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Sambol S, Dadswell K, Cook S, Ball M. 'Interesting' or 'boring': Modifying the implicit association task to measure implicit fire interest in an adolescent community sample. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104294. [PMID: 38670041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of explicit measures in assessing fire interest is often compromised by social desirability biases, presenting a challenge for early intervention programs aimed at preventing firesetting behaviour. The current study aimed to validate a novel fire interest Implicit Association Task (IAT), as a more reliable measure of implicit fire interest in adolescents. An Australian community adolescent sample of 85 participants, aged 10-17 (M = 13.65, SD = 1.81), completed a series of questionnaires, and the novel fire interest IAT. Based on self-reports, participants were classified as firelighters (n = 52) or non-firelighters (n = 33). IAT outcomes revealed an inclination towards associating "fire" with "interesting." Notably, firelighters, compared to non-firelighters, performed significantly quicker during hypothesis-consistent trials of the IAT where fire-images were paired with interesting-words. Moreover, a weak correlation emerged between the speed of responses in these hypothesis-consistent IAT trials and self-reported fire interest. This investigation is one of the few that examined the efficacy of implicit measures of fire interest and is the first to do so using a modified IAT. With continued refinement, the fire interest IAT could be successfully used to assist with early intervention programs aimed at preventing child firesetting behaviour. PsychINFO Code: 3230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Cook
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Sambol S, Dadswell K, Hanlon C. Beyond stereotypes: The role of exposure in reshaping Children's biases towards women as coaches in sports. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 73:102634. [PMID: 38554927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The underrepresentation of women in sports coaching, linked to discrimination and bias may, according to contact theory, be mitigated by increasing the visibility of women coaches, especially among children. Our study examined whether young athletes exposed to women coaches affected their explicit and implicit biases compared to unexposed peers. Seventy-five children aged between 4 and 17 years were evaluated using two explicit attitude measures and an Implicit Association Task. Results indicated that participants with women coach experience were more explicitly satisfied with woman coaches, preferred them more as potential coaches, and associated men with sports less than those without such exposure. Whilst exposure and implicit bias significantly predicted explicit satisfaction, exposure did not moderate the bias relationship. This suggests that exposure to women coaches reduces negative attitudes in young athletes but does not significantly affect the underlying influence of implicit biases, indicating a need for more comprehensive strategies to address gender inequalities in sports coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Hanlon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dadswell K, Sambol S, Bruck D, Ball M. The predictive validity of the family risk survey and child risk survey for identifying persistent firesetting risk. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:573-585. [PMID: 36017815 PMCID: PMC10087789 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Young firesetter behavior poses significant risks to individuals and communities. Intervention is important to mitigate youth firesetting, and treatment needs vary depending on underlying motives. Effective screening of persistent firesetter risk to inform intervention approach is critical to ensure appropriate matching of risk and needs. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the child risk survey (CRS) and family risk survey (FRS) for predicting persistent firesetting risk, and subsequent triaging of cases toward the appropriate treatment. A total of 61 families engaged with the Firelighting Consequences Awareness Program, Melbourne, Australia, completed the CRS and FRS preintervention, and reported their firesetting behavior 1-year postintervention. The CRS was not effective for correctly predicting persistent and nonpersistent firesetters. The FRS was successful at predicting persistent firesetters 85% of the time, but had a high rate of false positives, overclassifying nonpersistent firesetters as high risk. Finally, the actual rate of firesetters that would be deemed suitable for each of the three recommended interventions based on the CRS and FRS scoring protocols was substantially different to the expected rates described in the accompanying manual. Implications for service provision are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Victoria, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Victoria, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorothy Bruck
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Victoria, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Victoria, Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dadswell K, Bourke M, Maple JL, Craike M. Associations between pre-COVID-19 physical activity profiles and mental wellbeing and quality of life during COVID-19 lockdown among adults. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35990209 PMCID: PMC9375083 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental to the physical and mental health and wellbeing of people across the globe. Regular physical activity has consistently demonstrated an array of health benefits, but the impact of regular physical activity habits pre-pandemic on health and wellbeing during the pandemic is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct pre-COVID-19 lockdown physical activity profiles [i.e., walking, leisure-time moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), domestic MVPA and muscle strengthening exercise] and assess whether these profiles were associated with mental wellbeing and quality of life during COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 442 adults (Mage = 43.97 ± 13.85; 75.6% female) from Melbourne, Australia completed an online questionnaire measuring pre-COVID-19 physical activity, including walking habits, leisure-time MVPA, domestic MVPA, and muscle strengthening exercise - and completed measures of mental wellbeing and health related quality of life. Latent profile analysis identified five distinct profiles that differed in terms of levels of walking, leisure-time MVPA, domestic MVPA and muscle strengthening exercise. Based on the observed pre-COVID-19 lockdown profiles, it appears that high levels of MVPA and muscle strengthening exercise may serve as a protective factor against the potential negative impact of a global pandemic lockdown on mental wellbeing and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 8001 Melbourne, VIC P.O Box 14428, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourke
