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Jin S, Wan S, Xiong R, Li Y, Dong T, Guan C. The role of regulatory T cells in vitiligo and therapeutic advances: a mini-review. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01900-w. [PMID: 38839628 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play vital roles in controlling immune reactions and maintaining immune tolerance in the body. The targeted destruction of epidermal melanocytes by activated CD8+T cells is a key event in the development of vitiligo. However, Tregs may exert immunosuppressive effects on CD8+T cells, which could be beneficial in treating vitiligo. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to gather information on Tregs and vitiligo. RESULTS In vitiligo, there is a decrease in Treg numbers and impaired Treg functions, along with potential damage to Treg-related signaling pathways. Increasing Treg numbers and enhancing Treg function could lead to immunosuppressive effects on CD8+T cells. Recent research progress on Tregs in vitiligo has been summarized, highlighting various Treg-related therapies being investigated for clinical use. The current status of Treg-related therapeutic strategies and potential future directions for vitiligo treatment are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of Tregs will be crucial for advancing Treg-related drug discovery and treatment development in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Jin
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Renxue Xiong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingru Dong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Lv J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Yu Q, Zhang M, Su W, Tang Z, Wu Q, Wu M, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23472. [PMID: 38329323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300883rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Allergic asthma development and pathogenesis are influenced by airway epithelial cells in response to allergens. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme, has been considered an appealing target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report that alleviation of allergic airway inflammation by HO-1-mediated suppression of pyroptosis in airway epithelial cells (AECs). Using house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma models of mice, we found increased gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the airway epithelium. In vivo administration of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of pore formation by GSDMD, decreased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) release, T helper type 2 immune response, alleviated airway inflammation, and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). HO-1 induction by hemin administration reversed these phenotypes. In vitro studies revealed that HO-1 restrained GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and cytokine TSLP release in AECs by binding Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) p65 RHD domain and thus controlling NF-κB-dependent pyroptosis. These data provide new therapeutic indications for purposing HO-1 to counteract inflammation, which contributes to allergic inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Yu
- Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Bei KF, Moshkelgosha S, Liu BJ, Juvet S. Intragraft regulatory T cells in the modern era: what can high-dimensional methods tell us about pathways to allograft acceptance? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291649. [PMID: 38077395 PMCID: PMC10701590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement of diseased organs with transplanted healthy donor ones remains the best and often only treatment option for end-stage organ disease. Immunosuppressants have decreased the incidence of acute rejection, but long-term survival remains limited. The broad action of current immunosuppressive drugs results in global immune impairment, increasing the risk of cancer and infections. Hence, achievement of allograft tolerance, in which graft function is maintained in the absence of global immunosuppression, has long been the aim of transplant clinicians and scientists. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a specialized subset of immune cells that control a diverse array of immune responses, can prevent allograft rejection in animals, and have recently been explored in early phase clinical trials as an adoptive cellular therapy in transplant recipients. It has been established that allograft residency by Tregs can promote graft acceptance, but whether intragraft Treg functional diversification and spatial organization contribute to this process is largely unknown. In this review, we will explore what is known regarding the properties of intragraft Tregs during allograft acceptance and rejection. We will summarize recent advances in understanding Treg tissue residency through spatial, transcriptomic and high-dimensional cytometric methods in both animal and human studies. Our discussion will explore properties of intragraft Tregs in mediating operational tolerance to commonly transplanted solid organs. Finally, given recent developments in Treg cellular therapy, we will review emerging knowledge of whether and how these adoptively transferred cells enter allografts in humans. An understanding of the properties of intragraft Tregs will help lay the foundation for future therapies that will promote immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fan Bei
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajad Moshkelgosha
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Jie Liu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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Vaikunthanathan T, Landmann E, Correa DM, Romano M, Trevelin SC, Peng Q, Crespo E, Corrado M, Lozano JJ, Pearce EL, Perpinan E, Zoccarato A, Siew L, Edwards-Hicks J, Khan R, Luu NT, Thursz MR, Newsome PN, Martinez-Llordella M, Shah N, Lechler RI, Shah AM, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lombardi G, Safinia N. Dysregulated anti-oxidant signalling and compromised mitochondrial integrity negatively influence regulatory T cell function and viability in liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104778. [PMID: 37657135 PMCID: PMC10480539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are key pathogenic drivers of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis (LC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to prevent excessive immune activation and maintain tissue homeostasis. While inflammatory cues are well known to modulate the function and stability of Tregs, the extent to which Tregs are influenced by oxidative stress has not been fully explored. METHODS The phenotypic and functional properties of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Tregs isolated from patients with LC were compared to healthy controls (HC). Treg redox state was investigated by characterizing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) activity, mitochondrial function, morphology, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant signalling. The relevance of Nrf2 and its downstream target, Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in Treg function, stability, and survival, was further assessed using mouse models and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HO-1 knock-out. FINDINGS Circulating Tregs from LC patients displayed a reduced suppressive function, correlating with liver disease severity, associated with phenotypic abnormalities and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, this was linked to a dysregulated Nrf2 signalling with resultant lower levels of HO-1, enhanced Nox2 activation, and impaired mitochondrial respiration and integrity. The functional deficit in LC Tregs could be partially recapitulated by culturing control Tregs in patient sera. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal that Tregs rely on functional redox homeostasis for their function, stability, and survival. Targeting Treg specific anti-oxidant pathways may have therapeutic potential to reverse the Treg impairment in conditions of oxidative damage such as advanced liver disease. FUNDING This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (211113/A/18/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishan Vaikunthanathan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Emmanuelle Landmann
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Diana Marin Correa
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Qi Peng
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Crespo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Juan-José Lozano
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph Stelzmannstrasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Calle Rossello 153 Bajos, O8036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Perpinan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siew
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Reenam Khan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Institute of Liver Sciences, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1NY, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Martinez-Llordella
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Naina Shah
- James Black Centre, Department of Cardiovascular sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert I Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology & Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Niloufar Safinia
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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6
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Sen S, Samat R, Jash M, Ghosh S, Roy R, Mukherjee N, Ghosh S, Sarkar J, Ghosh S. Potential Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial, Wound Healing, and Disinfectant Cationic Peptide Crafted from Snake Venom. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11555-11572. [PMID: 37566805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial cationic peptides are intriguing and propitious antibiotics for the future, even against multidrug-resistant superbugs. Venoms serve as a source of cutting-edge therapeutics and innovative, unexplored medicines. In this study, a novel cationic peptide library consisting of seven sequences was designed and synthesized from the snake venom cathelicidin, batroxicidin (BatxC), with the inclusion of the FLPII motif at the N-terminus. SP1V3_1 demonstrated exceptional antibacterial effectiveness against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and destroyed the bacteria by depolarizing, rupturing, and permeabilizing their membranes, as evident from fluorescence assays, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. SP1V3_1 was observed to modulate the immune response in LPS-elicited U937 cells and exhibited good antibiofilm activity against MRSA and K. pneumoniae. The peptide promoted wound healing and disinfection in the murine model. The study demonstrated that SP1V3_1 is an exciting peptide lead and may be explored further for the development of better therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Sen
