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Van Campen H, Bishop JV, Brink Z, Engle TE, Gonzalez-Berrios CL, Georges HM, Kincade JN, Murtazina DA, Hansen TR. Epigenetic Modifications of White Blood Cell DNA Caused by Transient Fetal Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2024; 16:721. [PMID: 38793603 PMCID: PMC11125956 DOI: 10.3390/v16050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause USD 1.5-2 billion in losses annually. Maternal BVDV after 150 days of gestation causes transient fetal infection (TI) in which the fetal immune response clears the virus. The impact of fetal TI BVDV infections on postnatal growth and white blood cell (WBC) methylome as an index of epigenetic modifications was examined by inoculating pregnant heifers with noncytopathic type 2 BVDV or media (sham-inoculated controls) on Day 175 of gestation to generate TI (n = 11) and control heifer calves (n = 12). Fetal infection in TI calves was confirmed by virus-neutralizing antibody titers at birth and control calves were seronegative. Both control and TI calves were negative for BVDV RNA in WBCs by RT-PCR. The mean weight of the TI calves was less than that of the controls (p < 0.05). DNA methyl seq analysis of WBC DNA demonstrated 2349 differentially methylated cytosines (p ≤ 0.05) including 1277 hypomethylated cytosines, 1072 hypermethylated cytosines, 84 differentially methylated regions based on CpGs in promoters, and 89 DMRs in islands of TI WBC DNA compared to controls. Fetal BVDV infection during late gestation resulted in epigenomic modifications predicted to affect fetal development and immune pathways, suggesting potential consequences for postnatal growth and health of TI cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Van Campen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Jeanette V. Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Zella Brink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Terry E. Engle
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Carolina L. Gonzalez-Berrios
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Hanah M. Georges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
- Currently at Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jessica N. Kincade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Dilyara A. Murtazina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (Z.B.); (C.L.G.-B.); (H.M.G.); (J.N.K.); (D.A.M.)
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Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and Neospora caninum with late embryonic losses in highly supplemented grazing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 194:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Montoya-Monsalve G, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Blanco-Murcia J, Elvira L, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Ramos-Ibeas P. Impact of Overuse and Sexually Transmitted Infections on Seminal Parameters of Extensively Managed Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:827. [PMID: 33804105 PMCID: PMC7999385 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural service remains the main breeding method in extensively managed beef herds. Although the bull might be the most important factor in determining herd fertility, its importance has been largely overlooked, focusing instead on female fertility. Management of the bull is critical to maximize the opportunities for cow conception. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) are infections associated with reduced conception rates. This study aimed to determine the effect of both IBR and BVD infection, and bull: cow ratio on seminal parameters in the bull and herd fertility. The presence of antibodies to IBR and BVD, seminal parameters (volume, concentration, mass, and progressive motility), and herd fertility were analyzed in 158 extensively managed bulls. Sperm concentration and mass motility, as well as herd fertility, were significantly lower in BVD-positive bulls. No significant differences were found between IBR-positive and -negative bulls in any reproductive parameter. Sperm concentration was negatively affected by BVD infection in both Charolais and Limousin bulls, whereas mass motility and herd fertility were reduced in Limousin bulls only. No differences were observed in the cow: bull ratio between BVD+ and BVD- bulls. A significant negative correlation was detected between the number of cows per bull and herd fertility, which was negatively affected when herds had more than 40 cows per bull. In conclusion, BVD and bull overuse negatively affect the reproductive performance of the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Elvira
- MSD Animal Heath, C/Josefa Valcárcel, 38, 28027 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-M.); (L.E.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Avda. Puerta de Hierro 12, Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (P.R.-I.)
| | - Priscila Ramos-Ibeas
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Avda. Puerta de Hierro 12, Local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (P.R.-I.)
