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Silva DAS, Aubert S, Manyanga T, Lee EY, Salvo D, Tremblay MS. Physical Activity Report Card Indicators and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Insights From Global Matrix 4.0. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39379013 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recognizes that physical activity (PA) during childhood is crucial for healthy development, aligning well with the achievement of several United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to explore the associations between 10 key indicators of PA for children and adolescents assessed in the Global Matrix 4.0 project, and the UN SDGs. METHODS Data from 57 countries/jurisdictions of the Global Matrix 4.0 project were used. The UN SDG indicators were sourced from the SDG Transformation Center, which publishes each country's performance on each of the 17 SDGs. Given the robust evidence supporting plausible links between PA and SDGs 3 (good health and well-being), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), 13 (climate action), and 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), these SDGs were investigated. RESULTS Countries/jurisdictions with good and moderate performance in achieving SDG 3, SDG 9, SDG 11, and SDG 16 had higher grades than countries/jurisdictions with fair performance in achieving these SDGs for the following indicators: Organized Sports and PA, Community and Environment, and Government Investments and Strategies. However, countries/jurisdictions with good performance in achieving SDG 13 had lower grades than countries/jurisdictions with fair performance in achieving SDG 13 for the following indicators: Organized Sports and PA, Community and Environment, and Government Investments and Strategies. CONCLUSIONS Organized Sports and PA, Community and Environment, and Government Investments and Strategies were the indicators that demonstrated differences between countries/jurisdictions with good and poor performance in achieving the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Sports Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Salomé Aubert
- Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taru Manyanga
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wu H, Ruan H, Eungpinichpong W, Zhou W. The effects of physical exercise on fitness and emotion in Chinese preschoolers. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2407. [PMID: 39232695 PMCID: PMC11375933 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children under the age of five has emerged as a significant issue in recent years. Physical activity and fitness among children and adolescents have declined globally in the past few decades. Studies have indicated a link between levels of physical activity and cognitive performance in preschool children. METHODS This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of three different types of physical education programmes on the physical fitness and emotional competence of 239 preschoolers(mean age = 5.49 ± 0.60 years, 54.4% boys)in Haikou, China. The preschoolers were grouped based on which programme they were assigned to: the "Hello Sunshine" ball skills programme (HS group), ordinary physical education (OPE group), and free play (FP group). The "Hello Sunshine" ball skills programme used both a structured curriculum design and autonomous activity selection during outdoor time., which were conducive to children's physical fitness.The National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual and the shortened version of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30) were used to assess physical fitness and emotional competence, respectively. These assessments were conducted both before and after the ten-week intervention period. The analysis utilised a mixed-effects model for physical fitness and a mixed-model ANOVA for the SCBE data. RESULTS The HS group and OPE group demonstrated significantly improvement in the standing long jump, 10-m shuttle run and balance beam walking than the FP group; meanwhile, only anxious-withdrawal levels showed a significant grouping effect and group-by-time interaction effect. After the intervention, both the HS group and the FP group showed significantly lower scores for anxiety compared to the OPE group, with no significant difference observed between the HS and FP groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that structured ball skills programmes may promote physical fitness and reduce anxiety. The integration of effective physical exercise programmes into preschool curricula holds the potential for promoting holistic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Faculty of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 5771158, China
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Hui Ruan
- Faculty of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 5771158, China.
