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Vanderhoeven E, Paresque R, Mello I, Nates S, Vicentini F, Díaz A, Masachessi G. Circulation of picobirnavirus in Neotropical free-ranging mammals. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1097-1109. [PMID: 38114776 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a family of non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses with bisegmented genomes. Segment 1 encodes the capsid protein and segment 2 encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. They exhibit high genomic heterogeneity and infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. The objective of this study was to expand our knowledge of the circulation of PBV in free-living animals from two regions (Brazil and Argentina) of the Atlantic Forest. Fecal samples were analyzed from free-living animals: tapir, brocket deer, peccary, and different species of rodents and marsupials. A total of 133 samples were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR, of which 44 (33.08%) were PBV-positive. Nine amplicons were sequenced, five species from Argentina and four from Brazil, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The nucleotide and amino acid identities of the PBV strains detected in animals from Argentina and Brazil were between 66.3% and 82.5% and between 55.3% and 74.2%, respectively. The analysed strains presented conserved nucleotide blocks without distinction of the host species. The phylogenetic tree showed that PBV strains from Atlantic Forest animals belonging to genogroup I were grouped into different clusters, without defining groups according to host species (human or animal) or the geographical area of detection. This is the first study on PBV in free-living animals in the Atlantic Forest. Our analysis suggested that PBV strains can infect different animal species, leading to PBV transmission between animals and humans. This reinforces the hypothesis of previous crossover points in the ecology and evolution of heterologous PBV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Vanderhoeven
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roberta Paresque
- Programa de Pós Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo BR, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Iago Mello
- Programa de Pós Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo BR, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvia Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Adrián Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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2
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Pronyk PM, de Alwis R, Rockett R, Basile K, Boucher YF, Pang V, Sessions O, Getchell M, Golubchik T, Lam C, Lin R, Mak TM, Marais B, Twee-Hee Ong R, Clapham HE, Wang L, Cahyorini Y, Polotan FGM, Rukminiati Y, Sim E, Suster C, Smith GJD, Sintchenko V. Advancing pathogen genomics in resource-limited settings. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100443. [PMID: 38116115 PMCID: PMC10726422 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance early pathogen detection and characterization with implications for public health and clinical decision making. Although widely available in developed countries, the application of pathogen genomics among low-resource, high-disease burden settings remains at an early stage. In these contexts, tailored approaches for integrating pathogen genomics within infectious disease control programs will be essential to optimize cost efficiency and public health impact. We propose a framework for embedding pathogen genomics within national surveillance plans across a spectrum of surveillance and laboratory capacities. We adopt a public health approach to genomics and examine its application to high-priority diseases relevant in resource-limited settings. For each grouping, we assess the value proposition for genomics to inform public health and clinical decision-making, alongside its contribution toward research and development of novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Michael Pronyk
- Centre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Centre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Rockett
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kerri Basile
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yann Felix Boucher
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Vincent Pang
- Centre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - October Sessions
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marya Getchell
- Centre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Connie Lam
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Raymond Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Tze-Minn Mak
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Ben Marais
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Hannah Eleanor Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Linfa Wang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - Yorin Cahyorini
- Center for Health Resilience and Resource Policy, Ministry of Health, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Francisco Gerardo M Polotan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa 1781, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yuni Rukminiati
- Center for Health Resilience and Resource Policy, Ministry of Health, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Eby Sim
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Carl Suster
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gavin J D Smith
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology - Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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3
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Olson SH, Fine AE, Pruvot M, Keatts LO, Walzer C. Ground zero for pandemic prevention: reinforcing environmental sector integration. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013600. [PMID: 37821113 PMCID: PMC10583020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mathieu Pruvot
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucy O Keatts
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chris Walzer
