1
|
Ruetten H, Vezina CM. Relevance of dog as an animal model for urologic diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:35-65. [PMID: 35595352 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We utilize animal models in urologic research to improve understanding of urinary physiology, determine the etiology of many urologic diseases, and discover and test novel therapeutic interventions. Dogs have a similar urinary tract anatomy and physiology to human and they develop many urologic diseases spontaneously. This chapter offers detailed comparisons of urinary tract anatomy, physiology, and the most common urologic diseases between humans and dogs. Dogs offer a unique opportunity for urologic research because they can be studied in research colonies and in client owned cohorts. Dogs also are among a limited number of non-human species that require continence and socially appropriate urinary behaviors (ex. going to the bathroom outside, training to not have submissive urination, etc.). These features make dogs unique in the animal kingdom and make them an ideal animal model for urologic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cramer MC, Badylak SF. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2132-2153. [PMID: 31741227 PMCID: PMC7231673 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and remodeling of injured tissue. The clinical outcomes associated with implantation of ECM-based materials range from unacceptable to excellent. The variable clinical results are largely due to differences in the preparation of the material, including characteristics of the source tissue, the method and efficacy of decellularization, and post-decellularization processing steps. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds promote constructive tissue remodeling include mechanical support, degradation and release of bioactive molecules, recruitment and differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and modulation of the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The methods of ECM preparation and the impact of these methods on the quality of the final product are described herein. Examples of favorable cellular responses of immune and stem cells associated with constructive tissue remodeling of ECM bioscaffolds are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline C Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khatibzadeh SM, Menarim BC, Nichols AEC, Werre SR, Dahlgren LA. Urinary Bladder Matrix Does Not Improve Tenogenesis in an In Vitro Equine Model. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1848-1859. [PMID: 31042311 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is responsible for tendon strength and elasticity. Healed tendon ECM lacks structural integrity, leading to reinjury. Porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) provides a scaffold and source of bioactive proteins to improve tissue healing, but has received limited attention for treating tendon injuries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of UBM to induce matrix organization and tenogenesis using a novel in vitro model. We hypothesized that addition of UBM to tendon ECM hydrogels would improve matrix organization and cell differentiation. Hydrogels seeded with bone marrow cells (n = 6 adult horses) were cast using rat tail tendon ECM ± UBM, fixed under static tension and harvested at 7 and 21 days for construct contraction, cell viability, histology, biochemistry, and gene expression. By day 7, UBM constructs contracted significantly from baseline, whereas control constructs did not. Both control and UBM constructs contracted significantly by day 21. In both groups, cells remained viable over time and changed from round and randomly oriented to elongated along lines of tension with visible compaction of the ECM. There were no differences over time or between treatments for nuclear aspect ratio, DNA, or glycosaminoglycan content. Decorin, matrix metalloproteinase 13, and scleraxis expression increased significantly over time, but not in response to UBM treatment. Mohawk expression was constant over time. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein expression decreased over time in both groups. Using a novel ECM hydrogel model, substantial matrix organization and cell differentiation occurred; however, the addition of UBM failed to induce greater matrix organization than tendon ECM alone. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1848-1859, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Khatibzadeh
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bruno C Menarim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Anne E C Nichols
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Statistical Design and Study Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Incontinence is a frustrating condition for both pet owners and their veterinarians. Fortunately, most causes are easily diagnosed and most dogs respond to appropriate therapy. This article reviews normal urine storage and voiding, causes of incontinence, typical clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Acierno
- Department of Medicine, Midwestern University, 5715 West Utopia Road, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Mary Anna Labato
