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Hasan ML, Lee JR, Rahaman KA, Yang DH, Joung YK. Versatile effects of galectin-1 protein-containing lipid bilayer coating for cardiovascular applications. Bioact Mater 2024; 42:207-225. [PMID: 39285911 PMCID: PMC11403261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating inflammatory cells in an implantation site leads to severe complications and still unsolved challenges for blood-contacting medical devices. Inspired by the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1) in selective functions on multiple cells and immunomodulatory processes, we prepared a biologically target-specific surface coated with the lipid bilayer containing Gal-1 (Gal-1-SLB) and investigate the proof of the biological effects. First, lipoamido-dPEG-acid was deposited on a gold-coated substrate to form a self-assembled monolayer and then conjugated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) onto that to produce a lower leaflet of the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) before fusing membrane-derived vesicles extracted from B16-F10 cells. The Gal-1-SLB showed the expected anti-fouling activity by revealing the resistance to protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. In vitro studies showed that the Gal-1-SLB can promote endothelial function and inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, Gal-1- SLB presents potential function for endothelial cell migration and angiogenic activities. In vitro macrophage culture studies showed that the Gal-1-SLB attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation and the production of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the implanted Gal-1-SLB reduced the infiltration of immune cells at the tissue-implant interface and increased markers for M2 polarization and blood vessel formation in vivo. This straightforward surface coating with Gal-1 can be a useful strategy for modulating the vascular and immune cells around a blood-contacting device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lemon Hasan
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ro Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Conversing Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ling J, You S, Chen W, Yang X, Xv Y, Zhu B. Galectin-9 as a new biomarker of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22303. [PMID: 39333198 PMCID: PMC11437140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and its correlation with prognosis remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship between liver failure prognosis and Gal-9 expression analysis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure attributable to hepatitis B and those with chronic hepatitis B were included in this single-center prospective cohort study. The Gal-9 levels in the acute-on-chronic liver failure group were significantly higher than those in the chronic hepatitis B group, and there was an upregulation of Gal-9 and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 expressions in peripheral blood T cells. Gal-9 was localized in the regenerative areas of liver tissues in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, co-localizing with Kupffer cells. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with Gal-9 levels < 9.6 ng/ml had a worse prognosis, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) being similar to that of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. The combined ROC curve of the two had better predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.945. High Gal-9 levels in liver regenerative areas can serve as a prognostic marker, indicating a better prognosis for patients with hepatitis B virus-acute-on-chronic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ling
- Hepatology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Huanzhong Road, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Shaoli You
- Hepatology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Huanzhong Road, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Infectious Disease Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Infectious Disease Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Yiwen Xv
- Hepatology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Huanzhong Road, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hepatology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Huanzhong Road, Beijing, 10039, China.
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3
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Liu GJ, Zhang JD, Zhou W, Feng GL, Xing GW. Recent advances in sugar-based AIE luminogens and their applications in sensing and imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39323243 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Most fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are hydrophobic and most common sugars are hydrophilic and naturally nontoxic. The combination of AIEgens and sugars can construct glycosyl AIEgens with the advantages of good water-solubility, low fluorescent background and satisfactory biocompatibility. Based on the specific reaction or binding with analytes to change the conjugate system or restrict intramolecular motions, glycosyl AIEgens can be used as powerful tools for detecting bioactive molecules or imaging living cells. In this feature article, we summarize recent advances in sugar-based AIE luminogens and their applications in biosensing and imaging. The sugar units could significantly increase the solubility, biocompatibility, target activity, and chemical modifying capacity and often decrease the background fluorescence of the AIE probes. Corresponding studies not only expand the application fields of AIEgens but also provide effective tools for broad carbohydrate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jing-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Gai-Li Feng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Guo-Wen Xing
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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4
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Mendoza M, Ballesteros A, Rendon-Correa E, Tonk R, Warren J, Snow AL, Stowell SR, Blois SM, Dveksler G. Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107638. [PMID: 39121996 PMCID: PMC11403483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy relies on a coordinated interplay between endocrine, immune, and metabolic processes to sustain fetal growth and development. The orchestration of these processes involves multiple signaling pathways driving cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune regulation necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Among the molecules supporting placental development and maternal tolerance, the families of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins and galectins are of great interest in reproductive biology. We previously found that PSG1 can bind to galectin-1 (GAL-1). Herein, we characterized the interaction between PSG1 and other members of the galectin family expressed during pregnancy, including galectin-3, -7, -9, and -13 (GAL-3, GAL-7, GAL-9, and GAL-13). We observed that PSG1 binds to GAL-1, -3, and -9, with the highest apparent affinity seen for GAL-9, and that the interaction of PSG1 with GAL-9 is carbohydrate-dependent. We further investigated the ability of PSG1 to regulate GAL-9 responses in human monocytes, a murine macrophage cell line, and T-cells, and determined whether PSG1 binds to both carbohydrate recognition domains of GAL-9. Additionally, we compared the apparent affinity of GAL-9 binding to PSG1 with other known GAL-9 ligands in these cells, Tim-3 and CD44. Lastly, we explored functional conservation between murine and human PSGs by determining that Psg23, a highly expressed member of the murine Psg family, can bind some murine galectins despite differences in amino acid composition and domain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Section on Sensory Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rendon-Correa
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rohan Tonk
- Section on Sensory Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Warren
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Glyco-HAM, a cooperation of Universität Hamburg, Technology Platform Mass Spectrometry and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Thijssen VLJL. Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:3. [PMID: 38990363 PMCID: PMC11239785 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Sustained tumor angiogenesis, i.e., the induction and maintenance of blood vessel growth by tumor cells, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The vascularization of malignant tissues not only facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, but also contributes to immune evasion. Important players in all these processes are the endothelial cells which line the luminal side of blood vessel. In the tumor vasculature, these cells are actively involved in angiogenesis as well in the hampered recruitment of immune cells. This is the result of the abnormal tumor microenvironment which triggers both angiostimulatory and immune inhibitory gene expression profiles in endothelial cells. In recent years, it has become evident that galectins constitute a protein family that is expressed in the tumor endothelium. Moreover, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been found to facilitate tumor angiogenesis and stimulate immune suppression. All this has identified galectins as potential therapeutic targets to simultaneously hamper tumor angiogenesis and alleviate immune suppression. The current review provides a brief introduction in the human galectin protein family. The current knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of galectins in endothelial cells is summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the role that endothelial galectins play in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunomodulation is provided. Finally, some outstanding questions are discussed that should be addressed by future research efforts. This will help to fully understand the contribution of endothelial galectins to tumor progression and to exploit endothelial galectins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L J L Thijssen
- Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Zhao N, Lai C, Wang Y, Dai S, Gu H. Understanding the role of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms, detection, and clinical significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189096. [PMID: 38499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality. Remarkably, early stage localized CRC has a 5-year survival rate of over 90%; in stark contrast, the corresponding 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC (mCRC) is only 14%. Compounding this problem is the staggering lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Beyond genetic mutations, which have been identified as critical instigators of CRC initiation and progression, the importance of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), cannot be underestimated, given that DNAm can be used for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation. This review addresses the intricate mechanisms governing aberrant DNAm in CRC and its profound impact on critical oncogenic pathways. In addition, a comprehensive review of the various techniques used to detect DNAm alterations in CRC is provided, along with an exploration of the clinical utility of cancer-specific DNAm alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuanxi Lai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Zhejiang ShengTing Biotech. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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7
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Hu W, Song X, Yu H, Fan S, Shi A, Sun J, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhao Y. Suppression of B-Cell Activation by Human Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells (CB-SCs) through the Galectin-9-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1830. [PMID: 38339108 PMCID: PMC10855911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed the Stem Cell Educator therapy among multiple clinical trials based on the immune modulations of multipotent cord blood-derived stem cells (CB-SCs) on different compartments of immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes/macrophages, in type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of CB-SCs on the B cells remained unclear. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune education of CB-SCs, we explored the modulations of CB-SCs on human B cells. CB-SCs were isolated from human cord blood units and confirmed by flow cytometry with different markers for their purity. B cells were purified by using anti-CD19 immunomagnetic beads from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Next, the activated B cells were treated in the presence or absence of coculture with CB-SCs for 7 days before undergoing flow cytometry analysis of phenotypic changes with different markers. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to evaluate the levels of galectin expressions on CB-SCs with or without treatment of activated B cells in order to find the key galectin that was contributing to the B-cell modulation. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the proliferation of activated B cells was markedly suppressed in the presence of CB-SCs, leading to the downregulation of immunoglobulin production from the activated B cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that treatment with CB-SCs increased the percentage of IgD+CD27- naïve B cells, but decreased the percentage of IgD-CD27+ switched B cells. The transwell assay showed that the immune suppression of CB-SCs on B cells was dependent on the galectin-9 molecule, as confirmed by the blocking experiment with the anti-galectin-9 monoclonal antibody. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that both calcium levels of cytoplasm and mitochondria were downregulated after the treatment with CB-SCs, causing the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in the activated B cells. Western blot exhibited that the levels of phosphorylated Akt and Erk1/2 signaling proteins in the activated B cells were also markedly reduced in the presence of CB-SCs. CB-SCs displayed multiple immune modulations on B cells through the galectin-9-mediated mechanism and calcium flux/Akt/Erk1/2 signaling pathways. The data advance our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Stem Cell Educator therapy to treat autoimmune diseases in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Xiang Song
