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Dinesh NEH, Baratang N, Rosseau J, Mohapatra R, Li L, Mahalingam R, Tiedemann K, Campeau PM, Reinhardt DP. Fibronectin Isoforms Promote Postnatal Skeletal Development. Matrix Biol 2024:S0945-053X(24)00104-5. [PMID: 39159790 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix glycoprotein essential for the development of various tissues. Mutations in FN cause a unique form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, emphasizing its importance in cartilage and bone development. However, the relevance and functional role of FN during skeletal development has remained elusive. To address these aspects, we have generated conditional knockout mouse models targeting the cellular FN isoform in cartilage (cFNKO), the plasma FN isoform in hepatocytes (pFNKO), and both isoforms together in a double knockout (FNdKO). We used these mice to determine the relevance of the two principal FN isoforms in skeletal development from P1 to the adult stage at two months. We identified a distinct topological FN deposition pattern in the mouse limb during different gestational and postnatal skeletal development phases, with prominent levels at the resting and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones and in the trabecular bone. Cartilage-specific cFN emerged as the predominant isoform in the growth plate, whereas circulating pFN remained excluded from the growth plate and confined to the primary and secondary ossification centers. Deleting either isoform independently (cFNKO or pFNKO) yielded only relatively subtle changes in the analyzed skeletal parameters. However, the double knockout of cFN in the growth plate and pFN in the circulation of the FNdKO mice significantly reduced postnatal body weight, body length, and bone length. Micro-CT analysis of the adult bone microarchitecture in FNdKO mice exposed substantial reductions in trabecular bone parameters and bone mineral density. The mice also showed elevated bone marrow adiposity. Analysis of chondrogenesis in FNdKO mice demonstrated changes in the resting, proliferating and hypertrophic growth plate zones, consistent alterations in chondrogenic markers such as collagen type II and X, decreased apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and downregulation of bone formation markers. Transforming growth factor-β1 and downstream phospho-AKT levels were significantly lower in the FNdKO than in the control mice, revealing a crucial FN-mediated regulatory pathway in chondrogenesis and bone formation. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that FN is essential for chondrogenesis and bone development. Even though cFN and pFN act in different regions of the bone, both FN isoforms are required for the regulation of chondrogenesis, cartilage maturation, trabecular bone formation, and overall skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha E H Dinesh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ronit Mohapatra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramshaa Mahalingam
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Purbantoro SD, Taephatthanasagon T, Purwaningrum M, Hirankanokchot T, Peralta S, Fiani N, Sawangmake C, Rattanapuchpong S. Trends of regenerative tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325559. [PMID: 38450027 PMCID: PMC10915013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects are not limited to humans and are often encountered in other species. Reconstructing significant tissue defects requires an excellent strategy for efficient and cost-effective treatment. In this regard, tissue engineering comprising stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules is emerging as an innovative approach to treating OMF defects in veterinary patients. This review presents a comprehensive overview of OMF defects and tissue engineering principles to establish proper treatment and achieve both hard and soft tissue regeneration in veterinary practice. Moreover, bench-to-bedside future opportunities and challenges of tissue engineering usage are also addressed in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeanutree Taephatthanasagon
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thanyathorn Hirankanokchot
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Silva L, Longoni A, Staubli F, Nurmohamed S, Duits A, Rosenberg AJWP, Gawlitta D. Bone Regeneration in a Large Animal Model Featuring a Modular Off-the-Shelf Soft Callus Mimetic. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301717. [PMID: 37580174 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of engineered cartilage with soft callus features triggers remodeling to bone tissue via endochondral bone regeneration (EBR). Thus far, EBR has not progressed to the level of large animals on the axis of clinical translation. Herein, the feasibility of EBR is aimed for a critical-sized defect in a large animal model. Chondrogenesis is first induced in goat-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by fine-tuning the cellular differentiation process. Through a unique devitalization process, two off-the-shelf constructs aimed to recapitulate the different stages of the transient cartilaginous soft callus template in EBR are generated. To evaluate bone regeneration, the materials are implanted in an adapted bilateral iliac crest defect model in goats, featuring a novel titanium star-shaped spacer. After 3 months, the group at the more advanced differentiation stage shows remarkable regenerative capacity, with comparable amounts of bone regeneration as the autograft group. In contrast, while the biomaterial mimicking the earlier stages of chondrogenesis shows improved regeneration compared to the negative controls, this is subpar compared to the more advanced material. Concluding, EBR is attainable in large animals with a soft callus mimetic material that leads to fast conversion into centimeter-scale bone, which prospects successful implementation in the human clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne de Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Flurina Staubli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Nurmohamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Anneli Duits
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine J W P Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
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4
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Schrenker S, Cucchiarini M, Goebel L, Oláh T, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Speicher-Mentges S, Maihöfer J, Gao L, Zurakowski D, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Madry H. In vivo rAAV-mediated human TGF-β overexpression reduces perifocal osteoarthritis and improves osteochondral repair in a large animal model at one year. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:467-481. [PMID: 36481450 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious consequence of focal osteochondral defects. Gene transfer of human transforming growth factor beta (hTGF-β) with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors offers a strategy to improve osteochondral repair. However, the long-term in vivo effects of such rAAV-mediated TGF-β overexpression including its potential benefits on OA development remain unknown. METHOD Focal osteochondral defects in minipig knees received rAAV-lacZ (control) or rAAV-hTGF-β in vivo. After one year, osteochondral repair and perifocal OA were visualized using validated macroscopic scoring, ultra-high-field MRI at 9.4 T, and micro-CT. A quantitative estimation of the cellular densities and a validated semi-quantitative scoring of histological and immunohistological parameters completed the analysis of microarchitectural parameters. RESULTS Direct rAAV-hTGF-β application induced and maintained significantly improved defect filling and safranin O staining intensity and overall cartilage repair at one year in vivo. In addition, rAAV-hTGF-β led to significantly higher chondrocyte densities within the cartilaginous repair tissue without affecting chondrocyte hypertrophy and minimized subarticular trabecular separation. Of note, rAAV-hTGF-β significantly improved the adjacent cartilage structure and chondrocyte density and reduced overall perifocal OA development after one year in vivo. CONCLUSIONS rAAV-hTGF-β treatment improves long-term osteochondral repair and delays the progression of perifocal OA in a translational model. These findings have considerable potential for targeted molecular approaches to treat focal osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrenker
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - M Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - L Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - T Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - J K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - G Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - S Speicher-Mentges
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - J Maihöfer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - L Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - D Zurakowski
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - M W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - H Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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5
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Aksoy Körpe D, Güler S, Aydin HM, Duman M. Effects of alginate-chitosan core-shell nanoparticles encapsulated in gelatin methacrylate hydrogel on chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.2014484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Aksoy Körpe
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcen Güler
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Memed Duman
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Wei W, Dai H. Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering techniques: Recent advances and challenges. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4830-4855. [PMID: 34136726 PMCID: PMC8175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past several decades, osteochondral defect regeneration remains a challenging issue among diseases in the musculoskeletal system because of the spatial complexity of osteochondral units in composition, structure and functions. In order to repair the hierarchical tissue involving different layers of articular cartilage, cartilage-bone interface and subchondral bone, traditional clinical treatments including palliative and reparative methods have showed certain improvement in pain relief and defect filling. It is the development of tissue engineering that has provided more promising results in regenerating neo-tissues with comparable compositional, structural and functional characteristics to the native osteochondral tissues. Here in this review, some basic knowledge of the osteochondral units including the anatomical structure and composition, the defect classification and clinical treatments will be first introduced. Then we will highlight the recent progress in osteochondral tissue engineering from perspectives of scaffold design, cell encapsulation and signaling factor incorporation including bioreactor application. Clinical products for osteochondral defect repair will be analyzed and summarized later. Moreover, we will discuss the current obstacles and future directions to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, China
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7
