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Fung NH, Nguyen QA, Owczarek C, Wilson N, Doomun NE, De Souza D, Quinn K, Selemidis S, McQualter J, Vlahos R, Wang H, Bozinovski S. Early-life house dust mite aeroallergen exposure augments cigarette smoke-induced myeloid inflammation and emphysema in mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:161. [PMID: 38614991 PMCID: PMC11016214 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies have identified childhood asthma as a risk factor for obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) where persistent airflow limitation can develop more aggressively. However, a causal link between childhood asthma and COPD/ACO remains to be established. Our study aimed to model the natural history of childhood asthma and COPD and to investigate the cellular/molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. METHODS Allergic airways disease was established in three-week-old young C57BL/6 mice using house dust mite (HDM) extract. Mice were subsequently exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and HDM for 8 weeks. Airspace enlargement (emphysema) was measured by the mean linear intercept method. Flow cytometry was utilised to phenotype lung immune cells. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed on lung tissue. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in bronchoalveolar lavage-fluid were analysed to screen for disease-specific biomarkers. RESULTS Chronic CS exposure induced emphysema that was significantly augmented by HDM challenge. Increased emphysematous changes were associated with more abundant immune cell lung infiltration consisting of neutrophils, interstitial macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Transcriptomic analyses identified a gene signature where disease-specific changes induced by HDM or CS alone were conserved in the HDM-CS group, and further revealed an enrichment of Mmp12, Il33 and Il13, and gene expression consistent with greater expansion of alternatively activated macrophages. VOC analysis also identified four compounds increased by CS exposure that were paradoxically reduced in the HDM-CS group. CONCLUSIONS Early-life allergic airways disease worsened emphysematous lung pathology in CS-exposed mice and markedly alters the lung transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nok Him Fung
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Owczarek
- Research and Development, CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Wilson
- Research and Development, CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadeem Elahee Doomun
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie Quinn
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Centre for Respiratory Science & Health, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Papanicolaou A, Wang H, McQualter J, Aloe C, Selemidis S, Satzke C, Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. House Dust Mite Aeroallergen Suppresses Leukocyte Phagocytosis and Netosis Initiated by Pneumococcal Lung Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835848. [PMID: 35273509 PMCID: PMC8902390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatics are highly susceptible to developing lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN, the pneumococcus). It has recently emerged that underlying allergic airway disease creates a lung microenvironment that is defective in controlling pneumococcal lung infections. In the present study, we examined how house dust mite (HDM) aeroallergen exposure altered immunity to acute pneumococcal lung infection. Alveolar macrophage (AM) isolated from HDM-exposed mice expressed alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) markers including YM1, FIZZ1, IL-10, and ARG-1. In vivo, prior HDM exposure resulted in accumulation of AAMs in the lungs and 2-log higher bacterial titres in the bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid of SPN-infected mice (Day 2). Acute pneumococcal infection further increased the expression of IL-10 and ARG1 in the lungs of HDM-exposed mice. Moreover, prior HDM exposure attenuated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the lungs and dsDNA levels in the BAL fluid of SPN-infected mice. In addition, HDM-SPN infected animals had significantly increased BAL fluid cellularity driven by an influx of macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Increased lung inflammation and mucus production was also evident in HDM-sensitised mice following acute pneumococcal infection, which was associated with exacerbated airway hyperresponsiveness. Of note, PCV13 vaccination modestly reduced pneumococcal titres in the BAL fluid of HDM-exposed animals and did not prevent BAL inflammation. Our findings provide new insights on the relationship between pneumococcal lung infections and allergic airways disease, where defective AM phagocytosis and NETosis are implicated in increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian Aloe