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Haibo Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Sophia Fan
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Andrew Shi
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (J.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (J.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Laura Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Shih Y, Chen S, Huang J, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Xue F, Xiang J, Chen X, Zhu X, Pan M, Wu J, Zheng J, Li H, Cao H. Serum level of galectin-9 as a potential biomarker for high risk of malignancy in dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:251-258. [PMID: 37184873 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Galectin-9, as immune checkpoint protein, plays a role in regulating autoimmunity and tumour immunity. Therefore, we explored the pathophysiological link between galectin-9 and malignancy in cancer-related DM (CRDM). METHODS Serum galectin-9 were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its association with serological indices was evaluated using Spearman analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to determine the cut-off value of galectin-9. RESULTS Serum levels of galectin-9 were significantly higher in DM patients [23.38 (13.85-32.57) ng/ml] than those in healthy controls (HCs) [6.81 (5.42-7.89) ng/ml, P < 0.0001], and were positively correlated with the cutaneous dermatomyositis disease area severity index activity (CDASI-A) scores (rs=0.3065, P = 0.0172). DM patients with new-onset and untreated cancer (new-CRDM) [31.58 (23.85-38.84) ng/ml] had higher levels of galectin-9 than those with stable and treated cancer (stable-CRDM) [17.49 (10.23-27.91) ng/ml, P = 0.0288], non-cancer-related DM (non-CRDM) [21.05 (11.97-28.02) ng/ml, P = 0.0258], and tumour patients without DM [7.46 (4.90-8.51) ng/ml, P < 0.0001]. Serum galectin-9 levels significantly decreased [27.79 (17.04-41.43) ng/ml vs 13.88 (5.15-20.37) ng/ml, P = 0.002] after anti-cancer treatment in CRDM patients. The combination of serum galectin-9 and anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ (anti-TIF1-γ) antibody (AUC = 0.889, 95% CI 0.803-0.977) showed the highest predictive value for the presence of cancer in DM. CONCLUSION Increased galectin-9 levels were related to tumor progression in CRDM, and galectin-9 was downregulated upon cancer treatment. Monitoring serum galectin-9 levels and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies might be an attractive strategy to achieve tumour diagnosis and predict CRDM outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Shih
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shile Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zicong Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Rodrigues CF, Santos FA, Amorim LAA, da Silva ALC, Marques LGA, Rocha BAM. Galectin-9 is a target for the treatment of cancer: A patent review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127768. [PMID: 38287577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Galectins, which correspond to a group of proteins capable of recognizing and reversibly binding to β-galactoside carbohydrates, have been the subject of innovation and development of technological products. Galectins play biological roles, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and some studies showed differences in the concentrations of galectins dispersed in serum of patients with cancer. For this reason, different studies have evaluated the biotechnological potential of these proteins as biomarkers for the prognosis and/or diagnosis of physiological disorders. Thus, this review discusses recent technological advancements in targeting galectins for the treatment of cancer and using galectins for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Data mining was performed using the search descriptors "Galectin 9* and cancer*" and the ESPACENET and Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence (CDDI) databases. PRISMA guidelines were followed as a basis for literature review which aimed to conduct a systematic study of galectin-9 patents related to cancer prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. Results showed the importance of galectin-9 protein patents in furthering biomedical advancements in the global fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Alves Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - André Luis Coelho da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Anderson Matias Rocha
- RENORBIO, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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10
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Braß SM, Mazrekaj A, Mulorz J, Ibing W, Krott KJ, Takeuchi K, Cappallo M, Liu HH, Elvers M, Schelzig H, Wagenhäuser MU. Nicotine Potentially Alters Endothelial Inflammation and Cell Adhesion via LGALS9. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 38248876 PMCID: PMC10816207 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial cell layer is essential for the maintenance of various blood vessel functions. Major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction that contribute to aortic pathologies such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortic dissection (AD) include smoking tobacco cigarettes and hypertension. This study explores the effects of nicotine (Nic) and angiotensin II (Ang II) on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) at a transcriptional level. METHODS HAoECs were exposed to 100 nM Nic and/or 100 nM Ang II. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify regulated genes following exposure. Results were validated applying RT-qPCR. GeneMANIA was used to perform in silico analysis aiming to identify potential downstream interacting genes in inflammatory, cell-adhesion, endothelial cell proliferation, and coagulation pathways. RESULTS RNA-Seq identified LGALS9 (Galectin-9) as being potentially regulated following Nic exposure, while subsequent RT-qPCR experiments confirmed the transcriptional regulation (p < 0.05). Subsequent in silico analysis identified potential candidate genes for interacting with LGALS9 in different gene sets. Of the top 100 genes potentially interacting with LGALS9, 18 were inflammatory response genes, 28 were involved in cell adhesion, 2 in cell proliferation, and 6 in coagulation. CONCLUSION Nic exposure of HAoECs causes a significant increase in LGALS9 at a transcriptional level. LGALS9 itself may serve as key regulator for essential endothelial cell processes via interfering with various signaling pathways and may thus represent a potentially novel target in the pathogenesis of aortic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Maximilian Braß
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnesa Mazrekaj
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ibing
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kim-Jürgen Krott
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiku Takeuchi
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Cappallo
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE 3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Han Liu
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Pei X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang F, He Y, Li Y, Si Y. Placental galectins: a subfamily of galectins lose the ability to bind β-galactosides with new structural features†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:799-811. [PMID: 37672213 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins. There are 16 different of galectins, each with a specific function determined by its distinct distribution and spatial structure. Galectin-13, galectin-14, and galectin-16 are distinct from other galectin members in that they are primarily found in placental tissue. These galectins, also referred to as placental galectins, play critical roles in regulating pregnancy-associated processes, such as placenta formation and maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. The unique structural characteristics and the inability to bind lactose of placental galectins have recently received significant attention. This review primarily examines the novel structural features of placental galectins, which distinguish them from the classic galectins. Furthermore, it explores the correlation between these structural features and the loss of β-galactoside binding ability. In addition, the newly discovered functions of placental galectins in recent years are also summarized in our review. A detailed understanding of the roles of placental galectins may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing numerous pregnancy diseases and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases, ultimately benefiting the health of mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Pei
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Xuzhou Tongshan Maocun High School, Xuzhou 221135, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Bhati T, Ray A, Arora R, Siraj F, Parvez S, Rastogi S. Galectins are critical regulators of cytokine signalling at feto-maternal interface in infection-associated spontaneous preterm birth. Placenta 2023; 138:10-19. [PMID: 37146535 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health issue. Studies suggest infections are chiefly associated with sPTB and galectins (gals) play a role in regulation of innate and adaptive maternal immune response against pathogens during sPTB. The aim of this study was to describe the gene expression of gal -1, -3, -8, -9, -13 in relation to gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the cytokines IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-ϒ in the setting of sPTB and confirmed infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. METHODS Placental samples were collected from 120 term control and 120 sPTB pregnancies. PCR was used to detect specific pathogens. Gene expression of galectins, cytokines, and COX-2 was performed using real time qPCR. RESULTS Fold-change expression of gal -1, -3, -8, -9, -13 was 5.13, 6.11, 1.14, 5.23 and 7.16 (p<0.001), respectively; while IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-ϒ and COX-2 was 6.29, 6.55, 6.35, 6.36 and 2.73-fold upregulated (p<0.05), respectively in infected sPTB. Gal-1 was positively correlated with IL-10 (r=0.49, p=0.003) while gal-3 showed significant correlation with IL-8 (r=0.42, p=0.0113), TNF-α (r=0.65, p=< 0.001) and COX-2 (r=0.72, p=0.001). However, gal-8 was not significantly correlated with any cytokine. Gal-9, -13 were negatively correlated with IFN-ϒ (r=-0.45, p=0.006) and IL-8 (r=-0.39, p=0.018). DISCUSSION Gal-1, -9, -13 are anti-inflammatory and might play role in immune-tolerance while gal-3 is pro-inflammatory and possibly responsible for immunogenic response, having potential to anticipate the clinical beginning of preterm labour during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Bhati
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box No. 4909, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ankita Ray
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box No. 4909, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box No. 4909, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Sangita Rastogi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box No. 4909, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Shi T, Fujita K, Tani J, Atsukawa M, Masaki T. Galectin-9 in Gastroenterological Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076174. [PMID: 37047155 PMCID: PMC10094448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunochemotherapy has become popular in recent years. The detailed mechanisms of cancer immunity are being elucidated, and new developments are expected in the future. Apoptosis allows tissues to maintain their form, quantity, and function by eliminating excess or abnormal cells. When apoptosis is inhibited, the balance between cell division and death is disrupted and tissue homeostasis is impaired. This leads to dysfunction and the accumulation of genetically abnormal cells, which can contribute to carcinogenesis. Lectins are neither enzymes nor antibodies but proteins that bind sugar chains. Among soluble endogenous lectins, galectins interact with cell surface sugar chains outside the cell to regulate signal transduction and cell growth. On the other hand, intracellular lectins are present at the plasma membrane and regulate signal transduction by regulating receptor–ligand interactions. Galectin-9 expressed on the surface of thymocytes induces apoptosis of T lymphocytes and plays an essential role in immune self-tolerance by negative selection in the thymus. Furthermore, the administration of extracellular galectin-9 induces apoptosis of human cancer and immunodeficient cells. However, the detailed pharmacokinetics of galectin-9 in vivo have not been elucidated. In addition, the cell surface receptors involved in galectin-9-induced apoptosis of cancer cells have not been identified, and the intracellular pathways involved in apoptosis have not been fully investigated. We have previously reported that galectin-9 induces apoptosis in various gastrointestinal cancers and suppresses tumor growth. However, the mechanism of galectin-9 and apoptosis induction in gastrointestinal cancers and the detailed mechanisms involved in tumor growth inhibition remain unknown. In this article, we review the effects of galectin-9 on gastrointestinal cancers and its mechanisms.