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Van Campen H, Bishop JV, Abrahams VM, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Mathiason CK, Bouma GJ, Winger QA, Mayo CE, Bowen RA, Hansen TR. Maternal Influenza A Virus Infection Restricts Fetal and Placental Growth and Adversely Affects the Fetal Thymic Transcriptome. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091003. [PMID: 32911797 PMCID: PMC7551156 DOI: 10.3390/v12091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal influenza A viral infections in humans are associated with low birth weight, increased risk of pre-term birth, stillbirth and congenital defects. To examine the effect of maternal influenza virus infection on placental and fetal growth, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with influenza A virus A/CA/07/2009 pandemic H1N1 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at E3.5, E7.5 or E12.5, and the placentae and fetuses collected and weighed at E18.5. Fetal thymuses were pooled from each litter. Placentae were examined histologically, stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD34 (hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen) and vascular channels quantified. RNA from E7.5 and E12.5 placentae and E7.5 fetal thymuses was subjected to RNA sequencing and pathway analysis. Placental weights were decreased in litters inoculated with influenza at E3.5 and E7.5. Placentae from E7.5 and E12.5 inoculated litters exhibited decreased labyrinth development and the transmembrane protein 150A gene was upregulated in E7.5 placentae. Fetal weights were decreased in litters inoculated at E7.5 and E12.5 compared to controls. RNA sequencing of E7.5 thymuses indicated that 957 genes were downregulated ≥2-fold including Mal, which is associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and T cell differentiation. There were 28 upregulated genes. It is concluded that maternal influenza A virus infection impairs fetal thymic gene expression as well as restricting placental and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Van Campen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Jeanette V. Bishop
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Candace K. Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Christie E. Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Nilson SM, Workman AM, Sjeklocha D, Brodersen B, Grotelueschen DM, Petersen JL. Upregulation of the type I interferon pathway in feedlot cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Virus Res 2020; 278:197862. [PMID: 31926963 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has a profound economic impact on the cattle industry. Calves infected in utero and born persistently infected (PI) with BVDV have increased morbidity, mortality, and reduced productivity. Further, they serve as a continual source of viral exposure to herd mates and thereby pose a significant risk to animal wellbeing and production efficiency. Understanding the mechanisms through which PI is established and maintained is therefore important in working toward finding means to prevent or mitigate losses due to infection. Early studies of acute infection suggested BVDV infection alters the host's ability to mount a type I interferon (IFN) response, thereby allowing for the establishment of PI. More recently, however, animals experimentally challenged with the virus demonstrated a chronic yet modest upregulation of the IFN pathway. To identify if the IFN or other pathways are altered due to PI by BVDV in a natural infection, the circulating blood transcriptome was analyzed from PI feedlot cattle (N = 10 BVDV1a, 8 BVDV1b, 8 BVDV2), cattle co-mingling with PI cattle but not themselves infected (N = 9), and a group of unrelated, unexposed controls (N=10). Differential expression analyses included contrasts among BVDV subtypes, and all pair-wise comparisons of PI, co-mingled non-PI, and unexposed animals. Analyses in limma-voom revealed no difference in the transcriptome based upon the BVDV genotype with which the animal was infected. However, gene expression did differ (adj P < 0.05 and |logFC|> 1) at 175 loci between the PI and co-housed, non-PI contemporaries and when compared to the unexposed controls, 489 loci were differentially expressed. Pathway analyses predict that alterations in the transcriptome of the PI cattle indicate significant upregulation of innate immune function including IFN signaling. These data support prior work suggesting IFN signaling is not completely suppressed in cattle naturally PI with BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Nilson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce Brodersen
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA
| | - Dale M Grotelueschen
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA.
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Development of a GeXP-multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171287. [PMID: 28166243 PMCID: PMC5293189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VSV), Bovine viral diarrheal (BVDV), Bovine rotavirus (BRV), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBRV) are common cattle infectious viruses that cause a great economic loss every year in many parts of the world. A rapid and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of these six cattle viruses. Six pairs of chimeric primers consisting of both the gene-specific primer and a universal primer were designed and used for amplification. Then capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the fluorescent labeled PCR products according to the amplicons size. The specificity of GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was examined with samples of the single template and mixed template of six viruses. The sensitivity was evaluated using the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of ssRNAs obtained via in vitro transcription. To further evaluate the reliability, 305 clinical samples were tested by the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay. The results showed that the corresponding virus specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100 copies/μL in a mixed sample of ssRNAs containing target genes of six different cattle viruses, whereas the detection limit for the Gexp-mono PCR assay for a single target gene was 10 copies/μL. In detection of viruses in 305 clinical samples, the results of GeXP were consistent with simplex real-time PCR. Analysis of positive samples by sequencing demonstrated that the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay had no false positive samples of nonspecific amplification. In conclusion, this GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high throughput, specific, sensitive, rapid and simple method for the detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. It is an effective tool that can be applied for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples and for epidemiological investigation.
