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Huang Y, Ge MX, Li YH, Li JL, Yu Q, Xiao FH, Ao HS, Yang LQ, Li J, He Y, Kong QP. Longevity-Associated Transcription Factor ATF7 Promotes Healthspan by Suppressing Cellular Senescence and Systematic Inflammation. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1217. [PMID: 37163432 PMCID: PMC10389835 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by persistent low-grade systematic inflammation, which is largely responsible for the occurrence of various age-associated diseases. We and others have previously reported that long-lived people (such as centenarians) can delay the onset of or even escape certain major age-related diseases. Here, by screening blood transcriptome and inflammatory profiles, we found that long-lived individuals had a relatively lower inflammation level (IL6, TNFα), accompanied by up-regulation of activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7). Interestingly, ATF7 expression was gradually reduced during cellular senescence. Loss of ATF7 induced cellular senescence, while overexpression delayed senescence progress and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion. We showed that the anti-senescence effects of ATF7 were achieved by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and increasing histone H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). In Caenorhabditis elegans, ATF7 overexpression significantly suppressed aging biomarkers and extended lifespan. Our findings suggest that ATF7 is a longevity-promoting factor that lowers cellular senescence and inflammation in long-lived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Shun Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Guo CC, Xu HE, Ma X. ARID3a from the ARID family: structure, role in autoimmune diseases and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2139-2150. [PMID: 37488425 PMCID: PMC10618457 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of DNA-binding proteins is a group of transcription factors and chromatin regulators with a highly conserved ARID domain that recognizes specific AT-rich DNA sequences. Dysfunction of ARID family members has been implicated in various human diseases including cancers and intellectual disability. Among them, ARID3a has gained increasing attention due to its potential involvement in autoimmunity. In this article we provide an overview of the ARID family, focusing on the structure and biological functions of ARID3a. It explores the role of ARID3a in autoreactive B cells and its contribution to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary biliary cholangitis. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential for drug discovery targeting ARID3a and present a plan for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Pan D, Zhou Y, Xiao S, Hu Y, Huan C, Wu Q, Wang X, Pan Q, Liu J, Zhu H. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways in Human Atrial Fibrillation by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:103-114. [PMID: 35023949 PMCID: PMC8743500 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s334122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying AF are not known. We aimed to identify the pivotal genes and pathways involved in AF pathogenesis because they could become potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of AF. Methods The microarray datasets of GSE31821 and GSE41177 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After combining the two datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the Limma package. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) confirmed experimentally to have an interaction with AF were screened through the miRTarBase database. Target genes of miRNAs were predicted using the miRNet database, and the intersection between DEGs and target genes of miRNAs, which were defined as common genes (CGs), were analyzed. Functional and pathway-enrichment analyses of DEGs and CGs were performed using the databases DAVID and KOBAS. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, miRNA- messenger(m) RNA network, and drug-gene network was visualized. Finally, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the expression of hub genes in the miRNA-mRNA network. Results Thirty-three CGs were acquired from the intersection of 65 DEGs from the integrated dataset and 9777 target genes of miRNAs. Fifteen "hub" genes were selected from the PPI network, and the miRNA-mRNA network, including 82 miRNAs and 9 target mRNAs, was constructed. Furthermore, with the validation by RT-qPCR, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) were upregulated and superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) was downregulated in patients with AF compared with healthy controls. We also found MIF, MYC, and ID1 were enriched in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Hippo signaling pathway. Conclusion We identified several pivotal genes and pathways involved in AF pathogenesis. MIF, MYC, and ID1 might participate in AF progression through the TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathways. Our study provided new insights into the mechanisms of action of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjue Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Huan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyuan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Mody AA, Millar JC, Clark AF. ID1 and ID3 are Negative Regulators of TGFβ2-Induced Ocular Hypertension and Compromised Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 33938911 PMCID: PMC8107646 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In POAG, elevated IOP remains the major risk factor in irreversible vision loss. Increased TGFβ2 expression in POAG aqueous humor and in the trabecular meshwork (TM) amplifies extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduces ECM turnover in the TM, leading to a decreased aqueous humor (AH) outflow facility and increased IOP. