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Loturco I, Pereira LA, Moura TBMA, McGuigan MR, Boullosa D. Effects of Different Conditioning Activities on the Sprint Performance of Elite Sprinters: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:712-721. [PMID: 38823792 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), which refers to the phenomena associated with the attainment of enhanced performance in sport-specific tasks after a conditioning activity, is an important objective of warming-up practices in many sports. This is even more relevant for sprinters, as potential increases in sprinting speed will directly influence their competitive results. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the effects of different PAPE protocols (ie, using plyometrics, strength-power exercises, and resisted/assisted sprints) on the sprinting performance (ie, sprint time or sprint speed) of competitive sprinters. METHODS Initially, 1205 records published until last December 18 were identified, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Web of Science. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 14 high-quality studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, there were no significant changes in sprint performance after implementing various types of conditioning activities (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.16 [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.33]; Z = 1.78; P = .08; I2 = 0%). In addition, when comparing prechanges and postchanges between experimental, control, and other conditions, no significant differences were found in sprint speed or time across all studies (SMD = 0.09 [95% CI, -0.10 to 0.28]; Z = 0.92; P = .36; I = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Results revealed that different types of conditioning activities may not be capable of acutely enhancing the sprint speed of competitive sprinters. This aligns with previous observations indicating that sprinting is a highly stable physical capacity, a phenomenon that is even more consistent among elite sprinters. Coaches and sport scientists should collaborate to develop more efficient PAPE protocols for these highly specialized athletes, with special attention to study design and individualization, while considering their effects on acceleration versus top speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Loturco
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michael R McGuigan
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Dos Santos Silva D, Boullosa D, Moura Pereira EV, de Jesus Alves MD, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Badicu G, Yagin FH, Aidar FJ, Dos Santos LF, do Nascimento HR, Ardigò LP, de Souza RF. Post-activation performance enhancement effect of drop jump on long jump performance during competition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16993. [PMID: 37813947 PMCID: PMC10562427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drop jump is widely used in training sessions, aiming for chronic effects on long jump performance. However, the acute effect of drop jump on long jump performance through its use as a Conditioning Activity (CA) has not been explored. The objective of this study was to verify the Post-activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) responses induced by successive Drop Jumps (DJ) on competitive long jump performance. Eleven male jumpers (19.0 ± 2.0 years; 178.0 ± 9.0 cm; 73.1 ± 8.9 kg; and personal record 5.78 ± 0.44 m) volunteered for participation. The athletes performed 5 drop jumps 2 min (1'45-2'15 min) before the second, and fourth attempt during official competition of state level, the attempts without the use of CA were considered controls. The performance of the second (5.63 ± 0.43 m), third (5.65 ± 0.46, g = 0.24) and fourth (5.71 ± 0.34 m) jumps performed after activation were higher than the first (5.54 ± 0.45 m) in the control condition, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01 respectively. Differences were also found in the take-off vertical velocity of the jump between the fourth (1.55 ± 0.21) and the first jump (1.30 ± 0.40), p = 0.006. Jump performance showed positive correlation with approach velocity, r = 0.731, vertical take-off velocity, r = 0.412, and take-off duration, r = 0.508. The mean performance in jumping post-activation (5.67 ± 0.38 m) was higher than that without the use of previous CA (5.59 ± 0.44 m), p = 0.02, g = 0.19. The use of DJs as a CA prior to the long jump promotes improvements in the performance of the jump, which can be explained by the increase in the take-off vertical velocity in the athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devisson Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Research and Development Department, iLOAD Solutions, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program, Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Leila Fernanda Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare the post-activation performance enhancement induced by successive drop-jumps performed on hard and sand surfaces in sprint and jump performance of top-level sprinters. Athletes were tested on two occasions. On each visit they were allocated to one of the experimental protocols, which consisted of performing 2x5 drop-jumps from a box with the height of 60-cm on hard or sand surfaces in randomized order, seven days apart. Prior to and 7 and 15-min after executing drop-jumps, sprinters performed countermovement jumps and 60-m sprint tests. Differences between sprinting splits and surfaces were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. No significant differences in jump height or sprint time were observed (p>0.05), regardless of the surface used (i.e., hard or sand) during the conditioning activity (effect sizes [95% confidence intervals] ranging from 0.01 [-0.84;0.84] to 0.44 [-0.42;1.27]). Performing drop-jumps on sand or hard surfaces immediately before maximum sprinting bouts does not provide any advantage or disadvantage to top-level sprinters. Sprint coaches may prescribe short-plyometric training activities on sand surfaces even close to competitions, bearing in mind that this strategy will not compromise sprint-specific performance.