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Kalaivani V, Krishna MS, Kumar AA, Satheesh G, Jaleel A. O-glycan structures in apo(a) subunit of human lipoprotein(a) suppresses the pro-angiogenic activity of galectin-1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22813. [PMID: 36809652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201001rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] is a highly polymorphic O-glycoprotein circulating in human plasma as lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. The O-glycan structures of apo(a) subunit of Lp(a) serve as strong ligands of galectin-1, an O-glycan binding pro-angiogenic lectin abundantly expressed in placental vascular tissues. But the pathophysiological significance of apo(a)-galectin-1 binding is not yet been revealed. Carbohydrate-dependent binding of galectin-1 to another O-glycoprotein, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) on endothelial cells activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Using apo(a), isolated from human plasma, we demonstrated the potential of the O-glycan structures of apo(a) in Lp(a) to inhibit angiogenic properties such as proliferation, migration, and tube-formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane. Further, in vitro protein-protein interaction studies have confirmed apo(a) as a superior ligand to NRP-1 for galectin-1 binding. We also demonstrated that the protein levels of galectin-1, NRP-1, VEGFR2, and downstream proteins in MAPK signaling were reduced in HUVECs in the presence of apo(a) with intact O-glycan structures compared to that of de-O-glycosylated apo(a). In conclusion, our study shows that apo(a)-linked O-glycans prevent the binding of galectin-1 to NRP-1 leading to the inhibition of galectin-1/neuropilin-1/VEGFR2/MAPK-mediated angiogenic signaling pathway in endothelial cells. As higher plasma Lp(a) level in women is an independent risk factor for pre-eclamsia, a pregnancy-associated vascular complication, we propose that apo(a) O-glycans-mediated inhibition of the pro-angiogenic activity of galectin-1 may be one of the underlying molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of Lp(a) in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Kalaivani
- Diabetes Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mahesh S Krishna
- Diabetes Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Asokan Aneesh Kumar
- Diabetes Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gopika Satheesh
- Diabetes Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Diabetes Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Yang ML, Chen YC, Wang CT, Chong HE, Chung NH, Leu CH, Liu FT, Lai MMC, Ling P, Wu CL, Shiau AL. Upregulation of galectin-3 in influenza A virus infection promotes viral RNA synthesis through its association with viral PA protein. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:14. [PMID: 36823664 PMCID: PMC9948428 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is one of the most important viral infections globally. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consists of the PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, and the amino acid residues of each subunit are highly conserved among influenza A virus (IAV) strains. Due to the high mutation rate and emergence of drug resistance, new antiviral strategies are needed. Host cell factors are involved in the transcription and replication of influenza virus. Here, we investigated the role of galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding animal lectin family, in the life cycle of IAV infection in vitro and in mice. METHODS We used galectin-3 knockout and wild-type mice and cells to study the intracellular role of galectin-3 in influenza pathogenesis. Body weight and survival time of IAV-infected mice were analyzed, and viral production in mouse macrophages and lung fibroblasts was examined. Overexpression and knockdown of galectin-3 in A549 human lung epithelial cells were exploited to assess viral entry, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) import/export, transcription, replication, virion production, as well as interactions between galectin-3 and viral proteins by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, minireplicon, and plaque assays. We also employed recombinant galectin-3 proteins to identify specific step(s) of the viral life cycle that was affected by exogenously added galectin-3 in A549 cells. RESULTS Galectin-3 levels were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs of IAV-infected mice. There was a positive correlation between galectin-3 levels and viral loads. Notably, galectin-3 knockout mice were resistant to IAV infection. Knockdown of galectin-3 significantly reduced the production of viral proteins and virions in A549 cells. While intracellular galectin-3 did not affect viral entry, it increased vRNP nuclear import, RdRp activity, and viral transcription and replication, which were associated with the interaction of galectin-3 with viral PA subunit. Galectin-3 enhanced the interaction between viral PA and PB1 proteins. Moreover, exogenously added recombinant galectin-3 proteins also enhanced viral adsorption and promoted IAV infection in A549 cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that galectin-3 enhances viral infection through increases in vRNP nuclear import and RdRp activity, thereby facilitating viral transcription and replication. Our findings also identify galectin-3 as a potential therapeutic target for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan ,grid.413878.10000 0004 0572 9327Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Earn Chong
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hui Chung
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsing Leu
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael M. C. Lai
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ling
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Cinkir U, Bir LS, Tekin S, Karagulmez AM, Avci Cicek E, Senol H. Investigation of anti-galectin-8 levels in patients with multiple sclerosis: A consort-clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32621. [PMID: 36607856 PMCID: PMC9829274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are a family of endogenous mammalian lectins involved in pathogen recognition, killing, and facilitating the entry of microbial pathogens and parasites into the host. They are the intermediators that decipher glycan-containing information about the host immune cells and microbial structures to modulate signaling events that cause cellular proliferation, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, and cell-to-cell communication. They have subgroups that take place in different roles in the immune system. The effect of galectin-8 on multiple sclerosis disease (MS) has been studied in the literature, but the results seemed unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine anti-galectin-8 (anti-Gal-8) levels in MS and their potential use as biomarkers. METHODS In this experimental study, 45 MS patients diagnosed according to McDonald criteria were included in the patient group. The healthy control group contained 45 people without MS diagnosis and any risk factors. Demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, anti-Gal-8 levels, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease were recorded. In addition, the expanded disability status scale and disease duration were evaluated in the patient group. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviations. RESULTS The mean blood anti-galectin-8 value of the patient group was 4.84 ± 4.53 ng/mL, while it was 4.67 ± 3.40 ng/mL in the control group, and the difference in these values was found statistically insignificant (P > .05). Moreover, body mass index, glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and low-density lipoprotein levels were also statistically insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION This study examined anti-Gal-8 levels in MS patients. The relationship between MS and galectin-8 and anti-Gal-8 levels in patients needs further clarification. As a result, the study's results could help elucidate the pathogenesis of MS and give more evidence for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Cinkir
- T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Ufuk Cinkir, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam Ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul 34480, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Levent Sinan Bir
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selma Tekin
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Magrur Karagulmez
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Esin Avci Cicek
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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18
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He J, Hou Y, Lu F. Blockage of Galectin-Receptor Interactions Attenuates Mouse Hepatic Pathology Induced by Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896744. [PMID: 35911679 PMCID: PMC9327616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), one of the most important Apicomplexan protozoa, causes toxoplasmosis in human throughout the world. Galectin (Gal)-9 triggers a series of immune events via binding to its receptors, including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3, CD137, CD44, and protein disulfide isomerase. To examine the regulatory role of galectin-receptor interactions in anti-toxoplasmic activities, C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. gondii RH strain and intraperitoneally injected with alpha (α)-lactose to block the interactions of galectins and their receptors. Heatmaps showed upregulated values for Gal-9 and CD137 in the livers of T. gondii-infected mice and T. gondii-infected mice treated with α-lactose. Compared with T. gondii-infected mice, T. gondii-infected mice treated with α-lactose showed significantly increased survival rate, decreased tissue parasite burden, attenuated liver histopathology, increased mRNA expression levels of CD137, IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-10 in the liver, and increased Gal-9 mRNA expression level in the spleen. Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlations existed between the mRNA expression levels of Gal-9 and CD137, Gal-9 and IFNγ, as well as between CD137 and IFNγ in the liver and spleen of T. gondii-infected mice; between CD137 and IFNγ in the liver of T. gondii-infected mice treated with α-lactose. In addition, blockage of galectin-receptor interactions showed enhanced M2 macrophage polarization in the liver of T. gondii-infected mice. Our data indicate that Gal-9-CD137 interaction may play an important role in T. gondii proliferation and liver inflammation in mice during acute T. gondii infection, through regulating T cell and macrophage immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongheng Hou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fangli Lu,
