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Sambol S, Dadswell K, Hanlon C. Beyond stereotypes: The role of exposure in reshaping Children's biases towards women as coaches in sports. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102634. [PMID: 38554927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The underrepresentation of women in sports coaching, linked to discrimination and bias may, according to contact theory, be mitigated by increasing the visibility of women coaches, especially among children. Our study examined whether young athletes exposed to women coaches affected their explicit and implicit biases compared to unexposed peers. Seventy-five children aged between 4 and 17 years were evaluated using two explicit attitude measures and an Implicit Association Task. Results indicated that participants with women coach experience were more explicitly satisfied with woman coaches, preferred them more as potential coaches, and associated men with sports less than those without such exposure. Whilst exposure and implicit bias significantly predicted explicit satisfaction, exposure did not moderate the bias relationship. This suggests that exposure to women coaches reduces negative attitudes in young athletes but does not significantly affect the underlying influence of implicit biases, indicating a need for more comprehensive strategies to address gender inequalities in sports coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Hanlon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Giurgiu LR, Damian C, Sabău AM, Caciora T, Călin FM. Depression Related to COVID-19, Coping, and Hopelessness in Sports Students. Brain Sci 2024; 14:563. [PMID: 38928563 PMCID: PMC11202196 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the impact of the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical states of sports students from Romania and also to compare the differences according to gender and the type of sport. Initially, in order to collect demographic data and health reports, a cross-sectional survey was developed to evaluate the emotional needs of sports students during the pandemic. After the second wave, the coping strategies used by the participants to fight negative emotions were assessed using the CERQ questionnaire. The results indicate that depression symptoms are the most reported psychological issues among the participants and that there are differences according to gender concerning the cognitive schemas they use in order to reduce the symptoms. Also, it was found that there are differences, corresponding to the type of sport, in choosing adaptive coping mechanisms. Ultimately, it was confirmed that higher levels of hopelessness among sports students are associated with increased vulnerability to substance use, with the correlation between those two indicators being strong. Delving deeper into this relationship can help identify critical points for intervention to prevent substance abuse. At the same time, the dichotomic analysis of the results found as moderators-the gender and the type of sport in decreasing the severity of depression could be an important aspect of the next counseling interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodica Giurgiu
- Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania; (L.R.G.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Cosmin Damian
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Anca Maria Sabău
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Tudor Caciora
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Floricica Mariana Călin
- Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania; (L.R.G.); (F.M.C.)
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Xu X, Sarfraz M, Nasrullah U. Health hazards in sports: Exploring the influence of despotic leadership and perceived organizational politics on well-being. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29136. [PMID: 38601699 PMCID: PMC11004656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of despotic leadership has garnered considerable attention in sports. Despotic leadership significantly reflecting leaders' deviant behavior has today heightened the risk of health hazards in the workplace. In addition, the perceived organizational politics have also yielded a deleterious result on employees' well-being. In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, understanding the implications of organizational behavior on well-being is paramount for risk management. This study elucidates the relationships between despotic leadership, perceived organizational politics, workplace incivility, emotional exhaustion, person-organization unfit, and health harm, which can pose significant risks in a healthcare setting. The quantitative study was conducted using an empirical survey with respondents representing sports organizations. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data from 429 participants using Smart PLS. The study findings suggest that despotic leadership and perceived organizational politics can lead to increased risks, manifested as workplace incivility, emotional exhaustion, and person-organization unfit. These organizational risks subsequently translate to tangible health harm for employees. Mediation analyses revealed that workplace incivility, emotional exhaustion, and person-organization unfit mediate the detrimental health outcomes rooted in leadership and organizational politics. The study underscores the urgent need for risk management strategies to foster a healthier organizational culture and leadership approach in healthcare settings. This will ensure enhanced employee well-being and a reduction in associated health risks, thus aligning with best practices in healthcare policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- Institute of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sports Education Center, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Urooj Nasrullah
- College of Business, Concordia University Chicago, 7400 Augusta St, River Forest, IL, 60305, United States
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Makarowski R, Predoiu R, Piotrowski A, Görner K, Predoiu A, Oliveira R, Pelin RA, Moanță AD, Boe O, Rawat S, Ahuja G. Coping Strategies and Perceiving Stress among Athletes during Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Data from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1770. [PMID: 36141381 PMCID: PMC9498477 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown periods. The pandemic restrictions have severely limited professional athletes’ ability to train and participate in competitions. For many who rely on sports as their main source of income, this represents a source of intense stress. To assess the dynamics of perceived stress as well as coping strategies during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out a longitudinal study using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and the Brief COPE on a sample of 2020 professional athletes in Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The results revealed that in all three countries, the highest intrapsychic stress levels were reported during the fourth wave (all, p < 0.01) and the highest external stress levels were reported before the pandemic (p < 0.05). To analyze the data, analyses of variance were carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test and η2 for effect size. Further, emotional tension was the highest among Polish and Slovak athletes in the fourth wave, while the highest among Romanian athletes was in the pre-pandemic period. The coping strategies used by the athletes in the fourth wave were more dysfunctional than during the first wave (independent t test and Cohen’s d were used). The dynamics of the coping strategies—emotion focused and problem focused—were also discussed among Polish, Romanian, and Slovak athletes. Coaches and sports psychologists can modify the athletes’ perceived stress while simultaneously promoting effective coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Makarowski
- Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elbląg, 82-300 Elblag, Poland
| | - Radu Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrzej Piotrowski
- Department of Personality Psychology and Forensic Psychology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Görner
- Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, 08001 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Predoiu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Raluca Anca Pelin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports-Kinetotherapy, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Daniela Moanță
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ole Boe
- Department of Business, Strategy and Political Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3045 Drammen, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, Oslo New University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gayatri Ahuja
- Department of Education, Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing Disabilities, Mumbai 400050, India
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