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Fülber J, Agreste FR, Seidel SRT, Sotelo EDP, Barbosa ÂP, Michelacci YM, Baccarin RYA. Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from horses using a magnetic 3D cell culture system. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:645-658. [PMID: 34249233 PMCID: PMC8246251 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapy for the treatment of equine joint diseases, studied due to their possible immunomodulatory characteristics and regenerative capacity. However, the source of most suitable MSCs for producing cartilage for regenerative processes in conjunction with biomaterials for an enhanced function is yet to be established. AIM To compare the chondrogenicity of MSCs derived from synovial fluid, bone marrow, and adipose tissue of horses, using the aggrecan synthesis. METHODS MSCs from ten horses were cultured, phenotypic characterization was done with antibodies CD90, CD44 and CD34 and were differentiated into chondrocytes. The 3D cell culture system in which biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of gold, iron oxide, and poly-L-lysine were added to the cells, and they were forced by magnets to form one microspheroid. The microspheroids were exposed to a commercial culture medium for 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d. Proteoglycan extraction was performed, and aggrecan was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Keratan sulfate and aggrecan in the microspheroids were identified and localized by immunofluorescence. RESULTS All cultured cells showed fibroblast-like appearance, the ability to adhere to the plastic surface, and were positive for CD44 and CD90, thus confirming the characteristics and morphology of MSCs. The soluble protein concentrations were higher in the microspheroids derived from adipose tissue. The aggrecan concentration and the ratio of aggrecan to soluble proteins were higher in microspheroids derived from synovial fluid than in those derived from bone marrow, thereby showing chondrogenic superiority. Microspheroids from all sources expressed aggrecan and keratan sulfate when observed using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. All sources of MSCs can synthesize aggrecan, however, MSCs from synovial fluid and adipose tissue have demonstrated better biocompatibility in a 3D environment, thus suggesting chondrogenic superiority. CONCLUSION All sources of MSCs produce hyaline cartilage; however, the use of synovial liquid or adipose tissue should be recommended when it is intended for use with biomaterials or scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Fülber
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda R Agreste
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil
| | - Sarah R T Seidel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil
| | - Eric D P Sotelo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil
| | - Ângela P Barbosa
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil
| | - Yara M Michelacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Raquel Y A Baccarin
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05506-270, Brazil
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Zhu W, Cao L, Song C, Pang Z, Jiang H, Guo C. Cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds for articular cartilage repair. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 44:269-281. [PMID: 32945220 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820953866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair remains a great clinical challenge. Tissue engineering approaches based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds show promise for facilitating articular cartilage repair. Traditional regenerative approaches currently used in clinical practice, such as microfracture, mosaicplasty, and autologous chondrocyte implantation, can improve cartilage repair and show therapeutic effect to some degree; however, the long-term curative effect is suboptimal. As dECM prepared by proper decellularization procedures is a biodegradable material, which provides space for regeneration tissue growth, possesses low immunogenicity, and retains most of its bioactive molecules that maintain tissue homeostasis and facilitate tissue repair, dECM scaffolds may provide a biomimetic microenvironment promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation. Currently, cell-derived dECM scaffolds have become a research hotspot in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, as ECM derived from cells cultured in vitro has many advantages compared with native cartilage ECM. This review describes cell types used to secrete ECM, methods of inducing cells to secrete cartilage-like ECM and decellularization methods to prepare cell-derived dECM. The potential mechanism of dECM scaffolds on cartilage repair, methods for improving the mechanical strength of cell-derived dECM scaffolds, and future perspectives on cell-derived dECM scaffolds are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Pang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haochen Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changan Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Dennis EP, Edwards SM, Jackson RM, Hartley CL, Tsompani D, Capulli M, Teti A, Boot-Handford RP, Young DA, Piróg KA, Briggs MD. CRELD2 Is a Novel LRP1 Chaperone That Regulates Noncanonical WNT Signaling in Skeletal Development. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1452-1469. [PMID: 32181934 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone highly activated under ER stress in conditions such as chondrodysplasias; however, its role in healthy skeletal development is unknown. We show for the first time that cartilage-specific deletion of Creld2 results in disrupted endochondral ossification and short limbed dwarfism, whereas deletion of Creld2 in bone results in osteopenia, with a low bone density and altered trabecular architecture. Our study provides the first evidence that CRELD2 promotes the differentiation and maturation of skeletal cells by modulating noncanonical WNT4 signaling regulated by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we show that CRELD2 is a novel chaperone for the receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), promoting its transport to the cell surface, and that LRP1 directly regulates WNT4 expression in chondrocytes through TGF-β1 signaling. Therefore, our data provide a novel link between an ER-resident chaperone and the essential WNT signaling pathways active during skeletal differentiation that could be applicable in other WNT-responsive tissues. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella P Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L Hartley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Monaco G, El Haj AJ, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Sodium Hyaluronate Supplemented Culture Media as a New hMSC Chondrogenic Differentiation Media-Model for in vitro/ex vivo Screening of Potential Cartilage Repair Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:243. [PMID: 32296689 PMCID: PMC7136394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical strategies to treat articular cartilage injury such as microfracture, expose human bone marrow stem cells (hMSCs) to synovial fluid and its components. High molecular weight hyaluronan (hMwt HA) is one of the most abundant bioactive macromolecules of healthy synovial fluid (hSF) and it plays an important role in the protection of opposing articular cartilage surfaces within the synovial joint. Although hMwt HA has been extensively used to attempt the engineering of the cartilage tissue, its effect as media supplement has not been established. Indeed, current media are often simple in their composition and doesn't recapitulate the rheological and biological features of hSF. In addition, critical in vivo molecules that can potentially change the chondrogenic behavior of hBMSCs to make the in vitro results more predictive of the real in vivo outcome, are lacking. In order to be one step closer to the in vivo physiology of hSF, a new culture media supplemented with physiological level of hMwt HA was developed and the effect of the hMwt HA on the chondrogenesis of hMSCs that would be present in a traumatic defect after marrow stimulation techniques, was investigated. hBMSC-seeded fibrin-polyurethane constructs were cultured in a serum free chondropermissive control medium (HA- TGFβ-). This medium was further supplemented with 10 ng/mL TGFβ1 (HA- TGFβ+) or 2 mg/ml hMwt HA 1.8 MDa (HA+ TGFβ-) or both (HA+ TGFβ+). Alternatively, 1 MDa HA was mixed with the fibrin at 0.2 mg/ml (HASc TGFβ+). The effect of hMwt HA on hMSC differentiation was investigated at the gene expression level by RT-qPCR and total DNA, sulfated glycosaminoglycans and Safranin O staining were evaluated. Addition of hMwt HA to the culture media, significantly increased the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, especially in the early days of chondrogenesis, and reduced the upregulation of the hypertrophic cartilage marker collagen X. hMwt HA added inside the fibrin gel(HASc TGF+) led to the best matrix deposition. hMwt HA can be one key medium component in a more reliable in vitro/ex vivo system to reduce in vitro artifacts, enable more accurate pre-screening of potential cartilage repair therapies and reduce the need for animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Monaco
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Jennifer El Haj
- Healthcare Technology Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Martin James Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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11
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Wen ZH, Lin YY, Chang YC, Tang CC, Hsieh SP, Lee HP, Sung CS, Chen WF, Lee CH, Hsuan Jean Y. The COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib reduces experimental osteoarthritis and nociception in rats: The roles of TGF-β1 and NGF expressions in chondrocytes. Eur J Pain 2019; 24:209-222. [PMID: 31495059 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, especially affecting the knee joint. Etoricoxib, a highly selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor which can reduce postoperative pain after orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral etoricoxib on the development of OA and to examine concomitant changes in the nociceptive behaviour of rats. METHOD OA was induced in wistar rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee. The ACLT + etoricoxib groups received 6.7 or 33.3 mg/kg of oral etoricoxib three times a week for 12 consecutive weeks, starting at week 8 after ACLT. Nociceptive behaviours and changes in knee joint width during OA development were analyzed. Histopathological studies were then performed on the cartilage. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the effect of etoricoxib on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in articular cartilage chondrocytes. RESULTS OA rats receiving etoricoxib showed a significantly lower degree of cartilage degeneration than the rats receiving placebo. Nociceptive behaviour studies showed significant improvement in the ACLT + etoricoxib groups compared to that in the ACLT group. Moreover, etoricoxib attenuated NGF expression, but increased TGF-β expression, in OA-affected cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Oral etoricoxib in a rat OA model (a) attenuates the development of OA, (b) concomitantly reduces nociception, and (c) modulates chondrocyte metabolism, possibly by inhibiting NGF expression and increasing TGF-β expression. SIGNIFICANCE Oral administration of etoricoxib can attenuate the development of OA, with an associated attenuation of nociceptive behaviour in an experimental rat OA model. Moreover, etoricoxib attenuated NGF expression, but enhanced TGF-β expression in OA-affected chondrocytes. These findings may pave the way for further investigations of etoricoxib as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of the inflammatory component in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chieh Tang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National Pintung University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Peng Hsieh
- Section of Pathology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pai Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Her Lee
- Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsuan Jean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
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12
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Vail DJ, Somoza RA, Caplan AI, Khalil AM. Transcriptome dynamics of long noncoding RNAs and transcription factors demarcate human neonatal, adult, and human mesenchymal stem cell-derived engineered cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:29-44. [PMID: 31503387 DOI: 10.1002/term.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of a native-like articular cartilage (AC) is a long-standing objective that could serve the clinical needs of millions of patients suffering from osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. An incomplete understanding of the developmental stages of AC has contributed to limited success in this endeavor. Using next generation RNA sequencing, we have transcriptionally characterized two critical stages of AC development in humans-that is, immature neonatal and mature adult, as well as tissue-engineered cartilage derived from culture expanded human mesenchymal stem cells. We identified key transcription factors (TFs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as candidate drivers of the distinct phenotypes of these tissues. AGTR2, SCGB3A1, TFCP2L1, RORC, and TBX4 stand out as key TFs, whose expression may be capable of reprogramming engineered cartilage into a more expandable and neonatal-like cartilage primed for maturation into biomechanically competent cartilage. We also identified that the transcriptional profiles of many annotated but poorly studied lncRNAs were dramatically different between these cartilages, indicating that lncRNAs may also be playing significant roles in cartilage biology. Key neonatal-specific lncRNAs identified include AC092818.1, AC099560.1, and KC877982. Collectively, our results suggest that tissue-engineered cartilage can be optimized for future clinical applications by the specific expression of TFs and lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Vail
