stimulates an ASL height increase and epithelial repair. Here we report the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. We found that LXA4 (1 nM) induced an apical ATP release from non-CF (NuLi-1) and CF (CuFi-1) airway epithelial cell lines and CF primary cultures. The ATP release induced by LXA4 was completely inhibited by antagonists of the ALX/FPR2 receptor and Pannexin-1 channels. LXA4 induced an increase in intracellular cAMP and calcium, which were abolished by the selective inhibition of the P2RY11 purinoreceptor. Pannexin-1 and ATP hydrolysis inhibition and P2RY11 purinoreceptor knockdown all abolished the increase of ASL height induced by LXA4. Inhibition of the A2b adenosine receptor did not affect the ASL height increase induced by LXA4, whereas the PKA inhibitor partially inhibited this response. The stimulation of NuLi-1 and CuFi-1 cell proliferation, migration, and wound repair by LXA4 was inhibited by the antagonists of Pannexin-1 channel and P2RY11 purinoreceptor. Taken together, our results provide evidence for a novel role of LXA4 in stimulating apical ATP secretion via Pannexin-1 channels and P2RY11 purinoreceptors activation leading to an ASL height increase and epithelial repair.
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