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Ji P, Gong Y, Jin ML, Wu HL, Guo LW, Pei YC, Chai WJ, Jiang YZ, Liu Y, Ma XY, Di GH, Hu X, Shao ZM. In vivo multidimensional CRISPR screens identify Lgals2 as an immunotherapy target in triple-negative breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8247. [PMID: 35767614 PMCID: PMC9242595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit limited response rates in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting that additional immune escape mechanisms may exist. Here, we performed two-step customized in vivo CRISPR screens targeting disease-related immune genes using different mouse models with multidimensional immune-deficiency characteristics. In vivo screens characterized gene functions in the different tumor microenvironments and recovered canonical immunotherapy targets such as Ido1. In addition, functional screening and transcriptomic analysis identified Lgals2 as a candidate regulator in TNBC involving immune escape. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that tumor cell-intrinsic Lgals2 induced the increased number of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the M2-like polarization and proliferation of macrophages through the CSF1/CSF1R axis, which resulted in the immunosuppressive nature of the TNBC microenvironment. Blockade of LGALS2 using an inhibitory antibody successfully arrested tumor growth and reversed the immune suppression. Collectively, our results provide a theoretical basis for LGALS2 as a potential immunotherapy target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huai-liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Pei
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wen-Jun Chai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gen-Hong Di
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China
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20
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van Klaveren S, Dernovšek J, Jakopin Ž, Anderluh M, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Tomašič T. Design and synthesis of novel 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides as galectin-1, -3 and -8 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18973-18984. [PMID: 35873334 PMCID: PMC9245910 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins that play a role in various pathophysiological conditions, making them attractive targets in drug discovery. We have designed and synthesised a focused library of aromatic 3-triazolyl-1-thiogalactosides targeting their core site for binding of galactose and a subsite on its non-reducing side. Evaluation of their binding affinities for galectin-1, -3, and -8N identified acetamide-based compound 36 as a suitable compound for further affinity enhancement by adding groups at the reducing side of the galactose. Synthesis of its dichlorothiophenyl analogue 59 and the thiodigalactoside analogue 62 yielded promising pan-galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors van Klaveren
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b Klinikgatan 28 221 84 Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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21
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Sharma S, Cwiklinski K, Sykes DE, Mahajan SD, Chevli K, Schwartz SA, Aalinkeel R. Use of Glycoproteins-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and Galectin-3 as Primary Tumor Markers and Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112704. [PMID: 35681683 PMCID: PMC9179331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate specific membrane antigen and galectins are proteins expressed on cell surface and their expression is associated with cancer growth and spread. The goal of this research was to look at the pattern of these two glycoproteins in the human prostate cancer microenvironment. Prostate specific membrane antigen and galectins-1,3 and 8 were the most frequently detected glycoproteins in various phases of this disease. Furthermore, prostate specific membrane antigen and galectin-3 expression are good indicators of tumor aggressiveness, and their combined expression can be valuable tool for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in future. Together, our findings reveal a tightly regulated “Prostate specific membrane antigen-galectin-pattern” that accompanies disease in prostate cancer and point to a key role for combined prostate specific membrane antigen and galectin-3 inhibitors in prostate cancer treatment along with standard chemotherapy. Abstract Galectins and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are glycoproteins that are functionally implicated in prostate cancer (CaP). We undertook this study to analyze the “PSMA-galectin pattern” of the human CaP microenvironment with the overarching goal of selecting novel-molecular targets for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. We examined CaP cells and biopsy samples representing different stages of the disease and found that PSMA, Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-8 are the most abundantly expressed glycoproteins. In contrast, other galectins such as Gal-2, 4–7, 9–13, were uniformly expressed at lower levels across all cell lines. However, biopsy samples showed markedly higher expression of PSMA, Gal-1 and Gal-3. Independently PSA and Gleason score at diagnosis correlated with the expression of PSMA, Gal-3. Additionally, the combined index of PSMA and Gal-3 expression positively correlated with Gleason score and was a better predictor of tumor aggressiveness. Together, our results recognize a tightly regulated “PSMA-galectin- pattern” that accompanies disease in CaP and highlight a major role for the combined PSMA and Gal-3 inhibitors along with standard chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. Inhibitor combination studies show enzalutamide (ENZ), 2-phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA), and GB1107 as highly cytotoxic for LNCaP and LNCaP-KD cells, while Docetaxel (DOC) + GB1107 show greater efficacy in PC-3 cells. Overall, 2-PMPA and GB1107 demonstrate synergistic cytotoxic effects with ENZ and DOC in various CaP cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Katherine Cwiklinski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Donald E. Sykes
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Kent Chevli
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Stanley A. Schwartz
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-888-4778
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22
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Zhi Z, Jooss NJ, Sun Y, Colicchia M, Slater A, Moran LA, Cheung HYF, Di Y, Rayes J, Poulter NS, Watson SP, Iqbal AJ. Galectin-9 activates platelet ITAM receptors glycoprotein VI and C-type lectin-like receptor-2. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:936-950. [PMID: 34936188 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are multifunctional cellular mediators in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Several members of galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a broad range of immunomodulatory actions, have been reported to activate platelets. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of galectin-9 (Gal-9) as a novel ligand for platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). METHODS Platelet spreading, aggregation, and P-selectin expression in response to Gal-9 were measured in washed platelet suspensions via static adhesion assay, light transmission aggregometry, and flow cytometry, respectively. Solid-phase binding assay and protein phosphorylation studies were utilized to validate the interaction between Gal-9 and GPVI, and immunoprecipitation for detecting CLEC-2 phosphorylation. Wild-type (WT), GPVI-knockout (Gp6-/- ), and GPVI and CLEC-2-double knockout (Gp6-/- /Gp1ba-Cre-Clec1bfl/fl ) mice were used. RESULTS We have shown that recombinant Gal-9 stimulates aggregation in human and mouse washed platelets dose-dependently. Platelets from both species adhere and spread on immobilized Gal-9 and express P-selectin. Gal-9 competitively inhibited the binding of human recombinant D1 and D2 domains of GPVI to collagen. Gal-9 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of CLEC-2 and proteins known to lie downstream of GPVI and CLEC-2 including spleen tyrosine kinase and linker of activated T cells in human platelets. GPVI-deficient murine platelets exhibited significantly impaired aggregation in response to Gal-9, which was further abrogated in GPVI and CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets. CONCLUSIONS We have identified Gal-9 as a novel platelet agonist that induces activation through interaction with GPVI and CLEC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis A Moran
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Vrbata D, Filipová M, Tavares MR, Červený J, Vlachová M, Šírová M, Pelantová H, Petrásková L, Bumba L, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Chytil P, Bojarová P. Glycopolymers Decorated with 3- O-Substituted Thiodigalactosides as Potent Multivalent Inhibitors of Galectin-3. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3866-3878. [PMID: 35157467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) participates in many cancer-related metabolic processes. The inhibition of overexpressed Gal-3 by, e.g., β-galactoside-derived inhibitors is hence promising for cancer treatment. The multivalent presentation of such inhibitors on a suitable biocompatible carrier can enhance the overall affinity to Gal-3 and favorably modify the interaction with Gal-3-overexpressing cells. We synthesized a library of C-3 aryl-substituted thiodigalactoside inhibitors and their multivalent N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based counterparts with two different glycomimetic contents. Glycopolymers with a higher content of glycomimetic exhibited a higher affinity to Gal-3 as assessed by ELISA and biolayer interferometry. Among them, four candidates (with 4-acetophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, and thiophen-3-yl substitution) were selected for further evaluation in cancer-related experiments in cell cultures. These glycopolymers inhibited Gal-3-induced processes in cancer cells. The cyanophenyl-substituted glycopolymer exhibited the strongest antiproliferative, antimigratory, antiangiogenic, and immunoprotective properties. The prepared glycopolymers appear to be prospective modulators of the tumor microenvironment applicable in the therapy of Gal-3-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marina R Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Šírová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
