1
|
Hoheneder F, Steidele CE, Messerer M, Mayer KFX, Köhler N, Wurmser C, Heß M, Gigl M, Dawid C, Stam R, Hückelhoven R. Barley shows reduced Fusarium head blight under drought and modular expression of differentially expressed genes under combined stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6820-6835. [PMID: 37668551 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants often face simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress conditions; however, physiological and transcriptional responses under such combined stress conditions are still not fully understood. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is strongly affected by weather conditions. We therefore studied the potential influence of drought on FHB severity and plant responses in three varieties of different susceptibility. We found strongly reduced FHB severity in susceptible varieties under drought. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and strength of transcriptomic regulation reflected the concentrations of physiological stress markers such as abscisic acid or fungal DNA contents. Infection-related gene expression was associated with susceptibility rather than resistance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 18 modules of co-expressed genes that reflected the pathogen- or drought-response in the three varieties. A generally infection-related module contained co-expressed genes for defence, programmed cell death, and mycotoxin detoxification, indicating that the diverse genotypes used a similar defence strategy towards FHB, albeit with different degrees of success. Further, DEGs showed co-expression in drought- or genotype-associated modules that correlated with measured phytohormones or the osmolyte proline. The combination of drought stress with infection led to the highest numbers of DEGs and resulted in a modular composition of the single-stress responses rather than a specific transcriptional output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hoheneder
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christina E Steidele
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Köhler
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3/I, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Heß
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pandya JB, Patani AN, Raval VH, Rajput KN, Panchal RR. Understanding the Fermentation Potentiality For Gibberellic Acid (GA 3) Production Using Fungi. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:385. [PMID: 37874373 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins represent an important group of potent phytohormones, growth-promoting, closely related diterpenoid acids biologically derived from tetracyclic diterpenoid hydrocarbon. Among these, gibberellic acid (GA3) has received the greatest attention. GA3 is a highly valued plant growth regulator which has various applications in agriculture. It is extensively used for beneficial effects including stem elongation, elimination of dormancy, sex expression, seed germination, flowering, and fruit senescence. Along with plants, many microbes are also producing GA3 as their secondary metabolite, and among these, fungi are reported to produce a higher amount of GA3. Fermentation technology based on submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation for the production of GA3 has been used with its merits and demerits using Fusarium moniliforme fungus in the industry. Several mathematical models and optimization tools were also designed for enhancing the fermentative yield by researchers. The detailed analysis is essential to understand all the fermentation aspects, various unit parameters, process operation approaches, reduction in cost, and assessment of the possible uses of these models in the production of GA3 for higher yield. Recently, exclusive research is executed to lower down the production cost of GA3 approaching various strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin B Pandya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aanal N Patani
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nowak A, Kutyła M, Kaczmarek J, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Jędryczka M. Differences in the Production of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Other Metabolites of Plenodomus ( Leptosphaeria) Infecting Winter Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:759. [PMID: 37367918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Plenodomus (Leptosphaeria) are phytopathogens of the Brassicaceae family, which includes oilseed rape. The spores of these fungi spread by airborne transmission, infect plants, and cause crop losses. The secondary metabolism of P. lingam and P. biglobosus was studied and compared, with the main focus being on the ability to produce Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). In spite of the 1.5-2-fold faster growth rate of P. biglobosus on Czapek-Dox and other screening media, the average yield of EPS in this fungus was only 0.29 g/L, compared to that of P. lingam (0.43 g/L). In turn, P. biglobosus showed a higher capacity to synthesise IAA, i.e., 14 µg/mL, in contrast to <1.5 µg/mL produced by P. lingam. On the other hand, the P. lingam strains showed higher β-glucanase activity (350-400 mU/mL), compared to 50-100 mU/mL in P. biglobosus. Invertase levels were similar in both species (250 mU/mL). The positive correlation between invertase activity and EPS yield contrasted with the absence of a correlation of EPS with β-glucanase. Plenodomus neither solubilised phosphate nor used proteins from milk. All strains showed the ability to synthesise siderophores on CAS agar. P. biglobosus exhibited the highest efficiency of amylolytic and cellulolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kutyła
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaczmarek
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jędryczka
