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Harmer AS. Does the Duty of Rescue support a moral obligation to vaccinate? Seasonal influenza and the Institutional Duty of Rescue. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2024; 50:618-621. [PMID: 38041664 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza poses a significant public health risk in many countries worldwide. Lower immunity and less influenza virus circulating during the pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in cases since the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022. The seasonal influenza vaccine offers effective protection and is safe for use in large numbers of the population. This article asserts that a moral obligation to vaccinate against influenza can be understood as an Institutional Duty of Rescue. The traditional understanding of the Duty of Rescue encounters issues with force and scope, making it difficult to apply to rescue cases in general, as well as being overdemanding for the individual agent. An Institutional view of the Duty of Rescue addresses these difficulties, looks at the wider context of rescue and leaves room for discussion on collective, preventative rescue measures. This makes the concept well suited to supporting a moral obligation to vaccinate against influenza as part of a collective effort on the part of institutional organisations.
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Dodd LE. Influenza and Acute Myocardial Infarction - Causal Link or Spurious Association? NEJM EVIDENCE 2024; 3:EVIDe2400175. [PMID: 38916417 DOI: 10.1056/evide2400175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Dodd
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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3
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Li Y, Li J, He J, Tao C. AE-GPT: Using Large Language Models to extract adverse events from surveillance reports-A use case with influenza vaccine adverse events. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300919. [PMID: 38512919 PMCID: PMC10956752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Though Vaccines are instrumental in global health, mitigating infectious diseases and pandemic outbreaks, they can occasionally lead to adverse events (AEs). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in effectively identifying and cataloging AEs within clinical reports. Utilizing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1990 to 2016, this study particularly focuses on AEs to evaluate LLMs' capability for AE extraction. A variety of prevalent LLMs, including GPT-2, GPT-3 variants, GPT-4, and Llama2, were evaluated using Influenza vaccine as a use case. The fine-tuned GPT 3.5 model (AE-GPT) stood out with a 0.704 averaged micro F1 score for strict match and 0.816 for relaxed match. The encouraging performance of the AE-GPT underscores LLMs' potential in processing medical data, indicating a significant stride towards advanced AE detection, thus presumably generalizable to other AE extraction tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jianping He
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Cui Tao
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
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4
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M Hassen B, Rashedy SH, Mostafa A, Mahrous N, Nafie MS, Elebeedy D, Abdel Azeiz AZ. Identification of potential antiviral compounds from Egyptian marine algae against influenza A virus. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37990847 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2284865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract, affecting nearly 10% of the world's population, each year. The aim of this study was to extract and identify antiviral compounds against the influenza-A virus (H1N1) from different species of Egyptian marine algae. Three samples of marine macroalgae species were extracted and the antiviral activity of the extracts were tested on Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells. The bioactive compounds present in the most active fractions were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), then the binding potentials of the identified compounds were examined towards neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza-A virus using molecular docking. The methanolic extract of Sargassum aquifolium showed promising in-vitro antiviral activity with a selectivity index (SI) value of 101. The GC-MS analysis showed twelve compounds and the molecular docking analysis found that tetradecanoic acid showed the strongest binding affinities towards the NA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel M Hassen
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Sarah H Rashedy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noura Mahrous
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Egypt
| | - A Z Abdel Azeiz
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Egypt
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5
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Lee UJ, Oh Y, Kwon OS, Shin YB, Kim M. Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Influenza A Viruses Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Reporter System. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:782. [PMID: 37622868 PMCID: PMC10452828 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based influenza A virus (IAV)-sensing system by combining a galactose/glucose-binding protein (GGBP) with an N-terminal large domain (YN1-172) and a C-terminal small domain (YC173-239) made up of enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (eYFP). The GGBP-based BiFC reporter exhibits the fluorescence reconstitution as a result of conformational changes in GGBP when lactose, which was derived from 6'-silalyllactose and used as a substrate for neuraminidase (NA), binds to GGBP in the presence of IAV. The system showed a linear dynamic range extending from 1 × 100 to 1 × 107 TCID50/mL, and it had a detection limit of 1.1 × 100 TCID50/mL for IAV (H1N1), demonstrating ultra-high sensitivity. Our system exhibited fluorescence intensity enhancements in the presence of IAV, while it displayed weak fluorescence signals when exposed to NA-deficient viruses, such as RSV A, RSV B, adenovirus and rhinovirus, thereby indicating selective responses for IAV detection. Overall, our system provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific IAV detection platform based on BiFC that is capable of detecting ligand-induced protein conformational changes, obviating the need for virus culture or RNA extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yunkwang Oh