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomes C, Doran I, Friend E, Tivers M, Chanoit G. Long-Term Outcome of Female Dogs Treated with Static Hydraulic Urethral Sphincter for Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:276-284. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to report the postoperative outcome, complications, and long-term follow-up of the use of a static hydraulic urethral sphincter for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs. Medical records were reviewed to extract information on long-term (>365 days) outcome data. Telephone owner questionnaire was performed to assess postoperative urinary continence scores (scale 1–10, where 10 is complete continence) and the presence and frequency of complications. Twenty female dogs were included. Mean (±standard deviation) time to follow-up was 1,205.1 (±627.4) days. Median continence score/10 (range) was 3.5 (2–6) preoperatively, and 9.0 (7–10) at the last follow-up. Median continence score was significantly higher at all time points postoperatively compared with before surgery (P < .001). Complete continence was achieved in 90% of bitches. Minor complications occurred in 13 bitches and included dysuria (8), bacterial cystitis (8), longer urination time (10), incisional seroma (5), urinary retention (3), hematuria (2), and pain when urinating (2). Major complications occurred in one dog (static hydraulic urethral sphincter removed 28 mo after placement). Continence scores were sustainably improved in the long-term. Complications were mostly minor. Urinary tract infections were the most common but resolved with conventional antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Gomes
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Doran
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Friend
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mickey Tivers
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Chanoit
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Pu H, Leak RK, Liou AKF, Badylak SF, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen J, Chen L. Implantation of Brain-Derived Extracellular Matrix Enhances Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1224-1234. [PMID: 28933217 PMCID: PMC5639909 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are being investigated for their ability to facilitate brain tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that the implantation of brain-derived ECM would attenuate experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explored potential underlying mechanisms. TBI was induced in mice by a controlled cortical impact (CCI). ECM was isolated from normal porcine brain tissue by decellularization methods, prepared as a hydrogel, and injected into the ipsilesional corpus callosum and striatum 1 h after CCI. Lesion volume and neurological function were evaluated up to 35 d after TBI. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess post-TBI white matter integrity, reactive astrogliosis, and microglial activation. We found that ECM treatment reduced lesion volume and improved neurobehavioral function. ECM-treated mice showed less post-TBI neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and less white matter injury than control, vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, ECM ameliorated TBI-induced gliosis and microglial pro-inflammatory responses, thereby providing a favorable microenvironment for tissue repair. Our study indicates that brain ECM hydrogel implantation improved the brain microenvironment that facilitates post-TBI tissue recovery. Brain ECM offers excellent biocompatibility and holds potential as a therapeutic agent for TBI, alone or in combination with other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiayin Wang
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejie Shi
- 2 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongjian Pu
- 2 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- 4 Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony K F Liou
- 2 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- 5 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- 6 Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- 2 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- 6 Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarrafian TL, Bodine SC, Murphy B, Grayson JK, Stover SM. Extracellular matrix scaffolds for treatment of large volume muscle injuries: A review. Vet Surg 2018; 47:524-535. [PMID: 29603757 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large muscular or musculotendinous defects present a dilemma because of the inadequacies of current treatment strategies. Extracellular matrices (ECM) are potential clinically applicable regenerative biomaterials. This review summarizes information from the preclinical literature evaluating the use of ECM for muscle regeneration in animal models of volumetric muscle loss (VML). STUDY DESIGN Literature review. SAMPLE POPULATION Animal models of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, CAB abstracts, and Scopus were searched for preclinical studies using ECM in animal models of VML. The search terms "extracellular matrix," "VML," "muscle regeneration," "cell seeded," and "scaffold" identified 40 articles that met inclusion criteria of an animal model of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. Key skeletal muscle repair mechanisms and experimental findings on scaffold type, VML location, and