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24
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Menkhorst E, Than NG, Jeschke U, Barrientos G, Szereday L, Dveksler G, Blois SM. Medawar's PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784473. [PMID: 34975875 PMCID: PMC8715898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions, in particular those mediated by the galectin family, regulate many processes required for a successful pregnancy. Over the past decades, increasing evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that members of the galectin family specifically bind to both intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands regulating angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations required to tolerate the fetal semi-allograft and mammalian embryogenesis. Therefore, galectins play important roles in fetal development and placentation contributing to maternal and fetal health. This review discusses the expression and role of galectins during the course of pregnancy, with an emphasis on maternal immune adaptions and galectin-glycan interactions uncovered in the recent years. In addition, we summarize the galectin fingerprints associated with pathological gestation with particular focus on preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecological Research Centre, The Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enyzmology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Huijbers EJM, Khan KA, Kerbel RS, Griffioen AW. Tumors resurrect an embryonic vascular program to escape immunity. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm6388. [PMID: 35030032 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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26
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MicroRNA Bta-miR-24-3p Suppressed Galectin-9 Expression through TLR4/NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123299. [PMID: 34943807 PMCID: PMC8699331 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a major infectious disease affecting dairy development. MicroRNAs are recognized as critical regulators of the innate immune response. However, the role and mechanism of Bta-miR-24-3p in the development of endometritis are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bta-miR-24-3p on the inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to clarify the possible mechanism. LPS-treated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) were cultured to investigate the role of Bta-miR-24-3p. The expression levels of Bta-miR-24-3p were downregulated, and galectin-9 (LGALS9) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The LPS-induced inflammatory response was assessed by the elevated secretion of inflammatory cytokines measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and TLR4 pathway was assessed by Western blot. The interaction between Bta-miR-24-3p and LGALS9 was validated by bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay. LPS-induction in BEECs with Bta-miR-24-3p was overexpressed leads inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LGALS9 expression, and TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway deactivation. Knockdown of LGALS9 inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response in BEECs. LGALS9 was validated as a target of Bta-miR-24-3p. Cloned overexpression of LGALS9 failed to alter the effect of Bta-miR-24-3p on the inflammatory response in BEECs. Overall, Bta-miR-24-3p attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response via targeting LGALS9. The immunotherapeutic stabilisation of Bta-miR-24-3p could give a therapeutic option for endometritis and other disorders commonly associated with endometritis, suggesting a novel avenue for endometritis treatment.
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27
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Mu R, Zhang Y, Yan L, Liao Z, Yang Y, Su H, Dong L, Wang C. A "Bridge-Building" Glycan Scaffold Mimicking Microbial Invasion for In Situ Endothelialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103490. [PMID: 34476850 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The globally high prevalence of peripheral artery diseases poses a pressing need for biomaterials grafts to rebuild vasculature. When implanted, they should promote endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion both profoundly and selectively-but the latter expectation remains unfulfilled. Here, this work is inspired by fungi that invade blood vessels via the "bridge" of galectins that, secreted by ECs, can simultaneously bind carbohydrates on fungal surface and integrin receptors on ECs. A glucomannan decanoate (GMDE) substrate mimicking fungal carbohydrates that highly and preferentially supports ECs adhesion while rejecting several other cell types is designed. Electrospun GMDE scaffolds efficiently sequester endogenous galectin-1-which bridges ECs to the scaffolds as it functions in fungal invasions-and promote blood perfusion in a murine limb ischemic model. Meanwhile, the application of GMDE requires no exogenous pro-angiogenic agents and causes no organ toxicity or adverse inflammation in mice, highlighting its high safety of potential translation. This glycan material, uniquely mimicking a microbial action and harnessing a secreted protein as a "bridge," represents an effective, safe, and different strategy for ischemic vascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhencheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yushun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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28
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Galectins in Endothelial Cell Biology and Angiogenesis: The Basics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091386. [PMID: 34572599 PMCID: PMC8464943 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels out of existing vessels, is a complex and tightly regulated process. It is executed by the cells that cover the inner surface of the vasculature, i.e., the endothelial cells. During angiogenesis, these cells adopt different phenotypes, which allows them to proliferate and migrate, and to form tube-like structures that eventually result in the generation of a functional neovasculature. Multiple internal and external cues control these processes and the galectin protein family was found to be indispensable for proper execution of angiogenesis. Over the last three decades, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been linked to endothelial cell functioning and to different steps of the angiogenesis cascade. This review provides a basic overview of our current knowledge regarding galectins in angiogenesis. It covers the main findings with regard to the endothelial expression of galectins and highlights their role in endothelial cell function and biology.
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Kong C, Beukema M, Wang M, de Haan BJ, de Vos P. Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:8100-8119. [PMID: 34286788 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) and non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are known to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens to the gut epithelium, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, the effects of 2'-FL, 3-FL, DP3-DP10, DP10-DP60 and DP30-DP60 inulins and DM7, DM55 and DM69 pectins were studied on pathogen adhesion to Caco-2 cells. As the growth phase influences virulence, E. coli ET8, E. coli LMG5862, E. coli O119, E. coli WA321, and S. enterica subsp. enterica LMG07233 from both log and stationary phases were tested. Specificity for enteric pathogens was tested by including the lung pathogen K. pneumoniae LMG20218. Expression of the cell membrane glycosylation genes of galectin and glycocalyx and inflammatory genes was studied in the presence and absence of 2'-FL or NDCs. Inhibition of pathogen adhesion was observed for 2'-FL, inulins, and pectins. Pre-incubation with 2'-FL downregulated ICAM1, and pectins modified the glycosylation genes. In contrast, K. pneumoniae LMG20218 downregulated the inflammatory genes, but these were restored by pre-incubation with pectins, which reduced the adhesion of K. pneumoniae LMG20218. In addition, DM69 pectin significantly upregulated the inflammatory genes. 2'-FL and pectins but not inulins inhibited pathogen adhesion to the gut epithelial Caco-2 cells through changing the cell membrane glycosylation and inflammatory genes, but the effects were molecule-, pathogen-, and growth phase-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Potential Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation: Insight into their Clinical Significance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:184-191. [PMID: 34173807 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In risk-stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), physicians rely heavily on clinical parameters that provide risk scores and determine treatment strategies. There has been increasing research on potential biomarkers in the blood that could more accurately determine both risk of complications in AF and risk of incidence of AF. This review highlights the clinical significance of five novel biomarkers that have been shown to be linked to AF. These biomarkers are carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), galectin-3 (gal-3), growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family, IL1RL1 (ST2) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).