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Translational Microbiology Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Wang H, Aloe C, McQualter J, Papanicolaou A, Vlahos R, Wilson N, Bozinovski S. G-CSFR antagonism reduces mucosal injury and airways fibrosis in a virus-dependent model of severe asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1869-1885. [PMID: 33609280 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asthma is a chronic disease that displays heterogeneous clinical and molecular features. A phenotypic subset of late-onset severe asthmatics has debilitating fixed airflow obstruction, increased neutrophilic inflammation and a history of pneumonia. Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important viral cause of pneumonia and asthmatics are frequently hospitalised during IAV epidemics. This study aims to determine whether antagonising granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) prevents pneumonia-associated severe asthma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were sensitised to house dust mite (HDM) to establish allergic airway inflammation and subsequently infected with IAV (HKx31/H3N2 subtype). A neutralising monoclonal antibody against G-CSFR was therapeutically administered. KEY RESULTS In IAV-infected mice with prior HDM sensitisation, a significant increase in airway fibrotic remodelling and airways hyper-reactivity was observed. A mixed granulocytic inflammatory profile consisting of neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils was prominent and at a molecular level, G-CSF expression was significantly increased in HDMIAV-treated mice. Blockage of G-CSFR reduced neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchoalveolar and lungs by over 80% in HDMIAV-treated mice without altering viral clearance. Markers of NETosis (dsDNA and myeloperoxidase in bronchoalveolar), tissue injury (LDH activity in bronchoalveolar) and oedema (total bronchoalveolar-fluid protein) were also significantly reduced with anti-G-CSFR treatment. In addition, anti-G-CSFR antagonism significantly reduced bronchoalveolar gelatinase activity, active TFGβ lung levels, collagen lung expression, airways fibrosis and airways hyper-reactivity in HDMIAV-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have shown that antagonising G-CSFR-dependent neutrophilic inflammation reduced pathological disruption of the mucosal barrier and airways fibrosis in an IAV-induced severe asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Aloe
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelica Papanicolaou
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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To EE, Erlich JR, Liong F, Luong R, Liong S, Esaq F, Oseghale O, Anthony D, McQualter J, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Selemidis S. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Pathological Inflammation During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:929-942. [PMID: 31190565 PMCID: PMC7104903 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated in different subcellular sites or compartments, including endosomes via the NOX2-containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase during an immune response and in mitochondria during cellular respiration. However, while endosomal NOX2 oxidase promotes innate inflammation to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, the role of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) has not been comprehensively investigated in the context of viral infections in vivo. Results: In this study, we show that pharmacological inhibition of mtROS, with intranasal delivery of MitoTEMPO, resulted in a reduction in airway/lung inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, viral titers, as well as overall morbidity and mortality in mice infected with IAV (Hkx31, H3N2). MitoTEMPO treatment also attenuated apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils and macrophages in airway and lung tissue. At an early phase of influenza infection, that is, day 3 there were significantly lower amounts of IL-1β protein in the airways, but substantially higher amounts of type I IFN-β following MitoTEMPO treatment. Importantly, blocking mtROS did not appear to alter the initiation of an adaptive immune response by lung dendritic cells, nor did it affect lung B and T cell populations that participate in humoral and cellular immunity. Innovation/Conclusion: Influenza virus infection promotes mtROS production, which drives innate immune inflammation and this exacerbates viral pathogenesis. This pathogenic cascade highlights the therapeutic potential of local mtROS antioxidant delivery to alleviate influenza virus pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice E To
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Erlich
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Felicia Liong
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond Luong
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stella Liong
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Farisha Esaq