experimental animal species were summarized. CONCLUSIONS Satellite cells and basal lamina are key endogenous contributors to skeletal muscle regeneration. ECM as a dynamic tissue component may provide structural integrity, signaling molecules, and a 3-dimensional topography conducive to muscle regeneration. Preclinical models of muscle repair most commonly used mice and rats (88%). Most experimental lesions were created in abdominal wall (33%), anterior tibialis (33%), latissimus dorsi (10%), or quadriceps (10%) muscles. Matrices varied markedly in source and preparation. Experimental outcomes of ECM and cell-seeded ECM implantation for muscle regeneration in VML were highly variable and dependent on matrix tissue source, preparation method, and anatomic site of injury. Scar tissue formation likely contributes to load transfer. Nonappendicular lesions had better regenerative results compared with appendicular VML. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The preponderance of current evidence supports the use of ECM for muscle defect repair only in specific instances, such as nonappendicular and/or partial-thickness defects. Consequently, clinical use of ECM in veterinary patients requires careful consideration of the specific ECM product, lesion size and location, and loading circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Sarrafian
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian Murphy
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kevin Grayson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Susan M Stover
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nie X, Wang DA. Decellularized orthopaedic tissue-engineered grafts: biomaterial scaffolds synthesised by therapeutic cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2798-2811. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In orthopaedic surgery, the reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects is a constant challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Nie
- Division of Bioengineering
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
- Singapore
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Division of Bioengineering
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang D, Huang J, Shao H, Hu X, Song L, Zhang Y. Characterization of bladder acellular matrix hydrogel with inherent bioactive factors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
10
|
Kočí Z, Výborný K, Dubišová J, Vacková I, Jäger A, Lunov O, Jiráková K, Kubinová Š. Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Derived from Human Umbilical Cord as a Scaffold for Neural Tissue Repair and Its Comparison with Extracellular Matrix from Porcine Tissues. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:333-345. [PMID: 28471271 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels prepared by tissue decellularization have been reported as natural injectable materials suitable for neural tissue repair. In this study, we prepared ECM hydrogel derived from human umbilical cord (UC) and evaluated its composition and mechanical and biological properties in comparison with the previously described ECM hydrogels derived from porcine urinary bladder (UB), brain, and spinal cord. The ECM hydrogels did not differ from each other in the concentration of collagen, while the highest content of glycosaminoglycans as well as the shortest gelation time was found for UC-ECM. The elastic modulus was then found to be the highest for UB-ECM. In spite of a different origin, topography, and composition, all ECM hydrogels similarly promoted the migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as axonal outgrowth in vitro. However, only UC-ECM significantly improved proliferation of tissue-specific UC-derived MSCs when compared with the other ECMs. Injection of UC-ECM hydrogels into a photothrombotic cortical ischemic lesion in rats proved its in vivo gelation and infiltration with host macrophages. In summary, this study proposes UC-ECM hydrogel as an easily accessible biomaterial of human origin, which has the potential for neural as well as other soft tissue reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kočí
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Výborný
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dubišová
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic .,2 Second Medical Faculty, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vacková
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Jäger
- 3 Institute of Physics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- 3 Institute of Physics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Jiráková