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Latinne A, Nga NTT, Long NV, Ngoc PTB, Thuy HB, Long NV, Long PT, Phuong NT, Quang LTV, Tung N, Nam VS, Duoc VT, Thinh ND, Schoepp R, Ricks K, Inui K, Padungtod P, Johnson CK, Mazet JAK, Walzer C, Olson SH, Fine AE. One Health Surveillance Highlights Circulation of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential in Bats, Pigs, and Humans in Viet Nam. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030790. [PMID: 36992498 PMCID: PMC10053906 DOI: 10.3390/v15030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A One Health cross-sectoral surveillance approach was implemented to screen biological samples from bats, pigs, and humans at high-risk interfaces for zoonotic viral spillover for five viral families with zoonotic potential in Viet Nam. Over 1600 animal and human samples from bat guano harvesting sites, natural bat roosts, and pig farming operations were tested for coronaviruses (CoVs), paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, filoviruses and flaviviruses using consensus PCR assays. Human samples were also tested using immunoassays to detect antibodies against eight virus groups. Significant viral diversity, including CoVs closely related to ancestors of pig pathogens, was detected in bats roosting at the human-animal interfaces, illustrating the high risk for CoV spillover from bats to pigs in Viet Nam, where pig density is very high. Season and reproductive period were significantly associated with the detection of bat CoVs, with site-specific effects. Phylogeographic analysis indicated localized viral transmission among pig farms. Our limited human sampling did not detect any known zoonotic bat viruses in human communities living close to the bat cave and harvesting bat guano, but our serological assays showed possible previous exposure to Marburg virus-like (Filoviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-like (Bunyaviridae) viruses and flaviviruses. Targeted and coordinated One Health surveillance helped uncover this viral pathogen emergence hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Latinne
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | | | - Nguyen Van Long
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Bich Ngoc
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Bich Thuy
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thanh Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | | | - Le Tin Vinh Quang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City 72106, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Tung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Sinh Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Trong Duoc
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duc Thinh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Randal Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keersten Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ken Inui
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi 11112, Viet Nam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi 11112, Viet Nam
| | - Christine K Johnson
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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5
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Pruvot M, Denstedt E, Latinne A, Porco A, Montecino-Latorre D, Khammavong K, Milavong P, Phouangsouvanh S, Sisavanh M, Nga NTT, Ngoc PTB, Thanh VD, Chea S, Sours S, Phommachanh P, Theppangna W, Phiphakhavong S, Vanna C, Masphal K, Sothyra T, San S, Chamnan H, Long PT, Diep NT, Duoc VT, Zimmer P, Brown K, Olson SH, Fine AE. WildHealthNet: Supporting the development of sustainable wildlife health surveillance networks in Southeast Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160748. [PMID: 36513230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife and wildlife interfaces with people and livestock are essential surveillance targets to monitor emergent or endemic pathogens or new threats affecting wildlife, livestock, and human health. However, limitations of previous investments in scope and duration have resulted in a neglect of wildlife health surveillance (WHS) systems at national and global scales, particularly in lower and middle income countries (LMICs). Building on decades of wildlife health activities in LMICs, we demonstrate the implementation of a locally-driven multi-pronged One Health approach to establishing WHS in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam under the WildHealthNet initiative. WildHealthNet utilizes existing local capacity in the animal, public health, and environmental sectors for event based or targeted surveillance and disease detection. To scale up surveillance systems to the national level, WildHealthNet relies on iterative field implementation and policy development, capacity bridging, improving data collection and management systems, and implementing context specific responses to wildlife health intelligence. National WHS systems piloted in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam engaged protected area rangers, wildlife rescue centers, community members, and livestock and human health sector staff and laboratories. Surveillance activities detected outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds, African swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa), Lumpy skin disease in banteng (Bos javanicus), and other endemic zoonotic pathogens identified as surveillance priorities by local stakeholders. In Cambodia and Lao PDR, national plans for wildlife disease surveillance are being signed into legislation. Cross-sectoral and trans-disciplinary approaches are needed to implement effective WHS systems. Long-term commitment, and paralleled implementation and policy development are key to sustainable WHS networks. WildHealthNet offers a roadmap to aid in the development of locally-relevant and locally-led WHS systems that support the global objectives of the World Organization for Animal Health's Wildlife Health Framework and other international agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pruvot
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA; University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Emily Denstedt
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Alice Latinne
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Alice Porco
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Kongsy Khammavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | | | - Manoly Sisavanh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Country Program, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Pham Thi Bich Ngoc
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vo Duy Thanh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Sokha Chea
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyem Sours
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Country Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Phouvong Phommachanh
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Watthana Theppangna
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Sithong Phiphakhavong