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Lightfoot A, McGettrick HM, Iqbal AJ. Vascular Endothelial Galectins in Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687711. [PMID: 34140956 PMCID: PMC8204101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury is a crucial event in the regulation of an inflammatory response. Tight regulation of interactions between the endothelium and circulating leukocytes is necessary to ensure a protective response to injury does not result in inflammatory disease. Rising interest in the broad immunoregulatory roles displayed by members of the glycan-binding galectin family suggests that these proteins could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, since their expression is significantly altered in disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of galectins in leukocyte trafficking during inflammation and the clinical approaches being taken to target these interactions for treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sedlář A, Trávníčková M, Bojarová P, Vlachová M, Slámová K, Křen V, Bačáková L. Interaction between Galectin-3 and Integrins Mediates Cell-Matrix Adhesion in Endothelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105144. [PMID: 34067978 PMCID: PMC8152275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that influences various cell functions, including cell adhesion. We focused on the role of Gal-3 as an extracellular ligand mediating cell-matrix adhesion. We used human adipose tissue-derived stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that are promising for vascular tissue engineering. We found that these cells naturally contained Gal-3 on their surface and inside the cells. Moreover, they were able to associate with exogenous Gal-3 added to the culture medium. This association was reduced with a β-galactoside LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc), a selective ligand of Gal-3, which binds to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the Gal-3 molecule. This ligand was also able to detach Gal-3 newly associated with cells but not Gal-3 naturally present on cells. In addition, Gal-3 preadsorbed on plastic surfaces acted as an adhesion ligand for both cell types, and the cell adhesion was resistant to blocking with LacdiNAc. This result suggests that the adhesion was mediated by a binding site different from the CRD. The blocking of integrin adhesion receptors on cells with specific antibodies revealed that the cell adhesion to the preadsorbed Gal-3 was mediated, at least partially, by β1 and αV integrins-namely α5β1, αVβ3, and αVβ1 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Sedlář
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Trávníčková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná, CZ 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +420-296442360 (P.B.); +420-296443743 (L.B.)
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (K.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (L.B.); Tel.: +420-296442360 (P.B.); +420-296443743 (L.B.)
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Sørensen MD, Nielsen O, Reifenberger G, Kristensen BW. The presence of TIM-3 positive cells in WHO grade III and IV astrocytic gliomas correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12921. [PMID: 33244787 PMCID: PMC8412096 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that respond poorly to immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibition. This resistance may arise from an immunocompromised microenvironment and deficient immune recognition of tumor cells because of low mutational burden. The most prominent genetic alterations in diffuse glioma are mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes that generate the immunosuppressive oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate. Our objective was to explore the association between IDH mutation and presence of cells expressing the immune checkpoint proteins galectin-9 and/or T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3). Astrocytic gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades III or IV (36 IDH-mutant and 36 IDH-wild-type) from 72 patients were included in this study. A novel multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry panel was applied using antibodies against galectin-9, TIM-3, and the oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2). Validation studies were performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. IDH mutation was associated with decreased levels of TIM-3+ cells (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between galectin-9 and IDH status (p = 0.10). Most TIM-3+ and galectin-9+ cells resembled microglia/macrophages, and very few TIM-3+ and/or galectin-9+ cells co-expressed OLIG2. The percentage of TIM-3+ T cells was generally low, however, IDH-mutant tumors contained significantly fewer TIM-3+ T cells (p < 0.01) and had a lower interaction rate between TIM-3+ T cells and galectin-9+ microglia/macrophages (p < 0.05). TCGA data confirmed lower TIM-3 mRNA expression in IDH-mutant compared to IDH-wild-type astrocytic gliomas (p = 0.013). Our results show that IDH mutation is associated with diminished levels of TIM-3+ cells and fewer interactions between TIM-3+ T cells and galectin-9+ microglia/macrophages, suggesting reduced activity of the galectin-9/TIM-3 immune checkpoint pathway in IDH-mutant astrocytic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia D Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKT), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Jin XX, Ying X, Dong MY. Galectin-1 expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction and its significance. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407212 PMCID: PMC7789211 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its significance. METHODS Thirty-one pregnant women with single-birth FGR but without comorbidities, eight pregnant women with FGR and preeclampsia (PE), and eight pregnant women with FGR and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were enrolled as the study group, while 20 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy in the same period were enrolled as the control group. The serum Gal-1 level was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Gal-1 expression in the placenta was detected by western blot. RESULTS The results revealed that, compared with the control group, the serum Gal-1 level decreased in the women with FGR without comorbidities, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the difference in serum Gal-1 expression in the FGR-PE group was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). The peripheral serum Gal-1 level decreased in the FGR-GDM group compared with the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The serum Gal-1 level was positively correlated with birth weight (r2 = 0.172, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the Gal-1 expression level decreased in the placenta of the pregnant women with FGR without comorbidities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gal-1 exhibits low expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with FGR. In addition, Gal-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of FGR and could represent a new diagnostic marker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Jin
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 1 of Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Xiang Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Min-Yue Dong
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 1 of Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Rodríguez-Remírez M, Del Puerto-Nevado L, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Cruz-Ramos M, García-García L, Solanes S, Molina-Roldán E, García-Foncillas J, Cebrián A. Targeting Galectin-1 by Aflibercept Strongly Enhances Its Antitumor Effect in Neuroendocrine Carcinomas. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:146-157. [PMID: 31991407 DOI: 10.1159/000506163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1 (Gal-1) plays major roles in cancer by modulating different processes leading to tumor development and progression. In the last years, it has been suggested as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Recently, aflibercept has shown high affinity for Gal-1. Here, we investigated how aflibercept could exert its antitumor activity via Gal-1-driven pathways in neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). METHODS AND RESULTS NEC tumor xenografts were used to assess the effect of aflibercept on Gal-1 functions. Aflibercept induced a significant reduction of Gal-1 at epithelial, stromal, and extracellular localizations in lung NEC, whereas this was not observed in colon NECs, which displayed low expression of Gal-1. Additionally, aflibercept significantly reduced p-VEGFR2 protein, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and activation of cancer-associated fibroblast hampering cell invasion in lung NEC but not in colon NEC. Gal-1 screening in human NECs confirmed that pulmonary and pancreatic tumors displayed higher levels of Gal-1 than colon NECs, becoming good candidates to benefit from aflibercept treatment. CONCLUSIONS The lack of validated predictive markers of aflibercept is a weakness for guaranteeing the best treatment management with this drug. This work provides new mechanistic insight of aflibercept depending on Gal-1. Thus, in tumors overexpressing Gal-1, aflibercept has not only an antiangiogenic effect but also prevents Gal-1-mediated tumor-stroma cross talk. The stronger aflibercept effect in tumors with high levels of Gal-1 points out this protein as a molecular marker to predict the efficacy of this agent not only for NECs but also for other tumors with high levels of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Remírez
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marlid Cruz-Ramos
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-García
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Solanes
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina-Roldán
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain,
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Arciniegas E, Carrillo LM, Rojas H, Pineda J, Ramírez R, Reyes O, Chopite M, Rocheta A. Plump endothelial cells integrated into pre-existing venules contribute to the formation of 'mother' and 'daughter' vessels in pyogenic granuloma: possible role of galectin-1, -3 and -8. Scars Burn Heal 2021; 7:2059513120986687. [PMID: 33796337 PMCID: PMC7841855 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120986687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a reactive inflammatory vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes, characterised by the presence of enlarged venules and seamed and seamless capillaries with plump endothelial cells (EC), and numerous macrophages. EC activation upregulates the synthesis of galectins and induces their translocation to the EC surface promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, particularly galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3 and Gal-8. However, the presence and distribution of Gal-1, -3 and -8, as well as their implications in the pathogenesis of PG, has not been considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight biopsies from patients diagnosed with PG were selected. The presence of PECAM-1/CD31, IL-1β, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, integrin β1, CD44, fibronectin and Gal-1, -3 and -8 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Immunostaining revealed that these molecules were present in the enlarged venules with plump ECs, in some macrophages and other immune cells. We propose that macrophages release VEGF-A and VEGF-C inducing VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 expression and activation, leading macrophages to transdifferentiate into plump ECs that might integrate into pre-existing venules, contributing to the formation of enlarged venules with transluminal bridges and capillaries. EC activation, induced by certain cytokines, has been shown to stimulate galectin expression and changes in the cellular localisation through association and activation of specific EC surface glycoproteins. Therefore, it is plausible that Gal-1, -3 and -8, acting in a concerted manner, could be mediating the transdifferentiation of macrophages into plump ECs and facilitating their migration