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonil Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shaheen N, Ramadan A, Nashwan AJ, Shaheen A, Ahmad S, Motawea KR, Mohamed S, Mohamed RS, Swed S, Aiash H. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: An updated systematic review of cases. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7456. [PMID: 37305891 PMCID: PMC10248205 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but possible complication that may occur after COVID-19 vaccination. In this systematic review, we found that GBS presented in patients with an average age of 58. The average time for symptoms to appear was 14.4 days. Health care providers should be aware of this potential complication. Abstract Most instances of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are caused by immunological stimulation and are discovered after vaccinations for tetanus toxoid, oral polio, and swine influenza. In this systematic study, we investigated at GBS cases that were reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we searched five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus databases) for studies on COVID-19 vaccination and GBS on August 7, 2021. To conduct our analysis, we divided the GBS variants into two groups, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and non-acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP and non-AIDP), and compared the two groups with mEGOS and other clinical presentation In this systematic review, 29 cases were included in 14 studies. Ten cases belonged to the AIDP variant, 17 were non-AIDP (one case had the MFS variant, one AMAN variant, and 15 cases had the BFP variant), and the two remaining cases were not mentioned. Following COVID-19 vaccination, GBS cases were, on average, 58 years of age. The average time it took for GBS symptoms to appear was 14.4 days. About 56 percent of the cases (56%) were classified as Brighton Level 1 or 2, which defines the highest level of diagnostic certainty for patients with GBS. This systematic review reports 29 cases of GBS following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly those following the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine. Further research is needed to assess all COVID-19 vaccines' side effects, including GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Shaheen
- Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Ahmed Shaheen
- Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Shahzaib Ahmad
- King Edward Medical College: King Edward Medical UniversityLahorePakistan
| | | | | | | | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of MedicineAleppo UniversityAleppoSyria
| | - Hani Aiash
- Cardiovascular Perfusion DepartmentUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Eslait-Olaciregui S, Llinás-Caballero K, Patiño-Manjarrés D, Urbina-Ariza T, Cediel-Becerra JF, Domínguez-Domínguez CA. Serious neurological adverse events following immunization against SARS-CoV-2: a narrative review of the literature. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2023; 14:20420986231165674. [PMID: 37223456 PMCID: PMC10201278 DOI: 10.1177/20420986231165674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, massive immunization campaigns became the most promising public health measure. During clinical trials, certain neurological adverse effects following immunization (AEFIs) were observed; however, acceptable safety profiles lead to emergency authorization for the distribution and use of the vaccines. To contribute to pharmacovigilance and lessen the potential negative impact that vaccine hesitancy would have on immunization programs, we conducted a review of the scientific literature concerning the epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and potential mechanisms of these neurological AEFIs. There is some epidemiological evidence linking COVID-19 vaccines to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, arterial ischemic stroke, convulsive disorder, Guillain-Barré syndrome, facial nerve palsy, and other neurological conditions. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has been associated with a thrombotic thrombocytopenia induced by the vaccine, similar to that induced by heparin, which suggests similar pathogenic mechanisms (likely involving antibodies against platelet factor 4, a chemokine released from activated platelets). Arterial ischemic stroke is another thrombotic condition observed among some COVID-19 vaccine recipients. Vaccine-induced convulsive disorder might be the result of structural abnormalities potentially caused by the vaccine or autoimmune mechanisms. Guillain-Barré syndrome and facial nerve palsy may also be linked to the immunization event, possibly due to immune mechanisms such as uncontrolled cytokine release, autoantibody production, or bystander effect. However, these events are mostly uncommon and the evidence for the association with the vaccine is not conclusive. Furthermore, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, neurological AEFIs can be serious, life-threatening or even fatal. In sum, COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and the risk of neurological AEFIs does not outweigh the benefits of immunization. However, early diagnosis and treatment of neurological AEFIs are of utmost importance, and both health professionals and the public should be aware of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Eslait-Olaciregui
- Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of
Biomedica Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del
Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Applied Biomedical Sciences Research Group (UR
BioMed), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,
Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - David Patiño-Manjarrés
- Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of
Biomedica Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del
Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Applied Biomedical Sciences Research Group (UR
BioMed), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,
Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thomas Urbina-Ariza
- Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of
Biomedica Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del
Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Applied Biomedical Sciences Research Group (UR
BioMed), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,
Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Cediel-Becerra
- Histology and Embriology Unit, Department of
Biomedica Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del
Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Applied Biomedical Sciences Research Group (UR
BioMed), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,
Bogotá, Colombia
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Mohseni Afshar Z, Sharma A, Babazadeh A, Alizadeh-Khatir A, Sio TT, Taghizadeh Moghadam MA, Tavakolli Pirzaman A, Mojadad A, Hosseinzadeh R, Barary M, Ebrahimpour S. A review of the potential neurological adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:9-44. [PMID: 36385246 PMCID: PMC9668235 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of getting access to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, their potential ability to induce severe adverse events (AEs) has been a significant concern. Neurological complications are significant among the various adverse events following immunization (AEFI) due to their likely durability and debilitating sequelae. Neurological AEs following COVID-19 vaccination can either exacerbate or induce new-onset neuro-immunologic diseases, such as myasthenia gravis (MG) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The more severe spectrum of AEs post-COVID19 vaccines has included seizures, reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, strokes, GBS, Bell's palsy, transverse myelitis (TM), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Here, we discuss each of these neurological adverse effects separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- grid.417468.80000 0000 8875 6339Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | - Arefeh Babazadeh
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Alizadeh-Khatir
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Terence T. Sio
- grid.417468.80000 0000 8875 6339Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | | | - Ali Tavakolli Pirzaman
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Mojadad
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hosseinzadeh
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Carbohydrates: Binding Sites and Potential Drug Targets for Neural-Affecting Pathogens. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:449-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Chavda V, Bezbaruah R, Kalita T, Sarma A, Devi JR, Bania R, Apostolopoulos V. Variant influenza: connecting the missing dots. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1567-1585. [PMID: 36346383 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared a new pandemic, the 2009 swine influenza pandemic (swine flu). The symptoms of the swine flu pandemic causing strain were comparable to most of the symptoms noted by seasonal influenza. AREA COVERED Zoonotic viruses that caused the swine flu pandemic and its preventive measures. EXPERT OPINION As per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the clinical manifestations in humans produced by the 2009 H1N1 'swine flu' virus were equivalent to the manifestations caused by related flu strains. The H1N1 vaccination was the most successful prophylactic measure since it prevented the virus from spreading and reduced the intensity and consequences of the pandemic. Despite the availability of therapeutics, the ongoing evolution and appearance of new strains have made it difficult to develop effective vaccines and therapies. Currently, the CDC recommends yearly flu immunization for those aged 6 months and above. The lessons learned from the A/2009/H1N1 pandemic in 2009 indicated that readiness of mankind toward new illnesses caused by mutant viral subtypes that leap from animals to people must be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Regional College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RIPT Group of Institution, Sonapur, Guwahati, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Hatkhowapara, Azara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Juti Rani Devi
- NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati, India
| | - Ratnali Bania
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India
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Chohan S, Chohan A. Recurrence of a Rare Subtype of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following a Second Dose of the Shingles Vaccine. Cureus 2022; 14:e30717. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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12
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Nuwarda RF, Ramzan I, Weekes L, Kayser V. Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101595. [PMID: 36298459 PMCID: PMC9612044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization’s top ten global health threats in 2019. The negative impact of anti-vaccination movements is frequently cited as one of the major reasons for rising vaccine hesitancy amongst the general public world-wide. This review discusses the various issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement, starting with the definitions of vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement in their early history and in the modern era, before discussing the key drivers of vaccine hesitancy, particularly across different regions of the world, with a focus on various countries with low-, middle-, or high-income economies with different socio-economic populations. The review concludes with the impact of vaccine hesitancy on herd immunity and social, psychological, and public health measures to counter vaccine hesitancy.