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Chhuon Vanna
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity, Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kry Masphal
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity, Forestry Administration, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tum Sothyra
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sorn San
- General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hong Chamnan
- General Directorate of Natural Protected Areas, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pham Thanh Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Diep
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Trong Duoc
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Patrick Zimmer
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
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6
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Elnaiem A, Mohamed-Ahmed O, Zumla A, Mecaskey J, Charron N, Abakar MF, Raji T, Bahalim A, Manikam L, Risk O, Okereke E, Squires N, Nkengasong J, Rüegg SR, Abdel Hamid MM, Osman AY, Kapata N, Alders R, Heymann DL, Kock R, Dar O. Global and regional governance of One Health and implications for global health security. Lancet 2023; 401:688-704. [PMID: 36682375 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The apparent failure of global health security to prevent or prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for closer cooperation between human, animal (domestic and wildlife), and environmental health sectors. However, the many institutions, processes, regulatory frameworks, and legal instruments with direct and indirect roles in the global governance of One Health have led to a fragmented, global, multilateral health security architecture. We explore four challenges: first, the sectoral, professional, and institutional silos and tensions existing between human, animal, and environmental health; second, the challenge that the international legal system, state sovereignty, and existing legal instruments pose for the governance of One Health; third, the power dynamics and asymmetry in power between countries represented in multilateral institutions and their impact on priority setting; and finally, the current financing mechanisms that predominantly focus on response to crises, and the chronic underinvestment for epidemic and emergency prevention, mitigation, and preparedness activities. We illustrate the global and regional dimensions to these four challenges and how they relate to national needs and priorities through three case studies on compulsory licensing, the governance of water resources in the Lake Chad Basin, and the desert locust infestation in east Africa. Finally, we propose 12 recommendations for the global community to address these challenges. Despite its broad and holistic agenda, One Health continues to be dominated by human and domestic animal health experts. Substantial efforts should be made to address the social-ecological drivers of health emergencies including outbreaks of emerging, re-emerging, and endemic infectious diseases. These drivers include climate change, biodiversity loss, and land-use change, and therefore require effective and enforceable legislation, investment, capacity building, and integration of other sectors and professionals beyond health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Elnaiem
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Olaa Mohamed-Ahmed
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tajudeen Raji
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ammad Bahalim
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Logan Manikam
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Omar Risk
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - John Nkengasong
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Simon R Rüegg
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robyn Alders
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK; Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David L Heymann
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Osman Dar
- Global Operations, London, UK; Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
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7
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Using integrated wildlife monitoring to prevent future pandemics through one health approach. One Health 2022; 16:100479. [PMID: 36600947 PMCID: PMC9806683 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the One Health context, Integrated Wildlife Monitoring (IWM) merges wildlife health monitoring (WHM) and host community monitoring to early detect emerging infections, record changes in disease dynamics, and assess the impact of interventions in complex multi-host and multi-pathogen networks. This study reports the deployment and results obtained from a nationwide IWM pilot test in eleven sites representing the habitat diversity of mainland Spain. In each study site, camera-trap networks and sampling of indicator species for antibody and biomarker analysis were used to generate information. The results allowed identifying differences in biodiversity and host community characteristics among the study sites, with a range of 8 to 19 relevant host species per point. The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) was the most connected and central species of the host communities, becoming a key target indicator species for IWM. A negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk was detected, with a lower number and prevalence of circulating pathogens in the sites with more species in the community and larger network size. However, this overall trend was modified by specific host-community and environmental factors, such as the relative index of wild boar - red deer interactions or the proximity to urban habitats, suggesting that human-driven imbalances may favour pathogen circulation. The effort of incorporating wildlife population monitoring into the currently applied WHM programs to achieve effective IWM was also evaluated, allowing to identify population monitoring as the most time-consuming component, which should be improved in the future. This first nationwide application of IWM allowed to detect drivers and hotspots for disease transmission risk among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, as well as identifying key target indicator species for monitoring. Moreover, anthropogenic effects such as artificially high wildlife densities and urbanisation were identified as risk factors for disease prevalence and interspecific transmission.
