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Smiley T, Dallman J, Long R, Kapple M, Aldag L, Mok A, Bernard C, Martin K, Vopat L, Vopat B. Lower extremity return to sport testing: A systematic review. Knee 2024; 50:115-146. [PMID: 39163752 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower extremity injuries account for an enormous portion of sports medicine cases in the United States each year. Unfortunately, there are no uniform criteria for athletes to complete prior to returning to sport (RTS) following a lower extremity injury. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to review current literature for joint-specific and global lower extremity testing to determine the most valid functional test that can be utilized to reduce the risk of re-injury as athletes RTS. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, OVID, and Embase databases was conducted for studies prior to May 2024 following PRISMA guidelines. ROBINS-I Tool was utilized for the risk of bias assessment. RESULTS Of 19,189 studies, 114 (0.6%) studies published prior to May of 2024 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Eighty five percent of articles discussed RTS for individuals with knee pathology. Furthermore, 82% specifically analyzed RTS following ACL reconstruction. The most common RTS test was isokinetic dynamometry testing which is seen in 73% of studies. Only 6.2% of studies analyzed RTS for individuals with hip pathology and only two studies analyzed RTS for patients with ankle injuries. CONCLUSION Even with the enormous amount of literature that exists regarding ACL injuries and testing there is no standardized criterion for RTS clearance. The suggested test batteries from this review can serve as a framework for future research and validation for joint-specific RTS functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci Smiley
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
| | - Johnathan Dallman
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Rachel Long
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Mason Kapple
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Levi Aldag
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Anthony Mok
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Christopher Bernard
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Kyle Martin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
| | - Lisa Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Bryan Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
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Picot B, Fourchet F, Rauline G, Freiha K, Wikstrom E, Lopes R, Hardy A. Ankle-GO score is associated with the probability of becoming coper after lateral ankle sprain: a 1-year prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108361. [PMID: 39122369 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between Ankle-GO score during the return to sport process and the probability of becoming a coper 1 year after lateral ankle sprain (LAS). Copers were defined as patients returning to their preinjury sport without loss of function and reporting no episodes of reinjury or giving-way. METHODS Two months after a LAS, patients performed the Ankle-GO assessment which includes a cluster of four functional tests and two self-reported questionnaires for a maximum score of 25 points. One year after injury, participants were classified as copers or non-copers. Eight potential predictive variables associated with coper status were compared between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve (AUC)) and multivariable logistic regression models with OR and 95% CIs were used to determine the association of potential factors, including the Ankle-GO score, with copers. RESULTS 64 patients (56% females; age 33.7±13.2 years) completed the Ankle-GO-GO at 2 months postinjury. At 1 year postinjury, 10 patients (15%) were lost to follow-up, and only 17 of 54 patients (31%) became copers. Two-month Ankle-GO score was higher among copers (9.9±4.9 points vs 6.9±3.7, p=0.015) and was associated with future coper status at 1 year (AUC=0.70). Patients with an Ankle-GO score above 11 points and male patients were more likely to become copers (OR=12.1; 95% CI 2.5 to 59, p=0.002 and OR=5.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 22.4, p=0.026, respectively). CONCLUSION The Ankle-GO may help identify patients more likely to become copers within a year of injury. Those with low Ankle-GO scores and female patients should receive additional rehabilitation to increase the odds of becoming a coper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Picot
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, EA 7424, F-73000, C, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
| | - François Fourchet
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Hopital de la Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Erik Wikstrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Choi S, Jun HP. Effects of Rehabilitative Exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Morphology and Dynamic Balance in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1187. [PMID: 39064616 PMCID: PMC11279363 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Muscle atrophy caused by chronic ankle instability (CAI) can incur muscle weakness, altered movement patterns, and increased risk of injury. Previous studies have investigated the effects of rehabilitative exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on characteristics in CAI individuals, but few studies have examined their effects on foot and ankle muscle morphology. This study aimed to determine the effects of rehabilitative exercises and NMES on muscle morphology and dynamic balance in individuals with CAI. Materials and Methods: Participants with CAI (n = 47) were randomly divided into control (CG), rehabilitative exercise (REG), NMES (NG), and rehabilitative exercise and NMES combined (RNG) groups. The six-week intervention program consisting of rehabilitative exercises and NMES was applied to groups excluding CG. Muscle morphology and dynamic balance were evaluated using a portable wireless diagnostic ultrasound device and dynamic balance tests. For statistical analysis, an effect size with 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess mean differences according to intervention. Results: After six weeks, significant increases in morphology and dynamic balance were observed for all muscles except flexor hallucis longus (p > 0.05) in the intervention groups except for CG. However, no significant changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that intervention programs may help prevent muscle atrophy and improve balance in CAI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyung-pil Jun
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
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Flore Z, Hambly K, De Coninck K, Welsch G. A Rehabilitation Algorithm After Lateral Ankle Sprains in Professional Football (Soccer): An Approach Based on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:910-922. [PMID: 38966831 PMCID: PMC11221331 DOI: 10.26603/001c.120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common types of injury in professional football (soccer) players with high risk of recurrence. The rehabilitation after LAS in professional football players is often still time-based and relies on anecdotal experience of clinicans. There is still a lack of utilization of criteria-based rehabilitation concepts after LAS in professional football. The aims of this clinical commentary are (1) to critically discuss the need for criteria-based rehabilitation concepts after LAS in professional football players, (2) to highlight the current lack of these approaches and (3) to present a novel clinical guideline-based rehabilitation algorithm. Short time-loss (15 days) and high recurrence rate (17%) raise the question of trivialization of LAS in professional football. Despite consequences for many stakeholders involved (players, teams, clubs, insurers), there is still a lack of of criteria-based, step-by-step approaches. The use of a criteria-based rehabilitation approach might reduce the high recurrence rate after LAS in professional football players and will lead, in turn, to increased long-term player availability. Practical experiences of he authors demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach. The effectiveness of this novel rehabilitation algorithm remains to be evaluated in future studies. Level of Evidence: 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Flore
- School of Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of Kent
- Medical Department1. FC Magdeburg
| | - Karen Hambly
- School of Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of Kent
| | | | - Götz Welsch
- UKE-AthleticumUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
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5