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rodrigo A Somoza
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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13
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Qu D, Zhu JP, Childs HR, Lu HH. Nanofiber-based transforming growth factor-β3 release induces fibrochondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:111-122. [PMID: 30862549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocartilage is typically found in regions subject to complex, multi-axial loads and plays a critical role in musculoskeletal function. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration may be guided by administration of appropriate chemical and/or physical cues, such as by culturing cells on polymer nanofibers in the presence of the chondrogenic growth factor TGF-β3. However, targeted delivery and maintenance of effective local factor concentrations remain challenges for implementation of growth factor-based regeneration strategies in clinical settings. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and optimize the bioactivity of a biomimetic nanofiber scaffold system that enables localized delivery of TGF-β3. To this end, we fabricated TGF-β3-releasing nanofiber meshes that provide sustained growth factor delivery and demonstrated their potential for guiding synovium-derived stem cell (SDSC)-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration. TGF-β3 delivery enhanced cell proliferation and synthesis of relevant fibrocartilaginous matrix in a dose-dependent manner. By designing a scaffold that eliminates the need for exogenous or systemic growth factor administration and demonstrating that fibrochondrogenesis requires a lower growth factor dose compared to previously reported, this study represents a critical step towards developing a clinical solution for regeneration of fibrocartilaginous tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrocartilage is a tissue that plays a critical role throughout the musculoskeletal system. However, due to its limited self-healing capacity, there is a significant unmet clinical need for more effective approaches for fibrocartilage regeneration. We have developed a nanofiber-based scaffold that provides both the biomimetic physical cues, as well as localized delivery of the chemical factors needed to guide stem cell-mediated fibrocartilage formation. Specifically, methods for fabricating TGF-β3-releasing nanofibers were optimized, and scaffold-mediated TGF-β3 delivery enhanced cell proliferation and synthesis of fibrocartilaginous matrix, demonstrating for the first time, the potential for nanofiber-based TGF-β3 delivery to guide stem cell-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration. This nanoscale delivery platform represents an exciting new strategy for fibrocartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovina Qu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Jennifer P Zhu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Hannah R Childs
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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14
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The Combination of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 Synergistically Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Zhou X, Esworthy T, Lee SJ, Miao S, Cui H, Plesiniak M, Fenniri H, Webster T, Rao RD, Zhang LG. 3D Printed scaffolds with hierarchical biomimetic structure for osteochondral regeneration. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 19:58-70. [PMID: 31004813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects resulting from trauma and/or pathologic disorders are critical clinical problems. The current approaches still do not yield satisfactory due to insufficient donor sources and potential immunological rejection of implanted tissues. 3D printing technology has shown great promise for fabricating customizable, biomimetic tissue matrices. The purpose of the present study is to investigate 3D printed scaffolds with biomimetic, biphasic structure for osteochondral regeneration. For this purpose, nano-hydroxyapatite and transforming growth factor beta 1 nanoparticles were synthesized and distributed separately into the lower and upper layers of the biphasic scaffold, which was fabricated using 3D stereolithography printer. Our results showed that this scaffold design successfully promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as well as enhanced gene expression associated with both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis alike. The finding demonstrated that 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds with biomimetic, biphasic structure are excellent candidates for osteochondral repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Plesiniak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hicham Fenniri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raj D Rao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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16
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Adam EN, Janes J, Lowney R, Lambert J, Thampi P, Stromberg A, MacLeod JN. Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types. Vet Surg 2019; 48:375-387. [PMID: 30801754 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the chondrogenic potential of cells derived from interzone tissue, the normal progenitor of articular cartilage during fetal development, compared to that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic potential of fetal musculoskeletal progenitor cells to adult cell types, which are currently used therapeutically to facilitate joint cartilage repair in equine clinical practice. The hypothesis tested was that cells derived from interzone tissue have a chondrogenic potential that exceeds that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. ANIMALS Six young adult horses (15-17 months of age) and 6 equine fetuses aged 45-46 days of gestation. METHODS Three-dimensional pellet cultures were established under chondrogenic conditions with fresh, primary cells isolated from adult (articular cartilage, bone marrow, adipose, dermis) and fetal (interzone, skeletal anlagen cartilage, dermis) tissues. Cellular morphology, pellet architecture, and proteoglycan synthesis were assessed in the pellet cultures. Steady state levels of ACAN (aggrecan core protein), COL2A1 (collagen type II), and COL1A1 (collagen type I) messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared among these cell types as pellet cultures and monolayer cultures. RESULTS Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage cells generated the largest pellets under these chondrogenic culture conditions. Pellets derived from adult articular chondrocytes and fetal anlage cells had the highest scores on a neocartilage grading scale. Fetal anlage and adult articular chondrocyte pellets had low steady-state levels of COL1A mRNA but high COL2A1 expression. Anlage chondrocyte pellets also had the highest expression of ACAN. CONCLUSION Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage chondrocytes exhibited the highest chondrogenic potential. In this study, adult adipose-derived cells exhibited very limited chondrogenesis, and bone marrow-derived cells had limited and variable chondrogenic potential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Additional investigation of the high chondrogenic potential of fetal interzone cells and anlage chondrocytes to advance cell-based therapies in diarthrodial joints is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Adam
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jennifer Janes
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Rachael Lowney
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Joshua Lambert
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Parvathy Thampi
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - James N MacLeod
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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17
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Lee JH, Luo X, Ren X, Tan TC, Smith RAA, Swaminathan K, Sekar S, Bhakoo K, Nurcombe V, Hui JH, Cool SM. A Heparan Sulfate Device for the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:352-363. [PMID: 30351222 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Repairing damaged joint cartilage remains a significant challenge. Treatment involving microfracture, tissue grafting, or cell therapy provides some benefit, but seldom regenerates lost articular cartilage. Providing a point-of-care solution that is cell and tissue free has the potential to transform orthopedic treatment for such cases. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate (HS) are well suited for this purpose because they provide a matrix that enhances the prochondrogenic activities of growth factors normally found at sites of articular damage. In this study, we show the potential of a novel HS device, which is free of exogenous cells or growth factors, in regenerating osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Lee
- 1 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), Singapore.,2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Chun Tan
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Sakthivel Sekar
- 5 Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- 5 Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,6 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- 2 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Bwalya EC, Wijekoon HS, Fang J, Kim S, Hosoya K, Okumura M. Independent chondrogenic potential of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in monolayer expansion cultures decreases in a passage-dependent pattern. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1681-1687. [PMID: 30210068 PMCID: PMC6261819 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chondroinductive growth factors are considered necessary for chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), independent and spontaneous chondrogenesis has
been previously demonstrated in adult horses, bovine calves and adult human BMSC. Surprisingly, adult canine BMSC under similar culture conditions previously failed to demonstrate
chondrogenesis. The present study evaluated independent chondrogenic potential of BMSC sourced from three young dogs in the absence of known chondroinductive factors. BMSC were culture
expanded in 10% DMEM up to third passage (P3). At each passage, the phenotype of BMSC was evaluated by RT-PCR gel electrophoresis and qPCR. BMSC exhibited a chondrogenic phenotype in the
absence of dexamethasone and TGF-β1 as verified by the expression of Sox-9, type II collagen and aggrecan. Sox-9 was
significantly downregulated (P<0.05) from P1−P3 compared to P0 while type II and X collagen, and aggrecan were
significantly downregulated at P3 compared to P0. There was a significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between passaging and Sox-9, type II
collagen and aggrecan gene expression. These results indicate that independent chondrogenic potential and phenotype retention of BMSC decreases in a
passage-dependent pattern. Therefore, caution should be exercised for future experiments evaluating the chondrogenic potential of BMSC after extensive expansion cultures in 10% DMEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene C Bwalya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hm Suranji Wijekoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jing Fang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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19