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8
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Ballari SA, Barrios-García MN. Mismatch between media coverage and research on invasive species: The case of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Argentina. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279601. [PMID: 36548385 PMCID: PMC9778503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are a pervasive driver of global change with increasing media coverage. Media coverage and framing can influence both invasive species management and policies, as well as shed light on research needs. Using the wild boar (Sus scrofa) invasion in Argentina as a case study, we conducted a content analysis of media coverage and scientific articles. Specifically, we compared news and scientific articles based on their emphasis: ecological, economic, and health impacts and the overall perception portrayed in the news: "positive" when the articles emphasized benefits from wild boar and "negative" when focused on damage and/or loss. A literature search using Google news, Web of Science, Scielo, and Google Scholar yielded a total of 194 news articles and 37 research papers on wild boar in Argentina. More than half of the news articles focused on economic impacts of wild boar (56%) such as sport hunting, illegal hunting, and road accidents; while 27% focused on ecological impacts, and 10% on health impacts. In contrast, the majority of the scientific articles (65%) focused on ecological impacts of wild boar on native species and ecosystems; while 21% were related to health impacts and only 8.3% of scientific articles were related to economic impacts. This mismatch between media and science reveals a disconnection between social and scientific interests in wild boar and their management in Argentina, and it provides insights to research needs and prevention of management conflicts. Additionally, we found that 66.8% of news articles focused on "negative" aspects of wild boar, while 33.2% of news articles portrayed "positive" perceptions. This finding is very important because the management of invasive species such as wild boar usually requires lethal techniques, and the success of the programs depend on favorable social and political support. Good science communication is therefore key to helping scientists and managers perform more effective management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A. Ballari
- Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi (CENAC-APN) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Noelia Barrios-García
- Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi (CENAC-APN) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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9
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Shanks S, van Schalkwyk MCI, Cunningham AA. A call to prioritise prevention: Action is needed to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease emergence. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 23:100506. [PMID: 36124110 PMCID: PMC9482102 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes to the environment are facilitating the spread of animal pathogens into human populations. A global focus on detecting and containing emerging infectious diseases has deflected from the need for upstream prevention measures to reduce the risk of pathogen emergence. The drivers of infectious disease emergence have predominantly been considered as environmental and conservation issues and not as risks to human health. There is an opportunity for the UK to take a leadership position on this complex issue. This will require the establishment and maintenance of effective governance and policy mandates. Novel ways of policymaking are needed urgently to achieve three key aims: coordination and collaboration across sectors and government departments, the inclusion of diverse expertise, and the prioritisation of measures directed at prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shanks
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - May CI van Schalkwyk
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
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Islam A, Ferdous J, Islam S, Sayeed MA, Rahman MK, Saha O, Hassan MM, Shirin T. Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One Health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2523-2543. [PMID: 34694705 PMCID: PMC8662162 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophus bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2-related viruses. Initially, pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to humans, but they might be infected by human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like mink-to-mink and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companions and captive wild animals were infected by an emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species - cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters and bats - showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confront the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pets and captive animals to stop spillovers and spillback events. We recommend sustainable One Health surveillance at the animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental ScienceDeakin UniversityVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Shariful Islam
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Sayeed
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Kaisar Rahman
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Otun Saha
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUnited States
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChattogramBangladesh