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Asgari M, Alizadeh MH, Naderi M, Abshenas E, Sahebozamani M, Yazdani S, Nolte K, Alizadeh S, Mohammadi M, Kooroshfard N, Arghadeh R, Jaitner T. Little associations exist between the three commonly used functional screening tests in collegiate athletes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13611. [PMID: 38871829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although an abundant number of studies have investigated the predictability of the commonly used functional screening tests and despite their popularity and applicability, the relationships between these tests have rarely been studied and have not been well established. This study aimed to examine the potential association between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (YBT), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Six hundred twenty-seven Iranian collegiate athletes (347 males, age = 22.63 ± 4.07, weight = 75.98 ± 13.79, height = 181.99 ± 10.15, BMI = 22.84 ± 3.16; and 280 females, age = 22.22 ± 3.37, weight = 60.63 ± 9.58, height = 166.55 ± 6.49, BMI = 21.81 ± 2.84) participated in this study. Following a 5-min warm-up, each participant underwent a standardized screening battery including the FMS, YBT, and LESS, and the scores were recorded and live coded for the statistical analysis, except for the LESS. The LESS tests were video recorded and scored by one expert examiner using an open-source 2D video analysis software (Kinovea- version 0.9.5), afterwards. The Spearman correlation was utilized as a measure for the correlation, and the Mann‒Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to check the differences between male and female athletes. The statistical analysis was performed with RStudio 2023.03.0 using R 4.3.1. A small correlation (0.364) was observed between the FMS composite score and the YBT in male athletes. All other pairwise correlations were negligible among male and female athletes, ranging from - 0.096 to 0.294. Reducing the FMS to the component scores targeting the lower extremities did not alter the correlation to the other screening scores. The median FMS composite score in female athletes was significantly higher than that in males (p < 0.001). Negligible correlations exist between the FMS, LESS, and YBT; they do not measure the same values and therefore are irreplaceable with one another. A combination of these tests as a standardized screening battery may potentially better identify injury-predisposed athletes than the application of each test as a stand-alone screening test. Females outperformed males in the FMS test significantly, so sex must be considered a key variable in the FMS studies. Males had slightly higher LESS scores (median difference = 0.5) than females, but this difference is not clinically meaningful. Future research should continue to explore the relationships between various functional screening tests and identify the most effective combinations for comprehensive assessment in different populations and sports disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Asgari
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naderi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Abshenas
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Sahebozamani
- Department of Pathology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shirin Yazdani
- Department of Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kevin Nolte
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Human Performance Lab, Kinesiology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Negar Kooroshfard
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Arghadeh
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- Training and Movement Science Department, Institue for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str.03, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Dombrowski N, Cleary CJ, Bernard CD, Vopat BG, Herda AA. Psychological Readiness Is Weakly Related to Physical Function Tests at Return to Sport for Men and Not at All for Women Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. Arthroscopy 2024; 40:1870-1878. [PMID: 38061685 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationships between physical function tests of the operative limb and psychological readiness to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (return to sport after injury [ACL-RSI]) by sex. The secondary purpose was to quantify sex-specific differences in physical function test outcomes. METHODS Patient records were retrospectively identified as cases who performed RTS physical function testing (strength, horizontal hops, vertical jumps, single-leg leg press, and drop landing knee excursion, etc.), and completed a 6-question ACL-RSI survey at the time point they were cleared to RTS. Independent t-tests compared all variables between sex at P ≤ .05. Correlations and regression models were produced per sex to identify factors related to operative limb physical function tests and ACL-RSI scores. RESULTS With a total of 127 patients (63 men; 64 women), there was no difference in ACL-RSI scores and leg press repetitions between sex (P = .32 and P = .12, respectively). There were sex differences for all other physical performance outcomes (P < .001 for all). To estimate readiness using physical function test scores, the men's regression model identified knee excursion (β = 0.345; P = .033) as the only contributor to ACL-RSI (R2 = 0.089), whereas there was no relationship between physical performance outcomes and ACL-RSI in women (R2 = 0.00, P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Men and women reported similar ACL-RSI scales, indicating high readiness to return to sport. Likely due to sex-related physiological differences, men performed better at most physical function tests. Further, male ACL-RSI could be predicted using only one physical function outcome and 91% variability of the ACL-RSI coming from other contributors not evaluated, as indicated by R2. No physical function variables predict ACL-RSI in women. The evaluated variables are considered the primary indicators relevant for patients to be permitted to RTS yet cannot adequately predict psychological readiness in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dombrowski
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Christopher J Cleary
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas Edwards Campus, Overland Park, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Christopher D Bernard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Bryan G Vopat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Ashley A Herda
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas Edwards Campus, Overland Park, Kansas, U.S.A..
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Gabriel EH, White BM. Attitudes Toward Injury-Prevention Program Participation Based on Race and Collegiate Division in Female Athletes. J Athl Train 2024; 59:487-492. [PMID: 38291781 PMCID: PMC11127680 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0195.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Injury-prevention programs (IPPs) have been effective in reducing lower extremity injury rates, but user compliance plays a major role in their effectiveness. Race and collegiate division may affect attitudes toward participation in IPPs and compliance in female collegiate athletes. OBJECTIVE To compare attitudes toward IPPs based on race and collegiate division. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 118 female collegiate athletes (age = 19.71 ± 1.47 years, height = 169.46 ± 9.09 cm, mass = 69.57 ± 11.57 kg) volunteered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Participants completed the Health Belief Model Scale and the Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS) on 1 occasion. The Health Belief Model Scale contains 9 subscales (perceived susceptibility, perceived consequences, fear of injury, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, community-led self-efficacy, individual self-efficacy, general health cues, external health cues), whereas the TPBS has 5 subscales (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived social norms, social influence, intention to participate). The independent variables were race (White versus Black, Indigenous, and other people of color [BIPOC]) and National Collegiate Athletic Association division (I and III). Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect differences in attitudes toward IPP participation based on race and collegiate division. RESULTS White female athletes perceived fewer TPBS barriers to participation in IPPs (P = .003) and more community-led self-efficacy when compared with BIPOC female athletes (P = .009). Division I athletes perceived a greater fear of injury (P = .002) and more general health cues (P = .01) than Division III athletes. CONCLUSIONS For lower extremity IPPs, BIPOC and Division III female collegiate athletes may need different implementation strategies. Individuals who identify as BIPOC may benefit from interventions focusing on solutions for common barriers to participation and improving community-led self-efficacy, and Division III athletes may benefit from interventions focusing on education related to the risk of injury and general preventive health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Gabriel
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Brandi M. White
- Department of Health and Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Hu X, Feng T, Li P, Liao J, Wang L. Bilateral Sensorimotor Impairments in Individuals with Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38589676 PMCID: PMC11001848 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is manifested by sensorimotor impairments in the sprained ankle, including deficits in sensation, motor function, and central integration or processing. These impairments have a significant impact on physical activities and daily life. Recently, some studies have suggested that bilateral deficits were observed in unilateral CAI, but contradictory evidence disputes this finding. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether bilateral sensorimotor deficits presented in individuals with unilateral CAI. METHODS Without language restriction, the following databases were retrieved from database inception up until 3 November 2023, including PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Case-control and cross-sectional studies that investigated bilateral sensorimotor functions in individuals with unilateral CAI were included. Sensorimotor functions contained static and dynamic balance, functional performance, muscle strength and activation, as well as sensation. Outcome measures contained centre-of-pressure parameters, normalised reach distance, activation time and magnitude of muscle, sensory errors and threshold. The risk of bias and quality assessment of included studies were evaluated using a standardised tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument, respectively. To explore the potential bilateral deficits associated with unilateral CAI, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4. The analysis compared the injured limb of unilateral CAI with healthy controls and the uninjured limb with healthy controls. The main focus of this study was to investigate the differences between the uninjured limb and healthy controls. A random-effects model was employed and effect sizes were estimated using the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Effect sizes were deemed as weak (0.2-0.5), moderate (0.5-0.8), or large (> 0.8). RESULTS A total of 11,442 studies were found; 30 studies were contained in the systematic review and 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with healthy controls, those with unilateral CAI presented weak to moderate impairments in their uninjured limbs in static balance with eyes open (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.56), functional performance (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.67), kinesthesia (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.95) and tibialis anterior activation (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.01). There were no significant differences in other comparisons between the uninjured limb and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with unilateral CAI may present bilateral deficits in static balance with eyes open, functional performance and kinaesthesia. However, further evidence is required to confirm this point due to limited studies included in some analyses and small effect size. REGISTRATION The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews platform (CRD: 42,022,375,855).