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Sayers RG. Associations between exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and milk production, reproductive performance, and mortality in Irish dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1340-1352. [PMID: 27939532 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As cost-benefit analyses are required to prioritize and promote disease control and eradication programs within a jurisdiction, national data relating to disease-related production losses are particularly useful. The objectives of the current study were to use Irish bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) prevalence data in dairy herds, obtained by bulk milk sampling on 4 occasions over the 2009 lactation, to document associations between milk production, fertility performance, mortality, and BoHV-1 herd status. Bulk milk (n = 305) antibody ELISA was used to classify farms as positive or negative in terms of endemic BoHV-1. Cow-level (milk parameters only) and herd-level performance data were sourced from the Irish Cattle Breeding Federation. Ordinary linear and negative binomial regressions were used to investigate associations between milk, fertility, and mortality performance and herd-level BoHV-1 results (both categorical and continuous variables). Only slight effects on the rates of carryover cows, nonpregnant cows, and total deaths were highlighted with increasing ELISA sample/positive (%) values (incidence rate ratio = 1.001). Multiparous cows in herds BoHV-1 bulk milk antibody positive recorded a reduction in milk yield per cow per year of 250.9 L in the multivariable linear model. Milk fat and protein yields were also affected by herd BoHV-1 status, again highlighting sub-optimal milk production in BoHV-1 bulk milk-positive herds. The current study has highlighted an economical method of investigating losses due to endemic infection using repeated bulk milk sampling over a single lactation. These data can contribute to analyzing the cost-benefit of applying BoHV-1 control strategies both on farm and at a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ríona G Sayers
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
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Prevalence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) in Irish dairy herds. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Neospora caninum in Alberta cow-calf operations. Prev Vet Med 2014; 117:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pruvot M, Kutz S, van der Meer F, Musiani M, Barkema HW, Orsel K. Pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in Western Alberta: does transmission route matter? Vet Res 2014; 45:18. [PMID: 24517283 PMCID: PMC3937035 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In southwestern Alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. To assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) (indirect fecal-oral transmission), Neospora caninum (indirect transmission with definitive host). We assessed the occurrence of these pathogens in 28 cow-calf operations exposed or non-exposed to elk, and in 10 elk herds exposed or not to cattle. We characterized the effect of species commingling as a risk factor of pathogen exposure and documented the perceived risk of pathogen transmission at this wildlife-livestock interface in the rural community. Herpesviruses found in elk were elk-specific gamma-herpesviruses unrelated to cattle viruses. Pestivirus exposure in elk could not be ascertained to be of livestock origin. Evidence of MAP circulation was found in both elk and cattle, but there was no statistical effect of the species commingling. Finally, N. caninum was more frequently detected in elk exposed to cattle and this association was still significant after adjustment for herd and sampling year clustering, and individual elk age and sex. Only indirectly transmitted pathogens co-occurred in cattle and elk, indicating the potential importance of the transmission route in assessing the risk of pathogen transmission in multi-species grazing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pruvot
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, NW, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susan Kutz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, NW, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, NW, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marco Musiani
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, NW, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, NW, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Graham DA, Lynch M, Coughlan S, Doherty ML, O'Neill R, Sammin D, O'Flaherty J. Development and review of the voluntary phase of a national BVD eradication programme in Ireland. Vet Rec 2014; 174:67. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Graham
- Animal Health Ireland; Main St, Carrick on Shannon Co. Leitrim Ireland
| | - M. Lynch
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation; Shinagh House Bandon Ireland
| | - S. Coughlan
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation; Shinagh House Bandon Ireland
| | - M. L. Doherty
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - R. O'Neill
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Backweston Celbridge Ireland
| | - D. Sammin
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory; Backweston Celbridge Ireland
| | - J. O'Flaherty
- Animal Health Ireland; Main St, Carrick on Shannon Co. Leitrim Ireland
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Raaperi K, Bougeard S, Aleksejev A, Orro T, Viltrop A. Association of herd BRSV and BHV-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease and reproductive performance in adult dairy cattle. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:4. [PMID: 22289165 PMCID: PMC3298528 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to detect the associations between bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) status of a herd and respiratory disease (BRD) occurrence and reproductive performance in pregnant heifers and cows. The association between management-related factors and higher BRD occurrence was also estimated. Methods Serum samples, collected from cows and youngstock from 103 dairy cattle herds, were analyzed for antibodies against BHV-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and Mycoplasma bovis. A questionnaire was used to collect data concerning herd management factors and reproductive performance, as well as the occurrence of clinical signs of respiratory disease in the last two years, as evaluated by the veterinarian or farm manager. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify and quantify the risk factors. Results A low to moderate prevalence (1-49%) of BRSV antibodies among youngstock was associated with a high occurrence of respiratory disease (OR = 6.2, p = 0.010) in cows and in-calf heifers. Employees of the farm may participate in the spread of such disease. Larger herd size, loose-housing of cows, housing youngstock separately from cows until pregnancy, and purchasing new animals were factors possibly related to a high occurrence of respiratory disease symptoms in pregnant heifers and cows. The highest risk of abortions (> 1.3%) and increased insemination index (number of inseminations per pregnancy) (> 1.9) occurred in herds with a moderate prevalence of BHV-1 antibodies (1-49%) in cows. Conclusions BHV-1 was not associated with acute respiratory disease in adult dairy cattle, however was significantly related to reproductive performance. BRSV possesses the main role in respiratory disease complex in adult dairy cattle.