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Oxidant and Inflammation Biology Group, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bozinovski S, Seow HJ, Chan SPJ, Anthony D, McQualter J, Hansen M, Jenkins BJ, Anderson GP, Vlahos R. Innate cellular sources of interleukin-17A regulate macrophage accumulation in cigarette- smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:785-96. [PMID: 26201093 PMCID: PMC4613531 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pivotal cytokine that regulates lung immunity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate how IL-17A regulates CS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. IL-17A knockout (KO) mice and neutralization of IL-17A in wild-type (WT) mice reduced macrophage and neutrophil recruitment and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA expression in response to acute CS exposure. IL-17A expression was increased in non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immunodeficiency SCID) mice with non-functional B- and T-cells over a 4-week CS exposure period, where macrophages accumulated to the same extent as in WT mice. Gene expression analysis by QPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) of isolated immune cell subsets detected increased levels of IL-17A transcript in macrophages, neutrophils and NK/NKT cells in the lungs of CS-exposed mice. In order to further explore the relative contribution of innate immune cellular sources, intracellular IL-17A staining was performed. In the present study, we demonstrate that CS exposure primes natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and γδ T-cells to produce more IL-17A protein and CS alone increased the frequency of IL17+ γδ T-cells in the lung, whereas IL-17A protein was not detected in macrophages and neutrophils. Our data suggest that activation of innate cellular sources of IL-17A is an essential mediator of macrophage accumulation in CS-exposed lungs. Targeting non-conventional T-cell sources of IL-17A may offer an alternative strategy to reduce pathogenic macrophages in COPD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL3/genetics
- Chemokine CCL3/immunology
- Chemokine CCL3/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smoke
- Nicotiana/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Huei Jiunn Seow
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sheau Pyng Jamie Chan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle Hansen
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Bozinovski S, Vlahos R, Anthony D, McQualter J, Anderson G, Irving L, Steinfort D. COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:635-48. [PMID: 26013585 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has reached epidemic proportions within many regions of the world and remains the highest risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Squamous cell lung cancer is commonly detected in heavy smokers, where the risk of developing lung cancer is not solely defined by tobacco consumption. Although therapies that target common driver mutations in adenocarcinomas are showing some promise, they are proving ineffective in smoking-related squamous cell lung cancer. Since COPD is characterized by an excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress response, this review details how aberrant innate, adaptive and systemic inflammatory processes can contribute to lung cancer susceptibility in COPD. Activated leukocytes release increasing levels of proteases and free radicals as COPD progresses and tertiary lymphoid aggregates accumulate with increasing severity. Reactive oxygen species promote formation of reactive carbonyls that are not only tumourigenic through initiating DNA damage, but can directly alter the function of regulatory proteins involved in host immunity and tumour suppressor functions. Systemic inflammation is also markedly increased during infective exacerbations in COPD and the interplay between tumour-promoting serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL-17A is discussed. SAA is also an endogenous allosteric modifier of FPR2 expressed on immune and epithelial cells, and the therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor is proposed as a novel strategy for COPD-lung cancer overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Gary Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Filby C, Viitaniemi K, McQualter J, Antippa P, Irving L, Bertoncello I, Asselin-Labat ML. Abstract A2: Cells of origin of the different subtypes of lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.12aacriaslc-a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Five-year lung cancer survival is only 15% and lung cancer is responsible for more deaths than prostate, colon, pancreas, and breast cancers combined.
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism at the origin of lung cancer will generate great insights for better management of the disease. However, the lack of cell surface markers to identify and isolate early progenitor or stem cells in the normal lung represents a gap of knowledge that needs to be filled to identify cells of origin of lung cancers. By macroscopic isolation of different morphological region of the human lung and staining with cell surface markers, we have isolated distinct cell subpopulations by flow cytometry. Interestingly, these markers are expressed in some types of lung cancers but not others. We are characterizing the different subpopulations by immunostaining of cytospun cells and evaluating their in vitro colony formation capacity. In order to address potential cells of origin for the different lung tumor subtypes, gene signatures of the different normal epithelial subpopulations will be compared to the gene expression profiles of lung carcinomas available from public database.