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Sagawa Y, Yamada T, Ohmi T, Moriyama Y, Kato J. Differences in lower extremity kinematics during single-leg lateral drop landing of healthy individuals, injured but asymptomatic patients, and patients with chronic ankle instability- a cross-sectional observational study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297660. [PMID: 38512894 PMCID: PMC10956788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The lower-extremity kinematics associated with forward jump landing after an ankle injury is known to differ for patients with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), copers (injured but asymptomatic patients), and healthy individuals. However, the differences in the lower extremity kinematics of these groups associated with a Single-leg Lateral Drop Landing (SLDL) are unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the lower limb and foot kinematics during SLDL in CAI patients and to compare these characteristics with those of the copers and healthy individuals. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Nineteen participants, each, were selected from the CAI, Coper, and control groups. The lower-extremity kinematics during SLDL was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis over an interval progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Either one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the attributes of the respective groups, with each parameter measured every 10 ms. The maximum values and excursions of the parameters were established over time intervals progressing from 200 ms before landing to 200 ms after landing. Significant observations were subjected to post hoc analysis. Compared to the Coper group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller hip adduction angles at 160 ms, ankle dorsiflexion angles in the 110-150 ms interval, and maximum ankle dorsiflexion angles after landing. Compared to the control group, the CAI group exhibited significantly smaller excursions of MH inversion/eversion after landing. Our findings confirm the necessity of focusing on the kinematics of hip adduction/abduction and plantar/dorsiflexion during SLDL in evaluating patients with ankle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Moriyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Division of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Karadacare Business Development Office, NEC Livex, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Picot B, Fourchet F, Lopes R, Rauline G, Freiha K, D'hooghe P, Valentin E, Hardy A. Low Ankle-GO Score While Returning to Sport After Lateral Ankle Sprain Leads to a 9-fold Increased Risk of Recurrence: A Two-year Prospective Cohort Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38453775 PMCID: PMC10920508 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common sports injury, leading to a high rate of recurrence and the development of chronic ankle instability. One possible explanation is the lack of objective, evidence-based criteria to inform return to sport decisions following LAS. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the efficacy of a new functional score to distinguish patients at risk of recurrent LAS within two years after the initial injury. METHODS The Ankle-GO score was used in 64 active patients two months after LAS. This composite score includes 2 self-reported questionnaires and 4 functional tests, for a maximum score of 25 points. The rate of reinjury was prospectively recorded 2 years after inclusion. Potential predictive variables for reinjury were tested using the Chi-square and independent t-tests. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) with the optimal cut-off score was determined to assess the predictive value of the Ankle-GO score for the risk of reinjury. Multivariate logistic regression was then used to determine the influence of risk factors of reinjury. RESULTS Fifty-four (85%) patients were included (23 men and 31 women, 34.7 ± 13 years old) including 18 (33.3%) with a reinjury. The two-month Ankle-GO score was lower in patients with a recurrent LAS (5.4 ± 2.8 points vs. 9.1 ± 4.5, p = 0.002) and predicted the risk of reinjury (AUC = 0.75). Patients with < 8 points were found to have a significantly higher risk of reinjury (OR = 8.6; 95%CI: 2-37.2, p = 0.001). Women also tend to have a higher risk of recurrence (OR = 3.8; 95%CI: 0.9-15.5, p = 0.065). CONCLUSION The Ankle-GO score is a new objective criterion for RTS after LAS. Patients with a low score at two months have a 9-fold greater risk of recurrence within two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Picot
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Savoie Mont-Blanc University, Chambéry, 7424, F-73000, EA, France.
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France.
- Département STAPS, Campus Technolac, Le Bourget-du-Lac, 73370, France.
| | - François Fourchet
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Physiotherapy Department, La Tour Hospital Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Lopes
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Groupe Ramsay, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pieter D'hooghe
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Picot B, Lopes R, Rauline G, Fourchet F, Hardy A. Development and Validation of the Ankle-GO Score for Discriminating and Predicting Return-to-Sport Outcomes After Lateral Ankle Sprain. Sports Health 2024; 16:47-57. [PMID: 37434508 PMCID: PMC10732116 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231183647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common sports-related injury. However, there are currently no published evidence-based criteria to guide the patient's return to sport (RTS) and this decision is generally time-based. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a new score (Ankle-GO) and its predictive ability for RTS at the same level of play after LAS. HYPOTHESIS The Ankle-GO is robust for discriminating and predicting RTS outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Prospective diagnostic study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS The Ankle-GO was administered to 30 healthy participants and 64 patients at 2 and 4 months after LAS. The score was calculated as the sum of 6 tests for a maximum of 25 points. Construct validity, internal consistency, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability were used to validate the score. The predictive value for the RTS was also validated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The internal consistency of the score was good (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.79) with no ceiling or floor effect. Test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass coefficient correlation = 0.99) with a minimum detectable change of 1.2 points. The 2-month scores were significantly lower than 4-month and control group scores (7.7 ± 4, 13.9 ± 4.6, and 19.6 ± 3.4 points, respectively, P < 0.01). Ankle-GO values were also significantly higher in patients who returned to their preinjury level at 4 months compared with those who did not (P < 0.01). The predictive value of the 2-month Ankle-GO score was fair for a RTS at the same or higher than preinjury level at 4 months (area under ROC curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.89; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The Ankle-GO appears to be a valid and robust score for clinicians to predict and discriminate RTS in patients after LAS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ankle-GO is the first objective score to help in the decision-making of the RTS after LAS. At 2 months, patients with an Ankle-GO score <8 points are unlikely to RTS at the same preinjury level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Picot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Savoie Mont-Blanc University, Chambéry, France
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapy (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
| | - Ronny Lopes
- Santé Atlantique, Pied Cheville Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | | | - François Fourchet
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapy (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Physiotherapy Department, La Tour Hospital Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Meyrin, Switzerland