| | - Wichai Eungpinichpong
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, PT Division of Physical Therapy, BNOJHP Research Center, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wenlonog Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition &Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China
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Stevens WR, Anable NR, Barrett C, Jeans KA, Podeszwa DA. Investigating the association between self-reported physical function, temporo-spatial parameters, walking kinematics and community-based ambulatory activity: Analysis of post-operative hip preservation patients. Gait Posture 2024; 113:53-57. [PMID: 38843707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wearable sensors provide the ability to assess ambulatory activity in the community after hip preservation surgery (HPS). In combination with gait analysis and patient reported outcomes, more perspective on post-operative function is gained. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between self-reported function/activity, temporo-spatial parameters and walking kinematics to objectively measured ambulatory activity. METHODS Forty-nine participants (38 Females; age range 16-38 years) who were five years or more post-surgery and the following diagnoses were included: Acetabular Dysplasia (n=34), Femoroacetabular Impingement (n=12) and Legg-Calvé Perthes disease (n=3). Participants underwent 3D gait analysis and gait deviations were quantified using the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Profile Score (GPS). Temporo-spatial parameters were also calculated. Self-reported pain/function and activity level were assessed via the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and UCLA Activity Scale (UCLA). Participants wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor in their community and the Intensity/Duration of ambulatory bouts were analyzed. Spearman correlation coefficients were run to assess the following relationships: in-lab walking measures, self-reported function/activity vs.community ambulatory activity. RESULTS There were no statistically significant correlations between HHS, UCLA or temporospatial parameters with ambulatory activity (p>0.05). Worsening gait deviations (GDI/GPS scores) correlated with daily total ambulatory time (ρ=0.284/-0.284, p<0.05), time spent in Short duration ambulatory bouts (ρ=-0.321/0.321, p<0.05) and the amount of time in Long duration ambulatory bouts (ρ=0.366/-0.366, p<0.05). The amount of time spent in Easy intensity/Short duration and Easy intensity/Long duration ambulatory bouts did have a weak correlation with the GDI and GPS (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In HPS patients after long-term follow up, ambulatory activity in the community did not correlate with patient reported outcomes but there was a weak correlation with the presence of gait deviations. Incorporating wearable sensors to assess community ambulatory bout intensity/duration, provides additional quantifiable measures into the overall function of patients following HPS.
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Mwase-Vuma TW, Janssen X, Chong KH, Okely AD, Tremblay MS, Draper CE, Webster EK, Florindo AA, Staiano AE, Pham BN, Tanaka C, Koh D, Guan H, Tang HK, Löf M, Hossain MS, Munambah NE, Cross P, Chathurangana PP, Reilly JJ. Prevalence and Correlates of Adherence to the Global Total Physical Activity Guideline Based on Step Counting Among 3- to 4-Year-Olds: Evidence From SUNRISE Pilot Studies From 17 Countries. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:794-801. [PMID: 38917992 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence from globally diverse samples on the prevalence and correlates of meeting the global guideline of 180 minutes per day of total physical activity (TPA) among 3- to 4-year-olds. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving 797 (49.2% girls) 3- to 4-year-olds from 17 middle- and high-income countries who participated in the pilot phases 1 and 2 of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years. Daily step count was measured using thigh-worn activPAL accelerometers. Children wore the accelerometers for at least one 24-hour period. Children were categorized as meeting the TPA guideline based on achieving ≥11,500 steps per day. Descriptive analyses were conducted to describe the proportion of meeting the TPA guideline for the overall sample and each of the sociodemographic variables, and 95% CIs were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the sociodemographic correlates of meeting the TPA guideline. RESULTS Mean daily step count was 10,295 steps per day (SD = 4084). Approximately one-third of the sample (30.9%, 95% CI, 27.6-34.2) met the TPA guideline. The proportion meeting the guideline was significantly lower among girls (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.51-0.96) and 4-year-olds (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.34-0.75) and higher among rural residents (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.27-2.49) and those from lower middle-income countries (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI, 0.89-2.04). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that a minority of children might meet the TPA guideline globally, and the risk of not meeting the guideline differed by sociodemographic indicators. These findings suggest the need for more surveillance of TPA in young children globally and, possibly, interventions to improve childhood health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawonga W Mwase-Vuma
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Antonio Florindo
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bang Nguyen Pham
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Denise Koh
- Centre of Community Education & Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Hong K Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nyaradzai E Munambah
- Rehabilitation Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Penny Cross
