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Vanizor Kural B, Azi Mohamed S, Kör S, Arıkan Malkoç M, Yuluğ E, Hajizadeh Tekmeh H, Örem A. Caution may be required in using l-theanine in diabetes mellitus: A study on the rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:170-178. [PMID: 37199135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to identify the effects of l-theanine on kidney and heart tissues in diabetic rats. 24 male rats included in the study were divided into 4 groups (n = 6/group): SHAM, LTEA, DM and DM + LTEA. For 28 days, drinking water was given to SHAM and DM, and LTEA (200 mg/kg/day) to LTEA and DM + LTEA groups, intragastrically. DM was induced by 120 mg/kg nicotinamide (NA) + 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The levels of cystatin C (CysC) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were determined by ELISA kits, homocysteine, electrolytes and iron by an autoanalyzer, the ratio of oxidized/total reduced glutathione (GSSG/TGSH) by assay kits. The tissues were histopathologically analyzed. RESULTS LTEA alleviated histopathological degenerations. However, it decreased significantly serum iron and homocysteine levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION LTEA did not exhibit significant protective effects on kidney and heart tissues; it may have affected the homocysteine and iron metabolisms in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgül Vanizor Kural
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Sabrina Azi Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Sevil Kör
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Arıkan Malkoç
- Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Esin Yuluğ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Hamed Hajizadeh Tekmeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Asım Örem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
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2
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Phosphodiesterase 4D contributes to angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through smooth muscle cell apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1201-1213. [PMID: 35999453 PMCID: PMC9440214 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent expansion of the abdominal aorta that has a high mortality but limited treatment options. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 family members are cAMP-specific hydrolyzing enzymes and have four isoforms (PDE4A-PDE4D). Several pan-PDE4 inhibitors are used clinically. However, the regulation and function of PDE4 in AAA remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that PDE4D expression is upregulated in human and angiotensin II-induced mouse AAA tissues using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific Pde4d knockout mice showed significantly reduced vascular destabilization and AAA development in an experimental AAA model. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram also suppressed vascular pathogenesis and AAA formation in mice. In addition, PDE4D deficiency inhibited caspase 3 cleavage and SMC apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, as shown by bulk RNA-seq, western blotting, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDE4D promotes apoptosis by suppressing the activation of cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) instead of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Additionally, the phosphorylation of BCL2-antagonist of cell death (Bad) was reversed by PDE4D siRNA in vitro, which indicates that PDE4D regulates SMC apoptosis via the cAMP-PKA-pBad axis. Overall, these findings indicate that PDE4D upregulation in SMCs plays a causative role in AAA development and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Zhou Y, Li W, Huang Y. A low serum uric acid concentration predicts a poor prognosis in adult patients with candidemia. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1077-1083. [PMID: 35794998 PMCID: PMC9186511 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relation of serum uric acid (UA) level with outcomes in adults with candidemia. Medical records of patients with candidemia treated from 2014 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were age- and sex-matched with healthy control subjects. The associations of UA and cystatin C (CysC) levels with diagnosis and prognosis of candidemia were determined. Sixty-four patients with candidemia (13 females and 51 males; mean age 48.5 years) and 64 matched control subjects were included. The median UA level of patients with candidemia was 255 μmol/L (range, 158–395 μmol/L), and of healthy controls was 398 μmol/L (range, 345–450 μmol/L) (P < 0.001). The median CysC level of patients with candidemia was 1.07 mg/L (range, 0.89–1.59 mg/L), and of the healthy controls was 0.82 mg/L (range, 0.74–0.95 mg/L) (P < 0.001). Patients with a favorable prognosis had significantly higher serum UA levels than those with a poor prognosis (181 μmol/L vs 344 μmol/L; P = 0.001). It was indicated that the estimated OR for UA was significantly > 1 (P = 0.009), and the AUC was 0.734. In summary, a lower serum UA level is associated with a diagnosis of candidemia, and a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P.R. China
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4
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Cao B, Luo M, Li J, Lu Y, Chang Y, Chen Z, Li R, Hu B, Lu Z, Qiu W, Shu Y. Cerebrospinal fluid cystatin C levels in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and other neurological diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 369:577900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rombouts KB, van Merrienboer TAR, Ket JCF, Bogunovic N, van der Velden J, Yeung KK. The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13697. [PMID: 34698377 PMCID: PMC9285394 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic aneurysms (AA) are pathological dilations of the aorta, associated with an overall mortality rate up to 90% in case of rupture. In addition to dilation, the aortic layers can separate by a tear within the layers, defined as aortic dissections (AD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) are the predominant cell type within the aortic wall and dysregulation of vSMC functions contributes to AA and AD development and progression. However, since the exact underlying mechanism is poorly understood, finding potential therapeutic targets for AA and AD is challenging and surgery remains the only treatment option. METHODS In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vSMC functions within the aortic wall and give an overview of how vSMC functions are altered in AA and AD pathogenesis, organized per anatomical location (abdominal or thoracic aorta). RESULTS Important functions of vSMC in healthy or diseased conditions are apoptosis, phenotypic switch, extracellular matrix regeneration and degradation, proliferation and contractility. Stressors within the aortic wall, including inflammatory cell infiltration and (epi)genetic changes, modulate vSMC functions and cause disturbance of processes within vSMC, such as changes in TGF-β signalling and regulatory RNA expression. CONCLUSION This review underscores a central role of vSMC dysfunction in abdominal and thoracic AA and AD development and progression. Further research focused on vSMC dysfunction in the aortic wall is necessary to find potential targets for noninvasive AA and AD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn B Rombouts
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara A R van Merrienboer
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Chen Y, Wei X, Zhang Z, He Y, Huo B, Guo X, Feng X, Fang ZM, Jiang DS, Zhu XH. Downregulation of Filamin a Expression in the Aorta Is Correlated With Aortic Dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:690846. [PMID: 34485398 PMCID: PMC8414519 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamins (FLNs) are actin cross-linking proteins, and as scaffolding proteins, FLNs are closely associated with the stabilization of the cytoskeleton. Nevertheless, the biological importance of FLNs in aortic dissection (AD) has not been well-elucidated. In this study, we first reanalyzed datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and we found that in addition to the extracellular matrix, the actin cytoskeleton is a key structure associated with AD. Given that FLNs are involved in remodeling the cytoskeleton to affect cellular functions, we measured their expression levels in the aortas of patients with Stanford type A AD (TAAD). Our results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of FLNA were consistently decreased in dissected aortas of both humans and mice, while the FLNB protein level was upregulated despite decreased FLNB mRNA levels, and comparable expression levels of FLNC were observed between groups. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that FLNA was highly expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of aorta in non-AD samples, and downregulated in the medial layer of the dissected aortas of humans and mice. Moreover, we revealed that FOS and JUN, forming a dimeric transcription factor called AP-1 (activating protein-1), were positively correlated with the expression of FLNA in aorta. Either overexpression of FOS or JUN alone, or overexpression of FOS and JUN together, facilitated the expression of FLNA in primary cultured human aortic SMCs. In the present study, we not only detected the expression pattern of FLNs in aortas of humans and mice with or without AD, but we also found that the expression of FLNA in the AD samples was significantly reduced and that AP-1 might regulate the expression of FLNA. Our findings will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological mechanisms of AD and provide potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi He
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Min Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Hai Zhu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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7