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Martin RL, Takla A, Disantis A, Kohlrieser D, Enseki K, Lifshitz L, Grant L, Bizzini M, Voight M, Ryan M, McGovern R, Tyler T, Steinfeld-Mass Y, Campbell A, Zhang Y. Evaluating Functional Performance Tests in those with Non-arthritic Intra-articular Hip Pain: An International Consensus Statement. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1346-1355. [PMID: 38050542 PMCID: PMC10693491 DOI: 10.26603/001c.89269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-arthritic intra-articular hip pain, caused by various pathologies, leads to impairments in range of motion, strength, balance, and neuromuscular control. Although functional performance tests offer valuable insights in evaluating these patients, no clear consensus exists regarding the optimal tests for this patient population. Purpose This study aimed to establish expert consensus on the application and selection of functional performance tests in individuals presenting with non-arthritic intra-articular hip pain. Study Design A modified Delphi technique was used with fourteen physical therapy experts, all members of the International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA). The panelists participated in three rounds of questions and related discussions to reach full consensus on the application and selection of functional performance tests. Results The panel agreed that functional performance tests should be utilized at initial evaluation, re-evaluations, and discharge, as well as criterion for assessing readiness for returning to sports. Tests should be as part of a multimodal assessment of neuromuscular control, strength, range of motion, and balance, applied in a graded fashion depending on the patient's characteristics. Clinicians should select functional performance tests with objective scoring criteria and prioritize the use of tests with supporting psychometric evidence. A list of recommended functional performance tests with varying intensity levels is provided. Low-intensity functional performance tests encompass controlled speed in a single plane with no impact. Medium-intensity functional performance tests involve controlled speed in multiple planes with low impact. High-intensity functional performance tests include higher speeds in multiple planes with higher impact and agility requirements. Sport-specific movement tests should mimic the patient's particular activity or sport. Conclusion This international consensus statement provides recommendations for clinicians regarding selection and utilization of functional performance tests for those with non-arthritic intra-articular hip pain. These recommendations will encourage greater consistency and standardization among clinicians during a physical therapy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Takla
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Australian Sports Physiotherapy
- Hip Arthroscopy Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mike Voight
- Nashville Hip Institute at TOA
- School of Physical Therapy Belmont University
| | - Mark Ryan
- The Steadman Clinic Steadman Philippon Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Ashley Campbell
- Nashville Hip Institute at TOA
- School of Physical Therapy Belmont University
| | - Yongni Zhang
- Duquesne University
- Duquesne - China Health Institute
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Comfort SM, Marchetti DC, Duncan PP, Dornan GJ, Haytmanek CT, Clanton TO. Broström Repair With and Without Augmentation: Comparison of Outcomes at Median Follow-up of 5 Years. Foot Ankle Int 2023; 44:691-701. [PMID: 37282349 DOI: 10.1177/10711007231176806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An augmented Broström repair with nonabsorbable suture tape has demonstrated strength and stiffness more similar to the native anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) compared to Broström repair alone at the time of repair in cadaveric models for the treatment of lateral ankle instability. The study purpose was to compare minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following treatment of ATFL injuries with Broström repair with vs without suture tape augmentation. METHODS Between 2009 and 2018, patients >18 years old who underwent primary surgical treatment for an ATFL injury with either a Broström repair alone (BR Cohort) or Broström repair with suture tape augmentation (BR-ST Cohort) were identified. Demographic data and PROs, including Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) with activities of daily living (ADL) and sport subscales, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Tegner Activity Scale, and patient satisfaction with surgical outcome, were compared between groups, and proportional odds ordinal logistic regression was used. RESULTS Ninety-one of 102 eligible patients were available for follow-up at median 5 years. The BR cohort had 50 of 53 patients (94%) completed follow-up at a median of 7 years. The BR-ST cohort had 41 of 49 (84%) complete follow-up at a median of 5 years. There was no significant difference in median postoperative FAAM ADL (98% vs 98%, P = .67), FAAM sport (88% vs 91%, P = .43), SF-12 PCS (55 vs 54, P = .93), Tegner score (5 vs 5, P = .64), or patient satisfaction (9 vs 9, P = .82). There was significantly higher SF-12 MCS (55.7 vs 57.6, P = .02) in the BR-ST group. Eight patients underwent subsequent ipsilateral ankle surgery, of which one patient (BR-ST group) was revised for recurrent lateral ankle instability. CONCLUSION At median 5 years, patients treated for ATFL injury of the lateral ankle with Broström repair with suture tape augmentation demonstrated similar patient-reported outcomes to those treated with Broström repair alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parker P Duncan
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
- The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO, USA
| | | | - C Thomas Haytmanek
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
- The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Thomas O Clanton
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
- The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO, USA
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Jales MTM, Barbosa GM, Gonçalves GV, Fialho HRF, Calixtre LB, Kamonseki DH. Physical Performance and Mobility Tests Using Telehealth: A Feasibility Study With Athletes. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37146989 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physical performance tests (PPTs) and mobility tests have been widely used in sports rehabilitation. However, the feasibility of PPTs and mobility tests via telehealth is unknown. OBJECTIVES To verify the feasibility of PPTs and mobility tests to assess athletes via telehealth. DESIGN This is a feasibility study. PARTICIPANTS Athletes enrolled in a sports team or club for at least 2 years and with previous enrollment in a competitive league were recruited through advertisements on social media. The athletes included in this study (mean age = 25.9 y, from different sports) performed a battery of PPTs and mobility tests for the lower-extremity or upper-extremity and trunk, according to their sport modality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The feasibility was assessed with recruitment, success, and dropout rates. In addition, athletes' perceptions of easiness, satisfaction, and safety during the lower-extremity or upper-extremity and trunk PPTs and mobility tests were assessed. RESULTS Seventy-three athletes were included, between January and April 2021: 41 were allocated to the lower-extremity and 32 to the upper-extremity and trunk PPTs and mobility test, according to their sports modality. The overall dropout rate was 20.55%; >89% of the athletes agreed that the PPTs and mobility tests via telehealth were easy to perform, >78% were satisfied, and >75% felt safe during the assessments. CONCLUSION This study indicated that these 2 batteries of performance and mobility tests via telehealth are feasible to assess the lower and upper-extremities, and the trunk of athletes, considering the adherence, athletes' perception of easiness, satisfaction, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon Thomas Moises Jales
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
| | - Germanna Medeiros Barbosa
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danilo Harudy Kamonseki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP,Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB,Brazil
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Jales MTM, Barbosa GDM, Gonçalves GV, Fonseca Fialho HR, Calixtre LB, Kamonseki DH. Lower Extremity Physical Performance Tests for the Assessment of Athletes via Telehealth are Reliable. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37146987 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lower extremity physical performance tests (PPTs) have been widely used in sports rehabilitation and are commonly performed in person. However, some situations may disrupt the in-person health care delivery, such as social distancing due to the pandemic, traveling, and living in remote locations. Those situations may require adjustments in planning and applying measurement tests, and telehealth has become an alternative. Nevertheless, the reliability of lower extremity PPT tests via telehealth is still unknown. OBJECTIVES To verify the test-retest reliability, SEM, and the minimum detectable change (MDC95) of PPTs via telehealth. METHODS Fifty asymptomatic athletes completed 2 assessment sessions 7 to 14 days apart. The assessment via telehealth consisted of warm-up exercises followed by the single-, triple-, and side-hop tests, and the long jump test, in random order. Intraclass correlation coefficient, SEM, and MDC95 were calculated for each PPT. RESULTS Single-hop test showed good to excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 6.06 to 9.24 cm and 16.79 to 25.61 cm, respectively. The triple-hop test showed excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 13.17 to 28.17 cm and 30.72 to 78.07 cm, respectively. Side-hop tests showed moderate reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 0.67 to 1.22 seconds and 2.00 to 3.39 seconds, respectively. The long jump test showed excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 5.34 to 8.34 cm and 14.80 to 23.11 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION The test-retest reliability of those PPTs via telehealth was acceptable. The SEM and MDC were provided to assist clinicians in interpreting those PPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon Thomas Moises Jales
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
| | - Germanna de Medeiros Barbosa
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN,Brazil
| | - Gustavo Viotto Gonçalves
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP,Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Harudy Kamonseki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB,Brazil