and incorporation into the new vessels. LAY SUMMARY In this study, immunostaining of pyogenic granuloma (PG) tissue sections showed immunoreactivity for PECAM-1/CD31, IL-1β, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, and galectin-1, -3 and -8 in enlarged venules with plump endothelial cells (EC), as well as in some macrophages and other immune cells. Interestingly, enlarged and thin-walled transient vessels lined by PECAM-1/CD31 and VEGFR-2 immunopositive ECs that form from pre-existing normal venules in response to VEGF-A (called 'mother' vessels [MV]) and that undergo intraluminal bridging evolving into various types of capillaries (called 'daughter' vessels [DV]) have been observed in benign and malignant tumours, in physiological and pathological angiogenesis as well as in vascular malformations, suggesting an important role for VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in such a process. However, it is not only the mechanisms by which the MVs evolve in different types of DVs that remains to be elucidated, but also whether the cells that form intraluminal bridges proceed from locally activated ECs or whether they are derived from bone marrow precursors or from resident macrophages.Given that the formation of homodimers by Gal-1 and Gal-8 and pentamers by Gal-3 to generate gal-glycan lattices at the cell surface and in the extracellular space has been shown, it is possible that in PG tissue Gal-1, -3 and -8, through their binding partners, form a supramolecular structure at the surface of ECs and plump ECs, macrophages and in the extracellular space that might be mediating the transdifferentiation of macrophages into plump ECs and facilitating the migration and incorporation of these cells into the pre-existing venules, thus contributing to the formation of MVs and DVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arciniegas
- Institute of Biomedicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luz Marina Carrillo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Héctor Rojas
- Institute of Immunology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacinto Pineda
- Institute of Anatomy and Pathology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Richard Ramírez
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oscar Reyes
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marina Chopite
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Albani Rocheta
- Autonomus Service Institute of Biomedicine, Caracas, Venezuela
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Castillo-González R, Cibrian D, Fernández-Gallego N, Ramírez-Huesca M, Saiz ML, Navarro MN, Fresno M, de la Fuente H, Sánchez-Madrid F. Galectin-1 Expression in CD8 + T Lymphocytes Controls Inflammation in Contact Hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1522-1532.e3. [PMID: 33181141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis, also known as contact hypersensitivity, is a frequent T-cell‒mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by red, itchy, swollen, and cracked skin. It is caused by the direct contact with an allergen and/or irritant hapten. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a β-galactoside‒binding lectin, which is highly expressed in several types of immune cells. The role of endogenous Gal-1 in contact hypersensitivity is not known. We found that Gal-1‒deficient mice display more sustained and prolonged skin inflammation than wild-type mice after oxazolone treatment. Gal-1‒deficient mice have increased CD8+ T cells and neutrophilic infiltration in the skin. After the sensitization phase, Gal-1‒depleted mice showed an increased frequency of central memory CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells. The absence of Gal-1 does not affect the migration of transferred CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the blood to the lymph nodes or to the skin. The depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes as well as adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that endogenous expression of Gal-1 on CD8+ T lymphocytes exerts a major role in the control of contact hypersensitivity model. These data underscore the protective role of endogenous Gal-1 in CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells in the development of allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ramírez-Huesca
- Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Laura Saiz
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María N Navarro
- Department of Immune System Development and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Department of Immune System Development and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Intercellular Communication in the Inflammatory Response, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Chen P, Zhang L, Zhang W, Sun C, Wu C, He Y, Zhou C. Galectin-9-based immune risk score model helps to predict relapse in stage I-III small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001391. [PMID: 33082168 PMCID: PMC7577067 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For small cell lung cancer (SCLC) therapy, immunotherapy might have unique advantages to some extent. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays an important role in antitumor immunity, while little is known of its function in SCLC. Materials and methods By mean of immunohistochemistry (IHC), we tested the expression level of Gal-9 and other immune markers on both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 102 surgical-resected early stage SCLC clinical samples. On the basis of statistical analysis and machine learning results, the Gal-9-based immune risk score model was constructed and its predictive performance was evaluated. Then, we thoroughly explored the effects of Gal-9 and immune risk score on SCLC immune microenvironment and immune infiltration in different cohorts and platforms. Results In the SCLC cohort for IHC, the expression level of Gal-9 on TILs was statistically correlated with the levels of program death-1 (p=0.001), program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (p<0.001), CD3 (p<0.001), CD4 (p<0.001), CD8 (p<0.001), and FOXP3 (p=0.047). High Gal-9 protein expression on TILs indicated better recurrence-free survival (30.4 months, 95% CI: 23.7–37.1 vs 39.4 months, 95% CI: 31.6–47.3, p=0.009). The immune risk score model which consisted of Gal-9 on TILs, CD4, and PD-L1 on TILs was established and validated so as to differentiate high-risk or low-risk patients with SCLC. The prognostic predictive performance of immune risk score model was better than single immune biomarker (area under the curve 0.671 vs 0.621–0.644). High Gal-9-related enrichment pathways in SCLC were enriched in immune system diseases and rheumatic disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with SCLC with low immune risk score presented higher fractions of activated memory CD4 T cells than patients with high immune risk score (p=0.048). Conclusions Gal-9 is markedly related to tumor-immune microenvironment and immune infiltration in SCLC. This study emphasized the predictive value and promising clinical applications of Gal-9 in stage I–III SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Characterisation of endogenous Galectin-1 and -9 expression in monocyte and macrophage subsets under resting and inflammatory conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yin J, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Y. Increased Galectin-9 expression, a prognostic biomarker of aGVHD, regulates the immune response through the Galectin-9 induced MDSC pathway after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106929. [PMID: 32889240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding soluble lectin family member that exerts its primary biological functions via specific glycoconjugate interactions. Gal-9 expression is closely related to tumor occurrence, development, metastasis and prognosis. In transplant immunology, a high level of Gal-9 expression has been shown to markedly reduce the severity of acute graft rejection and effectively prolong survival time in organ and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models. The main mechanism of Gal-9-mediated immunoregulation involves the Tim-3/Gal-9 axis in T cells. However, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation in transgenic mice with persistently high Gal-9 expression was observed in a model of lung inflammation, indicating that a potential immunosuppressive mechanism distinct from the Gal-9/Tim-3 axis might exist. In the present study, increased Gal-9 expression and MDSC frequencies before acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) onset were observed in patients who developed aGVHD. Patients with higher Gal-9 expression (≥14.8417 ng/ml) exhibited reduced overall survival and increased cumulative incidences of GVHD at +100 day. We considered the elevated Gal-9 expression before aGVHD onset a secondary inflammatory response. This increase might be part of a negative feedback pathway corresponding to aGVHD pathogenesis. Additionally, a high Gal-9 concentration induced MDSC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Gal-9-induced MDSCs (G9-MDSCs) suppressed T cell proliferation and activation. An infusion of G9-MDSCs into a graft contributed to the successful control of severe aGVHD and long-term survival in an allogeneic (allo)-BMT mouse model. Thus, we speculated that increased Gal-9 expression after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential prognostic biomarker of aGVHD. The Gal-9-associated immunosuppressive effects on aGVHD development might occurr through G9-MDSCs and were independent of the Gal-9/Tim-3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ma W, Bi J, Wu H, Zhang G. An Amphiphilic Micromolecule Self-Assembles into Vesicles for Visualized and Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1562-1566. [PMID: 32832024 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Described here is the first example of the construction of multifunctional drug delivery systems by employing an amphiphilic micromolecule. The intrinsic aggregation-induced emissive and tumor-targeting amphiphilic conjugate of β-d-galactose with tetraphenylethene (TPE-Gal), in which the hydrophobic TPE moiety spontaneously acts as the imaging chromophore and the hydrophilic Gal moiety spontaneously acts as the targeting ligand and galactosidase trigger, can self-assemble into fluorescent vesicles that can efficiently load both water-soluble and -insoluble anticancer drugs. In vitro and in vivo evaluations revealed that the pH/β-d-galactosidase dual-responsive doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded vesicles TPE-Gal@DOX exhibited good targeting effect and higher antitumor efficacy than free DOX. H&E staining analysis displayed remarkable necroses and weak cell proliferation in the tumor area and no toxicity to major organs, indicating the superior targeting antitumor therapeutic efficacy of TPE-Gal@DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Prato CA, Carabelli J, Campetella O, Tribulatti MV. Galectin-8 Enhances T cell Response by Promotion of Antigen Internalization and Processing. iScience 2020; 23:101278. [PMID: 32619699 PMCID: PMC7334376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a mammalian lectin endowed with immunostimulatory ability. In the present work, we demonstrate that Gal-8-glycan interactions on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) promote antigen binding and internalization, independently from antigen nature. Both Gal-8 and antigen were together internalized and localized in early endosomes. Interestingly, antigen processing by APCs was also accelerated in the presence of Gal-8 as a separate mechanism, distinct from the increased antigen internalization. Moreover, APCs pulsed together with antigen and Gal-8 were able to activate cognate CD4+ T cells more efficiently than those pulsed with antigen alone. This enhanced antigen presentation was still evident in the absence of costimulatory signals and APCs-derived soluble mediators. Therefore, our results provide evidence for as yet unrecognized mechanism by which Gal-8 stimulates the elicitation of the immune response in a lectin-dependent manner, by inducing antigen uptake and processing upon lattice formation at APCs surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arahí Prato
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina.