These cell surface markers may be critical tools to identify stem/progenitor cells in the normal lung that could be the cell of origin of one type of lung cancer and not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Filby
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kati Viitaniemi
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Philip Antippa
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lou Irving
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ivan Bertoncello
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 3The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND The adult lung is a complex organ whose large surface area interfaces extensively with both the environment and circulatory system. Yet, in spite of the high potential for exposure to environmental or systemic harm, epithelial cell turnover in adult lung is comparatively slow. Moreover, loss of lung function with advancing age is becoming an increasingly costly healthcare problem. Cell-based therapies stimulating endogenous stem/progenitor cells or supplying exogenous ones have therefore become a prime translational goal. Alternatively when lung repair becomes impossible, replacement with tissue-engineered lung is an attractive emerging alternative using a decellularized matrix or bioengineered scaffold. SOURCES OF DATA Endogenous and exogenous stem cells for lung therapy are being characterized by defining developmental lineages, surface marker expression, functions within the lung and responses to injury and disease. Seeding decellularized lung tissue or bioengineered matrices with various stem and progenitor cells is an approach that has already been used to replace bronchus and trachea in human patients and awaits further development for whole lung tissue. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Cellular therapies have clear potential for respiratory disease. However, given the surface size and complexity of lung structure, the probability of a single cellular population sufficing to regenerate the entire organ, as in the bone marrow, remains low. Hence, lung regenerative medicine is currently focused around three aims: (i) to identify and stimulate resident cell populations that respond to injury or disease, (ii) to transplant exogenous cells which can ameliorate disease and (iii) to repopulate decellularized or bioengineered lung matrix creating a new implantable organ. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Lack of consensus on specific lineage markers for lung stem and progenitor cells in development and disease constrains transferability of research between laboratories and sources of cellular therapy. Furthermore, effectiveness of individual cellular therapies to correct gas exchange and provide other critical lung functions remains unproven. Finally, feasibility of autologous whole organ replacement has not been confirmed as a durable therapy. Growing points Cellular therapies for lung regeneration would be enhanced by better lineage tracing within the lung, the ability to direct differentiation of exogenous stem or progenitor cells, and the development of functional assays for cellular viability and regenerative properties. Whether endogenous or exogeneous cells will ultimately play a greater therapeutic role remains to be seen. Reducing the need for lung replacement via endogenous cell-mediated repair is a key goal. Thereafter, improving the potential of donor lungs in transplant recipients is a further area where cell-based therapies may be beneficial. Ultimately, lung replacement with autologous tissue-engineered lungs is another goal for cell-based therapy. Areas timely for developing research Defining 'lung stem or progenitor cell' populations in both animal models and human tissue may help. Additionally, standardizing assays for assessing the potential of endogenous or exogenous cells within the lung is important. Understanding cell-matrix interactions in real time and with biomechanical insight will be central for lung engineering. Cautionary note Communicating the real potential for cell-based lung therapy needs to remain realistic, given the keen expectations of patients with end-stage lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orquidea Garcia
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program,The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Abstract
Adult mouse lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC) can be defined in vitro as epithelial colony-forming units that are capable of self-renewal, and which when co-cultured with lung mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are able to give rise to differentiated progeny comprising mature lung epithelial cells. This unit describes a protocol for the prospective isolation and in vitro propagation and differentiation of adult mouse lung EpiSPC. The strategy used for selection of EpiSPC and MSC from adult mouse lung by enzymatic digestion and flow cytometry is based on the differential expression of CD45, CD31, Sca-1, EpCAM, and CD24. The culture conditions required for the differentiation (co-culture with MSC) and expansion (stromal-free culture with FGF-10 and HGF) of EpiSPC are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bertoncello
- Lung Regeneration Laboratory, The Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chan J, Ban EJ, Chun KH, Wang S, McQualter J, Bernard C, Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Methylprednisolone induces reversible clinical and pathological remission and loss of lymphocyte reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Autoimmunity 2008; 41:405-13. [PMID: 18568646 DOI: 10.1080/08916930802011258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE, induced by immunisation with myelin-associated autoantigens, is characterised by an inflammatory infiltrate in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with axonal degeneration, demyelination and damage. We have recently shown in an experimental mouse model of autoimmune gastritis that methylprednisolone treatment induces a reversible remission of gastritis with regeneration of the gastric mucosa. Here, we examined the effect of oral methylprednisolone on the mouse EAE model of human MS induced by immunisation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG(35-55)). We examined the clinical scores, CNS pathology and lymphocyte reactivity to MOG(35-55) following treatment and withdrawal of the steroid. Methylprednisolone remitted the clinical signs of EAE and the inflammatory infiltrate in the CNS, accompanied by loss of lymphocyte reactivity to MOG(35-55) peptide. Methylprednisolone withdrawal initiated relapse of the clinical features, a return of the CNS inflammatory infiltrate and lymphocyte reactivity to MOG(35-55) peptide. This is the first study to show that methylprednisolone induced a reversible remission in the clinical and pathological features of EAE in mice accompanied by loss of lymphocyte reactivity to the encephalitogen. This model will be useful for studies directed at a better understanding of mechanisms associated with steroid-induced disease remission, relapse and remyelination and also as an essential adjunct to an overall curative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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