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- 1 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Faust A, Kandakatla A, van der Merwe Y, Ren T, Huleihel L, Hussey G, Naranjo JD, Johnson S, Badylak S, Steketee M. Urinary bladder extracellular matrix hydrogels and matrix-bound vesicles differentially regulate central nervous system neuron viability and axon growth and branching. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1277-1295. [PMID: 28447547 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217698062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system neurons often degenerate after trauma due to the inflammatory innate immune response to injury, which can lead to neuronal cell death, scarring, and permanently lost neurologic function. Extracellular matrix bioscaffolds, derived by decellularizing healthy tissues, have been widely used in both preclinical and clinical studies to promote positive tissue remodeling, including neurogenesis, in numerous tissues, with extracellular matrix from homologous tissues often inducing more positive responses. Extracellular matrix hydrogels are liquid at room temperature and enable minimally invasive extracellular matrix injections into central nervous system tissues, before gelation at 37℃. However, few studies have analyzed how extracellular matrix hydrogels influence primary central nervous system neuron survival and growth, and whether central nervous system and non-central nervous system extracellular matrix specificity is critical to neuronal responses. Urinary bladder extracellular matrix hydrogels increase both primary hippocampal neuron survival and neurite growth to similar or even greater extents, suggesting extracellular matrix from non-homologous tissue sources, such as urinary bladder matrix-extracellular matrix, may be a more economical and safer alternative to developing central nervous system extracellular matrices for central nervous system applications. Additionally, we show matrix-bound vesicles derived from urinary bladder extracellular matrix are endocytosed by hippocampal neurons and positively regulate primary hippocampal neuron neurite growth. Matrix-bound vesicles carry protein and RNA cargos, including noncoding RNAs and miRNAs that map to the human genome and are known to regulate cellular processes. Thus, urinary bladder matrix-bound vesicles provide natural and transfectable cargoes which offer new experimental tools and therapeutic applications to study and treat central nervous system neuron injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Faust
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Kandakatla
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yolandi van der Merwe
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tanchen Ren
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luai Huleihel
- 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Hussey
- 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Diego Naranjo
- 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott Johnson
- 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Badylak
- 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Steketee
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1541823. [PMID: 26839554 PMCID: PMC4709778 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1541823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), limitations including complex, high dose immunosuppression regimens, lifelong risk of toxicity from immunosuppressants, acute and most critically chronic graft rejection, and suboptimal nerve regeneration remain particularly challenging obstacles restricting clinical progress. When properly configured, customized, and implemented, biomaterials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) retain bioactive molecules and immunomodulatory properties that can promote stem cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, and constructive functional tissue remodeling. The present paper reviews the emerging implications of ECM-based technologies in VCA, including local immunomodulation, tissue repair, nerve regeneration, minimally invasive graft targeted drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and other donor graft manipulation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Zhang X, Chao NN, Qin TW, Ding W, Zhang Y, Sang JW, Luo JC. Preparation and characterization of pro-angiogenic gel derived from small intestinal submucosa. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:135-148. [PMID: 26472613 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gels derived from decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS) have been used to repair ischemic myocardium and deliver protein drug. However, their material properties and effects on cell behavior are not well understood, in part because of the difficulty of gelling in vitro. In this study, soluble SIS matrix, which was easily handled and could effectively gel, was successfully prepared using a modified method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the SIS gel contained not only collagen but also sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs). Interestingly, the sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor within the SIS gel was detected, and no initial burst release was observed. The SIS gel was more capable of evoking neovascularization than collagen type I gel, as determined by tube formation experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the mouse aortic ring assay, and animal experiments. The upregulated expression of kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), Notch1, and Ang2, the key genes in angiogenesis that were evaluated in HUVECs seeded on the SIS gel, confirmed that angiogenesis bioactive factors contained in the SIS gel are indeed active and effective. The SIS gel significantly promoted neovascularization compared to the collagen type I gel in vivo. Histology revealed adequate host tissue response in engraftment both types of gels. Together, these data demonstrate that the SIS gel is a promising and attractive candidate