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Kong Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Zhao B, Wang J. Strontium Promotes Transforming Growth Factors β1 and β2 Expression in Rat Chondrocytes Cultured In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:450-455. [PMID: 29170863 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factors β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2, as two distinct homodimers of TGF-β superfamily, involve in chondrocyte growth and differentiation. Emerging evidence has implied that strontium (Sr) plays an important role in the bone formation and resorption, and has strong effects on stimulating human cartilage matrix formation in vitro. However, the direct effects of Sr on TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expressions in chondrocytes are not entirely clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different Sr concentrations on the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in rat chondrocytes in vitro. Chondrocytes were isolated from Wistar rat articular by enzymatic digestion. Strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) was used as a Sr source in this study. Sr was added to the culture solution at final concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 20.0, and 100 μg/mL. After 72 h of continuous culture, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 mRNA abundance and protein expression levels in the chondrocytes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expressions in chondrocytes increased dose-dependently with Sr concentration. The mRNA abundance of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were markedly higher than those observed for control (P < 0.01) when the Sr-treated concentration exceeded 1.0 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 protein expression levels were extremely significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01) at above 5.0 μg/mL Sr-treatment. These results indicated that Sr could involve in the chondrocytes metabolism via regulating TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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20
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MacFarlane EG, Haupt J, Dietz HC, Shore EM. TGF-β Family Signaling in Connective Tissue and Skeletal Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022269. [PMID: 28246187 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of signaling molecules, which includes TGF-βs, activins, inhibins, and numerous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), has important functions in all cells and tissues, including soft connective tissues and the skeleton. Specific TGF-β family members play different roles in these tissues, and their activities are often balanced with those of other TGF-β family members and by interactions with other signaling pathways. Perturbations in TGF-β family pathways are associated with numerous human diseases with prominent involvement of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. This review focuses on the role of this family of signaling molecules in the pathologies of connective tissues that manifest in rare genetic syndromes (e.g., syndromic presentations of thoracic aortic aneurysm), as well as in more common disorders (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis). Many of these diseases are caused by or result in pathological alterations of the complex relationship between the TGF-β family of signaling mediators and the extracellular matrix in connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Julia Haupt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21205
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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21
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Di Luca A, Klein-Gunnewiek M, Vancso JG, van Blitterswijk CA, Benetti EM, Moroni L. Covalent Binding of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 to 3D Plotted Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28865136 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the osteochondral tissue presents some challenges mainly relying in its function of transition from the subchondral bone to articular cartilage and the gradual variation in several biological, mechanical, and structural features. A possible solution for osteochondral regeneration might be the design and fabrication of scaffolds presenting a gradient able to mimic this transition. Covalent binding of biological factors proved to enhance cell adhesion and differentiation in two-dimensional culture substrates. Here, we used polymer brushes as selective linkers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the surface of 3D scaffolds fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) and subsequent controlled radical polymerization. These growth factors (GFs) are known to stimulate the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) toward the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, respectively. BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were covalently bound both homogeneously within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based brush-functionalized scaffolds, and following a gradient composition by varying their concentration along the axial section of the 3D constructs. Following an approach previously developed by our group and proved to be successful to generate fibronectin gradients, opposite brush-supported gradients of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were finally generated and subsequently tested to differentiate cells in a gradient fashion. The brush-supported GFs significantly influenced hMSCs osteochondral differentiation when the scaffolds were homogenously modified, yet no effect was observed in the gradient scaffolds. Therefore, this technique seems promising to maintain the biological activity of growth factors covalently linked to 3D scaffolds, but needs to be further optimized in case biological gradients are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Klein-Gunnewiek
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Julius G Vancso
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093-CH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Nam Y, Rim YA, Ju JH. Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654049 DOI: 10.3791/55988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human articular cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself. Cartilage degeneration is thus treated not by curative but by conservative treatments. Currently, efforts are being made to regenerate damaged cartilage with ex vivo expanded chondrocytes or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the restricted viability and instability of these cells limit their application in cartilage reconstruction. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have received scientific attention as a new alternative for regenerative applications. With unlimited self-renewal ability and multipotency, hiPSCs have been highlighted as a new replacement cell source for cartilage repair. However, obtaining a high quantity of high-quality chondrogenic pellets is a major challenge to their clinical application. In this study, we used embryoid body (EB)-derived outgrowth cells for chondrogenic differentiation. Successful chondrogenesis was confirmed by PCR and staining with alcian blue, toluidine blue, and antibodies against collagen types I and II (COL1A1 and COL2A1, respectively). We provide a detailed method for the differentiation of cord blood mononuclear cell-derived iPSCs (CBMC-hiPSCs) into chondrogenic pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojun Nam
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea;
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23
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Li G, Wang J, Ren G, Hao F, Zhang Y, Shi P, Liu X, Dong F. Morphological Observation on Critical-Sized Cranial Defect Repaired by Icariin and Autologous Concentrate Growth Factors in Rabbits. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2373-2381. [PMID: 28525525 PMCID: PMC5445908 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphological changes repaired by icariin and autologous concentrate growth factors (ACGF) in critical-sized cranial defect were observed and their promoting effects were investigated. Material/Methods Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1.8~2.0kg were used to build a critical-sized cranial defect model and were randomly divided into 3 groups. X-ray, HE staining, general and histological observation, and immunohistochemistry were used to describe the changes caused by normal saline, icariin, and ACGF. Results Cranial defects were covered with newly formed bone tissue at the 12th week in icariin and ACGF groups, with red color, hard surface, and no obvious boundary. Densities were the same in 2 groups at 4 timepoints. HE staining showed defects filled with a large amount of fibrous connective tissue, thick collagen fibers, and abundant osteoclasts. No new bone matrix appeared in any of the 3 groups. Trabecular area, trabeculae width, and osteoblast number in 2 groups were more than that of the control group, and osteoclast number was lower. However, osteoclast number among the 3 groups at the 12th week had no significant difference, which was the same with 4 indicators between the icariin and ACGF groups. From the 4th to 12th week, regenerated cartilage was formed and showed positive reaction with BMP-2 and TGFβ1 from primary bone, which also was demonstrated by granulation tissue and uniform dyeing. Conclusions ACGF and icariin both can increase new bone quantity and improve bone quality, which can also promote healing. The effects and mechanisms of icariin and ACGF on the expression of gene are not exactly the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Guiyun Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fuliang Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Peikai Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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24
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Goh BS, Che Omar SN, Ubaidah MA, Saim L, Sulaiman S, Chua KH. Chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells for future microtia repair using co-culture technique. Acta Otolaryngol 2017; 137:432-441. [PMID: 27900891 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1257151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION In conclusion, these result showed HADSCs could differentiate into chondrocytes-like cells, dependent on signaling induced by TGF-β3 and chondrocytes. This is a promising result and showed that HADSCs is a potential source for future microtia repair. The technique of co-culture is a positive way forward to assist the microtia tissue. OBJECTIVE Reconstructive surgery for the repair of microtia still remains the greatest challenge among the surgeons. Its repair is associated with donor-site morbidity and the degree of infection is inevitable when using alloplastic prosthesis with uncertain long-term durability. Thus, human adipose derived stem cells (HADSCs) can be an alternative cell source for cartilage regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of HADSCs cultured with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interaction of auricular chondrocytes with HADSCs for new cartilage generation. METHODS Multi-lineages differentiation features of HADSCs were monitored by Alcian Blue, Alizarin Red, and Oil Red O staining for chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation capacity, respectively. Further, HADSCs alone were culture in medium added with TGF-β3; and human auricular chondrocytes were interacted indirectly in the culture with and without TGF-βs for up to 21 days, respectively. Cell morphology and chondrogenesis were monitored by inverted microscope. For cell viability, Alamar Blue assay was used to measure the cell viability and the changes in gene expression of auricular chondrocyte markers were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. For the induction of chondrogenic differentiation, HADSCs showed a feature of aggregation and formed a dense matrix of proteoglycans. Staining results from Alizirin Red and Oil Red O indicated the HADSCs also successfully differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages after 21 days. RESULTS According to a previous study, HADSCs were strongly positive for the mesenchymal markers CD90, CD73, CD44, CD9, and histocompatibility antigen. The results showed HADSCs test groups (cultured with TGF-β3) displayed chondrocytes-like cells morphology with typical lacunae structure compared to the control group without TGF-β3 after 2 weeks. Additionally, the HADSCs test groups increased in cell viability; an increase in expression of chondrocytes-specific genes (collagen type II, aggrecan core protein, SOX 9 and elastin) compared to the control. This study found that human auricular chondrocytes cells and growth factor had a positive influence in inducing HADSCs chondrogenic effects, in terms of chondrogenic differentiate of feature, increase of cell viability, and up-regulated expression of chondrogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee See Goh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ear, Hearing and Speech, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurhadis Che Omar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azhan Ubaidah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Saim