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1 and ID3) inhibit TGFβ2-induced fibronectin and PAI-1 production in TM cells. We examined the effects of ID1 and ID3 gene expression on TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension and decreased AH outflow facility in living mouse eyes. Methods IOP and AH outflow facility changes were determined using a mouse model of Ad5-hTGFβ2C226S/C288S-induced ocular hypertension. The physiological function of ID1 and ID3 genes were evaluated using Ad5 viral vectors to enhance or knockdown ID1/ID3 gene expression in the TM of BALB/cJ mice. IOP was measured in conscious mice using a Tonolab impact tonometer. AH outflow facilities were determined by constant flow infusion in live mice. Results Over-expressing ID1 and ID3 significantly blocked TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension (P < 0.0001). Although AH outflow facility was significantly decreased in TGFβ2-transduced eyes (P < 0.04), normal outflow facility was preserved in eyes injected concurrently with ID1 or ID3 along with TGFβ2. Knockdown of ID1 or ID3 expression exacerbated TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension. Conclusions Increased expression of ID1 and ID3 suppressed both TGFβ2-elevated IOP and decreased AH outflow facility. ID1 and/or ID3 proteins thus may show promise as future candidates as IOP-lowering targets in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Drug efficacy and toxicity prediction: an innovative application of transcriptomic data. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:591-602. [PMID: 32780246 PMCID: PMC7661398 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug toxicity and efficacy are difficult to predict partly because they are both poorly defined, which I aim to remedy here from a transcriptomic perspective. There are two major categories of drugs: (1) restorative drugs aiming to restore an abnormal cell, tissue, or organ to normal function (e.g., restoring normal membrane function of epithelial cells in cystic fibrosis), and (2) disruptive drugs aiming to kill pathogens or malignant cells. These two types of drugs require different definition of efficacy and toxicity. I outlined rationales for defining transcriptomic efficacy and toxicity and illustrated numerically their application with two sets of transcriptomic data, one for restorative drugs (treating cystic fibrosis with lumacaftor/ivacaftor aiming to restore the cellular function of epithelial cells) and the other for disruptive drugs (treating acute myeloid leukemia with prexasertib). The conceptual framework presented will help and sensitize researchers to collect data required for determining drug toxicity.
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Tan Q, Ma XY, Liu W, Meridew JA, Jones DL, Haak AJ, Sicard D, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ. Nascent Lung Organoids Reveal Epithelium- and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-mediated Suppression of Fibroblast Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:607-619. [PMID: 31050552 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are pivotal in lung development, homeostasis, injury, and repair. Organoids have been used to investigate such interactions, but with a major focus on epithelial responses to mesenchyme and less attention to epithelial effects on mesenchyme. In the present study, we used nascent organoids composed of human and mouse lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells to demonstrate that healthy lung epithelium dramatically represses transcriptional, contractile, and matrix synthetic functions of lung fibroblasts. Repression of fibroblast activation requires signaling via the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. BMP signaling is diminished after epithelial injury in vitro and in vivo, and exogenous BMP4 restores fibroblast repression in injured organoids. In contrast, inhibition of BMP signaling in healthy organoids is sufficient to derepress fibroblast matrix synthetic function. Our results reveal potent repression of fibroblast activation by healthy lung epithelium and a novel mechanism by which epithelial loss or injury is intrinsically coupled to mesenchymal activation via loss of repressive BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey A Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Vigolo E, Markó L, Hinze C, Müller DN, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Schmidt-Ott KM. Canonical BMP signaling in tubular cells mediates recovery after acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2018; 95:108-122. [PMID: 30447934 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to modulate the development of renal fibrosis in animal models of kidney injury, but the downstream mediators are incompletely understood. In wild-type mice, canonical BMP signaling mediated by SMAD1/5/8 transcription factors was constitutively active in healthy renal tubules, transiently down-regulated after ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and reactivated during successful tubular regeneration. We then induced IRI in mice with a tubular-specific BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) deletion. These mice failed to reactivate SMAD1/5/8 signaling in the post-ischemic phase and developed renal fibrosis after injury. Using unbiased genomic analyses, we identified three genes encoding inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins (Id1, Id2, and Id4) as key targets of BMPR1A-SMAD1/5/8 signaling. BMPR1A-deficient mice failed to re-induce these targets following IRI. Instead, BMPR1A-deficiency resulted in activation of pro-fibrotic signaling proteins that are normally repressed by ID proteins, namely, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle inhibitor p27. These data indicate that the post-ischemic activation of canonical BMP signaling acts endogenously to repress pro-fibrotic signaling in tubular cells and may help to prevent the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vigolo