for tissue engineering, especially in promoting vessel formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The material properties of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) gel and the effect of these properties upon cell behavior are not well understood, in part due to the difficulty of gelling in vitro. In this study, soluble SIS matrix, which was easily handled and gelled was prepared using modified method. The material properties and biocompatibility of SIS gel were explored. The sustained release of growth factors from this gel was observed along with its degradation in vitro. The results demonstrate that the SIS gel promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The SIS gel biological properties suggest that the constituent ECM molecules released from the gel remain activity. These findings suggested that the SIS gel was a promising candidate for tissue engineering, especially in promoting vessel formation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonçalves S, Rodrigues IP, Padrão J, Silva JP, Sencadas V, Lanceros-Mendez S, Girão H, Gama FM, Dourado F, Rodrigues LR. Acetylated bacterial cellulose coated with urinary bladder matrix as a substrate for retinal pigment epithelium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 139:1-9. [PMID: 26689643 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of acetylated bacterial cellulose (ABC) substrates coated with urinary bladder matrix (UBM) on the behavior of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as assessed by cell adhesion, proliferation and development of cell polarity exhibiting transepithelial resistance and polygonal shaped-cells with microvilli. Acetylation of bacterial cellulose (BC) generated a moderate hydrophobic surface (around 65°) while the adsorption of UBM onto these acetylated substrates did not affect significantly the surface hydrophobicity. The ABS substrates coated with UBM enabled the development of a cell phenotype closer to that of native RPE cells. These cells were able to express proteins essential for their cytoskeletal organization and metabolic function (ZO-1 and RPE65), while showing a polygonal shaped morphology with microvilli and a monolayer configuration. The coated ABC substrates were also characterized, exhibiting low swelling effect (between 1.5-2.0 swelling/mm(3)), high mechanical strength (2048MPa) and non-pyrogenicity (2.12EU/L). Therefore, the ABC substrates coated with UBM exhibit interesting features as potential cell carriers in RPE transplantation that ought to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Patrício Rodrigues
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitor Sencadas
- Center/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Girão
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco M Gama
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sicari BM, Londono R, Badylak SF. Strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: seed vs. soil. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7881-7895. [PMID: 32262901 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly used tissue engineering approach includes the ex vivo combination of site-appropriate cell(s) and scaffold material(s) to create three-dimensional constructs for tissue replacement or reconstruction. These three-dimensional combinations are typically subjected to a period of culture and conditioning (i.e., self-assembly and maturation) to promote the development of ex vivo constructs which closely mimic native target tissue. This cell-based approach is challenged by the host response to the engineered tissue construct following surgical implantation. As an alternative to the cell-based approach, acellular biologic scaffolds attract endogenous cells and remodel into partially functional mimics of native tissue upon implantation. The present review examines cell-types (i.e., seed), scaffold materials (i.e., soil), and challenges associated with functional tissue engineering. Skeletal muscle is used as the target tissue prototype but the discussed principles will largely apply to most body systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Sicari
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 300, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reprint of: Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: Structure and function. Acta Biomater 2015; 23 Suppl:S17-26. [PMID: 26235342 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological scaffold materials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of intact mammalian tissues have been successfully used in a variety of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications both in preclinical studies and in clinical applications. Although it is recognized that the materials have constructive remodeling properties, the mechanisms by which functional tissue restoration is achieved are not well understood. There is evidence to support essential roles for both the structural and functional characteristics of the biological scaffold materials. This paper provides an overview of the composition and structure of selected ECM scaffold materials, the effects of manufacturing methods upon the structural properties and resulting mechanical behavior of the scaffold materials, and the in vivo degradation and remodeling of ECM scaffolds with an emphasis on tissue function.