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John J Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Larouche R, Rostami Haji Abadi M, Aubert S, Bhawra J, Brazo-Sayavera J, Carson V, Colley RC, Nyström CD, Esliger DW, Harper-Brown R, Gonzalez Cifuentes SA, Jáuregui A, Katewongsa P, Khadilkar A, Kira G, Kuzik N, Liu Y, Lof M, Loney T, Manyanga T, Mwase-Vuma TW, Oyeyemi AL, Reilly JJ, Richards J, Roberts K, Sarmiento OL, Silva DAS, Smith M, Subedi N, Vanderloo LM, Widyastari DA, Wilson OWA, Wong SH, Tremblay MS. Development and validation of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (GAC-PAQ) in 14 countries: study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082275. [PMID: 39053955 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global surveillance of physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with questionnaires is limited by the use of instruments developed in high-income countries (HICs) lacking sociocultural adaptation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); under-representation of some PA domains; and omission of active play, an important source of PA. Addressing these limitations would help improve international comparisons, and facilitate the cross-fertilisation of ideas to promote PA. We aim to develop and assess the reliability and validity of the app-based Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (GAC-PAQ) among 8-17 years old in 14 LMICs and HICs representing all continents; and generate the 'first available data' on active play in most participating countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our study involves eight stages: (1) systematic review of psychometric properties of existing PA questionnaires for children and adolescents; (2) development of the GAC-PAQ (first version); (3) content validity assessment with global experts; (4) cognitive interviews with children/adolescents and parents in all 14 countries; (5) development of a revised GAC-PAQ; (6) development and adaptation of the questionnaire app (application); (7) pilot-test of the app-based GAC-PAQ; and, (8) main study with a stratified, sex-balanced and urban/rural-balanced sample of 500 children/adolescents and one of their parents/guardians per country. Participants will complete the GAC-PAQ twice to assess 1-week test-retest reliability and wear an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for 9 days to test concurrent validity. To assess convergent validity, subsamples (50 adolescents/country) will simultaneously complete the PA module from existing international surveys. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approvals from research ethics boards and relevant organisations will be obtained in all participating countries. We anticipate that the GAC-PAQ will facilitate global surveillance of PA in children/adolescents. Our project includes a robust knowledge translation strategy sensitive to social determinants of health to inform inclusive surveillance and PA interventions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Salomé Aubert
- Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rachel C Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ryan Harper-Brown
- Department of New Media, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Geoff Kira
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Lof
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Taru Manyanga
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tawonga W Mwase-Vuma
- Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Department of Physiotherapy, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - John J Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Justin Richards
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karen Roberts
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Melody Smith
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Oliver W A Wilson
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S H Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Brazo-Sayavera J, Silva DR, Lang JJ, Tomkinson GR, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, García-Hermoso A, Gaya AR, Jurak G, Lee EY, Liu Y, Lubans DR, Okely AD, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Tremblay MS, Dos Santos L. Physical Fitness Surveillance and Monitoring Systems Inventory for Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review with a Global Perspective. Sports Med 2024; 54:1755-1769. [PMID: 38710913 PMCID: PMC11258155 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance of health-related physical fitness can improve decision-making and intervention strategies promoting health for children and adolescents. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness globally. This review sought to address this gap by identifying: (1) national-level surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness among children and adolescents globally, (2) the main barriers and challenges to implementing surveillance/monitoring systems, and (3) governmental actions related to existing surveillance/monitoring systems. We used a scoping review to search, obtain, group, summarize, and analyze available evidence. Our review involved three stages: (1) identification of surveillance systems through a systematic literature review, with complementary search of the grey literature (e.g., reference lists, Google Scholar, webpages, recommendations), (2) systematic consultation with relevant experts using a Delphi method to confirm/add systems and to gather and analyze information on the barriers and challenges to implementing systems, and (3) Web searches for public documents on government sites and surveillance/monitoring system pages, and direct internet searches to identify relevant governmental actions related to surveillance systems. A total of 15 fitness surveillance/monitoring systems met our inclusion criteria. Experts identified a lack of government support and funding, and the low priority of fitness on the public health agenda as the main barriers/challenges to implementation. Several governmental actions related to surveillance systems were identified, including policies, strategies, programs, and guidelines. We propose a Global Observatory of Physical Fitness to help address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Health Research and Innovation Science Centre, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education, Art and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anelise R Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, China