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The Influence of Repeated Drop Jump Training on Countermovement Jump Performance. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:9609588. [PMID: 35237347 PMCID: PMC8885253 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9609588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to assess athletic performance of the lower limbs. Drop jump (DJ) is an effect training method that can improve athlete’s jumping performance. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different drop jump heights (DJH)30, DJH40, and DJH50 cm for 250 drop jumps (DJs250) on CMJ. Eighteen male athletes were selected as subjects. After the 50th, 100th, 150th, 200th, and 250th DJs, perform 5 groups of CMJ (the average of 3 times for each group) and record them as the 50th, 100th, 150th, 200th, and 250th CMJ jumps (CMJs50, CMJs100, CMJs150, CMJs200, and CMJs250). The BTS motion capture system and two force plates are used to record data. The MATLAB software was used to analyze data through one-way ANOVA repeated measures. If there is a significant difference, the LSD method is used for post hoc comparison. Jump height (JH), contact time (CT), reaction intensity index (RSI), average rate of force development (ARFD), left average rate of force development (LARFD), and right average rate of force development (RARFD) of CMJs50, CMJs100, CMJs150, and CMJs200 at DJH50 were greater than those at DJH40 and DJH30 (all
). DJH50 height and DJs200 training times can improve SSC mechanism and improve athlete CMJ performance.
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Al Kitani M, Ambussaidi A, Al Busafi M, Al-Hadabi B, Sassi RH, Bouhlel E, Gmada N. Acute effect of post activation potentiation using drop jumps on repeated sprints combined with vertical jumps in young handball players. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-203185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of post-activation potentiation (PAP) exercises at the end of the warm-up may increase muscles nerve conduction speed and per consequent improve speed, strength and explosive power performances. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of PAP during warm-up using vertical or horizontal drop jumps on repeated sprints performance combined with countermovement jump in young handball players. METHODS: 12 young handball players participated in this study. Participants realized 3 randomized warm-up protocols: a warm-up without PAP, a warm-up with PAP using vertical drop jumps, and a warm-up with PAP using horizontal drop jumps. After the assigned PAP protocol, the subject realized a counter movement jump as a reference value (CMJr), and thereafter repeated sprint tests with and without changing of direction (six maximal 2 × 12.5 m shuttle sprints and six maximal 25 m straight sprints, respectively) combined with vertical jumping. RESULTS: Horizontal drop jump during warm-up showed larger improvements in repeated sprints performance with and without change of direction for the parameters best time and mean time, compared with warm up without drop jumps (p< 0.01) and warm up with vertical drop jumps (p< 0.05). Vertical drop jump performance during warm-up induced greater gains in countermovement jump reference value in comparison with warm up without drop jump (p< 0.01), or warm up with horizontal drop jump (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: PAP during warm-up using horizontal drop jump improves repeated sprints performance with and without changing of direction while PAP using vertical drop jump improves CMJ reference value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoodha Al Kitani
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Ambussaidi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Majid Al Busafi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
- Humanities Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Badriya Al-Hadabi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Radhouane Haj Sassi
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Gmada