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Dash S, Bourke M, Parker AG, Dadswell K, Pascoe MC. Lifestyle behaviours and mental health and wellbeing of tertiary students during COVID-19 lockdown in Australia: A cross-sectional study. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152324. [PMID: 35576672 PMCID: PMC9085438 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia experienced significant COVID-19 lockdown restrictions throughout 2020 that had an impact on mental health and disrupted health-promoting lifestyle behaviours. Lockdowns may have exacerbated existing mental health concerns among tertiary students, who experience higher levels of mental health concerns compared to the wider community. This study aimed to investigate the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and wellbeing of students at a Melbourne-based tertiary education institution during COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted across campuses in Melbourne and Sydney. Data was collected via online questionnaire during the 7th week of a second-wave lockdown. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic variables (n = 239). Linear regression models were estimated to determine multivariate associations between lifestyle variables and psychological distress. RESULTS Participants were on average 30.98 years old (SD = 9.78), predominantly female, domestic students, undergraduate, not the first member of their family to attend university and living out of family home. Mindfulness, diet quality, sleep quality and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were all inversely correlated with psychological distress. Unadjusted and adjusted models show that mindfulness, sleep quality, and MVPA were all independently inversely related to psychological distress. Greater mindfulness, sleep quality and engagement in MVPA were associated with lower psychological distress during COVID-19 lockdowns. LIMITATIONS As this study is cross-sectional and we cannot rule out reverse causality. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential for lifestyle focused mental-health promotion delivered through tertiary education institutions to support students in times of crisis as well as more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dash
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia,Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3127, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourke
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Alexandra G. Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Michaela C. Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia,Corresponding author at: Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
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Parker AG, Trott E, Bourke M, Klepac Pogrmilovic B, Dadswell K, Craike M, McLean SA, Dash S, Pascoe M. Young people's attitudes towards integrating physical activity as part of mental health treatment: A cross-sectional study in youth mental health services. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:518-526. [PMID: 34312996 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the significant burden associated with mental disorders that have their onset in youth, there is a critical need to improve treatments and treatment outcomes. Given the evidence for physical activity (PA) as an effective intervention for reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people, we examined young people's attitudes towards and acceptability of PA as part of mental health treatment, predictors of current engagement in PA and predictors of attitudes towards PA as a treatment option. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were 88 young people (15-25 years) who were engaged in treatment at youth mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. RESULTS Young people's attitudes towards PA as a treatment option were generally positive. The acceptance of PA as a treatment option was predicted by fewer perceived barriers and more benefits to exercise, higher autonomous motivation and lower amotivation; whereas, the only significant predictor of current engagement in PA was autonomous motivation. DISCUSSION The integration of PA interventions within mental health treatment appears to be acceptable to young people; however, acceptance of PA as a treatment option is influenced by perceived barriers and benefits of PA and autonomous motivation. A focus on increasing autonomous motivation by enhancing the perceived value of PA and choosing preference-based, enjoyable activities may assist in addressing the complex range of factors that impact the ability of these young people to become more physically active. Addressing these factors may assist with implementing PA interventions within psychological treatments for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health and Orygen, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Trott
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourke
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bojana Klepac Pogrmilovic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sîan A McLean
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Dash
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dang C, Ewer M, Delaloge S, Ferrero JM, Colomer R, de la Cruz Merino L, Dadswell K, Verrill M, Eiger D, Sarkar S, de Haas S, Restuccia E, Swain S. 43O Pertuzumab/trastuzumab in early stage HER2-positive breast cancer: 5-year and final analysis of the BERENICE trial. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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