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Zheng X, She HD, Zhang QX, Si T, Wu KS, Xiao YX. Cystatin C predicts the risk of incident cerebrovascular disease in the elderly: A meta-analysis on survival date studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26617. [PMID: 34260548 PMCID: PMC8284707 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the third leading cause of global year of life lost in all-age and second-ranked cause of disability adjusted life years in middle-aged and elder population. Therefore, it is critical to study the relationship between vascular-related risk factors and cerebrovascular diseases. Several cross-sectional studies have shown that Cystatin C (Cys C) is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases and levels of Cys C are significantly higher in stroke patients than in healthy individuals. In this meta-analysis, we introduce a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the causality between Cys C and the risk of cerebrovascular accident in the elderly. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from 1985 to 2019 for studies on the relationship between serum Cys C and incidence stroke with Cox proportional hazards models. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the selected studies to determine a connection between atherosclerosis and stroke. Finally, 7 research studies, including 26,768 patients without a history of cerebrovascular, were studied. RESULTS After comparing the maximum and minimum Cys C levels, the hazard ratio for all types of stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.31) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 43.0%; P = .119) in a fixed-effect model after pooled adjustment for other potential risk factors. In the subgroup analysis, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for Cys C stratified by atherosclerosis was 1.85 (0.97-2.72). As shown in Egger linear regression test, there was no distinct publication bias (P = .153). CONCLUSION Increased serum Cys C is significantly associated with future stroke events in the elderly, especially in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Thus, serum levels of Cys C could serve as a predicted biomarker for stroke attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Hong-da She
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Qiao-xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Tong Si
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Ku-sheng Wu
- Department of Public and preventive medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-xiu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
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XIST knockdown suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating miR-1264/WNT5A/β-catenin signaling in aneurysm. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227680. [PMID: 33501488 PMCID: PMC7960886 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been ascertained as vital modulators in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In this research, the function and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the evolution of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assessed. Results showed that XIST expression was increased but miR-1264 expression level was reduced in the serum of AAA patients. XIST depletion impeded human aorta VSMCs (HA-VSMCs’) ability to proliferate and stimulate apoptosis, while repressing miR-1264 expression through an unmediated interaction. Additionally, the influence of XIST knockdown on apoptosis and proliferation could be rescued by an miR-1264 inhibitor. Subsequent molecular investigations indicated that WNT5A was miR-1264’s target, and XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-1264 to raise WNT5A expression. Further, an miR-1264 inhibitor stimulated the proliferation and suppressed the apoptosis of HA-VSMCs through the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, XIST impeded the apoptosis and stimulated the proliferation of HA-VSMCs via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway through miR-1264, demonstrating XIST’s underlying role in AAA.
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Specific inhibition of SHP2 suppressed abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice by augmenting the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Life Sci 2020; 265:118751. [PMID: 33189823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To address the roles of SHP2 in regulating angiotensin II (Ang II) induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and the potential molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS AAA model was established in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice infused with Ang II. Suprarenal aortic luminal diameters were ultrasonically measured to determine the presentation of AAA in mice. The inflammatory and immunosuppressive factors in serum were detected by ELISA. AAA lesion size, positive macrophages and elastic laminae degradation were examined by histological analysis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were measured by flow cytometry after magnetic bead sorting. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to screen the crucial genes related the progression of AAA. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with PHPS1 (SHP2 inhibitor) significantly decreased the vascular diameter of AAA. Histological analysis showed that PHPS1 obviously reduced the Masson positive area, macrophages positive area, as well as the damage rate of elastic laminae. Moreover, PHPS1 suppressed the expression of INF-γ, TNF-α and MMPs, as well as elevated IL-10 and arginase-1 expression. Additionally, PHPS1 enhanced the expression of granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs). By consulting with bioinformatics, STAT3 was selected. In G-MDSCs, PHPS1 stimulation obviously increased the phosphorylation level of STAT3, as well as elevated the protein expression of C/EBPβ and arginase-1. However, the above phenomena can be blocked after Stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) treatment. SIGNIFICANCE SHP2 may affect the AAA progression by interfering with expansion and function of MDSCs to regulate the body immunity, which might afford a novel direction for the treatment of patients with AAA.
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Karakus A, Tütüncü A, Çamcı S, Uğuz B, Özmen G, Arı H, Demir M. A New Perspective for Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia: Cystatin C. Cureus 2020; 12:e11053. [PMID: 33224650 PMCID: PMC7676437 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiology of isolated coronary artery ectasia (iCAE) has not been clearly identified, although multiple abnormalities, including arteritis, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular destruction, have been reported. In this study, we aimed to analyze serum cystatin C concentrations in patients with iCAE and controls. Methods Forty-seven patients with iCAE (mean age: 55.9 ± 11.5) and 32 individuals with normal coronary angiography (mean age: 57.8.1 ± 9.6) were included in the study. Plasma cystatin C levels were measured by using the principle of particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA). Results Serum cystatin C concentrations were significantly lower in patients with iCAE compared with the control group (0.98 ± 0.17 mg/L versus 1.17 ± 2.6 mg/L, p-value = 0.001). A significantly positive relationship was found between serum cystatin C levels and creatinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in both groups (r-value = 0.288, p-value = 0.005, r-value = 0.143, p-value = 0.007, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum cystatin C level found to be a significant predictor for the presence of iCAE (OR: 0.837, CI: 95% (0.341 - 1.637), p-value = 0.013). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined that a cystatin C value < 1.02 mg/L had a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 78% for the prediction of ectasia. Conclusion We conclude that cystatin C independently can be a useful predictor for the presence of iCAE.
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11
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Zhang H, Yang D, Chen S, Li F, Cui L, Liu Z, Shao J, Chen Y, Liu B, Zheng Y. Identification of potential proteases for abdominal aortic aneurysm by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Genome 2020; 63:561-575. [PMID: 32783773 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which contributes to the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). To identify new disease targets in addition to the results of previous microarray studies, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the whole transcriptome of Angiotensin II-treated ApoE-/- male mice (n = 4) and control mice (n = 4) to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Identified DEGs of proteases were analyzed using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). RT-qPCR was conducted to validate the differential expression of selected hub genes. We found that 43 DEGs were correlated with the expression of the protease profile, and most were clustered in immune response module. Among 26 hub genes, we found that Mmp16 and Mmp17 were significantly downregulated in AAA mice, while Ctsa, Ctsc, and Ctsw were upregulated. Our functional annotation analysis of genes coexpressed with the five hub genes indicated that Ctsw and Mmp17 were involved in T cell regulation and Cell adhesion molecule pathway, respectively, and that both were involved in general regulation of the cell cycle and gene expression. Overall, our data suggest that these ectopic genes are potentially crucial to AAA formation and may act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Fangda Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Liu CL, Liu X, Wang Y, Deng Z, Liu T, Sukhova GK, Wojtkiewicz GR, Tang R, Zhang JY, Achilefu S, Nahrendorf M, Libby P, Wang X, Shi GP. Reduced Nhe1 (Na +-H + Exchanger-1) Function Protects ApoE-Deficient Mice From Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Hypertension 2020; 76:87-100. [PMID: 32475310 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated activation of Nhe1 (Na+-H+ exchanger-1) induces aortic cell extracellular acidification and promotes cell apoptosis. A pH-sensitive probe pHrodo identified acidic regions at positions of macrophage accumulation, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in human and mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions. Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced AAA in Nhe1-insufficient Apoe-/-Nhe1+/- mice and Apoe-/-Nhe1+/+ littermates tested Nhe1 activity in experimental AAA, because Nhe1-/- mice develop ataxia and epileptic-like seizures and die early. Nhe1 insufficiency reduced AAA incidence and size, lesion macrophage and T-cell accumulation, collagen deposition, elastin fragmentation, cell apoptosis, smooth muscle cell loss, and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity. Nhe1 insufficiency also reduced blood pressure and the plasma apoptosis marker TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) but did not affect plasma IgE. While pHrodo localized the acidic regions to macrophage clusters, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in AAA lesions from Apoe-/-Nhe1+/+ mice, such acidic areas were much smaller in lesions from Apoe-/-Nhe1+/- mice. Nhe1-FcεR1 colocalization in macrophages from AAA lesions support a role of IgE-mediated Nhe1 activation. Gelatin zymography, immunoblot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that Nhe1 insufficiency reduced the MMP activity, cysteinyl cathepsin expression, IgE-induced apoptosis, and NF-κB activation in macrophages and blocked IgE-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells. A near-infrared fluorescent probe (LS662) together with fluorescence reflectance imaging of intact aortas showed reduced acidity in AAA lesions from Nhe-1-insufficient mice. This study revealed extracellular acidity at regions rich in macrophages, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in human and mouse AAA lesions and established a direct role of Nhe1 in AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.R.W., M.N.)