Collapse
|
17
|
Turner NJ, Badylak SF. The Use of Biologic Scaffolds in the Treatment of Chronic Nonhealing Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:490-500. [PMID: 26244105 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Injuries to the skin as a result of illness or injury, particularly chronic nonhealing wounds, present a major healthcare problem. Traditional wound care approaches attempt to control the underlying causes, such as infection and ischemia, while the application of wound dressings aims to modify a poorly healing wound environment into a microenvironment more closely resembling an acute wound allowing the body to heal the wound naturally. Recent Advances: Regenerative medicine approaches, such as the use of biologic scaffold materials comprising an intact extracellular matrix (ECM) or individual components of the ECM, are providing new therapeutic options that focus upon the provision of biochemical cues that alter the wound microenvironment to facilitate rapid restoration of normal skin architecture. Critical Issues: The incidence of chronic nonhealing wounds continues to increase. For example, between 15% and 20% of diabetics are likely to develop chronic, nonhealing foot wounds creating an increasing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Future Directions: Developing a thorough understanding of wound microenvironment and the mechanisms by which biologic scaffolds work in vivo has the potential to markedly improve outcomes in the clinical translation for the treatment of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neill J. Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iorio T, Blumberg D. Short-Term Results of Treating Primary and Recurrent Anal Fistulas with a Novel Extracellular Matrix Derived from Porcine Urinary Bladder. Am Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481508100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anal fistulas are difficult to treat because they are often recalcitrant to medical therapies and surgical treatment may lead to significant morbidities. A recent novel biologically derived graft from porcine urinary bladder (MatriStem™) has shown great promise in experimental studies of tissue regeneration in diverse tissues. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of MatriStem for treatment of anal fistulas. This was a retrospective study of patients treated from January 3, 2012 to March 3, 2014 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. MatriStem was used to treat patients with anal fistulas by implanting it uniformly with a single application in all patients using a standardized protocol. Data were collected retrospectively from hospital records and office charts. Nineteen fistulas were treated with MatriStem. There were no adverse complications. Overall efficacy of MatriStem was 79 per cent with healing occurring in a mean time of 17 days and mean follow-up of seven months (range 1–26 months). MatriStem was effective in healing in 75 per cent of primary anal fistulas and 86 per cent of recurrent fistulas. MatriStem seems to be a safe and promising treatment for primary and recurrent anal fistulas, and warrants further study and clinical trials to substantiate widespread clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Iorio
- Bandaid Surgery, PC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Blumberg
- Bandaid Surgery, PC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mitchell KB, Gallagher JJ. Porcine bladder extracellular matrix for closure of a large defect in a burn contracture release. J Wound Care 2014; 21:454-6. [PMID: 22990399 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2012.21.9.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine bladder extracellular matrix (PBEM) is an innovative wound healing alternative to traditional wound closure and reconstruction. By stimulating blood vessel formation and chemotaxis of progenitor cells to the site of injury, it promotes a unique healing environment favouring regeneration of native tissue over scar formation. This is the first clinical report describing the novel use of PBEM scaffold material to close a large defect resulting from a burn contracture release. The benefits of this method are the improved functional and cosmetic result. PBEM-moderated tissue regeneration may serve a valuable role in burn reconstruction.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sicari BM, Dearth CL, Badylak SF. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Approaches to Enhance the Functional Response to Skeletal Muscle Injury. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:51-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Sicari
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher L. Dearth
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martinoli S, Nelissen P, White RAS. The outcome of combined urethropexy and colposuspension for management of bitches with urinary incontinence associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Vet Surg 2013; 43:52-7. [PMID: 24256340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report 1) a combined technique of urethropexy and colposuspension; 2) intra- and postoperative complications; and 3) medium term outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Female dogs (n = 30) with urinary incontinence associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) unresponsive to medical management. METHODS Through a ventral median celiotomy, the bladder was positioned abdominally to permit the urethra to be anchored with single interrupted polypropylene sutures to the prepubic tendon and linea alba. The vagina was freed from the vesicovaginal and rectovaginal attachments and advanced cranially by traction before attachment to the prepubic tendon with polypropylene mattress sutures. Bitches were re-examined 2 weeks postoperatively; medium term outcome (>6 months) was evaluated by telephone interview of owners. RESULTS At a median follow up of 39.5 months, 21 bitches (70%) were considered to have an "excellent" medium term outcome with complete resolution of their urinary signs; 8 (26.6%) had a "good" outcome, and 3 (10%) had mild transient dysuria postoperatively. CONCLUSION Combined urethropexy and colposuspension resulted in complete resolution of urinary incontinence in 70% of bitches with USMI and was not associated with major complications.