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
- iHUB Drishti Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Ramkamal Samat
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Moumita Jash
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Satyajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Surojit Ghosh
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Centre for Research and Development of Scientific Instruments, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
- iHUB Drishti Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
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7
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Lianos EA, Detsika MG. Metalloporphyrins as Tools for Deciphering the Role of Heme Oxygenase in Renal Immune Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6815. [PMID: 37047787 PMCID: PMC10095062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal immune injury is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, and, despite the progress made in understanding underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, current treatments to preserve renal function continue to be based mainly on systemic immunosuppression. Small molecules, naturally occurring biologic agents, show considerable promise in acting as disease modifiers and may provide novel therapeutic leads. Certain naturally occurring or synthetic Metalloporphyrins (Mps) can act as disease modifiers by increasing heme oxygenase (HO) enzymatic activity and/or synthesis of the inducible HO isoform (HO-1). Depending on the metal moiety of the Mp employed, these effects may occur in tandem or can be discordant (increased HO-1 synthesis but inhibition of enzyme activity). This review discusses effects of Mps, with varying redox-active transitional metals and cyclic porphyrin cores, on mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and outcomes of renal immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Lianos
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Tech, Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA 24153, USA
| | - Maria G. Detsika
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
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8
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Leal EC, Carvalho E. Heme Oxygenase-1 as Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912043. [PMID: 36233341 PMCID: PMC9569859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Wound healing under diabetic conditions is often impaired. This is in part due to the excessive oxidative stress, prolonged inflammation, immune cell dysfunction, delayed re-epithelialization, and decreased angiogenesis present at the wound site. As a result of these multifactorial impaired healing pathways, it has been difficult to develop effective therapeutic strategies for DFU. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation generating carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV) which is converted into bilirubin (BR), and iron. HO-1 is a potent antioxidant. It can act as an anti-inflammatory, proliferative, angiogenic and cytoprotective enzyme. Due to its biological functions, HO-1 plays a very important role in wound healing, in part mediated through the biologically active end products generated by its enzymatic activity, particularly CO, BV, and BR. Therapeutic strategies involving the activation of HO-1, or the topical application of its biologically active end products are important in diabetic wound healing. Therefore, HO-1 is an attractive therapeutic target for DFU treatment. This review will provide an overview and discussion of the importance of HO-1 as a therapeutic target for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.C.L.); (E.C.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (E.C.L. & E.C.)
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.C.L.); (E.C.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (E.C.L. & E.C.)
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9
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Silva RCMC, Vasconcelos LR, Travassos LH. The different facets of heme-oxygenase 1 in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:609-631. [PMID: 36018440 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are responsible for the main oxidative step in heme degradation, generating equimolar amounts of free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced as a crucial stress response protein, playing protective roles in physiologic and pathological conditions, due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms behind HO-1-mediated protection are being explored by different studies, affecting cell fate through multiple ways, such as reduction in intracellular levels of heme and ROS, transcriptional regulation, and through its byproducts generation. In this review we focus on the interplay between HO-1 and immune-related signaling pathways, which culminate in the activation of transcription factors important in immune responses and inflammation. We also discuss the dual interaction of HO-1 and inflammatory mediators that govern resolution and tissue damage. We highlight the dichotomy of HO-1 in innate and adaptive immune cells development and activation in different disease contexts. Finally, we address different known anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that are now being described to modulate HO-1, and the possible contribution of HO-1 in their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcelos
- Cellular Signaling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Immune Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030465. [PMID: 35326116 PMCID: PMC8944570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is not only a rate-limiting enzyme in heme metabolism but is also regarded as a protective protein with an immunoregulation role in asthmatic airway inflammation. HO-1 exerts an anti-inflammation role in different stages of airway inflammation via regulating various immune cells, such as dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, T cells, and macrophages. In addition, the immunoregulation role of HO-1 may differ according to subcellular locations.
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11
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Schisandrin B promotes Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion by activating heme oxygenase-1 in dendritic cells and exhibits immunomodulatory effects in Th2-mediated allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 918:174775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Li Y, Ma K, Han Z, Chi M, Sai X, Zhu P, Ding Z, Song L, Liu C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:708453. [PMID: 34504854 PMCID: PMC8421649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.708453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous damage that affects the function and the structure of the kidneys. The rising incidence of kidney diseases represents a considerable burden on the healthcare system, so the development of new drugs and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The pathophysiology of kidney diseases is complex and involves multiple processes, including inflammation, autophagy, cell-cycle progression, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in the process of heme degradation, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its cytoprotective properties. As an enzyme with known anti-oxidative functions, HO-1 plays an indispensable role in the regulation of oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of several kidney diseases. Moreover, current studies have revealed that HO-1 can affect cell proliferation, cell maturation, and other metabolic processes, thereby altering the function of immune cells. Many strategies, such as the administration of HO-1-overexpressing macrophages, use of phytochemicals, and carbon monoxide-based therapies, have been developed to target HO-1 in a variety of nephropathological animal models, indicating that HO-1 is a promising protein for the treatment of kidney diseases. Here, we briefly review the effects of HO-1 induction on specific immune cell populations with the aim of exploring the potential therapeutic roles of HO-1 and designing HO-1-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolun Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wu Y, Yu Q, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Su X, Wu M, Lv J, Xia Z. Hemin-primed dendritic cells suppress allergic airway inflammation through releasing extracellular vesicles. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:837-848. [PMID: 34296788 PMCID: PMC9292814 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0321-175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemin, a substrate of heme oxygenase (HO)‐1, induces HO‐1 expression on a variety of cells to exert anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory roles. However, the role of HO‐1 in allergic diseases for dendritic cells (DCs) is not fully understood. Here, we report that HO‐1 modulates asthmatic airway inflammation by hemin‐treated DC‐released extracellular vesicles (DCEVs). Following induction of bone marrow‐derived DCs by hemin and then by house dust mite (HDM) in vitro, mouse CD4+ naïve T cells were cocultured with DCEVs to determine T helper (h) cell differentiation. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by different stimuli‐induced DCEVs and challenged with HDM to analyze the changes of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results showed that hemin‐treated DCEVs (hemin‐DCEVs) express phosphatidylserine (PS), CD81, heat shock protein 70, and HO‐1, which facilitates regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiation in vitro and in vivo. In HDM‐induced asthmatic mouse model, hemin‐DCEVs inhalation reduced eosinophils infiltration and mucus secretion in the airway, decreased the levels of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the lung and the number of Th2 cells in mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs), and increased the number of Treg cells in MLNs. Thus, our study demonstrated, for the first time, that EVs from HO‐1‐overexpressing DCs alleviate allergic airway inflammation of eosinophilic asthma by potentiating Treg cells differentiation and limiting proinflammatory cytokine secretion, which expands our understanding of HO‐1 function, opening the door for HO‐1 inducer‐like hemin as a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma or other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Matino D, Afraz S, Zhao G, Tieu P, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Iorio A. Tolerance to FVIII: Role of the Immune Metabolic Enzymes Indoleamine 2,3 Dyoxigenase-1 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:620. [PMID: 32351505 PMCID: PMC7174632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies is a major complication in the treatment of patients affected by hemophilia A. The immune response to FVIII is a complex, multi-factorial process that has been extensively studied for the past two decades. The reasons why only a proportion of hemophilic patients treated with FVIII concentrates develop a clinically significant immune response is incompletely understood. The "danger theory" has been proposed as a possible explanation to interpret the findings of some observational clinical studies highlighting the possible detrimental impact of inflammatory stimuli at the time of replacement therapy on inhibitor development. The host immune system is often challenged to react to FVIII under steady state or inflammatory conditions (e.g., bleeding, infections) although fine tuning of mechanisms of immune tolerance can control this reactivity and promote long-term unresponsiveness to the therapeutically administered factor. Recent studies have provided evidence that multiple interactions involving central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance are integrated by the host immune system with the environmental conditions at the time of FVIII exposure and influence the balance between immunity and tolerance to FVIII. Here we review evidences showing the involvement of two key immunoregulatory oxygenase enzymes (IDO1, HO-1) that have been studied in hemophilia patients and pre-clinical models, showing that the ability of the host immune system to induce such regulatory proteins under inflammatory conditions can play important roles in the balance between immunity and tolerance to exogenous FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Matino
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sajjad Afraz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George Zhao
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Tieu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Chen L, Zhong JL. MicroRNA and heme oxygenase-1 in allergic disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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A Role of the Heme Degradation Pathway in Shaping Prostate Inflammatory Responses and Lipid Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:830-843. [PMID: 32035059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of prostate inflammation are unclear. We hypothesized that heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1; HO-1), an enzyme responsible for degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, bilirubin, and iron, is an important regulator of inflammation and epithelial responses in the prostate. Injection of non-uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MG1655 strain) or phosphate-buffered saline into the urethra of mice led to increased numbers of CD45+ leukocytes and mitotic markers (phosphorylated histone H3 and phosphorylated ERK1/2) in the prostate glands. Leukocyte infiltration was elevated in the prostates harvested from mice lacking HO-1 in myeloid compartment. Conversely, exogenous carbon monoxide (250 ppm) increased IL-1β levels and suppressed cell proliferation in the prostates. Carbon monoxide did not affect the number of infiltrating CD45+ cells in the prostates of E. coli- or phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice. Interestingly, immunomodulatory effects of HO-1 and/or carbon monoxide correlated with early induction of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). ACSL1 levels were elevated in response to E. coli treatment, and macrophage-expressed ACSL1 was in part required for controlling of IL-1β expression and prostate cancer cell colony growth in soft agar. These results suggest that HO-1 and/or carbon monoxide might play a distinctive role in modulating prostate inflammation, cell proliferation, and IL-1β levels in part via an ACSL1-mediated pathway.
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18
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Lv J, Su W, Yu Q, Zhang M, Di C, Lin X, Wu M, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 protects airway epithelium against apoptosis by targeting the proinflammatory NLRP3-RXR axis in asthma. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18454-18465. [PMID: 30333233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is thought to be caused by malfunction of type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-mediated immunity, causing excessive inflammation, mucus overproduction, and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) functions in heme catabolism and is both cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory. We hypothesized that this dual function may be related to asthma's etiology. Using primary airway epithelial cells (pAECs) and an asthma mouse model, we demonstrate that severe lung inflammation is associated with rapid pAEC apoptosis. Surprisingly, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inhibition, retinoid X receptor (RXR) deficiency, and HO-1 induction were associated with abrogated apoptosis. MCC950, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 activation, reduced RXR expression, leading to decreased pAEC apoptosis that was reversed by the RXR agonist adapalene. Of note, HO-1 induction in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced eosinophilic asthma suppressed Th2 responses and reduced apoptosis of pulmonary pAECs. In vitro, HO-1 induction desensitized cultured pAECs to ovalbumin-induced apoptosis, confirming the in vivo observations. Critically, the HO-1 products carbon monoxide and bilirubin suppressed the NLRP3-RXR axis in pAECs. Furthermore, HO-1 impaired production of NLRP3-RXR-induced cytokines (interleukin [IL]-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in pAECs and lungs. Finally, we demonstrate that HO-1 binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3 and the RXRα and RXRβ subunits and that this binding is not reversed by Sn-protoporphyrin. Our findings indicate that HO-1 and its products are essential for pAEC survival to maintain airway epithelium homeostasis during NLRP3-RXR-mediated apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lv
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Wen Su
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Qianying Yu
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Meng Zhang
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Caixia Di
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Min Wu
- the School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
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19
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Zhang Q, Cui T, Chang Y, Zhang W, Li S, He Y, Li B, Liu L, Wang G, Gao T, Li C, Jian Z. HO-1 regulates the function of Treg: Association with the immune intolerance in vitiligo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4335-4343. [PMID: 29974998 PMCID: PMC6111856 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitiligo, cutaneous depigmentation is accompanied by increased T cell cytolytic activity targeting melanocytes, indicating that autoimmune tolerance is disrupted. The inhibited amount and function of Tregs have been indicated to be involved in the autoimmune intolerance in vitiligo, however, with the conclusion still controversial and the involved mechanism unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular and cellular alterations accounting for the impaired Treg response in vitiligo. Our results showed that the amount of Tregs was drastically reduced in peripheral blood of active vitiligo patients. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory function of Tregs was attenuated, with lower expression of CTLA4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β. Moreover, the expression of HO‐1, a functional modulator of Tregs, was decreased in vitiligo Tregs, and the concentrations of HO‐1 metabolites, including bilirubin, CoHb and iron, were correspondingly decreased in serum of vitiligo patients. In addition, we treated the Tregs from vitiligo patients with Hemin, an agonist of HO‐1, and found that enhanced HO‐1 expression restored the function of Tregs by up‐regulating IL‐10 expression. Our study demonstrates the essential role of HO‐1 in the impaired Treg response in vitiligo and indicates the potential of HO‐1 as a therapeutic target in vitiligo management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Lin XL, Lv JJ, Lv J, Di CX, Zhang YJ, Zhou T, Liu JL, Xia ZW. Heme oxygenase-1 directly binds STAT3 to control the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells during neutrophilic airway inflammation. Allergy 2017; 72:1972-1987. [PMID: 28580587 DOI: 10.1111/all.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific JAK/STAT pathways play a critical role in the functional differentiation of distinct Th subsets. Previously, we showed that HO-1, a stress-inducible protein, inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and alleviates neutrophilic airway inflammation, but the responsible molecular basis remains unclear. METHODS We employed Th17-skewing differentiation and NEA mouse models to study the role of HO-1 in regulating IL-6-STAT3-RORγt/SOCS3 signaling pathway to control Th17 cell-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation. The levels of cytokines and expressions of relative signaling molecules were measured by ELISA, western blot, and qPCR, respectively. Frequency of CD4+ IL-17A+ , CD4+ IL-6R+ , and CD4+ IL-23R+ cells was analyzed by FCM. The interaction between HO-1 and signaling pathway-related proteins was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot. RESULTS Here, we show that hemin-induced HO-1 overexpression is required to mediate this process. Specifically, HO-1 decreased STAT3 phosphorylation but not IL-6R/IL-23R expression or JAK1/JAK2 activation in CD4+ T cells. The effect was accompanied by co-inhibition of SOCS3, a negative feedback factor of STAT3 activation. HO-1 bound to three domains on STAT3 (DNA-binding, linker, and transactivation domains) to directly regulate STAT3 activation. Conversely, either forced expression of a constitutively active STAT3 mutant or application of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) for HO-1 reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HO-1 exerts its inhibitory effect on Th17 cell differentiation by directly associating and blocking STAT3 phosphorylation. We speculate that hemin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of other types of immune and pulmonary inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. L. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - J. J. Lv