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effective biofertilizer Trichoderma spp. isolates with enzymatic activity and metabolites enhancing plant growth. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 25:817-829. [PMID: 35854164 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma species have been widely recognized as biofertilizer fungi for their ability to produce phytohormones and enhance plant growth. In our current study, fifteen strains of Trichoderma spp. (T1-T15) were screened for their capacity to produce phytohormones and metabolites eliciting plant growth. The stains were previously isolated from olive rhizosphere soil in northern Algeria. Plant growth promoting (PGP) potential of Trichoderma spp. was evaluated in vitro through the production of phosphatases, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ammonia (NH3). Besides, plant growth phytohormones such as gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were assessed quantitatively by a colorimetric assay. Results showed an effective potential of Trichoderma spp. in plant growth-promoting biomolecule production. Importantly, qualitative estimation of phosphate solubilization indicates that T10 gave the highest phosphate solubilization on medium Pikovskaya's with a solubilization index (SI) of 3, whereas, the high capacity nitrogen-fixing was related to T8. On the other hand, quantitative analysis of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid revealed a production varying between (1.30 μg mL-1 to 21.15 μg mL-1) and (0.53 μg mL-1 to 7.87 μg mL-1), respectively; the highest amount of both phytohormones was obtained by T11 isolate. Indeed, an analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of T11 isolate by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed a high amount (71.19 mg L-1) of IAA. Overall, the results showed clearly that isolate T11 has promising plant growth-promoting properties. Hence, this native Trichoderma isolate (T11) identified as Trichoderma harzianum strain (OL587563) could be used later as biofertilizer for sustainable olive crop agriculture.
Collapse
|
5
|
Baron NC, Rigobelo EC. Endophytic fungi: a tool for plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture. Mycology 2022. [PMID: 35186412 DOI: 10.1080/215012031945699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are found in most, if not all, plant species on the planet. They colonise inner plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease, thus providing benefits to the host plant while also benefiting from this interaction. The global concern for the development of more sustainable agriculture has increased in recent years, and research has been performed to decipher ecology and explore the potential of endophytic interactions in plant growth. To date, many studies point to the positive aspects of endophytic colonisation, and in this review, such research is summarised based on the direct (acquisition of nutrients and phytohormone production) and indirect (induced resistance, production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites, production of siderophores and protection for abiotic and biotic stresses) benefits of endophytic colonisation. An in-depth discussion of the mechanisms is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Carla Baron
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Post Graduation Program, Department of Plant Production Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Post Graduation Program, Department of Plant Production Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are found in most, if not all, plant species on the planet. They colonise inner plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease, thus providing benefits to the host plant while also benefiting from this interaction. The global concern for the development of more sustainable agriculture has increased in recent years, and research has been performed to decipher ecology and explore the potential of endophytic interactions in plant growth. To date, many studies point to the positive aspects of endophytic colonisation, and in this review, such research is summarised based on the direct (acquisition of nutrients and phytohormone production) and indirect (induced resistance, production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites, production of siderophores and protection for abiotic and biotic stresses) benefits of endophytic colonisation. An in-depth discussion of the mechanisms is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Carla Baron
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Post Graduation Program, Department of Plant Production Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Post Graduation Program, Department of Plant Production Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tyśkiewicz R, Nowak A, Ozimek E, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J. Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2329. [PMID: 35216444 PMCID: PMC8875981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma, a dominant component of various soil ecosystem mycobiomes, are characterized by the ability to colonize plant roots. Detailed knowledge of the properties of Trichoderma, including metabolic activity and the type of interaction with plants and other microorganisms, can ensure its effective use in agriculture. The growing interest in the application of Trichoderma results from their direct and indirect biocontrol potential against a wide range of soil phytopathogens. They act through various complex mechanisms, such as mycoparasitism, the degradation of pathogen cell walls, competition for nutrients and space, and induction of plant resistance. With the constant exposure of plants to a variety of pathogens, especially filamentous fungi, and the increased resistance of pathogens to chemical pesticides, the main challenge is to develop biological protection alternatives. Among non-pathogenic microorganisms, Trichoderma seems to be the best candidate for use in green technologies due to its wide biofertilization and biostimulatory potential. Most of the species from the genus Trichoderma belong to the plant growth-promoting fungi that produce phytohormones and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme. In the present review, the current status of Trichoderma is gathered, which is especially relevant in plant growth stimulation and the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Analytical Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network–New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (J.J.-Ś.)
| | - Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (J.J.-Ś.)
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (J.J.-Ś.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
St. Leger RJ, Wang JB. Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many. Open Biol 2020; 10:200307. [PMID: 33292103 PMCID: PMC7776561 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Metarhizium and Pochonia chlamydosporia comprise a monophyletic clade of highly abundant globally distributed fungi that can transition between long-term beneficial associations with plants to transitory pathogenic associations with frequently encountered protozoans, nematodes or insects. Some very common 'specialist generalist' species are adapted to particular soil and plant ecologies, but can overpower a wide spectrum of insects with numerous enzymes and toxins that result from extensive gene duplications made possible by loss of meiosis and associated genome defence mechanisms. These species use parasexuality instead of sex to combine beneficial mutations from separate clonal individuals into one genome (Vicar of Bray dynamics). More weakly endophytic species which kill a narrow range of insects retain sexuality to facilitate host-pathogen coevolution (Red Queen dynamics). Metarhizium species can fit into numerous environments because they are very flexible at the genetic, physiological and ecological levels, providing tractable models to address how new mechanisms for econutritional heterogeneity, host switching and virulence are acquired and relate to diverse sexual life histories and speciation. Many new molecules and functions have been discovered that underpin Metarhizium associations, and have furthered our understanding of the crucial ecology of these fungi in multiple habitats.
Collapse
|
9
|
Baron NC, de Souza Pollo A, Rigobelo EC. Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9005. [PMID: 32518715 PMCID: PMC7261125 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean. Methods Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed. Results Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Carla Baron
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza Pollo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Nowak A, Komaniecka I, Choma A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Tyśkiewicz R, Wiater A, Rogalski J. Differences in Production, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) Obtained from Cultures of Endophytic Fusarium culmorum Strains with Different Effects on Cereals. Molecules 2020; 25:E616. [PMID: 32019268 PMCID: PMC7037457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) can determine plant-microorganism interactions and have great potential as bioactive compounds. The different amounts of EPS obtained from cultures of three endophytic Fusarium culmorum strains with different aggressiveness-growth promoting (PGPF), deleterious (DRMO), and pathogenic towards cereal plants-depended on growth conditions. The EPS concentrations (under optimized culture conditions) were the lowest (0.2 g/L) in the PGPF, about three times higher in the DRMO, and five times higher in the pathogen culture. The EPS of these strains differed in the content of proteins, phenolic components, total sugars, glycosidic linkages, and sugar composition (glucose, mannose, galactose, and smaller quantities of arabinose, galactosamine, and glucosamine). The pathogen EPS exhibited the highest total sugar and mannose concentration. FTIR analysis confirmed the β configuration of the sugars. The EPS differed in the number and weight of polysaccharidic subfractions. The EPS of PGPF and DRMO had two subfractions and the pathogen EPS exhibited a subfraction with the lowest weight (5 kDa). The three EPS preparations (ethanol-precipitated EP, crude C, and proteolysed P) had antioxidant activity (particularly high for the EP-EPS soluble in high concentrations). The EP-EPS of the PGPF strain had the highest antioxidant activity, most likely associated with the highest content of phenolic compounds in this EPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska St. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Endophytic Bacteria Potentially Promote Plant Growth by Synthesizing Different Metabolites and their Phenotypic/Physiological Profiles in the Biolog GEN III MicroPlate TM Test. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215283. [PMID: 31652989 PMCID: PMC6862297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, as the most promising components of effective, biofertilizers biostimulating and biocontrol preparations, should be very intensively obtained from various plants and studied in terms of the conditions determining the potential ability to promote plant growth. For this reason, endophytic bacteria have been isolated from both stems and roots of up to six systematically distant species of vascular plants: one species belonging to the seedless vascular plants (Monilophyta), and five seed plants (Spermatophyta). The 23 isolated strains represented nine genera: Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, Variovorax, Achromobacter, Novosphingobium, Comamonas and Collimonas, notably which were closely related—belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. Stenotrophomonas sp. strains showed the greatest ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-like compounds, while Achromobacter sp. strains produced the highest levels of siderophores. The presence of the nifH gene and nitrogen binding activity was demonstrated for 95% of the strains tested. Stenotrophomonas maltophila (ES2 strain) showed the highest metabolic activity based on Biolog GEN III test. The ability to solubilize phosphate was determined only for three tested strains from genus: Delftia, Rhizobium and Novosphingobium. The presented work demonstrated that the metabolic and phenotypic properties of plant growth-promoting endophytes are correlated with the genus of bacteria and are not correlated with the host plant species or part of plant (stem, root).
Collapse
|
12
|
Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Tyśkiewicz R, Nowak A, Ozimek E, Majewska M, Hanaka A, Tyśkiewicz K, Pawlik A, Janusz G. Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4923. [PMID: 31590281 PMCID: PMC6801869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hormonal balance and plant growth may be shaped by microorganisms synthesizing phytohormones, regulating its synthesis in the plant and inducing plant resistance by releasing elicitors from cell walls (CW) by degrading enzymes (CWDE). It was shown that the Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 strain, isolated from a healthy rye rhizosphere, colonized the rhizoplane of wheat seedlings and root border cells (RBC) and caused approximately 40% increase of stem weight. The strain inhibited (in over 90%) the growth of polyphagous Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum) phytopathogens through a mechanism of mycoparasitism. Chitinolytic and glucanolytic activity, strongly stimulated by CW of F. culmorum in the DEMTkZ3A0 liquid culture, is most likely responsible for the lysis of hyphae and macroconidia of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. as well as the release of plant resistance elicitors. In DEMTkZ3A0 inoculated plants, an increase in the activity of the six tested plant resistance markers and a decrease in the concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) auxin were noted. IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) but also the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme regulating ethylene production by plant were synthesized by DEMTkZ3A0 in the liquid culture. IAA synthesis was dependent on tryptophan and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas GA synthesis was positively correlated with the biomass and temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska St. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave. 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hanaka A, Ozimek E, Majewska M, Rysiak A, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1207. [PMID: 30857335 PMCID: PMC6429280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the physiological diversity and metabolic activity of the soil bacterial communities inhabiting Spitsbergen soils in search of bacterial abilities facilitating plant growth promotion. In the soil, the total number of culturable microorganisms, the number of their individual physiological groups (including Siderophore Synthesizing; SSB and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; PSB), the dehydrogenase (DH) activity, and the ability to utilize sources of C, N, P (EcoPlate) were analysed. In bacterial isolates, siderophores production, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase (ACCD) activity, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) synthesis were examined. The isolates were applied to the seeds of Phaseolus coccineus regarding their germination and root length. The results showed differences between copio- and oligotrophic bacteria. A usually high number of SSB was accompanied by the raised number of PSB. A bigger number of SSB was connected with low values of Fe in the soil. High DH activity was assisted by greater number of copio- and oligotrophic bacteria, raised average well color development value, and N and C contents in the soil. Germination index was more alike relative seed germination than relative root growth. IAA concentration and ACCD activity were conversely related. Synthesis of siderophores was matched with ACCD activity and its high level was combined with elevated germination index. In spite of different localization of soil samples, some isolates proved similar traits of activity. Distinct affiliation of isolates and their various localizations were displayed. Among all isolates tested, some possessed one main trait of activity, but most of them had two or more significant features for potential plant growth stimulation. These isolates could be an important source of useful bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ozimek E, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Bohacz J, Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T, Tyśkiewicz R, Słomka A, Nowak A, Hanaka A. Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and ACC-Deaminase by Mortierella Strains Promote Winter Wheat Seedlings Growth under Different Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103218. [PMID: 30340353 PMCID: PMC6214141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous pool of phytoregulators in plant tissues supplied with microbial secondary metabolites may be crucial for the development of winter wheat seedlings during cool springs. The phytohormones may be synthesized by psychrotrophic microorganisms in lower temperatures occurring in a temperate climate. Two fungal isolates from the Spitzbergen soils after the microscopic observations and “the internal transcribed spacer” (ITS) region molecular characterization were identified as Mortierellaantarctica (MA DEM7) and Mortierella verticillata (MV DEM32). In order to study the synthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), Mortierella strains were grown on media supplemented with precursor of phytohormones tryptophan at 9, 15 °C, and 20 °C for nine days. The highest amount of IAA synthesis was identified in MV DEM32 nine-day-culture at 15 °C with 1.5 mM of tryptophan. At the same temperature (15 °C), the significant promoting effect (about 40% root and shoot fresh weight) of this strain on seedlings was observed. However, only MA DEM-7 had the ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity with the highest efficiency at 9 °C and synthesized IAA without tryptophan. Moreover, at the same conditions, the strain was confirmed to possess the strong promoting effect (about 40% root and 24% shoot fresh weight) on seedlings. Both strains synthesized GA in all tested terms and temperatures. The studied Mortierella strains had some important traits that led them to be considered as microbial biofertilizers components, improving plant growth in difficult temperate climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Bohacz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Słomka
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Yu X, Li Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Liu J, Zheng W, Kang X, Leng X, Zhao K, Gu Y, Zhang X, Xiang Q, Chen Q. Culturable heavy metal-resistant and plant growth promoting bacteria in V-Ti magnetite mine tailing soil from Panzhihua, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106618. [PMID: 25188470 PMCID: PMC4154735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a basis for using indigenous bacteria for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, the heavy metal resistance and plant growth-promoting activity of 136 isolates from V-Ti magnetite mine tailing soil were systematically analyzed. Among the 13 identified bacterial genera, the most abundant genus was Bacillus (79 isolates) out of which 32 represented B. subtilis and 14 B. pumilus, followed by Rhizobium sp. (29 isolates) and Ochrobactrum intermedium (13 isolates). Altogether 93 isolates tolerated the highest concentration (1000 mg kg−1) of at least one of the six tested heavy metals. Five strains were tolerant against all the tested heavy metals, 71 strains tolerated 1,000 mg kg−1 cadmium whereas only one strain tolerated 1,000 mg kg−1 cobalt. Altogether 67% of the bacteria produced indoleacetic acid (IAA), a plant growth-promoting phytohormone. The concentration of IAA produced by 53 isolates was higher than 20 µg ml−1. In total 21% of the bacteria produced siderophore (5.50–167.67 µg ml−1) with two Bacillus sp. producing more than 100 µg ml−1. Eighteen isolates produced both IAA and siderophore. The results suggested that the indigenous bacteria in the soil have beneficial characteristics for remediating the contaminated mine tailing soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (QC)
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejun Leng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Environmental Monitoring Station, Panzhihua Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Panzhihua, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanju Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (QC)
| |
Collapse
|