| | - Rui Tang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (R.T., S.A.)
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.)
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (R.T., S.A.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
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Maniwa K, Yano S, Sheikh AM, Onoda K, Mitaki S, Isomura M, Mishima S, Yamaguchi S, Nabika T, Nagai A. Association between cystatin C gene polymorphism and the prevalence of white matter lesion in elderly healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4688. [PMID: 32170118 PMCID: PMC7069982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin C (CST3) is a cysteine protease inhibitor abundant in the central nervous system, and demonstrated to have roles in several pathophysiological processes including vascular remodeling and inflammation. Previously, we showed a relation of CST3 gene polymorphisms with deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH) in a small case-control study. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation in a larger cross-sectional study. Participants of a brain health examination program were recruited (n = 1795) in the study, who underwent routine blood tests and cognitive function tests. Cerebral white matter changes were analyzed by MRI. Additionally, 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−82G/C, −78T/G, −5G/A, +4A/C, +87C/T, +148G/A and +213G/A) in the promoter and coding regions of CST3 gene were examined. Among them, carriers of the minor allele haplotype −82C/+4C/+148A were significantly associated with decreased CST3 concentration in the plasma. Unadjusted analysis did not show significant relation between carriers of the minor allele haplotype and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), but DSWMH was marginally (p < 0.054) increased in this group. After adjusting the effects of other variables like age and kidney function, logistic regression analysis revealed that carriers of the minor allele haplotype were at a significantly increased risk of developing both PVH and DSWMH. Thus, our results suggest that carriers of the minor allele haplotype −82C/+4C/+148A of CST3 gene could be at an increased risk to develop cerebral white matter disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Maniwa
- Central Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Abdullah Md Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Onoda
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shingo Mitaki
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Shimane University Faculty of Human Sciences, Matsue, Japan
| | - Seiji Mishima
- Central Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Liu B, Granville DJ, Golledge J, Kassiri Z. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H652-H670. [PMID: 32083977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison Wisconsin
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre and University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital and Health Services, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- University of Alberta, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gao R, Liu D, Guo W, Ge W, Fan T, Li B, Gao P, Liu B, Zheng Y, Wang J. Meprin-α (Mep1A) enhances TNF-α secretion by mast cells and aggravates abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2872-2885. [PMID: 32072633 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abdominal aorticaneurysm (AAA) rupture is mainly due to elastic lamina degradation. As a metalloendopeptidase, meprin-α (Mep1A) critically modulates the activity of proteins and inflammatory cytokines in various diseases. Here, we sought to investigate the functional role of Mep1A in AAA formation and rupture. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AAA tissues were detected by using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Further mechanistic studies used RT-PCR, WB, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. KEY RESULTS Mep1A mediated AAA formation by regulating the mast cell (MC) secretion of TNF-α, which promoted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and apoptosis in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Importantly, increased Mep1A expression was found in human AAA tissues and in angiotensin II-induced mouse AAA tissues. Mep1A deficiency reduced AAA formation and increased the survival rate of AAA mice. Pathological analysis showed that Mep1A deletion decreased elastic lamina degradation and SMC apoptosis in AAA tissues. Furthermore, Mep1A was expressed mainly in MCs, wherein it mediated TNF-α expression. Mep1A inhibitor actinonin significantly inhibited TNF-α secretion in MCs. TNF-α secreted by MCs enhanced MMP2 expression in SMCs and promoted SMC apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these data suggest that Mep1A may be vital in AAA pathophysiology by regulating TNF-α production by MCs. Knocking out Mep1A significantly decreased AAA diameter and improved AAA stability in mice. Therefore, Mep1A is a potential new therapeutic target in the development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Shi GP. Cysteinyl cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140360. [PMID: 31926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsins are lysosomal/endosomal proteases that mediate bulk protein degradation in these intracellular acidic compartments. Yet, studies indicate that these proteases also appear in the nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space. Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) show increased levels of cathepsins in the heart, aorta, and plasma. Plasma cathepsins often serve as biomarkers or risk factors of CVD. In aortic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysms, cathepsins play pathogenic roles, but many of the same cathepsins are cardioprotective in hypertensive, hypertrophic, and infarcted hearts. During the development of CVD, cathepsins are regulated by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hypertensive stimuli, oxidative stress, and many others. Cathepsin activities in inflammatory molecule activation, immunity, cell migration, cholesterol metabolism, neovascularization, cell death, cell signaling, and tissue fibrosis all contribute to CVD and are reviewed in this article in memory of Dr. Nobuhiko Katunuma for his contribution to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
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17
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He X, Wang S, Li M, Zhong L, Zheng H, Sun Y, Lai Y, Chen X, Wei G, Si X, Han Y, Huang S, Li X, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 induces abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by promoting smooth muscle apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5558-5576. [PMID: 31534503 PMCID: PMC6735383 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve as specific targets for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). LncRNA GAS5, functionally associated with smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis and proliferation, is likely involved in AAA formation, but the exact role of GAS5 in AAA is unknown. We thus explored the contribution of GAS5 to SMC-regulated AAA formation and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Human specimens were used to verify the diverse expression of GAS5 in normal and AAA tissues. The angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA model in ApoE-/- mice and the CaCl2-induced AAA model in wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed in human aortic SMCs to detect the interaction between GAS5 and its downstream targets of protein or microRNA (miR). Results: GAS5 expression was significantly upregulated in human AAA specimens and two murine AAA models compared to human normal aortas and murine sham-operated controls. GAS5 overexpression induced SMC apoptosis and repressed its proliferation, thereby promoting AAA formation in two murine AAA models. Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) was identified as a direct target of GAS5 while it also formed a positive feedback loop with GAS5 to regulate the downstream target p21. Furthermore, GAS5 acted as a miR-21 sponge to release phosphatase and tensin homolog from repression, which blocked the activation and phosphorylation of Akt to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in SMCs. Conclusion: The LncRNA GAS5 contributes to SMC survival during AAA formation. Thus, GAS5 might serve as a novel target against AAA.