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - J. Lv
- Department of Pediatrics; Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - C. X. Di
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Y. J. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - T. Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - J. L. Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Z. W. Xia
- Department of Pediatrics; Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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21
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Modulation of T-Cell Regulation Correlates with Heme Oxgenase-1 Pathway Changes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:1015-1023. [PMID: 27391839 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors' previous proteome study revealed that haptoglobin was involved in adipose-derived stem cell modulation of allotransplant survival and T-cell regulation to induce immune tolerance. This study investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells could modulate T-cell regulation through haptoglobin and the downstream heme oxgenase-1 pathway in vitro. METHODS Splenocytes were isolated from Lewis rat spleens and then CD3 T cells were purified using anti-CD3 beads. Adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from Lewis rats and co-cultured with the T cells. After Transwell co-culture at different periods, the authors analyzed cell proliferation with a bromodeoxyuridine assay. Cell extractions and culture supernatants were collected for further analysis. Heme oxgenase-1 and related protein expression levels from the adipose-derived stem cells and T cells were detected using Western blotting. The related cytokine expression levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Flow cytometry was used to detect the regulatory T-cell proportion. RESULTS The adipose-derived stem cells significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation. The regulatory T-cell percentages were significantly increased in the adipose-derived stem cells that were co-cultured with T cells compared with T cells alone without adipose-derived stem cell co-culture. Heme oxgenase-1 expression in concanavalin A-stimulated T cells that were co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells revealed a significant increase compared with concanavalin A-stimulated T cells alone. Cytokine assays of the culture supernatants revealed that transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 were significantly increased and interferon-γ was statistically decreased in the adipose-derived stem cell-co-cultured T-cell group compared with other groups; however, blockade with a heme oxgenase-1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin IX) protected against these changes. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived stem cells modulate T-cell proliferation and enhance regulatory T-cell expression, and this correlated with heme oxgenase-1 expression and related cytokine pathway changes.
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22
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Diaz MF, Vaidya AB, Evans SM, Lee HJ, Aertker BM, Alexander AJ, Price KM, Ozuna JA, Liao GP, Aroom KR, Xue H, Gu L, Omichi R, Bedi S, Olson SD, Cox CS, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Forces Promote Immune Regulatory Function of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1259-1272. [PMID: 28181347 PMCID: PMC5405000 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are believed to mobilize from the bone marrow in response to inflammation and injury, yet the effects of egress into the vasculature on MSC function are largely unknown. Here we show that wall shear stress (WSS) typical of fluid frictional forces present on the vascular lumen stimulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as chemokines capable of immune cell recruitment. WSS specifically promotes signaling through NFκB-COX2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by activated immune cells. Ex vivo conditioning of MSCs by WSS improved therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of traumatic brain injury, as evidenced by decreased apoptotic and M1-type activated microglia in the hippocampus. These results demonstrate that force provides critical cues to MSCs residing at the vascular interface which influence immunomodulatory and paracrine activity, and suggest the potential therapeutic use of force for MSC functional enhancement. Stem Cells 2017;35:1259-1272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F. Diaz
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abishek B. Vaidya
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Siobahn M. Evans
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hyun J. Lee
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Aertker
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J. Alexander
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine M. Price
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joyce A. Ozuna
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George P. Liao
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin R. Aroom
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hasen Xue
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Gu
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Omichi
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Supinder Bedi
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Children’s Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Yoon SJ, Kim SJ, Lee SM. Overexpression of HO-1 Contributes to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression by Modulating the Th1/Th2 Balance and Regulatory T-Cell Function. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1608-1618. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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24
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Ma OKF, Chan KH. Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells: Interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory lymphocytes. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:268-78. [PMID: 27679683 PMCID: PMC5031888 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i9.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties, which confer enormous potential for clinical application. Considerable evidence revealed their efficacy on various animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and uveitis. MSCs elicit their immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting lymphocyte activation and proliferation, forbidding the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, limiting the function of antigen presenting cells, and inducing regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells. The induction of Treg and Breg cells is of particular interest since Treg and Breg cells have significant roles in maintaining immune tolerance. Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding to the MSCs-mediated induction of Treg and Breg cells. Accordingly, MSCs induce regulatory lymphocytes through secretion of multiple pleiotropic cytokines, cell-to-cell contact with target cells and modulation of antigen-presenting cells. Here, we summarized how MSCs induce Treg and Breg cells to provoke immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ka-Fai Ma
- Oscar Ka-Fai Ma, Koon Ho Chan, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Koon Ho Chan
- Oscar Ka-Fai Ma, Koon Ho Chan, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Schisandrin B inhibits Th1/Th17 differentiation and promotes regulatory T cell expansion in mouse lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:257-264. [PMID: 27085037 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (Sch-B), the most abundant active ingredient of the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has been proposed to have antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Sch-B on differentiation of T helper cells (Th). Using mouse splenic lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) in vitro and ex vivo as inflammation models, we found that Sch-B significantly inhibited secretion of Th1 and Th17 related cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17. In addition, we found that Sch-B suppressed the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells, while promoted their differentiation into the regulatory T cells (Treg) in vitro. We further found that Sch-B suppressed transcription of Th1-related T-box transcription factor, T-bet, and Th17-related transcription factor, retinoid related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), while enhanced transcription of Treg-related transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) in naive CD4+ T cells under Th cell polarization conditions. Furthermore, the effect of Sch-B on the T cell differentiation was abrogated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin. Taken together, we conclude that Sch-B can modulate differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into specific lineages of effector cells, which may have potential benefits for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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26