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Honda H, Fujimoto M, Serada S, Urushima H, Mishima T, Lee H, Ohkawara T, Kohno N, Hattori N, Yokoyama A, Naka T. Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein promotes lung fibrosis by modulating TGF- β signaling in fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/24/e13556. [PMID: 29279415 PMCID: PMC5742708 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF‐β has an important role in fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Detailed analysis of TGF‐β signaling in pulmonary fibrosis at the molecular level is needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, leucine‐rich alpha‐2 glycoprotein (LRG) was reported to function as a modulator of TGF‐β signaling in angiogenesis and tumor progression. However, the involvement of LRG in fibrotic disorders, including IPF, has not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of LRG in fibrosis by analyzing LRG knockout (KO) mice with bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis, an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. The amount of LRG in the lungs of wild‐type (WT) mice was increased by bleomycin administration prior to fibrosis development. In LRG KO mice, lung fibrosis was significantly suppressed, as indicated by attenuated Masson's trichrome staining and lower collagen content than those in WT mice. Moreover, in the lungs of LRG KO mice, phosphorylation of Smad2 was reduced and expression of α‐SMA was decreased relative to those in WT mice. In vitro experiments indicated that LRG enhanced the TGF‐β‐induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and the expression of Serpine1 and Acta2, the downstream of Smad2, in fibroblasts. Although endoglin, an accessory TGF‐β receptor, is essential for LRG to promote TGF‐β signaling in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, we found that endoglin did not contribute to the ability of LRG to enhance Smad2 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. Taken together, our data suggest that LRG promotes lung fibrosis by modulating TGF‐β‐induced Smad2 phosphorylation and activating profibrotic responses in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Honda
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hayato Urushima
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hyun Lee
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Ohkawara
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihito Yokoyama
- Department of Haematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Center for Intractable Immune Disease, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mody AA, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF. Role of ID Proteins in BMP4 Inhibition of Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β2 in Human TM Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:849-859. [PMID: 28159972 PMCID: PMC5295782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased expression of TGF-β2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aqueous humor (AH) and trabecular meshwork (TM) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM and elevated IOP. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate TGF-β2–induced ECM production. The underlying mechanism for BMP4 inhibition of TGF-β2–induced fibrosis remains undetermined. Bone morphogenic protein 4 induces inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1, ID3), which suppress transcription factor activities to regulate gene expression. Our study will determine whether ID1and ID3 proteins are downstream targets of BMP4, which attenuates TGF-β2 induction of ECM proteins in TM cells. Methods Primary human TM cells were treated with BMP4, and ID1 and ID3 mRNA, and protein expression was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. Intracellular ID1 and ID3 protein localization was studied by immunocytochemistry. Transformed human TM cells (GTM3 cells) were transfected with ID1 or ID3 expression vectors to determine their potential inhibitory effects on TGF-β2–induced fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-1) protein expression. Results Basal expression of ID1-3 was detected in primary human TM cells. Bone morphogenic protein 4 significantly induced early expression of ID1 and ID3 mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein in primary TM cells, and a BMP receptor inhibitor blocked this induction. Overexpression of ID1 and ID3 significantly inhibited TGF-β2–induced expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in TM cells (P < 0.01). Conclusions Bone morphogenic protein 4 induced ID1 and ID3 expression suppresses TGF-β2 profibrotic activity in human TM cells. In the future, targeting specific regulators may control the TGF-β2 profibrotic effects on the TM, leading to disease modifying IOP lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Wordinger
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Fukushima T, Yamasaki A, Harada T, Chikumi H, Watanabe M, Okazaki R, Takata M, Hasegawa Y, Kurai J, Yanai M, Yamamoto A, Sueda Y, Halayko AJ, Shimizu E. γ-Tocotrienol Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Contractile Phenotype Expression of Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Yonago Acta Med 2017; 60:16-23. [PMID: 28331417 PMCID: PMC5355840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, exist in four different isoforms (α, β, γ and δ tocotrienol) that have can be protective against brain damage, as well as having anticancer effects in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that γ-tocotrienol inhibits human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB by suppressing RhoA activation. In this study, we tested whether γ-tocotrienol modulates transforming growth factor (TGF) -β-induced induction of human airway smooth muscle (ASM) into a contractile phenotype and concomitant synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. METHODS ASM cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 48 hours and the effect of γ-tocotrienol (50 μM) on α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and collagen I expression was assessed using Western blotting. The signaling pathways involved in TGF-β1 stimulation were also investigated. RESULTS TGF-β1 increased α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ abundance by 3- to 5-fold. This response was inhibited significantly by γ-tocotrienol. Furthermore, γ-tocotrienol suppressed RhoA activation, but did not affect Smad2 or Smad3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that γ-tocotrienol has potential for benefit in modulating on airway remodeling in asthma, likely via a mechanism involving the suppression of TGF-β activation of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Fukushima