- School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Negeri sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Sulaiman
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Hui Chua
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Wang INE, Bogdanowicz DR, Mitroo S, Shan J, Kala S, Lu HH. Cellular interactions regulate stem cell differentiation in tri-culture. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:476-487. [PMID: 27599920 PMCID: PMC5388351 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism governing the regeneration of the soft tissue-to-bone interface, such as the transition between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and bone, is not known. Focusing on the ACL-to-bone insertion, this study tests the novel hypothesis that interactions between cells from the ligament (fibroblasts) and bone (osteoblasts) initiate interface regeneration. Specifically, these heterotypic cell interactions direct the fibrochondrogenic differentiation of interface-relevant cell populations, defined here as ligament fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). The objective of this study is to examine the effects of heterotypic cellular interactions on BMSC or fibroblast growth and biosynthesis, as well as expression of fibrocartilage-relevant markers in tri-culture. The effects of cell-cell physical contact and paracrine interactions between fibroblasts and osteoblasts were also determined. It was found that, in tri-culture with fibroblasts and osteoblasts, BMSC exhibited greater fibrochondrogenic potential than ligament fibroblasts. The growth of BMSC decreased while proteoglycan production and TGF-β3 expression increased. Moreover, tri-culture regulated BMSC response via paracrine factors, and interestingly, fibroblast-osteoblast contact further promoted proteoglycan and TGF-β1 synthesis as well as induced SOX9 expression in BMSC. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that fibroblast-osteoblast interactions play an important role in regulating the stem cell niche for fibrocartilage regeneration, and the mechanisms of these interactions are directed by paracrine factors and augmented with direct cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ning E. Wang
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Danielle R. Bogdanowicz
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Siddarth Mitroo
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Jing Shan
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Sonam Kala
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
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26
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Almeida HV, Mulhall KJ, O'Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. Stem cells display a donor dependent response to escalating levels of growth factor release from extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2979-2987. [PMID: 27402022 DOI: 10.1002/term.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous growth factor delivery systems have been developed for tissue engineering. However, little is known about how the dose of a specific protein will influence tissue regeneration, or how different patients will respond to altered levels of growth factor presentation. The objective of the present study was to assess stem cell chondrogenesis within extracellular-matrix (ECM)-derived scaffolds loaded with escalating levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3. It was also sought to determine if stem cells display a donor-dependent response to different doses of TGF-β3, from low (5 ng) to high (200 ng), released from such scaffolds. It was found that ECM-derived scaffolds possess the capacity to bind and release increasing amounts of TGF-β3, with between 60% and 75% of this growth factor released into the media over the first 12 days of culture. After seeding these scaffolds with human infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells (FPSCs), it was found that cartilage-specific ECM accumulation was greatest for the higher levels of growth factor loading. Importantly, soak-loading cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds with high levels of TGF-β3 always resulted in at least comparable levels of chondrogenesis to controls where this growth factor was continuously added to the culture media. Similar results were observed for FPSCs from all donors, although the absolute level of secreted matrix did vary from donor to donor. Therefore, while no single growth factor release profile will be optimal for all patients, the results of this study suggest that the combination of a highly porous cartilage ECM-derived scaffold coupled with appropriate levels of TGF-β3 can consistently drive chondrogenesis of adult stem cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique V Almeida
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Wen ZH, Tang CC, Chang YC, Huang SY, Lin YY, Hsieh SP, Lee HP, Lin SC, Chen WF, Jean YH. Calcitonin attenuates cartilage degeneration and nociception in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis: role of TGF-β in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28862. [PMID: 27345362 PMCID: PMC4921823 DOI: 10.1038/srep28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the calcitonin (Miacalcin) in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and in nociceptive behavior in an experimental rat model of OA and osteoporosis. OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) of the right knee and by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in Wistar rats. Nociceptive behaviors (secondary mechanical allodynia and weight-bearing distribution of the hind paws) were analyzed prior to surgery and every week, beginning at 12 weeks after surgery, up to 20 weeks. At 20 weeks, histopathological studies were performed on the cartilage of the knee joints. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the effect of calcitonin on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression in articular cartilage chondrocytes. Rats subjected to ACLT + OVX surgery showed obvious OA changes in the joints. Animals subjected to ACLT + OVX and treated with calcitonin showed significantly less cartilage degeneration and improved nociceptive tests compared with animals subjected to ACLT + OVX surgeries alone. Moreover, calcitonin increased TGF-β1 expression in chondrocytes in ACLT + OVX-affected cartilage. Subcutaneous injection of calcitonin (1) attenuated the development of OA, (2) concomitantly reduced nociception, and (3) modulated chondrocyte metabolism, possibly by increasing cellular TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology &Resources, and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chieh Tang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National Pintung University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology &Resources, and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology &Resources, and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology &Resources, and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Peng Hsieh
- Section of Pathology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pai Lee
- Section of Pathology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chun Lin
- Section of Pathology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Jean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
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28
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Kim IG, Ko J, Lee HR, Do SH, Park K. Mesenchymal cells condensation-inducible mesh scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2016; 85:18-29. [PMID: 26854388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells condensation is crucial in chondrogenic development. However current tissue-engineered scaffolds for chondrogenesis pay little attention to this phenomenon. In this study, we fabricate poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) microfiber scaffolds and coat them with human fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) that is a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts (WI-38). Those scaffolds were then conjugated with heparin via EDC chemistry and subsequently immobilized with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. The amount of TGF-β1 was quantitatively measured and the release profile showed a continuous release of TGF-β1 for 4 weeks. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) were seeded in four different scaffolds; control, fibronectin (FN)-coated, hFDM-coated, hFDM/TGF-β1 and subjected to chondrogenic differentiation in vitro for up to 28 days. Both hFDM and hFDM/TGF-β1 groups exhibited significantly more synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and much better upregulation of chondrogenic markers expression. Interestingly, MSCs condensation that led to cell aggregates was clearly observed with time in the two hFDM-coated groups and the quantitative difference was obvious compared to the control and FN group. A mechanistic study in gene and protein level indicated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was involved at the early stage of cell adhesion and cell-cell contact-related markers, N-cadherin and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), were highly up-regulated at later time point. In addition histological analysis proved that hFDM/TGF-β1 group was the most effective in forming neocartilage tissue in a rabbit articular cartilage defect model. Taken together, this study demonstrates not only the positive effect of hFDM on chondrogenesis of MSCs and cartilage repair but also provides an important insight toward the significance of in vitro mesenchymal condensation on chondrogenic development of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gul Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Ko
- Dept of Technical Application, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gyeonggi 426-910, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- Dept of Veterinary Medicine, KonKuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- Dept of Veterinary Medicine, KonKuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Lombana KG, Goodrich LR, Phillips JN, Kisiday JD, Ruple-Czerniak A, McIlwraith CW. An Investigation of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Characteristics from Different Harvest Sites: More Similar Than Not. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:67. [PMID: 26664993 PMCID: PMC4672231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are a major cause of loss of use and retirement in sport horses. The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) for healing of traumatized tissue has gained substantial favor in clinical settings and can assist healing and tissue regeneration in orthopedic injuries. There are two common sites of harvest of BMDMSCs, the sternum and the ilium. Our objective was to determine if any differences exist in BMDMSCs acquired from the sternum and the ilium. We compared the two harvest sites in their propensity to undergo multilineage differentiation, differences in cell surface markers, or gene transduction efficiencies. BMDMSCs were isolated and culture-expanded from 5 ml aspirates of bone marrow from sternum and ilium. The cells were then plated and cultured with appropriate differentiation medium to result in multi-lineage differentiation and cell characteristics were compared between sternal and ilial samples. Cell surface antibody expression of CD11a/18, CD34, CD44, and CD90 were evaluated using flow cytometry, and gene transduction efficiencies were evaluated using GFP scAAV. There were no statistically significant differences in cell characteristics between MSCs cultured from the sternum and the ilium under any circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Lombana