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Zhong W, Di C, Lv J, Zhang Y, Lin X, Yuan Y, Lv J, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits basophil maturation and activation but promotes its apoptosis in T helper type 2-mediated allergic airway inflammation. Immunology 2016; 147:321-37. [PMID: 26879758 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been studied extensively in many disease models including asthma. Many cell types are anti-inflammatory targets of HO-1, such as dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. In contrast to previous reports that HO-1 had limited effects on basophils, which participate in T helper type 2 immune responses and antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation, we demonstrated in this study, for the first time, that the up-regulation of HO-1 significantly suppressed the maturation of mouse basophils, decreased the expression of CD40, CD80, MHC-II and activation marker CD200R on basophils, blocked DQ-ovalbumin uptake and promoted basophil apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the inhibition of T helper type 2 polarization. These effects of HO-1 were mimicked by exogenous carbon monoxide, which is one of the catalytic products of HO-1. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of HO-1-modified basophils reduced ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. The above effects of HO-1 can be reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor Sn-protoporphyrin IX. Moreover, conditional depletion of basophils accompanying hemin treatment further attenuated airway inflammation compared with the hemin group, indicating that the protective role of HO-1 may involve multiple immune cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that HO-1 exerted its anti-inflammatory function through suppression of basophil maturation and activation, but promotion of basophil apoptosis, providing a possible novel therapeutic target in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Zhong
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Galeotti C, Hegde P, Das M, Stephen-Victor E, Canale F, Muñoz M, Sharma VK, Dimitrov JD, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Heme oxygenase-1 is dispensable for the anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous immunoglobulin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19592. [PMID: 26796539 PMCID: PMC4726216 DOI: 10.1038/srep19592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is used in the therapy of various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The mechanisms by which IVIG exerts anti-inflammatory effects are not completely understood. IVIG interacts with numerous components of the immune system including dendritic cells, macrophages, T and B cells and modulate their functions. Recent studies have reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory response in several pathologies. Several therapeutic agents exert anti-inflammatory effects via induction of HO-1. Therefore, we aimed at exploring if anti-inflammatory effects of IVIG are mediated via HO-1 pathway. Confirming the previous reports, we report that IVIG exerts anti-inflammatory effects on innate cells as shown by the inhibitory effects on IL-6 and nitric oxide production and confers protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. However, these effects were not associated with an induction of HO-1 either in innate cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages or in the kidneys and liver of IVIG-treated EAE mice. Also, inhibition of endogenous HO-1 did not modify anti-inflammatory effects of IVIG. These results thus indicate that IVIG exerts anti-inflammatory effects independent of HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Galeotti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, National Referral Centre of Auto-inflammatory Diseases, CHU de Bicêtre, le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94270, France
| | - Pushpa Hegde
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Fernando Canale
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Marcos Muñoz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Varun K Sharma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,International Associated Laboratory IMPACT (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France - Indian council of Medical Research, India), National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe - Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, F-75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, F-75006, France.,International Associated Laboratory IMPACT (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France - Indian council of Medical Research, India), National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, 400012, India
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28
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Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation. Transl Res 2016; 167:7-34. [PMID: 26166253 PMCID: PMC4857893 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα (BR). HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammatory signaling programs through the generation of its biologically active end products, namely CO, BV and BR. CO, when applied exogenously, can affect apoptotic, proliferative, and inflammatory cellular programs. Specifically, CO can modulate the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. HO-1 and CO may also have immunomodulatory effects with respect to regulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Therapeutic strategies to modulate HO-1 in disease include the application of natural-inducing compounds and gene therapy approaches for the targeted genetic overexpression or knockdown of HO-1. Several compounds have been used therapeutically to inhibit HO activity, including competitive inhibitors of the metalloporphyrin series or noncompetitive isoform-selective derivatives of imidazole-dioxolanes. The end products of HO activity, CO, BV and BR may be used therapeutically as pharmacologic treatments. CO may be applied by inhalation or through the use of CO-releasing molecules. This review will discuss HO-1 as a therapeutic target in diseases involving inflammation, including lung and vascular injury, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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29
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WEI JINGJING, FAN GUOQUAN, ZHAO HUI, LI JIANQIANG. Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates inflammation and oxidative damage in a rat model of smoke-induced emphysema. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1384-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Reno AL, Brooks EG, Ameredes BT. Mechanisms of Heightened Airway Sensitivity and Responses to Inhaled SO2 in Asthmatics. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2015; 9:13-25. [PMID: 25922579 PMCID: PMC4384764 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a problematic inhalable air pollutant in areas of widespread industrialization, not only in the United States but also in countries undergoing rapid industrialization, such as China, and it can be a potential trigger factor for asthma exacerbations. It is known that asthmatics are sensitive to the effects of SO2; however, the basis of this enhanced sensitivity remains incompletely understood. A PubMed search was performed over the course of 2014, encompassing the following terms: asthma, airway inflammation, sulfur dioxide, IL-10, mouse studies, and human studies. This search indicated that biomarkers of SO2 exposure, SO2 effects on airway epithelial cell function, and animal model data are useful in our understanding of the body's response to SO2, as are SO2-associated amplification of allergic inflammation, and potential promotion of neurogenic inflammation due to chemical irritant properties. While definitive answers are still being sought, these areas comprise important foci of consideration regarding asthmatic responses to inhaled SO2. Furthermore, IL-10 deficiency associated with asthma may be another important factor associated with an inability to resolve inflammation and mitigate oxidative stress resulting from SO2 inhalation, supporting the idea that asthmatics are predisposed to SO2 sensitivity, leading to asthma exacerbations and airway dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward G Brooks
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
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31
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Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Effects of heme oxygenase-1 on innate and adaptive immune responses promoting pregnancy success and allograft tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2015; 5:288. [PMID: 25610397 PMCID: PMC4285018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, HO-1 is reportedly involved in suppressing destructive immune responses associated with inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection. During pregnancy, maternal tolerance to foreign fetal antigens is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation and fetal development. Here, HO-1 has been implicated in counteracting the overwhelming inflammatory immune responses towards fetal allo-antigens, thereby contributing to fetal acceptance. Accordingly, HO-1 ablation negatively impacts the critical steps of pregnancy such as fertilization, implantation, placentation, and fetal growth. In the present review, we summarize recent data on the immune modulatory capacity of HO-1 towards allo-antigens expressed by the semi-allogeneic fetus and organ allografts. In this regard, HO-1 has been shown to promote alloantigen tolerance by blocking dendritic cell maturation resulting in reduced T cell responses and increased numbers of regulatory T cells. Moreover, HO-1 is suggested to shift the uterine cytokine milieu towards a protective Th2 profile and protects fetal tissue from apoptosis by upregulating anti-apoptotic molecules. Thus, HO-1 is not only a pivotal regulator of the initial steps of pregnancy; but also, an important player in supporting the maternal immune system in tolerating the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schumacher
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in the potential for microbe-based therapeutic approaches to asthma and respiratory infection. However, to date, clinical trials of probiotics in the treatment of respiratory disease have met with limited success. It is becoming clear that to identify the true therapeutic potential of microbes we must move away from a purely empirical approach to clinical trials and adopt knowledge-based selection of candidate probiotics strains, dose, and means of administration. Animal models have played a key role in the identification of mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory capacity of specific bacteria. Microbe-induced changes in dendritic cell phenotype and function appear key to orchestrating the multiple pathways, involving inter alia, T cells, natural killer cells, and alveolar macrophages, associated with the protective effect of probiotics. Moving forward, the development of knowledge-based strategies for microbe-based therapeutics in respiratory disease will be aided by greater understanding of how specific bacterial structural motifs activate unique combinations of pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells and thus direct desired immune responses.