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Liu Y, Jiao Y, He Y, Ding X, Su Q, Zhao Y, Jiang J. Expression levels of cathepsin L and cystatin C in a hyperglycemic environment were associated with aortic aneurysm development in a mouse model. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2499-2506. [PMID: 31096818 PMCID: PMC6567726 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519847880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) attenuates the development of aortic aneurysms (AA). This study investigated the expression of cathepsin L and cystatin C in a hyperglycemic environment, and the influence of these proteins on AA development. Methods Mice were divided into AA and DM+AA groups (n=30 per group). DM was induced by injection of streptozotocin; AA was induced by injection of angiotensin II. Doppler examination was used to measure aortic diameter, and Weigert’s elastic stain was used to detect elastin degradation. Cathepsin L and cystatin C in aortic tissue were examined by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction. Results Aortic diameter in the DM+AA group was less than that in the AA group, and elastin fragmentation grade of the aortic wall was reduced in the DM+AA group. More cathepsin L-positive cells were observed in the AA group than in the DM+AA group; conversely, more cystatin C-positive cells were observed in the DM+AA group than in the AA group. Both protein and mRNA levels of cathepsin L and cystatin C showed similar trends to those observed in immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Expression levels of cathepsin L and cystatin C in a hyperglycemic environment were associated with AA development in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- 3 Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiu Ding
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbo Su
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Benndorf RA. Renal Biomarker and Angiostatic Mediator? Cystatin C as a Negative Regulator of Vascular Endothelial Cell Homeostasis and Angiogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010997. [PMID: 30571391 PMCID: PMC6404208 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
See Article by Li et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Benndorf
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
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20
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Li T, Jiang B, Li X, Sun HY, Li XT, Jing JJ, Yang J. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a valuable biomarker for identification of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm: a case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:202. [PMID: 30373522 PMCID: PMC6206716 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm. However, few studies have assessed serum MMP9 levels in both abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). In this study, we investigated the serum levels of MMP9 in aortic aneurysm to evaluate its predictive and diagnostic efficacy for AAA and TAA, and explored the association of MMP9 with circulating laboratory markers. Methods A total of 296 subjects were enrolled, including 105 AAA patients, 79 TAA patients and 112 healthy controls. The levels of serum MMP9 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared to control group, both AAA and TAA patients had higher serum MMP9 levels in the overall comparison and subgroup analysis based on subjects aged<65 years, either male or female, hypertension, non-diabetes and non-hyperlipidemia (all P<0.05). Moreover, MMP9 levels were significantly higher in TAA group than those in AAA group in the total comparison, and this discrepancy was also found in the non-diabetes, non-hyperlipidemia and aortic diameter ≥ 5.5 cm subgroup analysis. Serum MMP9 levels were influenced by age and hypertension. There was a positive association of serum MMP9 with CRP (r = 0.33, P < 0.001) and Hcy (r = 0.199, P = 0.033). Multiple logistic analyses showed that serum MMP9 was an independent risk factor for AAA and TAA. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of MMP9 for predicting TAA was 0.83 with 70% sensitivity and 91% specificity, while the AUC of MMP9 to detect AAA was 0.69 and the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 88%. Conclusions Serum MMP9 was closely related to the existence of aortic aneurysms and could be a valuable marker for the discrimination of aortic aneurysm, especially for TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hai-Yang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin-Tong Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Wang Y, Liu CL, Lindholt JS, Shi GP, Zhang J. Plasma Cystatin B Association With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Need for Later Surgical Repair: A Sub-study of the VIVA Trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:826-832. [PMID: 30262158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) involves extensive extracellular matrix remodelling, leading to aortic wall weakening. This process is mediated by proteases, including cysteinyl cathepsins. Cystatins are their endogenous inhibitors. This study tested whether plasma cystatin B levels in patients with AAA differed from those of healthy controls. METHODS Plasma samples from patients with AAA and age matched controls were selected from the Viborg Vascular (VIVA) screening trial for AAA. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay determined plasma cystatin B. T-test, logistic regression, Pearson's correlation and Cox regression tested whether plasma cystatin B correlates with AAA size and growth rate, or serves as a marker for AAA. RESULTS Plasma cystatin B levels were significantly higher in patients with AAA than in controls (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that cystatin B tertile at baseline was associated with the presence of AAA before (odds ratio [OR] 1.656; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and previous ischaemic events (OR 1.526; p < 0.001). A t-test showed a significant association between cystatin B and PAD at screening, hospital diagnosis of COPD, previous atherosclerotic events, and use of low dose aspirin. Pearson's correlation test showed positive and significant associations between cystatin B and AAA size (r = 0.15; p < 0.001). Cox regression test showed that plasma cystatin B tertile at baseline was associated with later AAA surgical repair before (hazard ratio [HR] 1.387; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for PAD, COPD, previous ischaemic event, and maximum infrarenal aortic diameter (HR 1.523; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In contrast to prior studies that showed that cystatin C is negatively associated with AAA development, this study demonstrated a positive association between cystatin B and AAA size and associations between cystatin B tertile at baseline and AAA presence and need for later surgical repair. It is possible that these two cystatins inhibit cathepsin activity and participate in AAA with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Libby P. Biologically-Based Therapies for Aortic Diseases: Why the Long Lag in Translation? J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:58-61. [PMID: 29957232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Shu Y, Chang Y, Wu H, Li J, Cao B, Sun X, Wang J, Peng L, Hu X, Yu X, Qiu W. Serum cystatin C and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:515-522. [PMID: 29315460 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin C (CysC) is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmune diseases, but its relationship with anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is unknown. METHODS Serum levels of CysC were determined in 66 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 115 healthy controls. Of the 66 patients, 30 had a follow-up evaluation at 3 months after admission. Association of CysC with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its clinical parameters were evaluated in the patients. RESULTS The serum levels of CysC were significantly lower in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in controls (0.70 ± 0.13 vs 0.83 ± 0.17 mg/mL, P < .001). Disease severity and disease duration were significantly associated with CysC levels. Furthermore, a follow-up evaluation revealed that after treatment anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients had significantly increased serum CysC levels (P < .001) and significantly decreased modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores (P < .001) compared with before treatment. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between the change in CysC levels and the change in mRS scores (r = -.700, P < .001). CONCLUSION Our results show that the serum levels of CysC are associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its clinical parameters and that the changes in CysC levels correlate with therapeutic effect. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the association between serum CysC and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shu
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Chang
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - H. Wu
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - B. Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Sun
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - L. Peng
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Hu
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy; Research Center Borstel; Airway Research Center North (ARCN); German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Borstel Germany
| | - W. Qiu
- Department of Neurology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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24
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Liu CL, Guo J, Zhang X, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins in cardiovascular disease: from basic research to clinical trials. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15:351-370. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu H, Du Q, Dai Q, Ge J, Cheng X. Cysteine Protease Cathepsins in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:111-123. [PMID: 28978867 PMCID: PMC5827079 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by extensive arterial wall matrix protein degradation. Cysteine protease cathepsins play a pivotal role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases. An imbalance in expression between cathepsins (such as cathepsins S, K, L, C) and their inhibitor cystatin C may favor proteolysis of ECM in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, restenosis, and neovascularization. New insights into cathepsin functions have been made possible by the generation of knock-out mice and by the application of specific inhibitors. Inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression and activities of cathepsins in cultured vascular cells and macrophages. In addition, evaluations of the possibility of cathepsins as a diagnostic tool revealed that the circulating levels of cathepsin S, K, and L, and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C could be promising biomarkers in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, aneurysm, adiposity, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery calcification. In this review, we summarize the available information regarding the mechanistic contributions of cathepsins to ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Qiuna Du
