C-reactive protein 1059G/C gene polymorphism, C-reactive protein levels and acute myocardial infarction

Association between the FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059C/G polymorphisms and small dense LDL level in patients with atherosclerosis: a case-control study

BACKGROUND

The polymorphisms of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) might act as genetic risk factors for atherosclerosis. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059C/G polymorphisms and atherosclerosis as well as the association of Small dense-LDL (sd-LDL).

METHODS

A total of 255 subjects (125 controls and 130 patients) were included. The FABP2 and CRP polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR methods, respectively. Sd-LDL was measured based on Hirano et al method.

RESULTS

There were no significant distinctions between the patient and control groups concerning FABP2 and CRP polymorphisms (p > .05). No significant relationship was observed between studied polymorphisms and sd-LDL level in the patient group (p > .05). However, patients group had higher level of sd-LDL compared to controls (p < .05).

CONCLUSION

FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059G/C polymorphisms were not associated with atherosclerosis and sd-LDL level. However, the increased sd-LDL level was known as a risk factor for atherosclerosis.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in stroke patients - The importance in consideration of influence of multiple factors in the predictability for disease severity and death

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been evaluated as a biomarker in stroke and relevant pathological diseases. While its predictive values in several pathological phenotypes have been confirmed, controversy exists among different studies. This review summarizes reports of the predictive values of hsCRP for the diagnosis, etiology, prognosis and mortality of stroke diseases. The current literature suggests that CRP expression is influenced by multiple factors, such as polymorphisms, the genomic backgrounds and gender. However, few reported studies analyzed data based on all these multiple factors. Future studies should focus on comprehensive analysis based on multiple factors.

Evaluation of Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) R219K and C-Reactive Protein Gene (CRP) +1059G/C Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Coronary Heart Disease

Background

This meta-analysis investigated the correlation of ABCA1 R219K and CRP +1059G/C gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD).

Material/Methods

We searched PubMed, Springer link, Wiley, EBSCO, Ovid, Wanfang database, VIP database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to retrieve published studies by keyword. Searches were filtered using our stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Resultant high-quality data collected from the final selected studies were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 software. Eleven case-control studies involving 3053 CHD patients and 3403 healthy controls met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies were conducted in Asian populations, 3 studies were done in Caucasian populations, and 1 was in an African population.

Results

Our major finding was that ABCA1 R219K polymorphism increased susceptibility to CHD in allele model (OR=0.729, 95% CI=0.559~0.949, P=0.019) and dominant model (OR=0.698, 95% CI=0.507~0.961, P=0.027). By contrast, we were unable to find any significant association between the CRP +1059G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to CHD (allele model: OR=1.170, 95% CI=0.782~1.751, P=0.444; dominant model: OR=1.175, 95% CI=0.768~1.797, P=0.457).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis provides convincing evidence that polymorphism of ABCA1 R219K is associated with susceptibility to CHD while the CRP +1059G/C polymorphism appears to have no correlation with susceptibility to CHD.

Association between CRP and TNF-α genes Variants and Cardiovascular Heart Disease in a Mexican Population: Protocol for a Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND

The C-reactive protein (CRP) and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are considered markers of inflammation and have been shown to predict the risk of incident cardiovascular events. However, few studies have undertaken a comprehensive examination of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the CRP and TNF-α genes; due to this, we will present a protocol study to evaluate the role of the CRP and TNF-α genes in Mexican individuals.

METHODS/DESIGN

we will perform a case-control study to explore the CRP and TNF-α genotype distribution as well as the serum influence of rs1800947, rs1130864, rs2794521 and rs1205 (polymorphisms of the CRP gene) and rs361525, rs1800629, rs1799724, rs1800630, rs1799964 (of the TNF-α gene) in Mexican individuals who present coronary artery disease.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

a written informed consent will be obtained from all the participating subjects. An article detailing the results of the study will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal, in accordance with STROBE criteria.

Effects of Eccentric and Concentric Emphasized Resistance Exercise on IL-15 Serum Levels and Its Relation to Inflammatory Markers in Athletes and Non-Athletes

BACKGROUND

Cytokines play an important role in modulating the muscle's metabolic and immunological responses to exercise.

OBJECTIVES

In the present study, we investigated changes in the serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-15 as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as markers of inflammation, in athlete and non-athlete young men following eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) emphasized resistance exercise (RE).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study recruited 28 young males, 14 athletes and 14 non-athletes. Subjects completed two bouts of ECC and CON emphasized RE five days apart. Each bout included seven exercises that emphasized all major muscle groups with weight loads of 70% - 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for CON RE and 90% - 100% of 1RM for ECC RE. We analyzed subjects' blood samples before and immediately after each bout of exercise to determine cytokine and hs-CRP serum levels according to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between IL-15 serum levels before and after ECC and CON RE in non-athletes (P = 0.03). In athletes, IL-15 serum level only increased after ECC RE (P = 0.01), which was noted to be the highest degree of change in IL-15 levels in all subjects. For athletes, the hs-CRP levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The serum levels of both TNF-α and hs-CRP were also significantly down-regulated after ECC RE in non-athletes.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicated that fitness level and RE could modulate circulating levels of IL-15 and suggest the potential anti-inflammatory effects of IL-15 during RE.