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health, University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health, University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leandro Dos Santos
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Ryan M, Ricardo LIC, Nathan N, Hofmann R, van Sluijs E. Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:590-598. [PMID: 38367804 PMCID: PMC11184296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity, and whether associations differ by school level, country/region income, and assessment method. METHODS An ecological study design was employed. We collected data about global uniform practices using an online survey. We searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance studies. Study selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process, and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were accurate. We calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each country. Linear regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices (binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance (absolute and relative inequalities). We investigated moderation by school level, stratified analyses by income group, and repeated primary analyses using device-measured data. RESULTS Pooling data from 135 countries/regions (n = 1,089,852), we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages (absolute: β = -0.2; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.7 to 1.3, p = 0.74; relative: β = 0.1; 95%CI: -0.1 to 0.2, p = 0.51). Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings (absolute: β = 4.3; 95%CI: -0.0 to 8.6, p = 0.05). Among high-income countries, absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices (N = 37) compared to those without (N = 48) (9.1 (SD = 3.6) vs. 7.8 percentage points (SD = 4.3)). Repeating analyses using device-measured data (n = 32,130; N = 24) did not alter our primary finding. From initial descriptive statistics, we found that in countries/regions where a majority of schools (>50%) reportedly use uniforms, there was lower compliance with physical activity guidelines among all genders (median: 16.0%, interquartile range: 13.2%-19.9%, N = 103) compared to generally non-uniform countries/regions (median: 19.5%, interquartile range: 16.4%-23.5%, N = 32) (z = 3.04, p = 0.002). (N = countries, regions and studies represented; n = sample size or participants included). CONCLUSION School uniforms are associated with greater gender inequalities in physical activity in primary school settings and in high-income countries. Our population-level findings warrant testing using individual-level data across contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Ryan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK.
| | - Luiza I C Ricardo
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Riikka Hofmann
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Trost SG, Terranova CO, Brookes DSK, Chai LK, Byrne RA. Reliability and validity of rapid assessment tools for measuring 24-hour movement behaviours in children aged 0-5 years: the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire Baby (MBQ-B) and child (MBQ-C). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:43. [PMID: 38654342 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of validated "fit-for-purpose" rapid assessment tools to measure 24-hour movement behaviours in children aged 0-5 years is a research priority. This study evaluated the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the open-ended and closed-ended versions of the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire for baby (MBQ-B) and child (MBQ-C). METHODS 300 parent-child dyads completed the 10-day study protocol (MBQ-B: N = 85; MBQ-C: N = 215). To assess validity, children wore an accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist (ActiGraph GT3X+) for 7 days and parents completed 2 × 24-hour time use diaries (TUDs) recording screen time and sleep on two separate days. For babies (i.e., not yet walking), parents completed 2 × 24-hour TUDs recording tummy time, active play, restrained time, screen time, and sleep on days 2 and 5 of the 7-day monitoring period. To assess test-retest reliability, parents were randomised to complete either the open- or closed-ended versions of the MBQ on day 7 and on day 10. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's) were calculated using generalized linear mixed models and validity was assessed via Spearman correlations. RESULTS Test-retest reliability for the MBQ-B was good to excellent with ICC's ranging from 0.80 to 0.94 and 0.71-0.93 for the open- and closed-ended versions, respectively. For both versions, significant positive correlations were observed between 24-hour diary and MBQ-B reported tummy time, active play, restrained time, screen time, and sleep (rho = 0.39-0.87). Test-retest reliability for the MBQ-C was moderate to excellent with ICC's ranging from 0.68 to 0.98 and 0.44-0.97 for the open- and closed-ended versions, respectively. For both the open- and closed-ended versions, significant positive correlations were observed between 24-hour diary and MBQ-C reported screen time and sleep (rho = 0.44-0.86); and between MBQ-C reported and device-measured time in total activity and energetic play (rho = 0.27-0.42). CONCLUSIONS The MBQ-B and MBQ-C are valid and reliable rapid assessment tools for assessing 24-hour movement behaviours in infants, toddlers, and pre-schoolers. Both the open- and closed-ended versions of the MBQ are suitable for research conducted for policy and practice purposes, including the evaluation of scaled-up early obesity prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart G Trost