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University
| | - Qiuyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xianwu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Khoshdel AR, Mousavi-Asl B, Shekarchi B, Amini K, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Arterial indices and serum cystatin C level in individuals with occupational wide band noise exposure. Noise Health 2016; 18:362-367. [PMID: 27991468 PMCID: PMC5227017 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.195810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to noise is known to cause a wide range of health problems including extracellular matrix (ECM) proliferation and involvement of cardiovascular system. There are a few studies to investigate noise-induced vascular changes using noninvasive methods. In this study we used carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and aortic augmentation as indices of arterial properties and cystatin C as a serum biomarker relating to ECM metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-three male participants were included in this study from aeronautic technicians: 39 with and 54 without a history of wide band noise (WBN) exposure. For better discrimination, the participants were divided into the two age groups: <40 and >40 years old. Adjusted aortic augmentation index (AI) for a heart rate equal to 75 beats per minute (AIx@HR75) were calculated using pulse wave analysis (PWA). CIMT was measured in 54 participants who accepted to undergo Doppler ultrasonography. Serum cystatin C was also measured. RESULTS Among younger individuals the mean CIMT was 0.85 ± 0.09 mm and 0.75 ± 0.22 mm in the in the exposed and the control groups respectively. Among older individuals CIMT had a mean of 1.04 ± 0.22 mm vs. 1.00 ± 0.25 mm for the exposed vs. the control group. However, in both age groups the difference was not significant at the 0.05 level. A comparison of AIx@HR75 between exposure group and control group both in younger age group (5.46 ± 11.22 vs. 8.56 ± 8.66) and older age group (17.55 ± 10.07 vs. 16.61 ± 5.77) revealed no significant difference. We did not find any significant correlation between CIMT and AIx@HR75 in exposed group (r = 0.314, P value = 0.145) but the correlation was significant in control group (r = 0.455, P value = 0.019). Serum cystatin C level was significantly lower in individuals with WBN exposure compared to controls (441.10 ± 104.70 ng/L vs. 616.89 ± 136.14, P value < 0.001) both in younger and older groups. CONCLUSION We could not find any evidence for the association of WBN exposure with arterial properties, but cystatin C was significantly lower in the exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R. Khoshdel
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benyamin Mousavi-Asl
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Benyamin Mousavi-Asl, Faculty of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Babak Shekarchi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Amini
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Wołoszko T, Skórski M, Kwasiborski P, Kmin E, Gałązka Z, Pogorzelski R. Influence of Selective Biochemical and Morphological Agents on Natural History of Aneurysm of Abdominal Aorta Development. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:431-7. [PMID: 26859744 PMCID: PMC4750727 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is probably influenced by many factors. The role of some of these factors, such as intraluminal thrombus (ILT) or cystatin C serum levels, remains controversial. Proving their influence could have therapeutic implications for some patients with AAA. Associations between the rate of increase in diameter of an aneurysm and ILT, as well as other factors, including biochemical factors (C-Reactive Protein - CRP, cystatin C), age, sex, and comorbidities, could predict disease progression in individual patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy patients with small AAA were included into the study. The patients were followed using ultrasound and CT imaging. We evaluated aneurysm dimensions and aneurysm wall thickness, as well as ILT and its dimensions, aneurysm wall morphology, CRP, and cystatin C. RESULTS We observed significant growth of AAA and thinning of aneurysmal wall. Aneurysms over 4 cm grew significantly faster in the second year of observation. ILT grew together with AAA size. Age, sex, smoking, dyslipidemias, or controlled arterial hypertension had no influence on aneurysm progression rate. Changes in serum of CRP concentration did not reach statistical significance, but cystatin C levels did. CONCLUSIONS Presence and size of ILT, wall thickness, and cystatin C levels may be considered in prediction of AAA progression. ILT might exert a protective influence on the risk of aneurysm rupture. However, larger aneurysms containing larger thrombi grow faster and their walls undergo more rapid degradation, which in turn increases the risk of rupture. This matter requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wołoszko
- Department of Endocrynology and General Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Skórski
- Department of Endocrynology and General Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kwasiborski
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Miedzyleski Regional Hospital Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kmin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gałązka
- Department of Endocrynology and General Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pogorzelski
- Department of Endocrynology and General Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu CL, Wang Y, Liao M, Wemmelund H, Ren J, Fernandes C, Zhou Y, Sukhova GK, Lindholt JS, Johnsen SP, Zhang JY, Cheng X, Huang X, Daugherty A, Levy BD, Libby P, Shi GP. Allergic Lung Inflammation Aggravates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:69-77. [PMID: 26543094 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) both involve inflammation. Patients with asthma have an increased risk of developing AAA or experiencing aortic rupture. This study tests the development of one disease on the progression of the other. APPROACH AND RESULTS Ovalbumin sensitization and challenge in mice led to the development of allergic lung inflammation (ALI). Subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II into mice produced AAA. Simultaneous production of ALI in AAA mice doubled abdominal aortic diameter and increased macrophage and mast cell content, arterial media smooth muscle cell loss, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in AAA lesions. ALI also increased plasma IgE, reduced plasma interleukin-5, and increased bronchioalveolar total inflammatory cell and eosinophil accumulation. Intraperitoneal administration of an anti-IgE antibody suppressed AAA lesion formation and reduced lesion inflammation, plasma IgE, and bronchioalveolar inflammation. Pre-establishment of ALI also increased AAA lesion size, lesion accumulation of macrophages and mast cells, media smooth muscle cell loss, and plasma IgE, reduced plasma interleukin-5, interleukin-13, and transforming growth factor-β, and increased bronchioalveolar inflammation. Consequent production of ALI also doubled lesion size of pre-established AAA and increased lesion mast cell and T-cell accumulation, media smooth muscle cell loss, lesion cell proliferation and apoptosis, plasma IgE, and bronchioalveolar inflammation. In periaortic CaCl2 injury-induced AAA in mice, production of ALI also increased AAA formation, lesion inflammation, plasma IgE, and bronchioalveolar inflammatory cell accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a pathological link between airway allergic disease and AAA. Production of one disease aggravates the progression of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Yi Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Mengyang Liao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Holger Wemmelund
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Cleverson Fernandes
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Yi Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Søren P Johnsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Xiang Cheng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Xiaozhu Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Bruce D Levy
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (C.-L.L., J.-Y.Z., G.-P.S.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., Y.W., M.L., J.R., C.F., Y.Z., G.K.S., B.D.L., P.L., G.-P.S.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (M.L., X.C.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (H.W.); Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (J.R.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (H.W., S.P.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (X.H.); and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D.).
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Angiotensin II-induced TLR4 mediated abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E knockout mice is dependent on STAT3. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:160-70. [PMID: 26299839 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in men over 65 years of age. Male apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice infused with angiotensin II (AngII) develop AAA. Although AngII stimulates both JAK/STAT and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways, their involvement in AngII mediated AAA formation is unclear. Here we used the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, the TLR4 inhibitor Eritoran and ApoE(-/-)TLR4(-/-) mice to evaluate the interaction between STAT3 and TLR4 signaling in AngII-induced AAA formation. ApoE(-/-) mice infused for 28 days with AngII developed AAAs and increased STAT3 activation and TLR4 expression. Moreover, AngII increased macrophage infiltration and the ratio of M1 (pro-inflammatory)/M2 (healing) macrophages in aneurysmal tissue as early as 7-10 days after AngII infusion. STAT3 inhibition with S3I-201 decreased the incidence and severity of AngII-induced AAA formation and decreased MMP activity and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages. Furthermore, AngII-mediated AAA formation, MMP secretion, STAT3 phosphorylation and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were markedly decreased in ApoE(-/-)TLR4(-/-) mice, and in Eritoran-treated ApoE(-/-) mice. TLR4 and pSTAT3 levels were also increased in human aneurysmal tissue. These data support a role of pSTAT3 in TLR4 dependent AAA formation and possible therapeutic roles for TLR4 and/or STAT3 inhibition in AAA.