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoya Harada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chikumi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Miki Takata
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hasegawa
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Jun Kurai
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yanai
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sueda
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- †Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Popowski M, Lee BK, Rhee C, Iyer VR, Tucker HO. Arid3a regulates mesoderm differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL THERAPY AND TRANSPLANTATION 2017; 1:52-62. [PMID: 31080945 PMCID: PMC6510499 DOI: 10.29328/journal.jsctt.1001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Research into regulation of the differentiation of stem cells is critical to understanding early developmental decisions and later development growth. The transcription factor ARID3A previously was shown to be critical for trophectoderm and hematopoetic development. Expression of ARID3A increases during embryonic differentiation, but the underlying reason remained unclear. Here we show that Arid3a null embryonic stem (ES) cells maintain an undifferentiated gene expression pattern and form teratomas in immune-compromised mice. However, Arid3a null ES cells differentiated in vitro into embryoid bodies (EBs) significantly faster than control ES cells, and the majority forming large cystic embryoid EBs. Analysis of gene expression during this transition indicated that Arid3a nulls differentiated spontaneously into mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. While young ARID3A-deficient mice showed no gross tissue morphology, proliferative and structural abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of older null mice. Together these data suggest that ARID3A is not only required hematopoiesis, but is critical for early mesoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Popowski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Bum-kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Cathy Rhee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vishwanath R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Address for Correspondence: Haley O Tucker, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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12
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Yang J, Li X, Morrell NW. Id proteins in the vasculature: from molecular biology to cardiopulmonary medicine. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:388-98. [PMID: 25274246 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors of differentiation (Id) proteins belong to the helix-loop-helix group of transcription factors and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. Recent studies have reported that Id proteins play important roles in cardiogenesis and formation of the vasculature. We have also demonstrated that heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) patients have dysregulated Id gene expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The interaction between bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors or cytokines regulates Id gene expression, which impacts on pulmonary vascular cell differentiation and proliferation. Exploration of the roles of Id proteins in vascular remodelling that occurs in PAH and atherosclerosis might provide new insights into the molecular basis of these diseases. In addition, current progress in identification of the interactors of Id proteins will further the understanding of the function of Ids in vascular cells and enable the identification of novel targets for therapy in PAH and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 DongdanSantiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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13
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Ratliff ML, Templeton TD, Ward JM, Webb CF. The Bright Side of Hematopoiesis: Regulatory Roles of ARID3a/Bright in Human and Mouse Hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:113. [PMID: 24678314 PMCID: PMC3958700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID3a/Bright is a DNA-binding protein that was originally discovered for its ability to increase immunoglobulin transcription in antigen-activated B cells. It interacts with DNA as a dimer through its ARID, or A/T-rich interacting domain. In association with other proteins, ARID3a increased transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and led to improved chromatin accessibility of the heavy chain enhancer. Constitutive expression of ARID3a in B lineage cells resulted in autoantibody production, suggesting its regulation is important. Abnormal ARID3a expression has also been associated with increased proliferative capacity and malignancy. Roles for ARID3a in addition to interactions with the immunoglobulin locus were suggested by transgenic and knockout mouse models. Over-expression of ARID3a resulted in skewing of mature B cell subsets and altered gene expression patterns of follicular B cells, whereas loss of function resulted in loss of B1 lineage B cells and defects in hematopoiesis. More recent studies showed that loss of ARID3a in adult somatic cells promoted developmental plasticity, alterations in gene expression patterns, and lineage fate decisions. Together, these data suggest new regulatory roles for ARID3a. The genes influenced by ARID3a are likely to play pivotal roles in lineage decisions, highlighting the importance of this understudied transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratliff
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Troy D Templeton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Julie M Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