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Caroline O Terranova
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Denise S K Brookes
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Li Kheng Chai
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Health and Wellbeing Queensland, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Christofaro DGD, Tebar WR, Mota J, Delfino LD, Santos AB, Ritti-Dias RM, Fernandes RA, Ferrari G, Vanderlei LCM. Association of Sports Practice in Childhood and Adolescence with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Adulthood: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38625654 PMCID: PMC11021389 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practicing sports during childhood and adolescence provides benefits to cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) at these stages of life. However, it is not known whether these benefits to CAM persist into adulthood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the association of early sports practice (sports practice in childhood and/or adolescence) with CAM in adult life, regardless of habitual moderate-to-vigorous PA. METHODS The sample of the present study consisted of 242 adults (141 women and 101 men; age: 41.99 ± 16.24). The assessment of CAM was performed using heart rate variability indices. Sports practice in childhood and adolescence was assessed using a questionnaire. The intensity of physical activity was assessed using accelerometry. To analyze the association between previous sports practice (childhood and/or adolescence) and CAM, the Generalized Linear Model was adopted, considering CAM indices as continuous variables and early sports practice as a 3-fold factor (no sports practice; sports practice in childhood or adolescence; and sports practice in both childhood and adolescence) adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic condition, and moderate to vigorous PA. RESULTS Sports practice in childhood was associated with the average standard deviation of all normal RR intervals expressed in milliseconds (SDNN): β = 5.89; 95%CI: 0.25;11.52, and the standard deviation of the long-term intervals between consecutive heartbeats (SD2): β = 7.63; 95%CI:1.04; 14.23 indices. Sports practice in adolescence was associated in adulthood with the SD2 index: β = 7.37; 95%CI: 0.71;14.04. Sports practice in at least one of the periods (childhood or adolescence) was significantly associated with the square root of the mean square of the differences between adjacent normal RR intervals for a period of time expressed in milliseconds (RMSSD) (β = 8.86; 95%CI = 0.71;17.01), and the standard deviation of the instantaneous beat to beat variability (SD1) (β = 6.21; 95%CI = 0.45;11.97). Sports practice at both stages of life was significantly associated with better SDNN (β = 7.70; 95%CI = 1.16;14.23) and SD2 (β = 10.18; 95%CI = 2.51;17.85). CONCLUSION Early sports practice was associated with better CAM in adulthood, independently of the current physical activity level. Based on these findings, sports practice is encouraged from childhood and adolescence, for benefits to CAM in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - William R Tebar
- Centre of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro D Delfino
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Santos
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Ritti-Dias
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Luiz Carlos M Vanderlei
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen Street, n° 305, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19060-900, Brazil
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10
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Brennan C, O’Donoghue G, Keogh A, Rhodes RE, Matthews J. "It's what mothers do." A qualitative exploration of mothers' experiences of supporting their daughter to be physically active. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299260. [PMID: 38558034 PMCID: PMC10984520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Girls are more at risk than boys of the non-communicable diseases associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (PA), therefore it is important to explore the reasons why girls maintain or cease to be physically active. Maternal support plays an important role in girl's PA, yet the factors influencing mothers' support of their PA have received limited exploration. In response, the aim of this study was to explore, mothers' experiences of supporting their daughters to be physically active and their perceptions of the factors that might influence these experiences. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers (n = 29) of girls (Mean age = 10.9 years; SD = 0.6). Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data, with themes mapped to the relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS Themes highlighted how mothers described providing PA support as an inherent part of their parental role and how their role was influenced by their own PA identity. Mothers recognised that the type and amount of support they provided was impacted by the community setting in which they lived. Mothers acknowledged how the role of others (e.g., partners, grandparents, peers) added a layer of complexity to supporting their daughters to be active. CONCLUSION This study advances our understanding of maternal PA support behaviours recognising the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors. Additionally, the use of the Theoretical Domains Framework presents an in-depth behavioural diagnosis which can be used to inform future theory-based interventions to promote parent support of children's PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Brennan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grainne O’Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Keogh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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De Craemer M, Veldman SL, Azevedo LB, Bardid F, Del Pozo Cruz J, Engberg E, Jarani J, Kontsevaya A, Löf M, Martins C, Nalecz H, Okely A, Tremblay M, Venetsanou F, Yildiz M, Reilly JJ. Practical steps needed to achieve impact of the WHO 2019 movement behaviour guidelines for children under the age of 5: the SUNRISE Study Europe Group evaluation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 39:100869. [PMID: 38803629 PMCID: PMC11129333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Liane B. Azevedo