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33
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Toor JS, Singh S, Sharma A, Arora SK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates the gene interactions to activate the HIV replication and faster disease progression in a co-infected host. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106815. [PMID: 25198707 PMCID: PMC4157787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the chronic immune activation, breakdown of immune defense and synergistic effect between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may provide essential information regarding key factors involved in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. In this study, we aimed to highlight a few of the immunological events that may influence and accelerate the progression of HIV disease in the presence of co-infecting Mtb. A cross-sectional study was performed on cohorts, including anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) naïve active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve HIV-1 infected individuals at different stages of disease, ATT and ART naïve HIV-PTB co-infected individuals and healthy controls. A significantly higher T-regulatory cell (Treg) frequency coupled with the high FoxP3 expression in the CD4 T-cells indicated an immunosuppressive environment in the advance stage of HIV-1 infection. This is further substantiated by high HO-1 expression favoring TB co-infection. Functionally, this change in Treg frequency in HIV-1 infected individuals correlated well with suppression of T-cell proliferation. Mtb infection seems to facilitate the expansion of the Treg pool along with increased expression of FoxP3, specifically the variant-1, as evident from the data in HIV-1 co-infected as well as in patients with only PTB. A significantly lower expression of HO-1 in co-infected individuals compared to patients with only HIV-infection having comparable CD4 count correlated well with increased expression of CCR5 and CxCR4 as well as NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which collectively may contribute to enhanced viral replication and increased cell death, hence faster disease progression in co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep S. Toor
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil K. Arora
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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34
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Gourevitch D, Kossenkov AV, Zhang Y, Clark L, Chang C, Showe LC, Heber-Katz E. Inflammation and Its Correlates in Regenerative Wound Healing: An Alternate Perspective. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:592-603. [PMID: 25207202 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The wound healing response may be viewed as partially overlapping sets of two physiological processes, regeneration and wound repair with the former overrepresented in some lower species such as newts and the latter more typical of mammals. A robust and quantitative model of regenerative healing has been described in Murphy Roths Large (MRL) mice in which through-and-through ear hole wounds in the ear pinna leads to scarless healing and replacement of all tissue through blastema formation and including cartilage. Since these mice are naturally autoimmune and display many aspects of an enhanced inflammatory response, we chose to examine the inflammatory status during regenerative ear hole closure and observed that inflammation has a clear positive effect on regenerative healing. Approach: The inflammatory gene expression patterns (Illumina microarrays) of early healing ear tissue from regenerative MRL and nonregenerative C57BL/6 (B6) strains are presented along with a survey of innate inflammatory cells found in this tissue type pre and postinjury. The role of inflammation on healing is tested using a COX-2 inhibitor. Innovation and Conclusion: We conclude that (1) enhanced inflammation is consistent with, and probably necessary, for a full regenerative response and (2) the inflammatory gene expression and cell distribution patterns suggest a novel mast cell population with markers found in both immature and mature mast cells that may be a key component of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lise Clark
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Celia Chang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhong W, Di C, Lin X, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute murine colitis by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26847-26858. [PMID: 25112868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by nonspecific inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent investigations suggest that activation of Th17 cells and/or deficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a protein with a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory function, which exerts significantly protective roles in various T cell-mediated diseases. In this study, we aim to explore the immunological regulation of HO-1 in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced model of experimental murine colitis. BALB/c mice were administered 4% dextran sulfate sodium orally; some mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with HO-1 inducer hemin or HO-1 inhibitor stannum protoporphyrin IX. The results show that hemin enhances the colonic expression of HO-1 and significantly ameliorates the symptoms of colitis with improved histological changes, accompanied by a decreased proportion of Th17 cells and increased number of Tregs in mesenteric lymph node and spleen. Moreover, induction of HO-1 down-regulates retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt expression and IL-17A levels, while promoting Treg-related forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression and IL-10 levels in colon. Further study in vitro revealed that up-regulated HO-1 switched the naive T cells to Tregs when cultured under a Th17-inducing environment, which involved in IL-6R blockade. Therefore, HO-1 may exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in the murine model of acute experimental colitis via regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells, thus providing a possible novel therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China and.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Di C, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 exerts a protective role in ovalbumin-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th17 cell-mediated immune response. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34612-26. [PMID: 24097973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is conventionally considered as a Th2 immune response characterized by eosinophilic inflammation. Recent investigations revealed that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA), resulting in steroid-resistant neutrophilic airway inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis functions. However, its role in NEA is still unclear. Here, we explore the role of HO-1 in a mouse model of NEA. HO-1 inducer hemin or HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX was injected intraperitoneally into ovalbumin-challenged DO11.10 mice. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was delivered into mice to knock down HO-1 expression. The results show that induction of HO-1 by hemin attenuated airway inflammation and decreased neutrophil infiltration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and was accompanied by a lower proportion of Th17 cells in mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. More importantly, induction of HO-1 down-regulated Th17-related transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) expression and decreased IL-17A levels, all of which correlated with a decrease in phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) level and inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation. Consistently, the above events could be reversed by tin protoporphyrin IX. Also, HO-1 siRNA transfection abolished the effect of hemin induced HO-1 in vivo. Meanwhile, the hemin treatment promoted the level of Foxp3 expression and enhanced the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Collectively, our findings indicate that HO-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse model of NEA via inhibition of the p-STAT3-RORγt pathway, regulating kinetics of RORγt and Foxp3 expression, thus providing a possible novel therapeutic target in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Wu SY, Li MH, Ko FC, Wu GC, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Protective effect of hypercapnic acidosis in ischemia-reperfusion lung injury is attributable to upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74742. [PMID: 24040332 PMCID: PMC3769390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnic acidosis (HCA) has protective effects in animal models of acute lung injury, but the mechanism underlying the effect of HCA is unclear. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects tissue from inflammation injury. We investigated whether HO-1 contributes to the protective effects of HCA in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury. Typical acute lung injury in rats was successfully induced by 40 min of ischemia and 90 min of reperfusion in an isolated perfused lung model. The rat lungs were randomly assigned to the control group, IR group or IR + HCA group with or without zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), an HO-1 activity inhibitor. At the end of the experiment, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to evaluate the degree of lung injury. In in vitro experiments, HO-1 siRNA transfected A549 cells were exposed to a normoxic or hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) environment in the presence or absence of HCA. IR caused significant increases in the pulmonary arterial pressure, lung weight to body weight and wet/dry ratios, lung weight gain, capillary filtration coefficient, lung injury scores, neutrophil infiltration, and concentrations of protein and TNF-α in the BALF. IR also induced degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-α, increased IκB kinase (IKK)-β phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and up-regulated HO-1 expression and activity. Furthermore, IR decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased the number of active caspase-3 stained cells. HCA treatment enhanced HO-1 expression and activity, and accordingly reduced IKK-NF-κB signaling, inhibited apoptosis, and significantly attenuated IR-induced changes. Treatment with ZnPP partially blocked the protective effect of HCA. In addition, HO-1 siRNA significantly reversed HCA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling in A549 cells subjected to H/R. In conclusion, the protective effect of HCA in IR lung injury in rats was mediated in part by the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic action of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chang Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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38