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Dominguez-Navarro F, Casaña J, Perez-Dominguez B, Ricart-Luna B, Cotolí-Suárez P, Calatayud J. Dynamic balance and explosive strength appears to better explain single leg hop test results among young elite female basketball athletes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5476. [PMID: 37016001 PMCID: PMC10073233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the impact of balance, lower-limb explosive strength and anthropometric variables on the result of the hop test in young elite female basketball athletes. Ninety young elite female basketball athletes (13-17 years), without current or recent lower-limb injury, were assessed in the off-season period of July 2021. Single leg hop test, countermovement jump, Y balance test and anthropometric outcomes were assessed. A correlation study and a regression model were performed to investigate the influence of such outcomes and the value of their participation on the hop test results. It was found a low-to-moderate correlation effect size for both countermovement jump (distance and power flight) and Y balance test values (except interlimb outcomes) with the single leg hop test results. Anthropometric outcomes did not show significant correlation (p > 0.05). Regression model revealed that for right hop test, countermovement jump values exhibited an adjusted determination coefficient of 0.408, (β = 0.249, p = 0.013), For left hop test, again the countermovement jump values (β = 0.229, p = 0.025), and left Y balance test values (β = 0.331, p = 0.011) jointly obtained an adjusted determination coefficient of 0.263 significant predictive value for countermovement jump outcomes in both right (β = 0.249, p = 0.013; β = 0.301; p = 0.031) and left leg (β = 0.229, p = 0.025; β = 0.365, p = 0.040), as well as certain Y balance outcomes values. Explosive strength, and dynamic balance although to a lesser extent, appear to be the most relevant physical-functional factors influencing the single leg hop test results among young elite female basketball athletes. These findings may a serve as a basis to implement targeted interventions, such as plyometric and balance training, for an enhancement on functional rehabilitation and reducing the risk of injury related to the hop test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Dominguez-Navarro
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Borja Perez-Dominguez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Ricart-Luna
- I+D+I Alqueria LAB Department, Valencia Basket Club, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joaquin Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Costa MCG, Hendler KG, Kuriki HU, Barbosa RI, das Neves LMS, Guirro ECDO, Guirro RRDJ, Marcolino AM. Influence of neoprene ankle orthoses on dynamic balance during a vertical jump in healthy individuals and with sprain history: A cross-sectional study. Gait Posture 2023; 101:60-65. [PMID: 36736207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A sprain describes an excessive amount of force or strain on a ligament, which may or may not lead to its rupture. Orthoses are among the most common modalities prescribed as a conservative treatment for ankle instability and sprain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse the effect of neoprene orthosis on the balance and functionality of healthy individuals and volunteers with lateral ankle sprains METHODS: We evaluated 12 healthy volunteers (control group) and 12 volunteers diagnosed with a sprain and/or instability (patient group). A total of 14 men and 10 women participated in the study, with an average age of 26.15 (± 4.40) years. The volunteers' tasks consisted of performing vertical bipodal and unipodal jumps on a force platform, which were recorded in a video from the lateral view of the lower limb for posterior evaluation of the knee and ankle angles. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for comparisons, considering p < 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS The control group presented a decrease in ground reaction force when using Orthosis during the bipodal jump (p < 0.05). A decrease in anteroposterior force displacement was also observed in the left unipodal jump (p < 0.01). The patient group presented an increase in force and moment of medial-lateral displacement for both bipodal (p < 0.02) and left unipodal jumps with Orthosis (p < 0.02). A kinematic analysis showed that the control group presented the smallest knee flexion angle (p < 0.01), while the patient group presented the smallest dorsiflexion ankle angle in the bipodal jump when using orthosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We concluded that orthosis had influence on individuals' balance and joint angles. In healthy individuals presented better balance with and without orthosis and greater flexion with orthosis in the bipodal jump, regarding to the patient group presented smaller oscillations in the unipodal jump with orthosis and showed smaller knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Cristina Gomes Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Germann Hendler
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloyse U Kuriki
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael I Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lais Mara S das Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo R de Jesus Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Marcio Marcolino
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Locomotive Apparatus, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Needle AR, Tinsley JE, Cash JJ, Koeval BK, Barton JA, Howard JS. The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the ankle pronators on neural excitability & functional status in patients with chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:1-8. [PMID: 36634453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with decreased neural excitability that negatively impacts function. This study assessed a 2-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) intervention over the ankle pronators on neural excitability, performance, and patient-reported function in patients with CAI. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Twenty participants with CAI completed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were assessed for reflexive and corticospinal excitability to the ankle muscles, dynamic balance, side-hop test performance and patient-reported outcomes at baseline, post-intervention (2-weeks), and retention (4-weeks). Between baseline and post-intervention, participants reported for 5 sessions where they received either sub-noxious NMES (n = 11) or sensory-level TENS (n = 9) over the ankle pronators. RESULTS Improved reflexive excitability to the ankle pronators was observed in TENS at post-intervention (p = 0.030) and retention (p = 0.029). Cortical excitability to the dorsiflexors increased in TENS at post-intervention (p = 0.017), but not at retention (p = 0.511). No significant changes were found for other neural measures, balance ability, hopping, or patient-reported function (p > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest TENS modified neural excitability; however, these changes were not enough to impact clinical function. While TENS may be capable of neuromodulation, it may require rehabilitative exercise to generate lasting changes. NCT04322409. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Needle
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Tinsley
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jasmine J Cash
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Blake K Koeval
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Jacob A Barton
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S Howard
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Ayas İH, Çiçeklidağ M, Dağlı BY, Bircan R, Tokgöz MA, Çıtaker S, Kanatlı U. Comparison of balance and function in the long term after all arthroscopic ATFL repair surgery. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023:10.1007/s00402-023-04817-x. [PMID: 36811664 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the balance, ROM, clinical scores, kinesiophobia and functional outcomes of patients after all-arthroscopic ATFL repair surgery with the non-operated side and healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with follow up time 37.32 ± 12.51 months and twenty-five healthy controls participated in the study. Postural stability was evaluated with the Biodex® balance system by measuring overall (OSI), anterior-posterior (API), and mediolateral (MLI) stability index. Dynamic balance and function were measured using the Y-balance test (YBT) and single-leg hop test (SLH). Limb symmetry index for SLH and contralateral comparisons (YBT, OSI, API, MLI) was performed. The AOFAS score and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) were applied. Two subgroups were created (with OLT and without OLT). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference between bilateral OSI, API, MLI values and YBT anterior reach distances of all groups. Single leg OSI (0.78 ± 0.27/0.55 ± 0.12), API (0.55 ± 0.22/0.41 ± 0.10), and MLI (0.40 ± 0.16/ 0.26 ± 0.08) values were significantly worse and YBT posteromedial (73.88 ± 15.70/89.62 ± 12.25), posterolateral reach (78.03 ± 14.08/92.62 ± 8.25) and the SLH distance (117.14 ± 27.84/165.90 ± 20.91) were significantly lower on the patients than controls (p < 0.05), respectively. In contralateral comparisons, all reach distances on YBT were similar and SLH limb symmetry index of the operated side was 98.25%. AOFAS scores of the patients were 92.62 ± 11.13, TSK scores were 46.45 ± 11.32, and 21 patients (84%) had kinesiophobia. CONCLUSION AOFAS score, limb symmetry index, and bilateral balance of the patients were successful; however, there is single-leg postural stability insufficiency and kinesiophobia. Although the extremity symmetry index of the operated side of the patients was 98.25, the fact that these values are lower than those of the healthy control may have been caused by kinesiophobia. During the long-term rehabilitation, kinesiophobia should be considered and single-leg balance exercises should be monitored during the rehabilitation period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Hazal Ayas