- Sheffield Hallam University, Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, 2 Old Hall Rd, Sheffield, S93TU, England
| | - Farid Bardid
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Education, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland
| | - Jesus Del Pozo Cruz
- Departamento de Educación Fisica y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juel Jarani
- Albanian Sports Science Association, Albania
| | - Anna Kontsevaya
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare, Russian Federation
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, NEO/Group MLÖ, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clarice Martins
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4500, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hanna Nalecz
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, ul. Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia and Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal Norway
| | - Mark Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fotini Venetsanou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkiye
| | - John J. Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland
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12
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Hills AP, Jayasinghe S, Arena R, Byrne NM. Global status of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity - Are we improving or getting worse? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:16-22. [PMID: 38417767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite heightened recognition of the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to cardiovascular (CV) health, along with updated international consensus guidelines for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), significant proportions of the global adult population are physically inactive, and do not meet the threshold for CRF. Physical inactivity is considered a surrogate for low CRF given that the former is defined as not reaching the recommended minimum level of PA per week to derive a health benefit. Physical inactivity remains a major global public health problem despite decades of work by various United Nations agencies, and members of the international community to improve PA levels. Given the common coupling between physical inactivity and poor health status, it is reasonable to suggest that for a significant proportion of the global population, CRF is compromised by physical inactivity. This poses a longer-term risk to morbidity and mortality. Here we provide an indicative summary of the global status of CRF and PA and reference the implications for global health. We briefly reference opportunities moving forward, including reinforcement of the importance of engaging in movement from an early age, discouraging SB, and taking a life course approach to optimise healthy living for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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13
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Bakalár P, Hnidková L, Ružbarská B, Ružbarský P, Slančová TK, Kopčáková J, Kostičová M, Gába A. First report card on physical activity for children and adolescents in Slovakia: a comprehensive analysis, international comparison, and identification of surveillance gaps. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:16. [PMID: 38291533 PMCID: PMC10826129 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National surveillance of physical activity (PA) is essential to establish public health policy actions for PA promotion and evaluation, thereby promoting accountability. The main goal of this study is to comprehensively analyse surveillance data on PA behaviours, outcomes, and influencing factors among Slovakian children and adolescents by using the methodology of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrix (AHKGA-GM) project. Secondary goals are to provide comparisons with international data and the identification of surveillance gaps. METHODS A comprehensive multilevel search strategy for data about 10 core indicators and 1 additional indicator published between 2015 and 2020 (solely pre-COVID-19-pandemic data) was used. The data were then synthesised, and a set of standardised benchmarks was used to assign grades according to The Global Matrix 4.0 Grading Rubric. RESULTS A total of 552 potentially relevant data resources were retrieved, of which 34 were identified as eligible for data extraction. Grade B was assigned to four core indicators, grade C to five core indicators, and grade D to one core indicator. The additional Sleep indicator was graded a C-. Compared with the average grades from countries with high Human Development Index scores, Slovakia received higher grades in five core indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours, School, Government), and in the aggregate Behavioural average and Overall average. Compared with global averages, Slovakia had higher grades in the aforementioned core and aggregate indicators, and in the Community and Environment core indicator and aggregate Sources of Influence average indicator. Numerous surveillance gaps were identified. CONCLUSIONS The overall grading of the available surveillance data suggests the need for improvement in all 10 surveilled core indicators, and in additional Sleep indicator. Despite the fact that numerous identified surveillance gaps limit the overall informative value of the current grade, they provide the important information needed to enhance surveillance of PA-related indicators in Slovakia. For instance, the focus should be put on younger children and parents, on obtaining the device-measured data on various movement behaviours, on the topic of outdoor physical activities, and policy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bakalár