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Jennifer Nikki Phillips
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - John David Kisiday
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Audrey Ruple-Czerniak
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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30
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Murphy MK, Huey DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. TGF-β1, GDF-5, and BMP-2 stimulation induces chondrogenesis in expanded human articular chondrocytes and marrow-derived stromal cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:762-73. [PMID: 25377511 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of degenerated cartilage with cell-based cartilage products may offer a long-term solution to halt arthritis' degenerative progression. Chondrocytes are frequently used in cell-based FDA-approved cartilage products; yet human marrow-derived stromal cells (hMSCs) show significant translational potential, reducing donor site morbidity and maintaining their undifferentiated phenotype with expansion. This study sought to investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) during postexpansion chondrogenesis in human articular chondrocytes (hACs) and to compare chondrogenesis in passaged hACs with that of passaged hMSCs. Through serial expansion, chondrocytes dedifferentiated, decreasing expression of chondrogenic genes while increasing expression of fibroblastic genes. However, following expansion, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, 100 ng/mL GDF-5, or 100 ng/mL BMP-2 supplementation during three-dimensional aggregate culture each upregulated one or more markers of chondrogenic gene expression in both hACs and hMSCs. Additionally, in both cell types, the combination of TGF-β1, GDF-5, and BMP-2 induced the greatest upregulation of chondrogenic genes, that is, Col2A1, Col2A1/Col1A1 ratio, SOX9, and ACAN, and synthesis of cartilage-specific matrix, that is, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and ratio of collagen II/I. Finally, TGF-β1, GDF-5, and BMP-2 stimulation yielded mechanically robust cartilage rich in collagen II and GAGs in both cell types, following 4 weeks maturation. This study illustrates notable success in using the self-assembling method to generate robust, scaffold-free neocartilage constructs using expanded hACs and hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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31
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Sato Y, Mera H, Takahashi D, Majima T, Iwasaki N, Wakitani S, Takagi M. Synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and collagen addition on the increase in type 2 collagen accumulation in cartilage-like MSC sheet. Cytotechnology 2015; 69:405-416. [PMID: 26572654 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to increase the content of type 2 collagen in scaffold-free cartilage-like cell sheets prepared using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the effect of several kinds of additives in a chondrogenic medium was investigated. Addition of ascorbic acid 2 phosphate (VCP) at a high concentration (250 µg/ml) and type 1 atelocollagen (5 µg/ml) increased the accumulation of type 2 collagen by fourfold and twofold, respectively. On the other hand, an antioxidant, glutathione showed no such effect. The synergistic effect of VCP and type 1 atelocollagen resulted in an eightfold increase in the accumulation level of type 2 collagen. Furthermore, the gene expression level of type 2 collagen increased and that of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) decreased to approximately one-third of the control. The increase in type 2 collagen accumulation in the scaffold-free cartilage-like cell sheet might be due to not only the enhancement of the synthesis but also the suppression of the degradation of type 2 collagen by MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sato
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mera
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan.,Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, International Medical Device Alliance, 1-6-5, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, N15W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tokifumi Majima
- Department of Joint Replacement and Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, N15W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, N15W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Wakitani
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 739-8553, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takagi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
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Hung BP, Hutton DL, Kozielski KL, Bishop CJ, Naved B, Green JJ, Caplan AI, Gimble JM, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Enhances Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived But Not Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2773-84. [PMID: 26013357 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise for regenerating critically sized bone defects. While the bone marrow-derived MSC is the most widely studied stromal/stem cell type for this application, its rarity within bone marrow and painful isolation procedure have motivated investigation of alternative cell sources. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are more abundant and more easily procured; furthermore, they also possess robust osteogenic potency. While these two cell types are widely considered very similar, there is a growing appreciation of possible innate differences in their biology and response to growth factors. In particular, reports indicate that their osteogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is markedly different: MSCs responded negatively or not at all to PDGF-BB while ASCs exhibited enhanced mineralization in response to physiological concentrations of PDGF-BB. In this study, we directly tested whether a fundamental difference existed between the osteogenic responses of MSCs and ASCs to PDGF-BB. MSCs and ASCs cultured under identical osteogenic conditions responded disparately to 20 ng/ml of PDGF-BB: MSCs exhibited no difference in mineralization while ASCs produced more calcium per cell. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRβ within ASCs abolished their ability to respond to PDGF-BB. Gene expression was also different; MSCs generally downregulated and ASCs generally upregulated osteogenic genes in response to PDGF-BB. ASCs transduced to produce PDGF-BB resulted in more regenerated bone within a critically sized murine calvarial defect compared to control ASCs, indicating PDGF-BB used specifically in conjunction with ASCs might enhance tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daphne L Hutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bilal Naved
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wang WZ, Yao XD, Huang XJ, Li JQ, Xu H. Effects of TGF-β1 and alginate on the differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into a chondrocyte cell lineage. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:995-1002. [PMID: 26622428 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a three-dimensional (3D) culture system of sodium alginate gel on the directional differentiation induction of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes, as well as the in vitro gene transfection technique. The biological characteristics of the passage and proliferation of rabbit BMSCs were investigated under conditions of in vitro monolayer and 3D culture of sodium alginate gel. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 gene recombinant adenoviral cosmid vectors and the recombinant adenoviral vector Ad.TGF-β1 were constructed, and the effect of Ad.TGF-β1 transfection on the differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes was investigated. The whole bone marrow rinsing method was used to obtain, separate and purify the rabbit BMSCs, and the in vitro monolayer and 3D culture of sodium alginate gel were thus successfully and stably established. A safe, stable and efficient method of constructing Ad.TGF-β1 TGF-β1 gene recombinant adenoviral vectors was established. Following TGF-β1 transfection, BMSCs were able to continuously secrete significantly increased amounts of specific extracellular matrix components of chondrocytes, such as collagen II and proteoglycans. Furthermore, the effects in the post-gene transfection 3D culture group were found to be enhanced compared with those in the monolayer culture group. In conclusion, the 3D culture system of sodium alginate gel and in vitro gene transfection exhibited significant inductive effects on differentiation, which could be used to promote BMSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Rivera AL, Baskaran H. The Effect of Biomolecular Gradients on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis under Shear Stress. MICROMACHINES 2015; 6:330-346. [PMID: 34026281 PMCID: PMC8138782 DOI: 10.3390/mi6030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is viewed as a promising option for long-term repair of cartilage lesions, but current engineered cartilage constructs fail to match the mechanical properties of native tissue. The extracellular matrix of adult human articular cartilage contains highly organized collagen fibrils that enhance the mechanical properties of the tissue. Unlike articular cartilage, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based tissue engineered cartilage constructs lack this oriented microstructure and therefore display much lower mechanical strength. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of biomolecular gradients and shear stress on MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis within a microfluidic device. Via poly(dimethyl siloxane) soft-lithography, microfluidic devices containing a gradient generator were created. Human MSCs were seeded within these chambers and exposed to flow-based transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gradients. When the MSCs were both confluent and exposed to shear stress, the cells aligned along the flow direction. Exposure to TGF-β1 gradients led to chondrogenesis of MSCs, indicated by positive type II collagen staining. These results, together with a previous study that showed that aligned MSCs produce aligned collagen, suggest that oriented cartilage tissue structures with superior mechanical properties can be obtained by aligning MSCs along the flow direction and exposing MSCs to chondrogenic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Harihara Baskaran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-216-368-1029; Fax: +1-216-368-3016
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Use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a canine model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:527926. [PMID: 25802852 PMCID: PMC4352730 DOI: 10.1155/2015/527926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or dry eye disease (DED) is an immune-mediated multifactorial disease, with high level of prevalence in humans and dogs. Our aim in this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) implanted around the lacrimal glands in 12 dogs (24 eyes) with KCS, which is refractory to current available treatments. Schirmer tear test (STT) and ocular surface integrity were assessed at 0 (before treatment), 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment. Average STT values and all clinical signs showed a statistically significant change (P < 0.001) during the follow-up with reduction in all ocular parameters scored: ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperaemia, and corneal changes, and there were no signs of regression or worsening. Implanted cells were well tolerated and were effective reducing clinical signs of KCS with a sustained effect during the study period. None of the animals showed systemic or local complications during the study. To our knowledge, this is the first time in literature that implantation of allogeneic Ad-MSCs around lacrimal glands has been found as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat dogs with KCS. These results could reinforce a good effective solution to be extrapolated to future studies in human.