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30
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Orlowski GM, Colbert JD, Sharma S, Bogyo M, Robertson SA, Rock KL. Multiple Cathepsins Promote Pro-IL-1β Synthesis and NLRP3-Mediated IL-1β Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1685-97. [PMID: 26195813 PMCID: PMC4530060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sterile particles induce robust inflammatory responses that underlie the pathogenesis of diseases like silicosis, gout, and atherosclerosis. A key cytokine mediating this response is IL-1β. The generation of bioactive IL-1β by sterile particles is mediated by the NOD-like receptor containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, although exactly how this occurs is incompletely resolved. Prior studies have found that the cathepsin B inhibitor, Ca074Me, suppresses this response, supporting a model whereby ingested particles disrupt lysosomes and release cathepsin B into the cytosol, somehow activating NLRP3. However, reports that cathepsin B-deficient macrophages have no defect in particle-induced IL-1β generation have questioned cathepsin B's involvement. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that multiple redundant cathepsins (not just cathepsin B) mediate this process by evaluating IL-1β generation in murine macrophages, singly or multiply deficient in cathepsins B, L, C, S and X. Using an activity-based probe, we measure specific cathepsin activity in living cells, documenting compensatory changes in cathepsin-deficient cells, and Ca074Me's dose-dependent cathepsin inhibition profile is analyzed in parallel with its suppression of particle-induced IL-1β secretion. Also, we evaluate endogenous cathepsin inhibitors cystatins C and B. Surprisingly, we find that multiple redundant cathepsins, inhibited by Ca074Me and cystatins, promote pro-IL-1β synthesis, and to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that cathepsin X plays a nonredundant role in nonparticulate NLRP3 activation. Finally, we find cathepsin inhibitors selectively block particle-induced NLRP3 activation, independently of suppressing pro-IL-1β synthesis. Altogether, we demonstrate that both small molecule and endogenous cathepsin inhibitors suppress particle-induced IL-1β secretion, implicating roles for multiple cathepsins in both pro-IL-1β synthesis and NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Orlowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Jeff D Colbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Stephanie A Robertson
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655;
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31
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Zhou Y, Wu W, Lindholt JS, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Yu X, Shi GP. Regulatory T cells in human and angiotensin II-induced mouse abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:98-107. [PMID: 25824145 PMCID: PMC4560044 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect mice from angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). This study tested whether AAA patients are Treg-insufficient and the Treg molecular mechanisms that control AAA pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS ELISA determined the Foxp3 concentration in blood cell lysates from 485 AAA patients and 204 age- and sex-matched controls. AAA patients exhibited lower blood cell Foxp3 expression than controls (P < 0.0001). Pearson's correlation test demonstrated a significant but negative correlation between Foxp3 and AAA annual expansion rate before (r = -0.147, P = 0.007) and after (r = -0.153, P = 0.006) adjustment for AAA risk factors. AAA in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mice that received different doses of Ang-II exhibited a negative correlation of lesion Foxp3(+) Treg numbers with AAA size (r = -0.883, P < 0.0001). Adoptive transfer of Tregs from wild-type (WT) and IL10-deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice increased AAA lesion Treg content, but only WT mice Tregs reduced AAA size, AAA incidence, blood pressure, lesion macrophage and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell accumulation, and angiogenesis with concurrent increase of lesion collagen content. Both AAA lesion immunostaining and plasma ELISA demonstrated that adoptive transfer of WT Tregs, but not Il10(-/-) Tregs, reduced the expression of MCP-1. In vitro cell culture and aortic ring assay demonstrated that only Tregs from WT mice, but not those from Il10(-/-) mice, reduced macrophage MCP-1 secretion, macrophage and vascular cell protease expression and activity, and aortic ring microvessel formation. CONCLUSION This study supports a protective role of Tregs in human and experimental AAA by releasing IL10 to suppress inflammatory cell chemotaxis, arterial wall remodelling, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxue Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Odense, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lindeman JHN. The pathophysiologic basis of abdominal aortic aneurysm progression: a critical appraisal. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:839-51. [PMID: 26028299 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1052408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is a common pathology and a major cause of sudden death in the elderly. Currently, abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) can only be treated by surgery and an effective medical therapy is urgently missing. The pathophysiology of AAAs is complex and is believed to be best described as a comprehensive inflammatory response with an accompanying proteolytic imbalance; the latter being held responsible for the progressive weakening of the aortic wall. Remarkably, while interference in inflammatory and/or proteolytic cascades proves highly effective in preclinical studies, emerging clinical studies consistently fail to show a benefit. In fact, some anti-inflammatory interventions appear to adversely influence the disease process. Altogether, recent clinical observations not only challenge the prevailing concepts of AAA progression, but also raise doubt on the translatability of findings from rodent models for growing AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H N Lindeman
- Department Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wang J, Lindholt JS, Sukhova GK, Shi MA, Xia M, Chen H, Xiang M, He A, Wang Y, Xiong N, Libby P, Wang JA, Shi GP. IgE actions on CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:952-69. [PMID: 24963147 PMCID: PMC4119357 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) activates mast cells (MCs). It remains unknown whether IgE also activates other inflammatory cells, and contributes to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study demonstrates that CD4+ T cells express IgE receptor FcεR1, at much higher levels than do CD8+ T cells. IgE induces CD4+ T-cell production of IL6 and IFN-γ, but reduces their production of IL10. FcεR1 deficiency (Fcer1a−/−) protects apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice from angiotensin-II infusion-induced AAAs and reduces plasma IL6 levels. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells (but not CD8+ T cells), MCs, and macrophages from Apoe−/− mice, but not those from Apoe−/−Fcer1a−/− mice, increases AAA size and plasma IL6 in Apoe−/−Fcer1a−/− recipient mice. Biweekly intravenous administration of an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody ablated plasma IgE and reduced AAAs in Apoe−/− mice. Patients with AAAs had significantly higher plasma IgE levels than those without AAAs. This study establishes an important role of IgE in AAA pathogenesis by activating CD4+ T cells, MCs, and macrophages and supports consideration of neutralizing plasma IgE in the therapeutics of human AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, University Hospital of Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingcan Xia
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aina He
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li Y, Hu J, Qian H, Gu J, Meng W, Zhang EY. Novel findings: Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in thoracic aortic dissection and aneurysm. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1130-4. [PMID: 25237166 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314549219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are key regulators of the renin-angiotensin system, which has been shown to participate in a series of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that dysregulated gene expression of ACE and ACE2 contribute to the formation of thoracic aortic dissection and aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed ACE plasma concentration in 73 patients with acute thoracic aortic dissection (n=34), aneurysm (n=18), coronary heart disease (n=21) and 13 healthy volunteers. ACE and ACE2 gene expression in available aortic tissues was also examined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In patients with acute aortic dissection, ACE plasma concentration and its mRNA level in aortic tissue were markedly reduced compared with those in patients with aneurysm, coronary heart disease and healthy controls. The level of ACE2 gene expression in dissection samples was also significantly lower than that in aneurysm (8.01±7.44, p<0.01) and coronary heart disease groups (9.61±11.54, p<0.01). A strong correlation was observed between the gene expressions of ACE and those of ACE2, and ACE to ACE2 ratio was significantly elevated in dissection tissues. CONCLUSIONS Imbalanced down-regulation of ACE and ACE2 mRNA expression levels may play an important role in the development and progression of thoracic aortic aneurysmal dilatation and subsequently dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Salgado JV, Souza FL, Salgado BJ. How to understand the association between cystatin C levels and cardiovascular disease: Imbalance, counterbalance, or consequence? J Cardiol 2013; 62:331-5. [PMID: 23849291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The association of cystatin C with renal function has been studied for more than 25 years. Cystatin C has been described to have a better diagnostic performance than creatinine to assess renal function, particularly to detect small reductions in glomerular filtration rate. Recently, cystatin C has emerged as a strong predictor of incident or recurrent cardiovascular events and adverse outcomes in patients without kidney disease. Furthermore, it has been suggested that cystatin C concentrations are directly related to both inflammation and atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the link between inflammation, atherogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and cystatin C is still poorly understood. This brief report discusses recent data, contrasting findings and possible mechanisms involved in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Salgado