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14
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Popowski M, Templeton TD, Lee BK, Rhee C, Li H, Miner C, Dekker JD, Orlanski S, Bergman Y, Iyer VR, Webb CF, Tucker H. Bright/Arid3A acts as a barrier to somatic cell reprogramming through direct regulation of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:26-35. [PMID: 24511468 PMCID: PMC3916758 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We show here that singular loss of the Bright/Arid3A transcription factor leads to reprograming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and enhancement of standard four-factor (4F) reprogramming. Bright-deficient MEFs bypass senescence and, under standard embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture conditions, spontaneously form clones that in vitro express pluripotency markers, differentiate to all germ lineages, and in vivo form teratomas and chimeric mice. We demonstrate that BRIGHT binds directly to the promoter/enhancer regions of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog to contribute to their repression in both MEFs and ESCs. Thus, elimination of the BRIGHT barrier may provide an approach for somatic cell reprogramming. Loss of Bright can alone reprogram or enhance conventional four-factor reprogramming Bright directly represses Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog Bright may function in somatic and embryonic stem cells to enforce differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Popowski
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Troy D Templeton
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Departments of Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Catherine Rhee
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - He Li
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Departments of Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cathrine Miner
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Departments of Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Joseph D Dekker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shari Orlanski
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Vishwanath R Iyer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Departments of Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Haley Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Patel AS, Lin L, Geyer A, Haspel JA, An CH, Cao J, Rosas IO, Morse D. Autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41394. [PMID: 22815997 PMCID: PMC3399849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a basic cellular homeostatic process important to cell fate decisions under conditions of stress. Dysregulation of autophagy impacts numerous human diseases including cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease. This study investigates the role of autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Human lung tissues from patients with IPF were analyzed for autophagy markers and modulating proteins using western blotting, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. To study the effects of TGF-β(1) on autophagy, human lung fibroblasts were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. In vivo experiments were done using the bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model. RESULTS Lung tissues from IPF patients demonstrate evidence of decreased autophagic activity as assessed by LC3, p62 protein expression and immunofluorescence, and numbers of autophagosomes. TGF-β(1) inhibits autophagy in fibroblasts in vitro at least in part via activation of mTORC1; expression of TIGAR is also increased in response to TGF-β(1). In the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, rapamycin treatment is antifibrotic, and rapamycin also decreases expression of á-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin by fibroblasts in vitro. Inhibition of key regulators of autophagy, LC3 and beclin-1, leads to the opposite effect on fibroblast expression of á-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. CONCLUSION Autophagy is not induced in pulmonary fibrosis despite activation of pathways known to promote autophagy. Impairment of autophagy by TGF-β(1) may represent a mechanism for the promotion of fibrogenesis in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avignat S. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvainia, United States of America
| | - Alexander Geyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chang Hyeok An
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiaofei Cao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Danielle Morse
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DM)
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16
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The herpes simplex virus immediate-early ubiquitin ligase ICP0 induces degradation of the ICP0 repressor protein E2FBP1. J Virol 2011; 85:3356-66. [PMID: 21248039 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02105-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
E2FBP1/hDRIL1, a DNA-binding A/T-rich interaction domain (ARID) family transcription factor, is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues and plays an essential role in maintaining the proliferation potential of passage-limited human fibroblasts by dissociating promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). This effect on PML-NBs is similar to that of viral immediate-early gene products, such as infected cellular protein 0 (ICP0) from human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which also disrupts PML-NBs to override the intrinsic cellular defense. Here we report that E2FBP1 inhibits accumulation of ICP0 RNA and, at the same time, is degraded via ICP0's herpes ubiquitin ligase 2 (HUL-2) activity upon HSV-1 infection. These reciprocal regulatory roles of ICP0 and E2FBP1 are linked in an ARID-dependent fashion. Our results suggest that E2FBP1 functions as an intrinsic cellular defense factor in spite of its PML-NB dissociation function.