Collapse
|
22
|
Turner NJ, Keane TJ, Badylak SF. Lessons from developmental biology for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 99:149-59. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neill J. Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J. Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Medberry CJ, Crapo PM, Siu BF, Carruthers CA, Wolf MT, Nagarkar SP, Agrawal V, Jones KE, Kelly J, Johnson SA, Velankar SS, Watkins SC, Modo M, Badylak SF. Hydrogels derived from central nervous system extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1033-40. [PMID: 23158935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used repair devices in preclinical and clinical settings; however the use of these scaffolds for peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) repair has been limited. Biologic scaffolds developed from brain and spinal cord tissue have recently been described, yet the conformation of the harvested ECM limits therapeutic utility. An injectable CNS-ECM derived hydrogel capable of in vivo polymerization and conformation to irregular lesion geometries may aid in tissue reconstruction efforts following complex neurologic trauma. The objectives of the present study were to develop hydrogel forms of brain and spinal cord ECM and compare the resulting biochemical composition, mechanical properties, and neurotrophic potential of a brain derived cell line to a non-CNS-ECM hydrogel, urinary bladder matrix. Results showed distinct differences between compositions of brain ECM, spinal cord ECM, and urinary bladder matrix. The rheologic modulus of spinal cord ECM hydrogel was greater than that of brain ECM and urinary bladder matrix. All ECMs increased the number of cells expressing neurites, but only brain ECM increased neurite length, suggesting a possible tissue-specific effect. All hydrogels promoted three-dimensional uni- or bi-polar neurite outgrowth following 7 days in culture. These results suggest that CNS-ECM hydrogels may provide supportive scaffolding to promote in vivo axonal repair.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sumner JP, Hardie RJ, Henningson JN, Drees R, Markel MD, Bjorling D. Evaluation of Submucosally Injected Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogel and Bovine Cross-Linked Collagen in the Canine Urethra using Cystoscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology. Vet Surg 2012; 41:655-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia P. Sumner
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| | - Robert J. Hardie
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| | - Jamie N. Henningson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| | - Mark D. Markel
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| | - Dale Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; WI
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Delisser PJ, Friend EJ, Chanoit GPA, Parsons KJ. Static hydraulic urethral sphincter for treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in 11 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:338-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Liang R, Fisher M, Yang G, Hall C, Woo SLY. Alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout does not alter the properties of porcine extracellular matrix bioscaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1719-27. [PMID: 21216306 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds, such as porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) and urinary bladder matrix (UBM), have been successfully used to improve soft tissue healing. Yet they contain plenty of galactose α1,3 galactose (αGal) epitopes, which cause rejection responses in pig organ transplantation to human. Recently, ECM bioscaffolds derived from genetically modified pigs that are αGal-deficient (αGal(-)) have become available. To ensure that the ECM bioscaffolds from these pigs can be used as alternatives, we examined their morphological, bioactive and biomechanical properties and compared them with those from the wild-type pigs (n=5 per group). Morphologically, the αGal(-) ECMs were found to be similar to the wild-type ECMs in gross observation and matrix appearance with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Growth factors commonly known to be present in ECM bioscaffolds, including FGF-2, TGF-β1, VEGF, IGF-1 and PDGF-BB, also showed no significant differences in terms of quantity (p>0.05) and distribution in tissue from the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, a bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation assay confirmed the bioactivity of the extracts from the αGal(-) bioscaffolds to be similar to the wild-type bioscaffolds. Under uniaxial tensile testing, no significant differences were found between the αGal(-) and wild-type bioscaffolds in terms of their viscoelastic and mechanical properties (p>0.05). These multidisciplinary results suggest that genetic modification to eliminate the αGal epitopes in the ECM bioscaffolds had not altered the properties of these ECM bioscaffolds and, as such, they should retain their performance in tissue engineering in humans.