- University of Presov, Faculty of Sports, Prešov, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Hnidková
- University of Presov, Faculty of Sports, Prešov, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Jaroslava Kopčáková
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
- Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Aleš Gába
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Bourke M, Haddara A, Loh A, Carson V, Breau B, Tucker P. Adherence to the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendation in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of accelerometer studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:52. [PMID: 37101226 PMCID: PMC10132436 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that preschool-aged children should engage in 180 min of total physical activity (TPA) including 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day. No systematic reviews or meta-analyses have pooled adherence to the recommendation across multiple studies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving the WHO's physical activity recommendation for young children, and determine if the prevalence differed between boys and girls. METHODS Primary literature searches were conducted on six online databases and a machine learning assisted systematic review was used to identify relevant studies. Studies written in English reporting on the prevalence of children aged 3-5 years achieving overall WHO physical activity recommendation or the individual TPA or MVPA aspects of the recommendation measured using accelerometers were eligible for inclusion. Random effects meta-analysis was used to determine the prevalence of preschools achieving the overall WHO recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspect of the recommendation, and to determine difference in prevalence between boys and girls. RESULTS Forty-eight studies reporting on 20,078 preschool-aged children met the inclusion criteria. Based on the most commonly employed accelerometer cut-points across all aspects of the recommendation, 60% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 37%, 79%) of preschool-aged children adhered to the overall physical activity recommendation, 78% (95% CI = 38%, 95%) adhered to the TPA aspect of the recommendation, and 90% (95% CI = 81%, 95%) adhered to the MVPA aspect of the recommendation. There was substantial variability is prevalence estimates between different accelerometer cut-points. Girls were significantly less likely to achieve the overall recommendation and the MVPA aspect of the recommendation than boys were. CONCLUSIONS Although there was substantial variability in estimated prevalence of preschool-aged children adhering the WHO physical activity recommendation between various accelerometer cut-points, the weight of available evidence suggests that the majority of young children are adhering to the overall recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspects of the recommendation. Large-scale, intercontinental surveillance studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence regarding the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving physical activity recommendation globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Ameena Haddara
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan Loh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Becky Breau
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Effects of Socioeconomic Environment on Physical Activity Levels and Sleep Quality in Basque Schoolchildren. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030551. [PMID: 36980109 PMCID: PMC10047327 DOI: 10.3390/children10030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The socioeconomic and built environment of an area are interrelated with health data and have a direct influence on children’s development. There are facilitators and barriers for schools to promote physical activity depending on the socioeconomic status of the school. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and sleep and the socioeconomic level of children in the Basque Country. The sample consisted of 1139 schoolchildren between the ages of six and seventeen (566 boys and 573 girls) from 75 schools (43 public and 32 private). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test (two samples), Kruskal–Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples), and Spearman’s Rho correlation. There are sex differences in light (200.8 ± 62.5 vs. 215.9 ± 54.7) and moderate (69.0 ± 34.3 vs. 79.9 ± 32.1) physical activity in favour of the female group of higher socioeconomic status compared to male group of higher socioeconomic status. In the case of vigorous physical activity, the female group performed less than the male group across all socioeconomic statuses, which was statistically significant in the groups of high socioeconomic status (11.6 ± 9.3 vs. 6.9 ± 5.7) in group 2 and medium socioeconomic status (11.1 ± 9.3 vs. 7.7 ± 6.1) in group 3. There is an inverse relationship between sedentary behaviour and BMI, total bed time, total sleep time, and night-time awakenings. There is also an inverse relationship between all levels of physical activity performed with respect to BMI and total sleep efficiency. These data point towards notable inequalities in physical activity and daily sleep in Basque schoolchildren, which in turn may be marginalised in our current school system due to the effects of the socioeconomic environment.
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