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Anjum Z, Iyer C, Naz S, Jaiswal V, Nepal G, Laguio‐vila M, Anandaram S, Thapaliya S. Guillain‐Barré syndrome after mRNA‐1273 (Moderna) COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05733. [PMID: 35441015 PMCID: PMC9010569 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charoo Iyer
- Rochester General Hospital Rochester New York USA
| | - Sidra Naz
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Gaurav Nepal
- Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine Kathmandu Nepal
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14
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Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and an updated review. NEUROIMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [PMCID: PMC8864061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic that has recently affected every aspect of life. Fortunately, many vaccines with high safety and efficacy profiles were developed timely to face this pandemic. In a very short time, billions of people were vaccinated. In the meantime, a wide range of neurological syndromes are being reported. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) which is a rare immune-mediated post-infectious peripheral neuropathy was reported after both the COVID-19 infection itself and many types of its vaccines. Methods We are reporting a case of post-AstraZeneca vaccine GBS and reviewing the literature of all reported post-COVID-19 vaccines GBS till July 2021. Results 29 adult patients were reported. Of them 58.6% were males. Their mean age is 58.2 years. The median time to clinical onset after vaccine administration was 13.2 days. 86.2% of patients had their symptoms following immunization with the 1st dose of AstraZeneca vector-based covid vaccine. Facial palsy was the most predominant single symptom in 75.8% of patients. Conclusion Guillain-Barré syndrome is a well-recognized but still rare adverse event following vaccination against COVID-19. Although preliminary data incriminates viral vector-based vaccines more than the other types, active post-vaccination surveillance and more powerful statistics are mandatory to reach a solid conclusion regarding the presence of a causal relation.
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15
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Michaelson NM, Lam T, Malhotra A, Schiff ND, MacGowan DJL. Miller Fisher Syndrome Presenting After a Second Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccination in a Patient With Resolved COVID-19: A Case Report. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 23:113-115. [PMID: 34808657 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Miriam Michaelson
- Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany Lam
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
| | - Ashwin Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas D Schiff
- Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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Thakur KT, Epstein S, Bilski A, Balbi A, Boehme AK, Brannagan TH, Wesley SF, Riley CS. Neurologic Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 Vaccines: Lessons From the Past to Inform the Present. Neurology 2021; 97:767-775. [PMID: 34475124 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global effort to rapidly develop and deploy effective and safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations. Vaccination has been one of the most effective medical interventions in human history, although potential safety risks of novel vaccines must be monitored, identified, and quantified. Adverse events must be carefully assessed to define whether they are causally associated with vaccination or coincidence. Neurologic adverse events following immunizations are overall rare but with significant morbidity and mortality when they occur. Here, we review neurologic conditions seen in the context of prior vaccinations and the current data to date on select COVID-19 vaccines including mRNA vaccines and the adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson (Janssen/J&J).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Teresa Thakur
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York.