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Çiçeklidağ
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beyza Yazgan Dağlı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Resul Bircan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Mardin Public Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Tokgöz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyit Çıtaker
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulunay Kanatlı
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Rosen AB, Choi JY, Anderson K, Remski LE, Knarr BA. Development, validity, and test-retest reliability of a new neurocognitive functional performance test: The choice-reaction hop test. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 59:80-84. [PMID: 36525740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate a choice-reaction hop test (CRHT) by assessing differences in timing versus the side-hop test (SHT), and to determine the CRHT's test-retest reliability. DESIGN Test-retest reliability. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Forty-nine healthy adults participated (16 female; age = 22.7 ± 3.4 years; height = 174.9 ± 9.1 cm; mass = 75.4 ± 14.8 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed three trials each of the SHT and the CRHT in a counterbalanced order. Participants returned one-week later to repeat the CRHT. The fastest and the mean of the three trials were compared. RESULTS Participants took significantly longer to complete the CRHT (Mean across 3 trials = 21.4 ± 3.4s, Fastest trial = 19.7 ± 3.0s) compared to the traditional SHT (10.4 ± 2.0s, p < 0.001). The CRHT demonstrated good-excellent test-retest reliability across testing days for both the mean across 3 trials (r = 0.890, p < 0.001, SEM = 1.13) and the fastest trial (r = 0.828, p < 0.001, SEM = 1.24). CONCLUSION Compared to the SHT, the CRHT took longer to complete indicating its ability to stress neurocognitive function during an FPT. The CRHT demonstrated good-excellent test-retest reliability, which may allow it to be a useful measure in serial evaluations such as during rehabilitation benchmarking. The CRHT may be an effective FPT to assess combined physical and neurocognitive function to assist clinicians in evidence-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Rosen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katie Anderson
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lindsey E Remski
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brian A Knarr
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Fältström A, Skillgate E, Tranaeus U, Weiss N, Källberg H, Lyberg V, Nomme M, Thome N, Omsland T, Pedersen E, Hägglund M, Waldén M, Asker M. Normative values and changes in range of motion, strength, and functional performance over 1 year in adolescent female football players: Data from 418 players in the Karolinska football Injury Cohort study. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 58:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohammadi Nia Samakosh H, Brito JP, Shojaedin SS, Hadadnezhad M, Oliveira R. What Does Provide Better Effects on Balance, Strength, and Lower Extremity Muscle Function in Professional Male Soccer Players with Chronic Ankle Instability? Hopping or a Balance Plus Strength Intervention? A Randomized Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101822. [PMID: 36292269 PMCID: PMC9602092 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has a higher frequency in soccer due to the rapid changes in body movement. Thus, this study compared the effects of eight weeks of a hopping protocol and a combined protocol of balance plus strength in a within-between group analysis. Thirty-six male professional soccer players participated in this study and were randomly allocated in three groups: control group (CG, n = 12), hopping group (HG, n = 12), and balance plus strength group (BSG, n = 12). Strength, static and dynamic balance, and function were assessed at baseline and eight weeks post intervention. First, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and FAAM sport scales were applied. Then, a dynamometer was used to measure strength of the muscles around the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The Bass stick measured static balance and the Y balance test measured dynamic balance. Additionally, functional tests were carried out by Triple Hop, the Figure 8 hop, and vertical jump. A repeated measures ANOVA [(3 groups) × 2 moments] was used to compare the within and between group differences. In general, all tests improved after eight weeks of training with both protocols. Specifically, the BSG improved with large ES for all tests, while the HG improved all test with small to large effect sizes (ES). Furthermore, HG showed higher values for vertical jump (p < 0.01, ES = 1.88) and FAAMSPORT (p < 0.05, ES = 0.15) than BSG. BSG showed higher values for hip abduction (p < 0.05, ES = 2.77), hip adduction (p < 0.05, ES = 0.87), and ankle inversion (p < 0.001, ES = 1.50) strength tests, while HG showed higher values for knee flexion [ES = 0.86, (0.02, 1.69)] and ankle plantarflexion [ES = 0.52, (−0.29, 1.33)]. Balance plus strength protocol showed more positive effects than the hopping protocol alone for soccer players with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mohammadi Nia Samakosh
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Malihe Hadadnezhad
- Department of Biomechanics and Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Mirković SV, Đurić S, Sember V, Knezevic OM, Pajek M, Mirković MM, Mirkov DM. Evaluation of the Limb Symmetry Index: The Side Hop Test. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874632. [PMID: 35784865 PMCID: PMC9247613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of present study was to evaluate inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of Side Hop Test stopwatch vs. force plates timing, and to determine the number of sessions and trials required to minimize the effects of learning on Side Hop Test total time and limb symmetry index. Fifteen healthy male physical education students (mean ± SD: age, 23 ± 3 years; height, 181 ± 9 cm; and weight 72 ± 6 kg) participated. Side Hop Test total time (stopwatch and force plates) of left and right leg, and limb symmetry index (force plates) were obtained over seven sessions conducted 5–7 days apart. Time recordings of two raters were similar (t = −0.56, p > 0.05) with high reliability (all ICC >0.99 and CV% <0.1) and no systematic bias when compared to force plate data (p > 0.05; for rater 1 and 2, respectively). Total time improved across the Sessions (F = 25.87, p < 0.01, ω2 = 0.18) and Trials (F = 68.15, p < 0.01, ω2 = 0.10), with no significant interaction between factors. No between-leg differences were detected (F = 0.52, p > 0.05, ω2 = 0.001). Limb symmetry index ranged from 0.999 to 1.055 across all sessions and trials (all p > 0.05 and ω2 < 0.00). Due to low coefficient of correlation, high interclass correlation coefficient, and the lack in heteroscedasticity, stopwatch measurements are valid to measure total time in the Side Hop Test. Moreover, stopwatch measurements could be reliably used to measure total time in the Side Hop Test, while the test could be administrated with only one experienced rater. Unlike total times, findings on limb symmetry index suggest it could be reliably assessed after seven familiarization sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja V. Mirković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Đurić
- Liberal Arts Department—General Education, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Vedrana Sember,
| | - Olivera M. Knezevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery “Banjica”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Pajek
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan M. Mirković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery “Banjica”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan M. Mirkov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
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The comparison of reliability and validity of the double-leg timed hop test in the national physical fitness measurement between preschool children of different ages in china. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Picot B, Hardy A, Terrier R, Tassignon B, Lopes R, Fourchet F. Which Functional Tests and Self-Reported Questionnaires Can Help Clinicians Make Valid Return to Sport Decisions in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability? A Narrative Review and Expert Opinion. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:902886. [PMID: 35721875 PMCID: PMC9204606 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.902886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprain is the most common injury in sports, with up to 40% of patients developing chronic ankle instability (CAI). One possible cause underlying this high rate of recurrence or feeling of giving way may be a premature return to sport (RTS). Indeed, except for time-based parameters, there are no specific criteria to guide clinicians in their RTS decisions in patients with CAI. A recent international consensus highlighted the relevance and importance of including patient-reported ankle function questionnaires combined with functional tests targeting ankle impairments in this population. Thus, the aim of this narrative review and expert opinion was to identify the most relevant functional performance tests and self-reported questionnaires to help clinicians in their RTS decision-making process following recurrent ankle sprains or surgical ankle stabilization. The PubMed (MEDLINE), PEDro, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify published articles. Results showed that the single leg stance test on firm surfaces, the modified version of the star excursion balance test, the side hop test and the figure-of-8 test appeared to be the most relevant functional performance tests to target ankle impairments in patients with CAI. A combination of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Ankle Ligament Reconstruction-Return to Sport after Injury (ALR-RSI) questionnaires were the most relevant self-reported questionnaires to assess patient function in the context of CAI. Although these functional tests and questionnaires provide a solid foundation for clinicians to validate their RTS decisions in patient with CAI, objective scientific criteria with cut-off scores are still lacking. In addition to the proposed test cluster, an analysis of the context, in particular characteristics related to sports (e.g., fatigue, cognitive constraints), to obtain more information about the patient's risk of recurrent injury could be of added value when making a RTS decision in patients with CAI. In order to evaluate the strength of evertors under ecological conditions, it would also be interesting to assess the ability to control weight-bearing ankle inversion in a unipodal stance. Further studies are needed to assess the relevance of this proposed test cluster in RTS decision-making following lateral ankle sprain injury and CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Picot