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Galectins in the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Galectin-1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:17-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abu El‐Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Allegaert E, Siddiquei MM, Alam K, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Galectin-1 studies in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e1-e12. [PMID: 31318490 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galectin-1 regulates endothelial cell function and promotes angiogenesis. We investigated the hypothesis that galectin-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS Vitreous samples from 36 PDR and 20 nondiabetic patients, epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from 13 patients with PDR, rat retinas and human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In vitro angiogenesis assays were performed and the adherence of leukocytes to galectin-1-stimulated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was assessed. RESULTS The ELISA analysis revealed that galectin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly higher in vitreous samples from PDR patients than in those from nondiabetics (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of galectin-1 and VEGF (r = 0.354; p = 0.022). In epiretinal membranes, immunohistochemical analysis showed that galectin-1 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells expressing CD31, myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin and leukocytes expressing CD45. The galectin-1 receptor neuropilin-1 was expressed on vascular endothelial cells. CD31 staining was used as a marker to assess microvessel density (MVD). Significant positive correlation was detected between MVD in epiretinal membranes and the number of blood vessels expressing galectin-1 (r = 0.848; p < 0.001). Western blot analysis demonstrated significant increase of galectin-1 protein in rat retinas after induction of diabetes. ELISA analysis revealed that hydrogen peroxide and cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) induced upregulation of galectin-1 in Müller cells. Treatment with galectin-1 induced upregulation of VEGF in Müller cells and increased leukocyte adhesion to HRMECs. The galectin-1 inhibitor OTX008 attenuated VEGF-induced HRMECs migration and CoCl2 -induced upregulation of NF-κB, galectin-1 and VEGF in Müller cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that galectin-1is involved in the pathogenesis of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El‐Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al‐Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry University of Leuven KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Kaiser Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry University of Leuven KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Leuven KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Holderried TAW, de Vos L, Bawden EG, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Zarbl R, Bootz F, Kristiansen G, Brossart P, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. Molecular and immune correlates of TIM-3 (HAVCR2) and galectin 9 (LGALS9) mRNA expression and DNA methylation in melanoma. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:161. [PMID: 31747929 PMCID: PMC6868848 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 receptor TIM-3 (also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2, encoded by HAVCR2) and its ligand galectin 9 (LGALS9) are promising targets for immune checkpoint inhibition immunotherapies. However, little is known about epigenetic regulation of the encoding genes. This study aimed to investigate the association of TIM-3 and LGALS9 DNA methylation with gene expression, patients' survival, as well as molecular and immune correlates in malignant melanoma. RESULTS Methylation of all six TIM-3 CpGs correlated significantly with TIM-3 mRNA levels (P ≤ 0.05). A strong inverse correlation (Spearman's ρ = - 0.49) was found in promoter regions, while a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.63) was present in the gene body of TIM-3. High TIM-3 mRNA expression (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.81-0.97], P = 0.007) was significantly associated with better overall survival. Seven of the eight LGALS9 CpG sites correlated significantly with LGALS9 mRNA levels (P ≤ 0.003). Methylation at five CpG sites showed a strong inverse correlation (Spearman's ρ = - 0.67) and at two sites a weak positive correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.15). High LGALS9 mRNA expression was significantly associated with increased overall survival (HR = 0.83, 95%CI [0.75-0.93], P = 0.001). In addition, we found significant correlations between TIM-3 and LGALS9 methylation and mRNA expression with immune cell infiltrates and significant differences among distinct immune cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our study points toward an epigenetic regulation of TIM-3 and LGALS9 via DNA methylation and might provide an avenue for the development of a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A W Holderried
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emma Grace Bawden
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Tribulatti MV, Carabelli J, Prato CA, Campetella O. Galectin-8 in the onset of the immune response and inflammation. Glycobiology 2019; 30:134-142. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of mammalian lectins, have emerged as key regulators of the immune response, being implicated in several physiologic and pathologic conditions. Lately, there is increasing data regarding the participation of Galectin-8 (Gal-8) in both the adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as its high expression in inflammatory disorders. Here, we focus on the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of Gal-8 and discuss the potential use of this lectin in order to shape the immune response, according to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cecilia A Prato
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Evavold B, Roback E, Kamili NA, Stowell CS, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Van Ry PM, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Stowell SR. The Sweet-Side of Leukocytes: Galectins as Master Regulators of Neutrophil Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1762. [PMID: 31440233 PMCID: PMC6693361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among responders to microbial invasion, neutrophils represent one of the earliest and perhaps most important factors that contribute to initial host defense. Effective neutrophil immunity requires their rapid mobilization to the site of infection, which requires efficient extravasation, activation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and eventual killing of potential microbial pathogens. Following pathogen elimination, neutrophils must be eliminated to prevent additional host injury and subsequent exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Galectins, expressed in nearly every tissue and regulated by unique sensitivity to oxidative and proteolytic inactivation, appear to influence nearly every aspect of neutrophil function. In this review, we will examine the impact of galectins on neutrophils, with a particular focus on the unique biochemical traits that allow galectin family members to spatially and temporally regulate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Robinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Birk Evavold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ethan Roback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caleb S Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Zhang H, Ippel H, Miller MC, Wong TJ, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Pieters RJ. Hybrid ligands with calixarene and thiodigalactoside groups: galectin binding and cytotoxicity. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019; 6:2981-2990. [PMID: 34912566 PMCID: PMC8612729 DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galectins have diverse functions and are involved in many biological processes because of their complex intra- and extracellular activities. Selective and potent inhibitors for galectins will be valuable tools to investigate the biological functions of these proteins. Therefore, we describe here the synthesis of galectin inhibitors with a potential "chelate effect". These compounds are designed to bind to two different binding sites on galectins simultaneously. In this paper a series of asymmetric "hybrid" compounds are prepared, which combine two galectin ligands (1) a substituted thiodigalactoside derivative and (2) an antagonist calixarene-based therapeutic agent. NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the interactions of these compounds with Galectin-1 and -3. In addition, cellular experiments were conducted to compare the cytotoxic effects of the hybrids with those of a calixarene derivative. While only the thiodigalactoside part of the hybrids showed strong binding, the calixarene part was responsible for observed cytoxoxicity effects, suggesting that the calixarene moiety may also be addressing a non-galectin target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082 NL-3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Tse J Wong
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80082 NL-3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
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Ou HC, Chou WC, Hung CH, Chu PM, Hsieh PL, Chan SH, Tsai KL. Galectin-3 aggravates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction through LOX-1 mediated signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:825-835. [PMID: 30963716 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a biomarker linking oxidative stress and inflammation, participates in different mechanisms related to atherothrombosis, such as inflammation, proliferation, or macrophage chemotaxis. Accumulating evidence indicates that galectin-3 may also promote atherogenesis through inducing endothelial dysfunction. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a receptor for oxLDL uptake, contributes to oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Whether galectin-3 induces endothelial dysfunction through modulation of LOX-1-mediated signaling remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms underlying galectin-3 enhanced cytotoxicity of oxLDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of LOX-1. Incubation of HUVECs with galectin-3 increased the expression of LOX-1 in RNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of LOX-1 induced by oxLDL was promoted by galectin-3. However, pretreatment of LOX-1 antibody reduced LOX-1 mRNA expression level in cells with oxLDL plus galectin-3 incubation. Compared to cells treated with oxLDL alone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and subsequent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases followed by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and related inflammatory responses including adhesion molecule expression, adhesiveness of monocytic cells, and IL-8 release were also aggravated in cells treated with galectin-3 combined with oxLDL. Compared to cells treated with galectin-3 plus oxLDL group. We found that LOX-1 antibody mitigated NADPH oxidase activity, p-38 up-regulation, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory responses in cells treated with galectin-3 combined with oxLDL. We conclude that galectin-3 enhances endothelial LOX-1 expression and propose a new mechanism by which galectin-3 may promote endothelial dysfunction by inducing inflammation via LOX-1/ROS/p38/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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