Collapse
|
27
|
Claeys S, Noël S, Hamaide A. Acquired urinary incontinence in the bitch: update and perspectives from human medicine. Part 3: The urethral component and surgical treatment. Vet J 2010; 186:25-31. [PMID: 19926505 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in dogs. Surgery may be recommended if the animal does not respond to medical treatment or becomes refractory. In this third part of a three-part review, surgical options for the treatment of USMI are described. Colposuspension is the most frequently described procedure and offers a fair prognosis, with about 50% of the dogs being continent after surgery and most of the reminder being improved or more responsive to medical treatment. Urethropexy offers a similar success rate, but with a higher rate of complications. Endoscopic injection of collagen is an attractive technique due to its minimally invasive nature and low risk of adverse effects. Initial results may however deteriorate with time. Other procedures have been reported, but involve a low number of cases and have resulted in variable success rates. In women, stress urinary incontinence is mainly treated by minimally invasive procedures involving vaginal placement of sub-urethral slings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Claeys
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences B44, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Freytes DO, Martin J, Velankar SS, Lee AS, Badylak SF. Preparation and rheological characterization of a gel form of the porcine urinary bladder matrix. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1630-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
Gilbert TW, Nieponice A, Spievack AR, Holcomb J, Gilbert S, Badylak SF. Repair of the thoracic wall with an extracellular matrix scaffold in a canine model. J Surg Res 2007; 147:61-7. [PMID: 17950323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been successfully used to promote constructive remodeling of injured or missing tissue in a variety of anatomical locations, including abdominal wall repair. Furthermore, ECM scaffolds have shown the ability to resist infection and adhesion formation. The present study investigated the utility of an ECM scaffold, specifically, porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM), for repair of a 5 x 5 cm full-thickness lateral thoracic wall defect in a canine model (n = 6) including 5-cm segments of the 6th and 7th rib. The resected portion of the 7th rib was replaced as an interpositional graft along with the UBM scaffold. As a control, a Gore-Tex patch was used to repair the same defect (n = 2). The control animals healed by encapsulation of the Gore-Tex patch by dense collagenous tissue. The remodeled UBM grafts showed the presence of site-specific tissue, including organized fibrous connective tissue, muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and bone. Upon fluoroscopic examination, it was shown that both bony defects were replaced with new calcified bone. In the 6th rib space, new bone bridged the entire span. In the 7th rib space, there was evidence of bone formation between the interpositional graft and the existing bone, as well as de novo formation of organized bone in the shape of the missing rib segment parallel to the interpositional graft. This study shows that a naturally occurring ECM scaffold promotes site-specific constructive remodeling in a large thoracic wall defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Gilbert
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mendelson K, Schoen FJ. Heart valve tissue engineering: concepts, approaches, progress, and challenges. Ann Biomed Eng 2006; 34:1799-819. [PMID: 17053986 PMCID: PMC1705506 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-006-9163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Potential applications of tissue engineering in regenerative medicine range from structural tissues to organs with complex function. This review focuses on the engineering of heart valve tissue, a goal which involves a unique combination of biological, engineering, and technological hurdles. We emphasize basic concepts, approaches and methods, progress made, and remaining challenges. To provide a framework for understanding the enabling scientific principles, we first examine the elements and features of normal heart valve functional structure, biomechanics, development, maturation, remodeling, and response to injury. Following a discussion of the fundamental principles of tissue engineering applicable to heart valves, we examine three approaches to achieving the goal of an engineered tissue heart valve: (1) cell seeding of biodegradable synthetic scaffolds, (2) cell seeding of processed tissue scaffolds, and (3) in-vivo repopulation by circulating endogenous cells of implanted substrates without prior in-vitro cell seeding. Lastly, we analyze challenges to the field and suggest future directions for both preclinical and translational (clinical) studies that will be needed to address key regulatory issues for safety and efficacy of the application of tissue engineering and regenerative approaches to heart valves. Although modest progress has been made toward the goal of a clinically useful tissue engineered heart valve, further success and ultimate human benefit will be dependent upon advances in biodegradable polymers and other scaffolds, cellular manipulation, strategies for rebuilding the extracellular matrix, and techniques to characterize and potentially non-invasively assess the speed and quality of tissue healing and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mendelson
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Frederick J. Schoen
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|