- French Handball Federation, Creteil, France
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Savoie Mont-Blanc University, Chambéry, France
- *Correspondence: Brice Picot
| | | | - Romain Terrier
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM), Savoie Mont-Blanc University, Chambéry, France
- SARL Whergo, Savoie Technolac (BP 80218), La Motte-Servolex, France
| | - Bruno Tassignon
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronny Lopes
- Santé Atlantique, Pied Cheville Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - François Fourchet
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapist (SFMKS Lab), Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
- Motion Analysis Lab, Physiotherapy Department, La Tour Hospital, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Meyrin, Switzerland
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Kazuaki K, Ishida K, Hashimoto M, Nakao H, Nishizawa Y, Shibanuma N, Kurosaka M, Otsuki S. The effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on one-leg rebound jump efficiency. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267460. [PMID: 35588101 PMCID: PMC9119522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertical trunk supportability improvement on activities. The study participants were 36 people. Trunk function and physical performance were evaluated using the following tests: trunk righting test (TRT), maximal isometric knee extensor strength test, side hop test, triple hop distance test, stabilometry of one-leg standing, and one-leg rebound jump. The measurement was performed three times: pre-trunk training (pre), post-trunk training for 1 month (post), and 2 months after the second measurement (detraining). Details of trunk training: Two sets of 30-s maximal lateral reach exercises on each side, following the four sets of 15-s maximal raising trunk exercises on each side. The results with TRT in post-training were significantly larger than those in pre-and detraining. Similarly, the results with one-leg rebound jump efficiency in post-training were significantly larger than those in pre-and detraining. Our findings indicate that jump efficiency changes in proportion to the change in vertical trunk supportability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinoshita Kazuaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazunari Ishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Nakao
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nao Shibanuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Otsuki
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
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Lu J, Wu Z, Adams R, Han J, Cai B. Sex differences in the relationship of hip strength and functional performance to chronic ankle instability scores. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:173. [PMID: 35313904 PMCID: PMC8935730 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While decreased hip abductor strength, functional performance, and self-reported instability scores have all been shown in association with CAI, any sex difference in the relationship between these indicators is unclear. This study was to determine whether sex differences are present in the relationship between these indicators in individuals with CAI. Methods Thirty-two women and twenty-nine men with unilateral CAI took part. Hip abductor strength and functional performance were respectively assessed using a hand-held dynamometer and the figure-8-hop test. All 61 participants scored the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) for self-reported ankle instability. Independent sample t-tests and correlation analysis were conducted. Results Normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance measures for females were lower than for males. The self-reported ankle instability CAIT score, where higher values represent less instability, was significantly and positively correlated with both normalized hip abductor strength (p = 0.003) and functional performance (p = 0.001) on the affected side in females, but not in males (p = 0.361 and p = 0.192 respectively). Conclusions Sex differences were observed in that there were significant relationships between normalized hip abductor strength, functional performance, and CAIT scores in female CAI participants, but not males, suggesting that CAI evaluation and rehabilitation strategies should be sex-specific. Highlights In females with CAI, hip abductor strength and functional performance showed significant relationships with self-reported instability scores. Correspondingly, in clinical practice with individuals with CAI, evaluation criteria may be formulated according to these observed sex differences. Sex differences should be factored into the evaluation and treatment of CAI individuals. Hip strength assessment should be employed with CAI individuals. Hip strengthening and functional hopping may be recommended for the rehabilitation of CAI, especially in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Lu
- Children's Rehabilitation Center, Division of Pediatric Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Jia Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway,Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China. .,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan, China. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Tranaeus U, Weiss N, Lyberg V, Hagglund M, Waldén M, Johnson U, Asker M, Skillgate E. Study protocol for a prospective cohort study identifying risk factors for sport injury in adolescent female football players: the Karolinska football Injury Cohort (KIC). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055063. [PMID: 35022175 PMCID: PMC8756291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Football is a popular sport among young females worldwide, but studies concerning injuries in female players are scarce compared with male players. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for injury in adolescent female football players. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Karolinska football Injury Cohort (KIC) is an ongoing longitudinal study that will include approximately 400 female football academy players 12-19 years old in Sweden. A detailed questionnaire regarding demographics, health status, lifestyle, stress, socioeconomic factors, psychosocial factors and various football-related factors are completed at baseline and after 1 year. Clinical tests measuring strength, mobility, neuromuscular control of the lower extremity, trunk and neck are carried out at baseline. Players are followed prospectively with weekly emails regarding exposure to football and other physical activity, health issues (such as stress, recovery, etc), pain, performance and injuries via the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O). Players who report a substantial injury in the OSTRC-O, that is, not being able to participate in football activities, or have reduced their training volume performance to a moderate or major degree, are contacted for full injury documentation. In addition to player data, academy coaches also complete a baseline questionnaire regarding coach experience and education. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Authority at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (2016/1251-31/4). All participating players and their legal guardians give their written informed consent. The study will be reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the Swedish football movement through stakeholders and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Tranaeus
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan Weiss
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Lyberg
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hagglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Football Research Group, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Football Research Group, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hässleholm-Kristianstad Hospitals, Hässleholm, Sweden
- Unit of Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Asker
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kim HH, Kim KH. Effects of Kinesio Taping with Squat Exercise on the Muscle Activity, Muscle Strength, Muscle Tension, and Dynamic Stability of Softball Players in the Lower Extremities: A Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:276. [PMID: 35010536 PMCID: PMC8751181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Knee injuries are common among female softball players, and the stability of the lower extremities and the strength of the knee are essential factors for them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Kinesio taping with squat exercise (KTSE) on lower extremity muscle activity, muscle strength, muscle tone, and dynamic stability of softball players. METHODS In this study, 40 softball players were randomly assigned to the KTSE group and sham taping with squat exercise (SKTSE) group. All subjects were tested three times a week for 6 weeks, i.e., for a total of 18 times. To evaluate the lower-extremity muscle activity, muscle strength, and muscle tone of the lower extremities, as well as dynamic stability, we used Noraxon Mini DTS, a digital muscular meter from JTech Medical, MyotonPRO, and the side hop test (a clinical evaluation method), respectively. These items were measured before the experiment and 6 weeks after the start of the experiment. RESULTS Both groups showed significant differences in lower-extremity muscle activity, muscle strength, muscle tone, and dynamic stability (p < 0.05). After the experiment, significant effects on lower-extremity muscle activity, muscle strength, muscle tone, and dynamic stability were observed in the KTSE group compared with in the SKTSE group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS KTSE did not have a negative effect on all items of the functional performance test. KTSE improved lower-extremity muscle activity, muscle strength, muscle tone, and dynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon-si 39528, Korea;