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Baena-Raya A, Sánchez-López S, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, García-Ramos A, Jiménez-Reyes P. Effects of two drop-jump protocols with different volumes on vertical jump performance and its association with the force-velocity profile. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:317-324. [PMID: 31797036 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) height after two drop-jump (DJ) protocols with different volumes, and to explore the possibility of predicting the changes in CMJ height based on the vertical force-velocity (F-v) profile. METHOD Thirty-four male athletes (age: 21.9 ± 2.0 years) were tested on three occasions. The F-v profile during the CMJ exercise was determined in the first session. Two DJ protocols (low-volume [1 set of 5 DJ trials from a 30 cm height] and high-volume [3 sets of 5 DJ trials from a 30 cm height]) were randomly performed during the second and third sessions, and the unloaded CMJ height was evaluated before (Pre), 4 min (Post4), 8 min (Post8), and 12 min (Post12) after the DJ protocol. RESULTS CMJ height was significantly higher at Post4 (2.5 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-3.0 cm]; ES = 0.35), Post8 (2.1 cm [95% CI = 1.4-2.8 cm]; ES = 0.29) and Post12 (2.2 cm [95% CI = 1.4-3.0 cm]; ES = 0.30) compared to Pre. The only significant interaction (protocol × time) was caused by a higher increment in CMJ height at Post4 for the low-volume (8.1 ± 3.7%) compared to the high-volume (5.8 ± 3.9%) protocol. The F-v profile did not explain a significant part of the change in CMJ height (variance explained < 10%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low-volume DJ protocols could be more efficient to acutely increase CMJ performance, while the change in CMJ height was not affected by the F-v profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Baena-Raya
- Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-López
- Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodríguez-Pérez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de La Santisima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Gil MH, Neiva HP, Garrido ND, Aidar FJ, Cirilo-Sousa MS, Marques MC, Marinho DA. The Effect of Ballistic Exercise as Pre-Activation for 100 m Sprints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101850. [PMID: 31137756 PMCID: PMC6572263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of warm-up in sports performance has received a special interest in the current literature. However, there is a large gap of knowledge about the tasks to be performed, specifically in the real competitive environment. The purpose of the study was to verify the acute effects of a warm-up including ballistic exercises in 100 m running performance. In addition, a second 100 m trial was assessed to better understand the warm-up effects in training and competition. Eleven men (25.4 ± 6.2 years of age, 1.76 ± 0.08 m of height, 78.2 ± 8.6 kg of body mass) were submitted to three different protocols, in a randomized order: no warm-up (NWU), typical warm-up (WU) and WU complemented with ballistic exercises (PAP). Biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological variables were assessed. Differences were found between the three conditions assessed in the first 100 m sprint with 7.4% and 7.6% faster performances after the WU and PAP, compared to NWU. Stride length was higher in the second part of the 100 m after PAP compared with WU. These results highlight the positive effects of warm-up for sprinting performance. The inclusion of ballistic exercises, besides being used to improve sprint performance, can increase stride length in the final of the 100 m race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Gil
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Nuno D Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Doctorade and Master's level in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria S Cirilo-Sousa
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-010, Brazil.