- Kidney Disease Prevention Centre, Clinical Chemistry Service, Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Francival Leite Souza
- Kidney Disease Prevention Centre, Cardiology Service, Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil
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Qin Y, Cao X, Yang Y, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:89-103. [PMID: 23259477 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cysteine protease cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in humans and animals. Blood and aortic tissues from humans or animals with AAAs contain much higher levels of these proteases, and often lower levels of their endogenous inhibitors, than do blood and aortic tissues from healthy subjects. Protease- and protease inhibitor-deficient mice and synthetic protease inhibitors have affirmed that cysteinyl cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases both participate directly in AAA development in several experimental model systems. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how proteases contribute to the pathogenesis of AAA, and discuss whether proteases or their inhibitors may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for this common human arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Lu H, Rateri DL, Bruemmer D, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Novel mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 14:402-12. [PMID: 22833280 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common but asymptomatic disease that has high susceptibility to rupture. Current therapeutic options are limited to surgical procedures because no pharmacological approaches have been proven to decrease either expansion or rupture of human AAAs. The current dearth of effective medical treatment is attributed to insufficient understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation, propagation and rupture of AAAs. This review will emphasize recent advances in mechanistic studies that may provide insights into potential pharmacological treatments for this disease. While we primarily focus on recent salient findings, we also discuss mechanisms that continue to be controversial depending on models under study. Despite the progress on exploring mechanisms of experimental AAAs, ultimate validation of mechanisms will require completion of prospective double-blinded clinical trials. In addition, we advocate increased emphasis of collaborative studies using animal models and human tissues for determination of mechanisms that explore expansion and rupture of existing AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, B243, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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38
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Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:531-43. [PMID: 22788237 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are relatively common maladies that may lead to the devastating consequence of aortic rupture. AAAs (abdominal aortic aneurysms) and TAAs (thoracic aortic aneurysms) are two common forms of aneurysmal diseases in humans that appear to have distinct pathologies and mechanisms. Despite this divergence, there are numerous and consistent demonstrations that overactivation of the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) promotes both AAAs and TAAs in animal models. For example, in mice, both AAAs and TAAs are formed during infusion of AngII (angiotensin II), the major bioactive peptide in the RAS. There are many proposed mechanisms by which the RAS initiates and perpetuates aortic aneurysms, including effects of AngII on a diverse array of cell types and mediators. These experimental findings are complemented in humans by genetic association studies and retrospective analyses of clinical data that generally support a role of the RAS in both AAAs and TAAs. Given the lack of a validated pharmacological therapy for any form of aortic aneurysm, there is a pressing need to determine whether the consistent findings on the role of the RAS in animal models are translatable to humans afflicted with these diseases. The present review compiles the recent literature that has shown the RAS as a critical component in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms.
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Qin Y, Cao X, Guo J, Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhang H, Li H, Tang C, Du J, Shi GP. Deficiency of cathepsin S attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:401-10. [PMID: 22871592 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by extensive aortic wall matrix degradation that contributes to the remodelling and eventual rupture of the arterial wall. Elastinolytic cathepsin S (Cat S) is highly expressed in human aneurysmal lesions, but whether it contributes to the pathogenesis of AAA remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS AAAs were induced in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and Cat S compound mutant (Apoe(-/-)Ctss(-/-)) mice and in ApoE-deficient Cat S wild-type littermates (Apoe(-/-)Ctss(+/+)) by chronic angiotensin II infusion, and AAA lesions were analysed after 28 days. We found that Cat S expression increased significantly in mouse AAA lesions. The AAA incidence in Apoe(-/-)Ctss(-/-) mice was much lower than that in Apoe(-/-)Ctss(+/+) mice (10 vs. 80%). Cat S deficiency significantly reduced external and luminal abdominal aortic diameters, medial elastin fragmentation, and adventitia collagen content. Cat S deficiency reduced aortic lesion expression and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and Cat K, but not the activity of other major cathepsins, such as Cat B and Cat L. Absence of Cat S significantly reduced AAA lesion media smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis, lesion adventitia microvessel content, and inflammatory cell accumulation and proliferation. In vitro studies proved that Cat S helps promote SMC apoptosis, angiogenesis, monocyte and T-cell transmigration, and T-cell proliferation--all of which are essential to AAA pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These data provide direct evidence that Cat S plays an important role in AAA formation and suggest that Cat S is a new therapeutic target for human AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang J, Chen H, Liu L, Sun J, Shi MA, Sukhova GK, Shi GP. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 mediates mast cell migration to abdominal aortic aneurysm lesions in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:543-51. [PMID: 22871590 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mast cells participate importantly in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) by releasing inflammatory cytokines to promote vascular cell protease expression and arterial wall remodelling. Mast cells accumulate in AAA lesions during disease progression, but the exact chemokines by which mast cells migrate to the site of vascular inflammation remain unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that mast cells use chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) for their accumulation in experimental mouse AAA lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated mast cell and apolipoprotein E double-deficient (Apoe(-/-)Kit(W-sh/W-sh)) mice and found that they were protected from angiotensin II (Ang II) chronic infusion-induced AAAs compared with Apoe(-/-) littermates. Using bone-marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) from Apoe(-/-) mice and CCR2 double-deficient (Apoe(-/-)Ccr2(-/-)) mice, we demonstrated that Apoe(-/-)Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice receiving BMMC from Apoe(-/-)Ccr2(-/-) mice, but not those from Apoe(-/-) mice, remained protected from AAA formation. Adoptive transfer of BMMC from Apoe(-/-) mice into Apoe(-/-)Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice also increased lesion content of macrophages, T cells, and MHC class II-positive cells; there was also increased apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, elastin fragmentation, and medial smooth muscle cell loss. In contrast, adoptive transfer of BMMC from Apoe(-/-)Ccr2(-/-) mice into Apoe(-/-)Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice did not affect these variables. CONCLUSIONS The increased AAA formation and associated lesion characteristics in Apoe(-/-)Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice after receiving BMMC from Apoe(-/-) mice, but not from Apoe(-/-)Ccr2(-/-) mice, suggests that mast cells use CCR2 as the chemokine receptor for their recruitment in Ang II-induced mouse AAA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lv BJ, Lindholt JS, Cheng X, Wang J, Shi GP. Plasma cathepsin S and cystatin C levels and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized population-based study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41813. [PMID: 22844527 PMCID: PMC3402402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions contain high levels of cathepsin S (CatS), but are deficient in its inhibitor, cystatin C. Whether plasma CatS and