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of EpidemiologyDisease Control and Research (IEDCR)DhakaBangladesh
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Cardoso B, García-Bocanegra I, Acevedo P, Cáceres G, Alves PC, Gortázar C. Stepping up from wildlife disease surveillance to integrated wildlife monitoring in Europe. Res Vet Sci 2021; 144:149-156. [PMID: 34815105 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a context of disease emergence and faced with the ever-growing evidence of the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of transmissible diseases, efforts have been made to develop wildlife disease surveillance (WDS) programs throughout Europe. Disease monitoring is ideally composed of "numerator data" (number of infected individuals) and "denominator data" (size of the target population). Too often however, information is available for only one. Hence, there is a need for developing integrated and harmonized disease and population monitoring tools for wildlife: integrated wildlife monitoring (IWM). IWM should have three components. Passive disease surveillance improves the likelihood of early detection of emerging diseases, while active surveillance and population monitoring are required to assess epidemiological dynamics, freedom of disease, and the outcome of interventions. Here, we review the characteristics of ongoing WDS in Europe, observe how pathogens have been ranked, and note a need for ranking host species, too. Then, we list the challenges for WDS and draw a roadmap for stepping up from WDS to IWM. There is a need to integrate and maintain an equilibrium between the three components of IWM, improve data collection and accessibility, and guarantee the adaptability of these schemes to each epidemiological context and temporal period. Methodological harmonization and centralization of information at a European level would increase efficiency of national programs and improve the follow-up of eventual interventions. The ideal IWM would integrate capacities from different stakeholder; allow to rapidly incorporate relevant new knowledge; and rely on stable capacities and funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cardoso
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS, Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- GISAZ, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Germán Cáceres
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulo C Alves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS, Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Christian Gortázar
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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How to Start Up a National Wildlife Health Surveillance Programme. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092543. [PMID: 34573509 PMCID: PMC8467383 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A sound understanding of wildlife health is required to inform disease management and mitigation measures in order to help safeguard public, livestock, companion animal and wildlife health. Whilst multiple countries in Europe have schemes for wildlife health surveillance (WHS) in place that monitor the disease conditions that affect free-living wildlife, these vary in scope and scale. In 2018, the Network for WHS of the European Wildlife Disease Association hosted a meeting where representatives from countries with variable levels of current WHS were invited to share knowledge and experience of how their programmes began or were expanded. Through a series of presentations, the events that led to the start-up and expansion of WHS programmes were highlighted, such as the creation of action plans and collaboration through partnership formation. Challenges to development were identified, including limited funding and logistical difficulties around data sharing and the harmonisation of methods. Following a panel discussion, a series of practical recommendations were formulated, offering guidance on how to overcome key challenges for the instigation of national WHS programmes. It is hoped that this resource will provide a useful tool to help support the creation and expansion of WHS programmes in Europe and beyond. Abstract Whilst multiple countries in Europe have wildlife health surveillance (WHS) programmes, they vary in scope. In many countries, coordinated general surveillance at a national scale is not conducted and the knowledge of wildlife health status in Europe remains limited. Learning lessons from countries with established systems may help others to effectively implement WHS schemes. In order to facilitate information exchange, the WHS Network of the European Wildlife Disease Association organised a workshop to both collate knowledge and experience from countries that had started or expanded WHS programmes and to translate this information into practical recommendations. Presentations were given by invited representatives of European countries with different WHS levels. Events that led to the start-up and fostered growth spurts of WHS were highlighted, including action plan creation, partnership formation, organisation restructuring and appraisal by external audit. Challenges to programme development, such as a lack of funding, data sharing, infrastructural provision and method harmonisation, were explored. Recommendations to help overcome key challenges were summarised as: understanding and awareness; cross-sectoral scope; national-scale collaboration; harmonisation of methods; government support; academic support; other funding support; staff expertise and capacity; leadership, feedback and engagement; and threat mitigation and wildlife disease management. This resource may enable the development of WHS programmes in Europe and beyond.
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