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McCarty MF, Al-Harbi SA. Vaccination with heat-shocked mononuclear cells as a strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders driven by microglial inflammation. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:773-6. [PMID: 23968572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring T regulatory cells targeting epitopes derived from various heat shock proteins escape thymic negative selection and can be activated by vaccination with heat shock proteins; hence, vaccination with such proteins has exerted favorable effects on rodent models of autoimmune disorders. A more elegant way to achieve such vaccination, first evaluated clinically by Al-Harbi in the early 1990s, is to subject mononuclear cells to survivable heat shock ex vivo, incubate them at physiological temperature for a further 24-48 h, and then inject them subcutaneously; anecdotally, beneficial effects were observed with this strategy in a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. There is growing evidence that M1-activated microglia play a primary or secondary role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in major depression. T regulatory cells, by polarizing microglial toward a reparative M2 phenotype, have the potential to aid control of such disorders. It would be appropriate to test the heat-shocked mononuclear cell vaccination strategy in animal models of neurodegeneration and major depression, and to evaluate this approach clinically if such studies yield encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Drive, Apt. 316, Carlsbad, California 92009, United States.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhong W, Xia Z. All-trans retinoic acid attenuates airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 response in experimental allergic asthma. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:28. [PMID: 23800145 PMCID: PMC3695807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is mainly mediated by T helper 2 cells (Th2) that characteristically produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between the dietary intake of vitamin A and the occurrence of asthma. Serum vitamin A concentrations are significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than in healthy control subjects. It has been reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, regulates immune responses. However, its role in Th2-mediated airway inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ATRA in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Results We found that ATRA treatment attenuated airway inflammation and decreased mRNA levels of Th2- and Th17-related transcription factors. The data showed that airway inflammation coincided with levels of Th2- and Th17-related cytokines. We also showed that ATRA inhibited Th17 and promoted inducible regulatory T-cell differentiation, whereas it did not induce an obvious effect on Th2 differentiation in vitro. Our data suggest that ATRA may interfere with the in vivo Th2 responses via T-cell extrinsic mechanisms. Conclusions Administration of ATRA dramatically attenuated airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 differentiation and/or functions. ATRA may have potential therapeutic effects for airway inflammation in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
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Yang D, Zhang W, Song L, Guo F. Andrographolide protects against cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation through activation of heme oxygenase-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:259-65. [PMID: 23629921 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to check whether andrographolide, a bioactive molecule isolated from Andrographis paniculata, could protect against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung injury through activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Pretreatment with andrographolide (1 mg/kg body weight) markedly attenuated lung inflammation in CS-exposed mice, coupled with reduced numbers of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased production of cytokine/chemokine into BALF. Furthermore, andrographolide pretreatment increased the expression and activation of HO-1 in the lung of CS-exposed animals. Notably, these histological and biochemical changes induced by andrographolide were blocked by prior administration of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 20 mg/kg body weight), a potent heme oxygenase inhibitor. Moreover, andrographolide-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was attenuated by ZnPP treatment in CS-exposed animals. Our data collectively demonstrate that andrographolide confers protection against CS-induced lung inflammation, partially through activation of HO-1 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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41
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Burr SP, Dazzi F, Garden OA. Mesenchymal stromal cells and regulatory T cells: the Yin and Yang of peripheral tolerance? Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:12-8. [PMID: 23146942 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have both garnered significant interest from immunologists worldwide, not least because of the potential application of both cell types in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although both MSCs and Tregs can be considered immunosuppressive in their own right, the induction of Tregs by activated MSCs is now a well-publicised phenomenon; however, only recently have the mechanisms involved in this induction started to become clear. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent that there exists a complex interplay between the two lineages leading to this potent inhibition of the host immune response. Cell contact, soluble mediators-including prostaglandin E(2) and transforming growth factor β-and indirect induction via manipulation of other antigen-presenting cells all appear to have vital roles in the interactions between MSCs and Tregs. Much still remains to be discovered before we have a full understanding of this important aspect of the immune response, but there have already been a multitude of clinical trials suggesting that MSC/Treg therapies could offer significant benefits in the treatment of both autoimmune disease and graft versus host disease. Although these therapies are still in their infancy, the synergy between MSCs and Tregs will undoubtedly yield future breakthroughs in the treatment of many debilitating conditions and usher in a new wave of targeted, cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Burr
- Regulatory T Cell Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Käser T, Müllebner A, Hartl RT, Essler SE, Saalmüller A, Catharina Duvigneau J. Porcine T-helper and regulatory T cells exhibit versatile mRNA expression capabilities for cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules. Cytokine 2012; 60:400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Karimi K, Kandiah N, Chau J, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P. A Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain induces a heme oxygenase dependent increase in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47556. [PMID: 23077634 PMCID: PMC3471882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the consequences of feeding with a Lactobacillus species on the immune environment in GALT, and the role of dendritic cells and heme oxygenase-1 in mediating these responses. Feeding with a specific strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced a significant increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ functional regulatory T cells in GALT. This increase was greatest in the mesenteric lymph nodes and associated with a marked decrease in TNF and IFNγ production. Dendritic cell regulatory function and HO-1 expression was also increased. The increase in Foxp3+ T cells could be prevented by treatment with a heme oxygenase inhibitor. However, neither inhibition of heme oxygenase nor blockade of IL-10 and TGFβ prevented the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion Lactobacillus feeding induced a tolerogenic environment in GALT. HO-1 was critical to the enhancement of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells while additional, as yet unknown, pathways were involved in the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Karimi
- The Brain Body institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (PF); (KK)