cystatin C levels are also altered in AAA patients remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma samples were collected from 476 male AAA patients and 200 age-matched male controls to determine CatS and cystatin C levels by ELISA. Student's t test demonstrated higher plasma levels of total, active, and pro-CatS in AAA patients than in controls (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis confirmed higher plasma total, active, and pro-CatS levels in AAA patients than in controls (P<0.001). Logistic regression suggested that plasma total (odds ratio [OR] = 1.332), active (OR = 1.21), and pro-CatS (OR = 1.25) levels were independent AAA risk factors that associated positively with AAA (P<0.001). Plasma cystatin C levels associated significantly, but negatively, with AAA (OR = 0.356, P<0.001). Univariate correlation demonstrated that plasma total and active CatS levels correlated positively with body-mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and aortic diameter, but negatively with the lowest ankle-brachial index (ABI). Plasma cystatin C levels also correlated negatively with the lowest ABI. Multivariate linear regression showed that plasma total, active, and pro-CatS levels correlated positively with aortic diameter and negatively with the lowest ABI, whereas plasma cystatin C levels correlated negatively with aortic diameter and the lowest ABI, after adjusting for common AAA risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Correlation of plasma CatS and cystatin C with aortic diameter and the lowest ABI suggest these serological parameters as biomarkers for human peripheral arterial diseases and AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Lv
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Vascular Research Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GPS); (JW)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GPS); (JW)
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Calpain inhibition attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:66-76. [PMID: 21964156 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318235d5ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) augments atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in hypercholesterolemic mice. AngII-induced AAAs are associated with medial macrophage accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. Inhibition of calpain, a calcium-activated neutral cysteine protease, by overexpression of its endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin, attenuates AngII-induced leukocyte infiltration, perivascular inflammation, and MMP activation in mice. The purpose of this study was to define whether pharmacological inhibition of calpain influences AngII-induced AAAs in hypercholesterolemic mice. Male low-density lipoprotein receptor-/- mice were fed a fat-enriched diet and administered with either vehicle or a calpain-specific inhibitor, BDA-410 (30 mg/kg per day) for 5 weeks. After 1 week of feeding, mice were infused with AngII (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 4 weeks. AngII-infusion profoundly increased aortic calpain protein and activity. BDA-410 administration had no effect on plasma cholesterol concentrations or AngII-increased systolic blood pressure. Calpain inhibition significantly attenuated AngII-induced AAA formation and atherosclerosis development. BDA-410 administration attenuated activation of MMP12, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and macrophage infiltration into the aorta. BDA-410 administration significantly attenuated thioglycolate-elicited macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that calpain inhibition using BDA-410 attenuated AngII-induced AAA formation and atherosclerosis development in low-density lipoprotein receptor-/- mice.
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Cheng XW, Huang Z, Kuzuya M, Okumura K, Murohara T. Cysteine Protease Cathepsins in Atherosclerosis-Based Vascular Disease and Its Complications. Hypertension 2011; 58:978-86. [PMID: 21986502 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu Cheng
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhe Huang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenji Okumura
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Sjöberg S, Shi GP. Cysteine Protease Cathepsins in Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2011; 9:138-147. [PMID: 22505840 DOI: 10.1007/s12018-011-9098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling is an important mechanism in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Cysteine protease cathepsins are among the important proteases that affect major events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm, including smooth muscle cell transmigration through elastic lamina, macrophage foam cell formation, vascular cell and macrophage apoptosis, and plaque rupture. These events have been studied in cathepsin deficiencies and cathepsin inhibitor deficiencies in mice and have provided invaluable insights regarding the roles of cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacological inhibitions for cathepsins are under evaluation for other human diseases and may be used as clinical treatments for cardiovascular diseases in the near future. This article reviews different mechanisms for cathepsins in atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm that could be targeted by selective cathepsin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sjöberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Qin Y, Shi GP. Cysteinyl cathepsins and mast cell proteases in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:338-50. [PMID: 21605595 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases involve extensive arterial wall matrix protein degradation. Proteases are essential to these pathological events. Recent discoveries suggest that proteases do more than catabolize matrix proteins. During the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneuryms, and associated complications, cysteinyl cathepsins and mast cell tryptases and chymases participate importantly in vascular cell apoptosis, foam cell formation, matrix protein gene expression, and pro-enzyme, latent cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activation. Experimental animal disease models have been invaluable in examining each of these protease functions. Deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins or mast cell proteases have allowed their in vivo evaluation in the setting of pathological conditions. Recent discoveries of highly selective and potent inhibitors of cathepsins, chymase, and tryptase, and their applications in vascular diseases in animal models and non-vascular diseases in human trials, have led to the hypothesis that selective inhibition of cathepsins, chymases, and tryptase will benefit patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights recent discoveries from in vitro cell-based studies to experimental animal cardiovascular disease models, from protease knockout mice to treatments with recently developed selective and potent protease inhibitors, and from patients with cathepsin-associated non-vascular diseases to those affected by cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Chatzizisis YS, Baker AB, Sukhova GK, Koskinas KC, Papafaklis MI, Beigel R, Jonas M, Coskun AU, Stone BV, Maynard C, Shi GP, Libby P, Feldman CL, Edelman ER, Stone PH. Augmented expression and activity of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes in regions of low endothelial shear stress colocalize with coronary atheromata with thin fibrous caps in pigs. Circulation 2011; 123:621-30. [PMID: 21282495 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.970038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background- The molecular mechanisms that determine the localized formation of thin-capped atheromata in the coronary arteries remain unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that low endothelial shear stress augments the expression of matrix-degrading proteases and thereby promotes the formation of thin-capped atheromata. Methods and Results- Intravascular ultrasound-based, geometrically correct 3-dimensional reconstruction of the coronary arteries of 12 swine was performed in vivo 23 weeks after initiation of diabetes mellitus and a hyperlipidemic diet. Local endothelial shear stress was calculated in plaque-free subsegments of interest (n=142) with computational fluid dynamics. At week 30, the coronary arteries (n=31) were harvested and the same subsegments were identified. The messenger RNA and protein expression and elastolytic activity of selected elastases and their endogenous inhibitors were assessed. Subsegments with low preceding endothelial shear stress at week 23 showed reduced endothelial coverage, enhanced lipid accumulation, and intense infiltration of activated inflammatory cells at week 30. These lesions showed increased expression of messenger RNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, and -12, and cathepsins K and S relative to their endogenous inhibitors and increased elastolytic activity. Expression of these enzymes correlated positively with the severity of internal elastic lamina fragmentation. Thin-capped atheromata developed in regions with lower preceding endothelial shear stress and had reduced endothelial coverage, intense lipid and inflammatory cell accumulation, enhanced messenger RNA expression and elastolytic activity of MMPs and cathepsins, and severe internal elastic lamina fragmentation. Conclusions- Low endothelial shear stress induces endothelial discontinuity and accumulation of activated inflammatory cells, thereby augmenting the expression and activity of elastases in the intima and shifting the balance with their inhibitors toward matrix breakdown. Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms of regional formation of plaques with thin fibrous caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis S Chatzizisis
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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