Genetic Association Studies Reporting on Variants in the C-Reactive Protein Gene and Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used inflammatory marker and elevated CRP levels are shown to increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Sequence variations in the CRP gene believed to influence the protein levels have been extensively investigated in CAD community. Most of the published studies, however, have reported mixed findings. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations of CRP variants (+942G>C, -717A>G, +1444C>T) with genetic risk of CAD by use of a meta-analysis.The human case-control studies were identified through online search, hand search, and contacting the authors of original articles. We performed both random-effect and fixed-effect meta-analysis to estimate CAD risk (odds ratios, OR). This analysis combined 16 studies in total. We found +942G>C was not associated with CAD risk when all data were pooled together, nor did we find a significant association in subgroup analyses. Meta-analysis of +1444C>T studies showed a similar trend. However, a borderline association with CAD risk was revealed for -717A>G (random-effect: OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.28-1.00 for the homozygous model; random-effect: OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.26-1.00 for the recessive model).These data suggest that the CRP gene variants examined may not modulate CAD risk.

A novel haplotype within C-reactive protein gene influences CRP levels and coronary heart disease risk in Northwest Indians

According to several epidemiological and clinical studies, the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, these studies are limited in high incidence and prevalence area of North-West India. The present case control study investigated the contribution of three relevant CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms: -717A>G located in the promoter region (rs2794521), +1059G>C on exon2 (rs1800947) and +1444C>T in the 3' UTR (rs1130864) in 180 angiographically verified CHD cases and 175 control subjects. Minor allele frequencies (G, C and T) of rs2794521, rs1800947 and rs1130864 are observed to be 21.1, 11.7, 29.4 and 11.4, 10.0, 19.7 % in CHD cases and controls respectively. AA genotype of -717A>G and TT genotype of +1444C>T were significantly associated (P = 0.02 & 0.03 respectively) with the risk of CHD whereas, +1059G and +1444T were found to be strongly related (P = 0.023 & P = 0.008 respectively) with multivariable adjusted CRP levels. AGT Haplotype was significantly associated with the adjusted CRP levels (P < 0.05). Disease association analysis revealed that haplotype AGT influences CHD risk (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.23-4.84, P = 0.006) which exacerbates after correcting the confounding effects of risk variables (OR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.27-4.99, P = 0.004). With the global index of Akaike information criterion, it has been observed that the carrying each single unit of this susceptibility haplotype increases CHD risk by a value of 2.41 ± 0.439 (β ± SE) in the recessive mode.

C-reactive protein + 1059 G>C polymorphism in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease patients

Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant involved in chronic and acute inflammation. CRP is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, insulin resistance and diabetes. The present study evaluates the association of + 1059 G>C silent polymorphism in exon 2 of CRP gene in 581 cases [CAD (206), T2D (266), T2D with CAD (109)] and 235 controls in the population of Punjab (North-West India). The frequency of + 1059 G allele is highest in CAD (98.3%) followed by T2D (98.1%), T2D + CAD cases (97.7%) and controls (94.7%). G-allele is associated with increased risk of T2D [P = 0.003, OR = 2.93 (1.39–6.17)] and CAD [P = 0.004, OR = 3.25 (1.39–7.60)] in comparison to controls. Recessive model shows that GG genotype increases the risk of CAD by 4 fold (P = 0.003, OR = 4.19, 1.62–10.80), T2D by 3 fold (P = 0.008, OR = 3.23, 1.36–7.60) and T2D + CAD by 3.5 fold (P = 0.029, OR = 3.64, 1.14–11.66). Factor analyses show that BMI, WC, and WHR are core predictors for CAD and T2D, whereas CHO, TG and VLDL for T2D + CAD. The present study concludes that GG genotype of CRP + 1059 G>C polymorphism and clustering of obesity and dyslipidemia underlie the risk towards CAD, T2D and T2D + CAD in the North-West Indian population of Punjab.

•

CRP + 1059 G>C SNP analyzed in 266 T2D, 109 T2D with CAD, 206 CAD, and 235 controls

•

GG genotype increases the risk towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD in population of Punjab.

•

GC genotype provides protection towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD in population of Punjab.

•

Clustering of obesity and dyslipidemia underlies the risk towards T2D, CAD, and T2D + CAD.