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Bruno I, Martinez R, Sanchez A, Friddle C, McClure SR. Characterization of Nucleated Cells From Equine Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow Aspirate Processed for Point-of-Care Use. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chung R, Xian CJ. Recent research on the growth plate: Mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and potential cell-based therapies for regeneration. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:T45-61. [PMID: 25114207 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the growth plate cartilage often lead to bony repair, resulting in bone growth defects such as limb length discrepancy and angulation deformity in children. Currently utilised corrective surgeries are highly invasive and limited in their effectiveness, and there are no known biological therapies to induce cartilage regeneration and prevent the undesirable bony repair. In the last 2 decades, studies have investigated the cellular and molecular events that lead to bony repair at the injured growth plate including the identification of the four phases of injury repair responses (inflammatory, fibrogenic, osteogenic and remodelling), the important role of inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha in regulating downstream repair responses, the role of chemotactic and mitogenic platelet-derived growth factor in the fibrogenic response, the involvement and roles of bone morphogenic protein and Wnt/B-catenin signalling pathways, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor-based angiogenesis during the osteogenic response. These new findings could potentially lead to identification of new targets for developing a future biological therapy. In addition, recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering highlight the promising potential for utilising multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inducing regeneration of injured growth plate cartilage. This review aims to summarise current understanding of the mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and discuss some progress, potential and challenges of MSC-based therapies to induce growth plate cartilage regeneration in combination with chemotactic and chondrogenic growth factors and supporting scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Ribitsch I, Burk J, Delling U, Geißler C, Gittel C, Jülke H, Brehm W. Basic science and clinical application of stem cells in veterinary medicine. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 123:219-63. [PMID: 20309674 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells play an important role in veterinary medicine in different ways. Currently several stem cell therapies for animal patients are being developed and some, like the treatment of equine tendinopathies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have already successfully entered the market. Moreover, animal models are widely used to study the properties and potential of stem cells for possible future applications in human medicine. Therefore, in the young and emerging field of stem cell research, human and veterinary medicine are intrinsically tied to one another. Many of the pioneering innovations in the field of stem cell research are achieved by cooperating teams of human and veterinary medical scientists.Embryonic stem (ES) cell research, for instance, is mainly performed in animals. Key feature of ES cells is their potential to contribute to any tissue type of the body (Reed and Johnson, J Cell Physiol 215:329-336, 2008). ES cells are capable of self-renewal and thus have the inherent potential for exceptionally prolonged culture (up to 1-2 years). So far, ES cells have been recovered and maintained from non-human primate, mouse (Fortier, Vet Surg 34:415-423, 2005) and horse blastocysts (Guest and Allen, Stem Cells Dev 16:789-796, 2007). In addition, bovine ES cells have been grown in primary culture and there are several reports of ES cells derived from mink, rat, rabbit, chicken and pigs (Fortier, Vet Surg 34:415-423, 2005). However, clinical applications of ES cells are not possible yet, due to their in vivo teratogenic degeneration. The potential to form a teratoma consisting of tissues from all three germ lines even serves as a definitive in vivo test for ES cells.Stem cells obtained from any postnatal organism are defined as adult stem cells. Adult haematopoietic and MSCs, which can easily be recovered from extra embryonic or adult tissues, possess a more limited plasticity than their embryonic counterparts (Reed and Johnson, J Cell Physiol 215:329-336, 2008). It is believed that these stem cells serve as cell source to maintain tissue and organ mass during normal cell turnover in adult individuals. Therefore, the focus of attention in veterinary science is currently drawn to adult stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine. Also experience gained from the treatment of animal patients provides valuable information for human medicine and serves as precursor to future stem cell use in human medicine.Compared to human medicine, haematopoietic stem cells only play a minor role in veterinary medicine because medical conditions requiring myeloablative chemotherapy followed by haematopoietic stem cell induced recovery of the immune system are relatively rare and usually not being treated for monetary as well as animal welfare reasons.In contrast, regenerative medicine utilising MSCs for the treatment of acute injuries as well as chronic disorders is gradually turning into clinical routine. Therefore, MSCs from either extra embryonic or adult tissues are in the focus of attention in veterinary medicine and research. Hence the purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview on basic science and clinical application of MSCs in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ribitsch
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig, Germany,
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Parekh R, Lorenzo MK, Shin SY, Pozzi A, Clark AL. Integrin α1β1 differentially regulates cytokine-mediated responses in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:499-508. [PMID: 24418674 PMCID: PMC4028170 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of integrin α1β1 in chondrocyte responses to inflammatory interleukin-1α (IL-1) and anabolic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the knee. METHODS Intracellular calcium transient responses to IL-1 and TGF-β1 were measured in wild type and integrin α1-null chondrocytes using real time ex vivo confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze TGF-β1-mediated activation of Smad2/3 in tibial and femoral chondrocytes. RESULTS Loss of integrin α1β1 reduces intracellular calcium transient response to IL-1, while it enhances chondrocyte responses to TGF-β1 as measured by intracellular calcium transients and activation of downstream Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS Integrin α1β1 plays a vital role in mediating chondrocyte responses to two contrasting factors that are critical players in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis - inflammatory IL-1 and anabolic TGF-β. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms by which integrin α1β1 mediates these responses will be an important next step in understanding the influence of increased expression of integrin α1β1 during the early stages of osteoarthritis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parekh
- Faculty of Science, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - MK Lorenzo
- Faculty of Science, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - SY Shin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - AL Clark
- Faculty of Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hung BP, Babalola OM, Bonassar LJ. Quantitative characterization of mesenchymal stem cell adhesion to the articular cartilage surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3592-8. [PMID: 23744789 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There has been great interest in use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for cartilage repair. Most recently, treatments involving intra-articular injection of MSCs have shown great promise for cartilage repair and arthritis therapy, which rely on MSC adhesion to cartilage. While there is some information on chondrocyte adhesion to cartilage, there is relatively little known about the kinetics and strength of MSC adhesion to cartilage. The goals of this study were as follows: (1) to quantify the kinetics and strength of adhesion of marrow-derived MSCs to articular cartilage using standard laboratory hardware; (2) to compare this adhesion behavior to that of articular chondrocytes; and (3) to assess the effect of serial monolayer culture on MSC adhesion. First through fourth passage MSCs and primary articular chondrocytes were allowed to adhere to the articular surface of cartilage disks for up to 30 h and the number of adhered cells was recorded to quantify adhesion kinetics. After 30 h, adherent cells were subjected to centrifugal shear to determine adhesion strength, quantified as the shear necessary to detach half the adhered cells (σ50 ). The number of adhered MSCs and adhesion strength increased with passage number and MSCs adhered more strongly than did primary articular chondrocytes. As such, the kinetics and strength of MSC adhesion to cartilage is not dramatically lower than that for articular chondrocytes. This protocol for assessing cell adhesion to cartilage is simple to implement and may represent an important screening tool for assessing the efficacy of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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41