| | - Samantha Epstein
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Amanda Bilski
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Alanna Balbi
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Thomas H Brannagan
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Sarah Flanagan Wesley
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Claire S Riley
- From the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
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17
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Rutkove SB, Betensky RA. No, it's not 1976 all over again. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:189-190. [PMID: 34114257 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seward B Rutkove
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang S, Li J, Xu X, Wang M, Li G, Shen W. Celastrol Attenuates Learning and Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5574207. [PMID: 34350293 PMCID: PMC8328733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammation and synapse loss are involved in the pathology of AD. Diverse measures have been applied to treat AD, but currently, there is no effective treatment. Celastrol (CEL) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F that has been shown to enhance cell viability and inhibit amyloid-β production induced by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. In the present study, the protective effect of CEL on Aβ 25-35-induced rat model of AD was assessed. Our results showed that CEL administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Further biochemical analysis showed that CEL treatment of intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats attenuated hippocampal NF-κB activity; inhibited proinflammatory markers, namely, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, CEL upregulated hippocampal neurexin-1β, neuroligin-1, CA1, and PSD95 expression levels, which may improve synaptic function. Simultaneously, CEL also increased glucose metabolism in Aβ 25-35-microinjected rats. In conclusion, CEL could exert protective effects against learning and memory decline induced by intrahippocampal Aβ 25-35 through anti-inflammation, promote synaptic development, and maintain hippocampal energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hasan T, Khan M, Khan F, Hamza G. Case of Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19 vaccine. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e243629. [PMID: 34187803 PMCID: PMC8245439 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nerves. Although its cause is not fully understood, the syndrome often follows infection with a virus or bacteria, although in rare occasions, vaccination may precede GBS. We describe a case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with paraesthesia and progressive weakness of both lower limbs over 3 days. Clinical examination and investigation findings including lumbar puncture and nerve conduction studies were consistent with the diagnosis of GBS. She had no history of either diarrhoea or respiratory tract infections preceding her presentation. However, she had her first intramuscular dose of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine 11 days prior to her presentation. Although no direct link could be ascertained, the purpose of this report is to highlight the incidence and consider this issue while evaluating any case of GBS in the light of the current pandemic and vaccination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Hasan
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Mustafizur Khan
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Farhin Khan
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | - Ghanim Hamza
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
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20
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Eyal N, Gerhard T, Strom BL. Strengthening and accelerating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety surveillance through registered pre-approval rollout after challenge tests. Vaccine 2021; 39:3455-3458. [PMID: 34023137 PMCID: PMC8084609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Eyal
- Center for Population-Level Bioethics and Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tobias Gerhard
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian L Strom
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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21
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Patel SU, Khurram R, Lakhani A, Quirk B. Guillain-Barre syndrome following the first dose of the chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/4/e242956. [PMID: 33888484 PMCID: PMC8070856 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention strategies for COVID-19 transmission are at the forefront of healthcare paradigms worldwide, the main emphasis of which is vaccination. We present an interesting case of a 37-year-old man who, 3 weeks following his first dose of the chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1, presented to hospital with a rapidly progressive ascending muscle weakness and back pain in the absence of any other triggers. He also had a negative COVID-19 swab during admission. A diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome was confirmed by correlating the clinical features with cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve conduction studies and MRI of the brain and whole spine. The patient received treatment with 5 days of intravenous immunoglobulin and did not require any respiratory support. He was also regularly reviewed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of neurologists, speech and language therapists, and physiotherapists and is on the course to a recovery.
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22
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Javanian M, Barary M, Ghebrehewet S, Koppolu V, Vasigala V, Ebrahimpour S. A brief review of influenza virus infection. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4638-4646. [PMID: 33792930 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that affects all age groups and is associated with high mortality during pandemics, epidemics, and sporadic outbreaks. Nearly 10% of the world's population is affected by influenza annually, with about half a million deaths each year. Influenza vaccination is the most effective method for preventing influenza infection and its complications. The influenza vaccine's efficacy varies each season based on the circulating influenza strains and vaccine uptake rates. Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Given the significant burden of influenza infection globally, this review is focused on the latest findings in the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sam Ghebrehewet
- Cheshire and Merseyside Health Protection Team, Public Health England North West, Liverpool, UK
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist, Department of Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune/AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - VeneelaKrishnaRekha Vasigala
- Department of General Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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23
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24
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Huang CF, Huang JJ, Mi NN, Lin YY, He QS, Lu YW, Yue P, Bai B, Zhang JD, Zhang C, Cai T, Fu WK, Gao L, Li X, Yuan JQ, Meng WB. Associations between serum uric acid and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer: A cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7061-7075. [PMID: 33311950 PMCID: PMC7701939 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i44.7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Previous studies have found that serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with the total cancer risk. However, due to the dual effect of uric acid on cancer, the relationship between the SUA levels and most specific-site cancer remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the associations between the SUA levels and incidence of hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer.
METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 444462 participants free of cancer from the UK Biobank were included. The SUA levels were measured at baseline, and the incidence of hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer was determined by contacting the cancer registry. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the SUA levels and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer were investigated using multiple adjusted Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders.