| | - Mário C Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
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García-Pinillos F, Delgado-Floody P, Martínez-Salazar C, Latorre-Román PÁ. Responsiveness of the Countermovement Jump and Handgrip Strength to an Incremental Running Test in Endurance Athletes: Influence of Sex. J Hum Kinet 2018; 61:199-208. [PMID: 29599872 PMCID: PMC5873349 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the acute effects of an incremental running test on countermovement jump (CMJ) and handgrip strength performance in endurance athletes, considering the effect of post-exercise recovery time and sex. Thirty-three recreationally trained long-distance runners, 20 men and 13 women, participated voluntarily in this study. The participants performed the Léger test, moreover, the CMJ and handgrip strength tests were carried out before and after the running test and during different stages of recovery (at the 1st min of recovery (posttest1), 5th min of recovery (posttest2), and 10th min of recovery (posttest3)). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant improvement in the CMJ (pre-posttest1, p = 0.001) and handgrip strength (pre-posttest2, p = 0.017) during recovery time. The Pearson’s Chi-2 test showed no significant relationship (p ≥ 0.05) between sex and post-activation potentiation (PAP). A linear regression analysis pointed to heart rate recovery as a predictive factor of CMJ improvement (PAP). In conclusion, despite significant fatigue reached during the Léger test, the long-distance runners did not experience an impaired CMJ and handgrip strength performance, either men or women, achieving an improvement (PAP) in posttest conditions. The results obtained showed no significant relationship between sex and PAP. Moreover, significant effect of recovery after running at high intensity on CMJ performance and handgrip strength was found. Finally, the data suggest that PAP condition can be predicted by heart rate recovery in endurance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe García-Pinillos
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression. University of Jaen, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n. D2 Building, Dep. 142. 23071, Jaen, Spain
- Felipe García-Pinillos. Faculty of Education Sciences. Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression. University of Jaén (Spain). Campus de las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén (Spain). Tel: (+34) 660062066, (+34) 953 212710. E-mail:
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Universidad de La Frontera, Faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pedro Á. Latorre-Román
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression. University of Jaen, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n. D2 Building, Dep. 142. 23071, Jaen, Spain
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Postactivation Potentiation Following Acute Bouts of Plyometric versus Heavy-Resistance Exercise in Collegiate Soccer Players. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3719039. [PMID: 29568749 PMCID: PMC5820625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3719039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postactivation potentiation is referred to as an acute and temporary enhancement of muscle performance resulting from previous muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of plyometric exercise (PLY) and heavy-resistance exercise (RES) on the blood lactate level (BLa) and physical performance. Fourteen male collegiate soccer players were randomized to perform either RES or PLY first and then crossed over to perform the opposite intervention. PLY consisted of 40 jumps, whereas RES comprised ten single repetitions at 90% of one repetition maximum. BLa and physical performance (countermovement jump height and 20-m sprint) were measured before and at 1 and 10 min following the exercise. No significant difference was observed in the BLa for both exercises (PLY and RES). Relative to baseline, countermovement jump (CMJ) height was significantly better for the PLY group after 1 min (P = 0.004) and after 10 min (P = 0.001) compared to that of the RES group. The 20-m sprint time was significantly better for PLY at 10 min (P = 0.003) compared to that of RES. The present study concluded that, compared to RES, PLY causes greater potentiation, which leads to improved physical performance. This trial is registered with NCT03150277.
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Bridgeman LA, McGuigan MR, Gill ND, Dulson DK. The Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading on the Drop Jump Exercise and the Subsequent Postactivation Potentiation Response. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1620-1626. [PMID: 28538313 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the acute effects of different drop jump (DJ) accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) protocols and (b) to investigate the effect of these AEL DJ protocols on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. The subjects were 12 strength-trained athletes; initially, baseline CMJ performance was assessed and individual optimal DJ drop height identified. In subsequent weeks, subjects completed 1 set of 5 DJs with no additional load or an AEL of 10, 20, or 30% of their individual body mass (BM) using dumbbells to provide the extra load. After the AEL DJ protocols, 3 CMJs were completed after 2, 6, and 12 minutes rest. A generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate the effects of AEL load and time post-DJs on CMJ height, peak power, and ground reaction force. The 20% AEL condition resulted in greater CMJ height in comparison with all other conditions (p < 0.001). CMJ height was significantly greater after 2 and 6 minutes rest compared with 12 minutes (p < 0.001 and p ≤ 0.05 respectively). Greater peak power was also found during the CMJs after the 20% AEL condition compared with baseline, BM, and 10% AEL (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, 5 DJs with 20% AEL followed by a 2 minutes recovery period resulted in significant enhancement in CMJ height and peak power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Bridgeman
- 1Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; and 2New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand
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