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Radtke CL, Nino-Fong R, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Stryhn H, McDuffee LA. Characterization and osteogenic potential of equine muscle tissue– and periosteal tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells in comparison with bone marrow– and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:790-800. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu YL, Wang YD, Zhuang F, Xian SL, Fang JY, Su W, Zhang W. Immunosuppression effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on renal interstitial injury in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Cell Immunol 2012; 276:144-52. [PMID: 22632816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of intravenously administered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. In unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats, the CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell (Treg) cell, macrophage population and some inflammation related cytokines were tested. In the BMSCs -treated rats, renal exhibited lower renal Masson scores, decreased macrophage infiltration and interferon gamma (IFNγ) expression, and increased forkhead transcription factor (Foxp3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. No significant differences in the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg population and renal transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) expression were observed between BMSCs-treated group and control group (p>0.05). In conclusion, BMSCs infusion leads to an anti-inflammation response in the early stage of UUO which may related to paracine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
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Luo M, Liu Z, Chen G, Hao H, Lu T, Cui Y, Lei M, Verfaillie CM, Liu Z. High glucose enhances TGF-β1 expression in rat bone marrow stem cells via ERK1/2-mediated inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Life Sci 2012; 90:509-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Willers C, Wood DJ, Zheng MH. A CURRENT REVIEW ON THE BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS (PART I & PART II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218957703001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral injury occurs predominantly in physically active young adult males. Injury to the articular cartilage and/or subchondral bone may not only cause acute joint disease resulting in osseous intracapsular (synovitis) or extracapsular pain, but may also act to spawn arthritic conditions in later life. Since the 18th century, such injury has proven difficult to treat clinically, and much therapy has been essentially palliative. Past treatments such as abrasion arthroplasty, drilling, microfracture and arthroscopic lavage have been useful in removing articular debris and promoting the formation of the fibrin clot used in most native repair mechanisms. However, the limitation of these techniques is their inability to restore the damaged cartilage and subchondral bone to their normal tissue architecture. Recent developments in tissue engineering have concentrated on the utilization of autologous chondrocyte implantation, biomaterials and growth factors to promote the regeneration of biomechanically superior hyaline articular cartilage. This paper reviews the etiology, repair biology and therapeutic techniques of cartilage and/or osteochondral injury over the previous decades, and attempts to provide insight into interesting new research directions which offer much potential for improved treatment of these troublesome lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Willers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, W.A., Australia
| | - David J. Wood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, W.A., Australia
| | - Ming H. Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, W.A., Australia
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GOH JCH, SHAO XX, HUTMACHER DW, LEE EH. TISSUE ENGINEERING APPROACH TO OSTEOCHONDRAL REPAIR AND REGENERATION. J MECH MED BIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951940400117x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Repair of osteochondral lesions remains difficult in current clinical medicine. This is due to the lack of self-reparatory capacity in adult cartilage to respond to injuries. Furthermore, current surgical based treatment is unable to achieve long-term satisfactory results. Cell therapies combined with scaffolds has become a promising tissue engineering approach for osteochondral regeneration. This article briefly outlines the approaches and limitations in osteochondral tissue engineering from three key aspects, namely: (1) Cells and Cell Source; (2) Biomaterials and Scaffold design and fabrication; and (3) Mechanical and Biochemical Stimulus. Current optimal candidate cells for tissue engineering include bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. As for scaffolds, the structural design and biomaterials used should support cell growth and the organization of new functional tissue formation. Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique, the authors developed a novel polycaprolactone osteochondral scaffold which was shown to have the ability to recruit mesenchymal stem cells and the potential for repairing defects in vivo. The article also discussed mechanical and biological stimulus for enhancing in vitro growth of tissue-engineered constructs. The final challenge is the integration of the tissue-engineered tissues into a living system as a functional device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. H. GOH
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Singapore
| | - X. X. SHAO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - D. W. HUTMACHER
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Singapore
| | - E. H. LEE
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Singapore
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McCanless JD, Jennings LK, Cole JA, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. In vitro differentiation and biocompatibility of mesenchymal stem cells on a novel platelet releasate-containing injectable composite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:220-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rampersad S, Ruiz JC, Petit A, Lerouge S, Antoniou J, Wertheimer MR, Mwale F. Stem Cells, Nitrogen-Rich Plasma-Polymerized Culture Surfaces, and Type X Collagen Suppression. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2551-60. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rampersad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juan-Carlos Ruiz
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Petit
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Lerouge
- Laboratory of Endovascular Biomaterials, Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Antoniou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Fackson Mwale
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Mwale F, Rampersad S, Richard H, Guoying Y, Al Rowas S, Madiraju P, Antoniou J, Laverty S. The constitutive expression of type x collagen in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients is reproduced in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. J Tissue Eng 2011; 2011:587547. [PMID: 21808721 PMCID: PMC3144696 DOI: 10.4061/2011/587547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of type X collagen (COL X), a late-stage chondrocyte hypertrophy marker in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from osteoarthritis (OA) patients poses a major setback to current cartilage and intervertebral disc tissue engineering efforts. However, it is not yet clear whether COL X is expressed by all human bone marrow stem cells or if it is related to age, gender, site, disease status, or drug therapy. In the current study, we report that COL X expression is upregulated in MSCs from rabbits in a surgical instability model of OA (anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)) when compared to control rabbit MSCs. Thus COL X expression in OA is a common phenomenon that is due to the disease process itself and not to other environmental factors. It is, therefore, critical to understand MSC phenotype in OA patients, as these cells are essential clinically for biological repair of cartilage lesions using autologous stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fackson Mwale
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 2P2
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Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Chondrocytes for Construction of Three-dimensional Cartilage Tissue. Cytotechnology 2011; 47:11-7. [PMID: 19003040 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-005-3751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A differentiation method of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes was developed for the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) cartilage tissue. The adhesive cells, which were isolated from a human bone marrow aspirate were embedded in type I collagen in a poly-L: -lactate-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) mesh and cultivated for 4 week together with growth factors. The degree of cellular differentiation was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR of aggrecan and type II collagen mRNAs and by staining with Safranin O. The 3D culture showed a higher degree of differentiation even without growth factors than the conventional pellet culture with growth factors, namely, dexamethasone and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 3. The 3D culture for 2 week with the combined addition of dexamethasone, TGF-beta 3, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I reached a 30% expression of aggrecan mRNA compared with that in primary human chondrocytes, while the aggrecan mRNA expression in the conventional pellet culture was less than 2%. The sequential two-step differentiation cultivation, during which the cells were cultivated in 3D for 1 week after the conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture for 1 week, could markedly accelerate the expression of aggrecan mRNA compared with the 3D cultivation for 2 week.
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Borjesson DL, Peroni JF. The regenerative medicine laboratory: facilitating stem cell therapy for equine disease. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:109-23. [PMID: 21295725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the emerging field of equine regenerative medicine with an emphasis on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for orthopedic diseases. We detail laboratory procedures and protocols for tissue handling and MSC isolation, characterization, expansion, and cryopreservation from bone marrow, fat, and placental tissues. We provide an overview of current clinical uses for equine MSCs and how MSCs function to heal tissues. Current laboratory practices in equine regenerative medicine mirror those in the human field. However, the translational use of autologous and allogeneic MSCs for patient therapy far exceeds what is currently permitted in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori L Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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