RESULTS In total, 920 participants developed liver, gallbladder, biliary tract or pancreatic cancer during a median of 6.6 yrs of follow-up. We found that the HR of pancreatic cancer in the highest SUA group was 1.77 (95%CI: 1.29-2.42) compared with that in the lowest group. After stratifying by gender, we further found that SUA was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer only among the females (highest quartile vs lowest quartile HR 2.04, 95%CI: 1.35-3.08). Among the males, the SUA levels were positively associated with the gallbladder cancer risk (highest quartile vs lowest quartile HR 3.09, 95%CI: 1.28-7.46), but a U-shaped association with the liver cancer risk was observed (P-nonlinear = 0.03).
CONCLUSION SUA is likely to have gender-specific effects on hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer. High SUA levels are a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in females and gallbladder cancer in males. A U-shaped association with the liver cancer risk was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Fei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jun-Jun Huang
- Scientific Research and Planning Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ning-Ning Mi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Lin
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng He
- Clinical Research Center and Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ping Yue
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jin-Duo Zhang
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Teng Cai
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Kang Fu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Gao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- The Fifth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center and Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Special Minimally Invasive Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Morita Y, Endo A, Inagaki S, Tanabe K. Influenza-associated Fulminant Myocarditis Complicated by Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Intern Med 2020; 59:2517-2521. [PMID: 32581169 PMCID: PMC7662053 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4950-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the case of a 47-year-old woman who was admitted with weakness and numbness of the limbs and dyspnea after being infected with influenza virus A. She had a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) 7 years prior to this presentation. On admission, she was in shock, and transthoracic echocardiography showed severely reduced left-ventricular function. She was diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis by an endomyocardial biopsy, which was complicated by GBS. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required to manage the cardiogenic shock. After her condition improved, immunoadsorption for GBS was performed, and the motor and sensory disorders gradually improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morita
- Division of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Endo
- Division of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Ryckman AE, Brockhausen I, Walia JS. Metabolism of Glycosphingolipids and Their Role in the Pathophysiology of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6881. [PMID: 32961778 PMCID: PMC7555265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a specialized class of membrane lipids composed of a ceramide backbone and a carbohydrate-rich head group. GSLs populate lipid rafts of the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, and serve important cellular functions including control of cell-cell signaling, signal transduction and cell recognition. Of the hundreds of unique GSL structures, anionic gangliosides are the most heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) such as Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. Each LSD is characterized by the accumulation of GSLs in the lysosomes of neurons, which negatively interact with other intracellular molecules to culminate in cell death. In this review, we summarize the biosynthesis and degradation pathways of GSLs, discuss how aberrant GSL metabolism contributes to key features of LSD pathophysiology, draw parallels between LSDs and neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and lastly, discuss possible therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V5, Canada;
| | - Jagdeep S. Walia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V5, Canada;
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27
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Soni R, Heindl SE, Wiltshire DA, Vahora IS, Khan S. Antigenic Variability a Potential Factor in Assessing Relationship Between Guillain Barré Syndrome and Influenza Vaccine - Up to Date Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10208. [PMID: 33033684 PMCID: PMC7532881 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a possible serious adverse event of the influenza vaccine but it is yet to be proven. The objective of our traditional literature review is to assess the potential relationship between GBS and influenza vaccine. A traditional literature review has been carried out by selecting 26 articles from PubMed published between 2011 and 2020. Twenty-six articles met the selection criteria (eight observational studies, four systematic literature review, three meta-analyses, two case-control, two retrospective cohort, and seven case series). Selected studies were focused on monitoring the safety of influenza vaccines, the relative safety of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines, influenza vaccine a potential etiology of GBS, and pathogenesis of post-vaccination GBS. Few studies have shown a higher incidence of GBS with a pandemic influenza vaccine compared to the seasonal influenza vaccine, while several studies have concluded a small increase in the possibility of GBS following any type of influenza vaccine. There were some studies that estimated no association possibly due to the presence of confounding factors such as influenza-like illness, low power of the study, and reporting bias in post-vaccination surveillance programs. GSB should be taken into consideration as one of the less common but serious side effects of the influenza vaccine but it should not adversely affect the acceptance of the influenza vaccination program. Continuous monitoring of influenza vaccine safety should be performed regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Soni
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dwayne A Wiltshire
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ilmaben S Vahora
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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