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Van De Weyer LM, Hendrick SH, Waldner CL. Associations between prebreeding serum micronutrient concentrations and pregnancy outcome in beef cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:1323-32. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.10.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Pogranichniy RM, Schnur ME, Raizman EA, Murphy DA, Negron M, Thacker HL. Isolation and genetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus from infected cattle in indiana. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:925910. [PMID: 21647344 PMCID: PMC3103871 DOI: 10.4061/2011/925910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Species and biotype distribution was determined in 44 bovine viral diarrhea virus- (BVDV-) positive samples submitted to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL) in Indiana during 2006–2008. BVDV RNA was detected in the 5′-untranslated region and Npro region using reverse transcriptase PCR followed by sequencing analysis of the PCR product. Additionally, cases were classified into one of six categories according to history and/or lesions: acute symptomatic, hemorrhagic, respiratory distress, reproductive, persistent infection (PI), and mucosal disease (MD). Of 44 BVDV-positive samples, 33 were noncytopathic (ncp), 10 were cytopathic (cp), and one presented both ncp and cp biotypes. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that all samples belonged to BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, or BVDV-2. The most common isolate was ncp BVDV-1b, (44%) followed by ncp BVDV-2a (24%). Among the six categories, respiratory clinical signs were the most common (36%) followed by PI (25%) and MD (16%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Pogranichniy
- Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Nickell JS, White BJ, Larson RL, Renter DG, Sanderson MW. A Simulation Model to Quantify the Value of Implementing Whole-Herd Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Testing Strategies in Beef Cow–Calf Herds. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:194-205. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous diagnostic tests are available to identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cow–calf herds, data are sparse when evaluating the economic viability of individual tests or diagnostic strategies. Multiple factors influence BVDV testing in determining if testing should be performed and which strategy to use. A stochastic model was constructed to estimate the value of implementing various whole-herd BVDV cow–calf testing protocols. Three common BVDV tests (immunohistochemistry, antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction) performed on skin tissue were evaluated as single- or two-test strategies. The estimated testing value was calculated for each strategy at 3 herd sizes that reflect typical farm sizes in the United States (50, 100, and 500 cows) and 3 probabilities of BVDV-positive herd status (0.077, 0.19, 0.47) based upon the literature. The economic value of testing was the difference in estimated gross revenue between simulated cow–calf herds that either did or did not apply the specific testing strategy. Beneficial economic outcomes were more frequently observed when the probability of a herd being BVDV positive was 0.47. Although the relative value ranking of many testing strategies varied by each scenario, the two-test strategy composed of immunohistochemistry had the highest estimated value in all but one herd size–herd prevalence permutation. These data indicate that the estimated value of applying BVDV whole-herd testing strategies is influenced by the selected strategy, herd size, and the probability of herd BVDV-positive status; therefore, these factors should be considered when designing optimum testing strategies for cow–calf herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Nickell
- Departments of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brad J. White
- Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - David G. Renter
- Departments of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Abstract
The apparent prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected cattle has been found to be low in U.S. dairies, beef herds and feedlots. Current management practices within U.S. cattle industries that impact the epidemiology of BVDV infections include purchasing untested cattle, lack of biosecurity procedures, large herd sizes, mixing cattle from multiple sources, high cattle densities in dairy and feedlot operations, synchronous breeding of beef herds, communal grazing and widespread vaccination. Evidence for BVDV infection has been found in farmed and free-ranging wildlife in North America; however the risk of BVDV transmission from wildlife to cattle is not known. The perception of a low prevalence of BVDV herd infections, the unrestricted sale of PI cattle, lack of economic data, intensive marketing of vaccines, reluctance to accept federal regulations, and a "gambler's" attitude among producers are impediments to implementation of a national systematic BVD control program. Since 2004, voluntary BVDV control programs have been organized in nine states reflecting the recognition of BVD as an important and preventable problem in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Van Campen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1644, USA.
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