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17
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An G, Miner CA, Nixon JC, Kincade PW, Bryant J, Tucker PW, Webb CF. Loss of Bright/ARID3a function promotes developmental plasticity. Stem Cells 2010; 28:1560-7. [PMID: 20680960 DOI: 10.1002/stem.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
B-cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcription (Bright)/ARID3a, an A+T-rich interaction domain protein, was originally discovered in B lymphocyte lineage cells. However, expression patterns and high lethality levels in knockout mice suggested that it had additional functions. Three independent lines of evidence show that functional inhibition of Bright results in increased developmental plasticity. Bright-deficient cells from two mouse models expressed a number of pluripotency-associated gene products, expanded indefinitely, and spontaneously differentiated into cells of multiple lineages. Furthermore, direct knockdown of human Bright resulted in colonies capable of expressing multiple lineage markers. These data suggest that repression of this single molecule confers adult somatic cells with new developmental options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu An
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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18
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Cao Y, Szabolcs A, Dutta SK, Yaqoob U, Jagavelu K, Wang L, Leof EB, Urrutia RA, Shah VH, Mukhopadhyay D. Neuropilin-1 mediates divergent R-Smad signaling and the myofibroblast phenotype. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31840-8. [PMID: 20675371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.151696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily is one of the most diversified cell signaling pathways and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was reported to bind and activate the latent form of TGF-β1 (LAP-TGF-β1). We investigated the role of NRP-1 on Smad signaling in stromal fibroblasts upon TGF-β stimulation. Elimination of NRP-1 in stromal fibroblast cell lines increases Smad1/5 phosphorylation and downstream responses as evidenced by up-regulation of inhibitor of differentiation (Id-1). Conversely, NRP-1 loss decreases Smad2/3 phosphorylation and its responses as shown by down-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and also cells exhibit more quiescent phenotypes and growth arrest. Moreover, we also observed that NRP-1 expression is increased during the culture activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a liver resident fibroblast. Taken together, our data suggest that NRP-1 functions as a key determinant of the diverse responses downstream of TGF-β1 that are mediated by distinct Smad proteins and promotes myofibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Yang J, Li X, Al-Lamki RS, Southwood M, Zhao J, Lever AM, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT, Morrell NW. Smad-dependent and smad-independent induction of id1 by prostacyclin analogues inhibits proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Circ Res 2010; 107:252-62. [PMID: 20522807 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.209940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) are responsible for the majority of cases of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations lead to reduced Smad1/5-driven expression of inhibitor of DNA binding protein 1 (Id1) and loss of the growth suppressive effects of BMPs. The impact of existing PAH therapies on BMP signaling is lacking. OBJECTIVE Because prostacyclin analogues are effective treatments for clinical PAH, we hypothesized that these agents enhance Smad1/Id1 signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Iloprost alone induced Id1 expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), an effect that was independent of Smad1/5 activation but dependent on a cAMP-responsive element in the Id1 promoter. In addition, iloprost and treprostinil enhanced BMP-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and Id1 expression in a cAMP-dependent manner. The mechanism involved suppression of inhibitory Smad, Smad6. Furthermore, iloprost rescued the deficit in Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id gene expression in PASMCs harboring mutations in BMPR-II and restored growth suppression to BMP4 in mutant PASMCs. We confirmed a critical role for Id1 in PASMC proliferation. Reduced expression of Id1 was observed in concentric intimal lesions of heritable PAH cases. In the monocrotaline rat model of PAH, associated with reduced BMPR-II expression, we confirmed that treprostinil inhibited smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevented progression of PAH while enhancing Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id1 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Prostacyclin analogues enhance Id1 expression in vitro and in vivo and restore deficient BMP signaling in BMPR-II mutant PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
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Gellings Lowe N, Swaney JS, Moreno KM, Sabbadini RA. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine kinase are critical for transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:303-12. [PMID: 19228708 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Following injury, fibroblasts transform into myofibroblasts and produce extracellular matrix (ECM). Excess production of ECM associated with cardiac fibrosis severely inhibits cardiac function. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysophospholipid, regulates the function of numerous cell types. In this study, we determined the role of S1P in promoting pro-fibrotic actions of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). METHODS AND RESULTS S1P-mediated effects on myofibroblast transformation, collagen production, and cross-talk with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) using mouse CF were examined. S1P increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (a myofibroblast marker) and collagen expression in a S1P2 receptor- and Rho kinase-dependent manner. TGF-beta increased sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1; the enzyme responsible for S1P production) expression and activity. TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production was inhibited by SphK1 or S1P2 siRNA, a SphK inhibitor, and an anti-S1P monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production in CF involves 'inside-out' S1P signalling whereby S1P produced intracellularly by SphK1 can be released and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to activate S1P2 and increase collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gellings Lowe
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
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Scriabine A, Rabin DU. New Developments in the Therapy of Pulmonary Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 57:419-64. [DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)57011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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