| | - Nalaayini Kandiah
- The Brain Body institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Chau
- The Brain Body institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- The Brain Body institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- The Brain Body institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (PF); (KK)
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44
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Su W, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Synthesized OVA323-339MAP octamers mitigate OVA-induced airway inflammation by regulating Foxp3 T regulatory cells. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:34. [PMID: 22769043 PMCID: PMC3472185 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been widely practiced in treating allergic diseases such as asthma. However, this therapy may induce a series of allergic adverse events during treatment. Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) was explored to overcome these disadvantages. We confirmed that multiple antigen peptides (MAPs) do not cause autoimmune responses, which led to the presumption that MAPs intervention could alleviate allergic airway inflammation without inducing adverse effects. Results In this study, synthesized OVA323-339MAP octamers were subcutaneously injected into ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged Balb/c mice to observe its effect on allergic airway inflammation, Th2 immune response, and immune regulating function. It was confirmed that OVA sensitization and challenge led to significant peritracheal inflammatory, cell infiltration, and intensive Th2 response. Treatment of OVA323-339MAP octomers in the airway inflammation mice model increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and their regulatory function in peripheral blood, mediastinal draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. Furthermore, OVA323-339MAP increased IL-10 levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); up-regulated the expression of IL-10, membrane-bound TGF-β1, as well as Foxp3 in lung tissues; and up-regulated programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of Treg cells. These results were further correlated with the decreased OVA specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level and the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF. However, OVA323-339 peptide monomers did not show any of the mentioned effects in the same animal model. Conclusions Our study indicates that OVA323-339MAP had significant therapeutic effects on mice allergic airway inflammation by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 response through Treg cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Gao X, Bai H, Cheng J, Fan Y, Wang S, Jiao L, Xiu N, Yang X. CD8α+and CD8α−DC subsets from BCG-infected mice inhibit allergic Th2-cell responses by enhancing Th1-cell and Treg-cell activity respectively. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:165-75. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lakkisto P, Siren JM, Kytö V, Forsten H, Laine M, Pulkki K, Tikkanen I. Heme oxygenase-1 induction protects the heart and modulates cellular and extracellular remodelling after myocardial infarction in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1437-48. [PMID: 22087023 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme, which regulates cell proliferation and has potential antifibrogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pre-emptive HO-1 induction by cobalt protoporphyrin IX on the healing of myocardial infarction in rats. The proliferation and repair of cardiac cells was assessed by immunostaining of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling. Compared with control hearts, HO-1 induction reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation and repair of cardiomyocytes in the infarct border area during the first few days after infarction. Concomitantly, HO-1 decreased accumulation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and down-regulated procollagen type I expression in the infarct area. Furthermore, HO-1 increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect of HO-1 in the early phase of infarct healing may result partly from the suppression of the inflammatory response. In the remote myocardium, HO-1 inhibited both proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, attenuated heart failure-induced increase in the repair of cardiomyocytes and decreased perivascular fibrosis, thereby potentially alleviating adverse ventricular remodelling. The cardioprotective effects of HO-1 in the late phase of infarct healing may be mediated partly by down-regulation of the profibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as HO-1 decreased CTGF expression at week 4. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role for HO-1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the postinfarction heart. Modulation of the HO-1 pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach to enhance the recovery of myocardial infarction and protect against pathological myocardial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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48
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Kawano K, Kusunoki T, Ono N, Yao T, Saito T, Yokoi H, Ikeda K. Heme oxygenase-1 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with eosinophilic infiltration. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011; 39:387-92. [PMID: 22078849 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with eosinophilic infiltration is a type of intractable rhinosinusitis often associated with asthma. The oxidants are well known to induce aggravate asthma. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme against oxidant, has been extensively studied in airway diseases. However, no study that observed HO-1 in both epithelial and subepithelial tissues of CRS has been reported. METHODS Part of each specimen derived from the nasal polyps of CRS with and without eosinophilic infiltration was promptly fixed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis for HO-1 and macrophages. RESULTS We found that the expression of HO-1 in the epithelial layers of CRS without eosinophilic infiltration was significantly enhanced as compared with that of CRS with eosinophilic infiltration. On the other hand, the number of macrophages with HO-1 positive reactions was significantly greater in CRS with eosinophilic infiltration compared with CRS without eosinophilic infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that both a reduction of HO-1 expression in epithelial cells and an increase of infiltration of macrophages positive for HO-1 are related to the epithelial damage of CRS with eosinophilic infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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McCarty MF. Clinical potential of phycocyanobilin for induction of T regulatory cells in the management of inflammatory disorders. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:1031-3. [PMID: 21917385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of human mononuclear cells to phycocyanin in vitro is reported to promote generation of Treg cells. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lymphocytes has a similar effect, and it is not likely to be accidental that a key product of HO-1 activity, biliverdin, is homologous to the structure of phycocyanin's chromophore phycocyanobilin (PhyCB). Moreover, Treg induction is observed in mice injected with bilirubin, biliverdin's chief metabolite. These considerations suggest that bilirubin, generated within lymphocytes by HO-1 activation, may play a physiological role in the promotion of Treg immunomodulation. This effect of bilirubin is likely to be independent of NADPH oxidase inhibition, since the NAPDH oxidase activity of macrophages is necessary for Treg induction, possibly because it contributes to HO-1 induction in lymphocytes. In light of numerous reports that oral phycocyanin is beneficial in various rodent models of autoimmune disorders, it is reasonable to suspect that PhyCB-enriched spirulina extracts may have clinical potential for boosting Treg activity in human autoimmune or allergic syndromes, mimicking the physiological role of HO-1 induction in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- NutriGuard Research, 1051 Hermes Ave., Encinitas, CA 92024, United States.
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50
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Wang CF, Wang ZY, Li JY. Dual protective role of HO-1 in transplanted liver grafts: A review of experimental and clinical studies. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3101-8. [PMID: 21912452 PMCID: PMC3158409 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i26.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is considered as the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, serious complications still exist, particularly in two aspects: ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the liver, causing postoperative hepatic dysfunction and even failure; and acute and chronic graft rejections, affecting the allograft survival. Heme oxygenase (HO), a stress-response protein, is believed to exert a protective function on both the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and graft rejection. In this review of current researches on allograft protection, we focused on the HO-1. We conjecture that HO-1 may link these two main factors affecting the prognosis of liver transplantations. In this review, the following aspects were emphasized: the basic biological functions of HO-1, its roles in IRI and allograft rejection, as well as methods to induce HO-1 and the prospects of a therapeutic application of HO-1 in liver transplantation.
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