- Gimcheon Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon-si 39528, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon-si 39528, Korea;
- Gimcheon Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon-si 39528, Korea
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Tranaeus U, Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Weiss N, Samuelsson M, Skillgate E. The Role of the Results of Functional Tests and Psychological Factors on Prediction of Injuries in Adolescent Female Football Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010143. [PMID: 35010400 PMCID: PMC8750218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Football is a popular sport among adolescent females. Given the rate of injuries in female footballers, identifying factors that can predict injuries are important. These injuries are often caused by complex reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate if the combination of demographic (age, number of training and match play hours/week), psychosocial (perceived stress, adaptive coping strategies) and physiological factors (functional performance) can predict a traumatic injury in adolescent female footballers. A cohort consisting of 419 female football players aged 13-16 years was established. Baseline questionnaires covered potential risk factors for sport injuries, and measurements included football-related functional performance tests. Data were collected prospectively with a weekly online questionnaire for 52 weeks covering, e.g., injuries, training, and match play hours/week. A total of 62% of the players reported at least one traumatic injury during the 52 weeks. The coping strategy "positive reframing" had the strongest association with the risk of traumatic injuries. The combination of more frequent use of the coping strategy, positive reframing, and high levels of physical performance capacity may prevent a traumatic injury in adolescent female footballers. Coaches are encouraged to adopt both physiological and psychological factors when preventing injuries in young female footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Tranaeus
- Department of PNB, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 144 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (N.W.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden; (A.I.); (U.J.)
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Urban Johnson
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden; (A.I.); (U.J.)
| | - Nathan Weiss
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (N.W.); (E.S.)
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Samuelsson
- Naprapathögskolan—Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eva Skillgate
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (N.W.); (E.S.)
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Asgari M, Alizadeh S, Sendt A, Jaitner T. Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in Identifying Active Females Who are Prone to Injury. A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34807359 PMCID: PMC8608942 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in identifying active females who are predisposed to injury has not been specifically reviewed. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the ability of the FMS to identify at-risk active females. Methods Six online databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, were searched for the period of April 2006 to September 2021. Out of the 61 potential references, 17 were reviewed in detail with respect to the inclusion criteria; ten were ultimately included. The risk of bias, applicability and level of the studies were then identified using the QUADAS-2 and a checklist for assessing methodological quality. The following data were obtained from the included studies: year of publication, title, study type, participants’ demographic, sample size, FMS cutoff point, injury definition, statistical analyses used, FMS results and study level. Results Generally, the quality of eight studies was poor to moderate due to both small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Except for a study on military members, all studies were carried out on team sports players. The overall bias of the studies was low, but there was an unclear amount of bias for participant selection. Two studies reported no predictive validity for the FMS, while three defended its predictive validity; the rest partially supported the FMS as a valid diagnostic tool. The reliability of the recommended cutoff point was confirmed, though cutoffs higher than 14 were significantly associated with the predictive ability of the FMS. Conclusion Although the FMS is reliable for clinical practice, and the current literature shows promise regarding the predictive ability of the FMS among active females, concerns remain regarding its validity in identifying at-risk females. Given the lack of clarity in the literature on the use of the FMS in females, further well-organized studies with larger sample sizes and longer monitoring periods are highly recommended. The sensitivity and specificity of the recommended cutoff of ≤ 14 has considerably decreased , and higher cutoff values should be applied to increase the FMS predictive ability. Level of evidence The level of evidence was determined to be 2b.
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Martinez B, Sauers A, da Conceição Souza V, de Oliveira J, Yi LC. Responsiveness of the Brazilian IdFAI questionnaire in patients with chronic ankle instability. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:3045-3054. [PMID: 34637678 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1975336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the responsiveness of the Brazilian version of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) questionnaire in students who received an eight-week treatment for chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS Twenty-five college students (aged 23.12 ± 2.80 years) with CAI, as identified by the IdFAI questionnaire, were recruited. We used distribution and anchor-based methods to assess the responsiveness of the questionnaire, and its ability to determine clinical changes in participants. Eleven anchors were used: Visual Analog Scale for instability (VAS-i); Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT); Isometric dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion muscle strength measured using a manual dynamometer; Dynamic balance as assessed through the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT-Y); Active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion as measured using the weight-bearing lunge test; and Functional performance assessment using three hop tests: single hop, triple crossover hop, and side hop. The distribution-based method used effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM), whereas the anchor-based method used paired t-tests. Both methods allowed the calculation of the minimal important difference (MID). RESULTS The Brazilian IdFAI showed high responsiveness, with a large magnitude of change (ES = 1.34) and a high responsiveness index (SRM = 1.28) when assessed after a treatment for CAI. The IdFAI total score (p < .001) and all the 11 anchors [VAS-i (p < .001); CAIT (p < .001); Isometric dorsiflexion (p < .001), plantar flexion (p < .001), inversion (p < .001), and eversion (p < .001) muscle strength; SEBT-Y (p < .001); Lunge test (p = .002); Single hop (p < .001); triple crossover hop (p < .001); and side hop tests (p < .001)] showed significant differences. The anchor and distribution-based methods demonstrated MID values of 3.72 and 1.49-2.27, respectively. CONCLUSION The Brazilian IdFAI questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure sensitive to clinical changes in individuals with CAI. It can be used as an identification of patients with CAI, and as a parameter to verify clinical changes of clinical trials or therapeutic interventions in the population with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Martinez
- Department of Human Movement Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Andrea Sauers
- Department of Human Movement Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana de Oliveira
- Department of Human Movement Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Liu Chiao Yi
- Department of Human Movement Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Mohammadi N, Hadian MR, Olyaei GR. Comparison of the effects of Wii and conventional training on functional abilities and neurocognitive function in basketball-players with functional ankle instability: Matched randomized clinical trial. Clin Rehabil 2021; 35:1454-1464. [PMID: 34380344 DOI: 10.1177/02692155211010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of Wii and conventional training on functional abilities and neurocognitive function in basketball-players with Functional Ankle Instability (FAI). DESIGN Single-blind matched randomized clinical trial study. SETTING Outpatients setting. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-four basketball-players were randomly assigned to the Wii and control group. INTERVENTIONS All athletes in the Wii group (n = 27) performed Wii Fit Plus games; and in the control group (n = 27), they performed conventional training three days a week for 12 sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To assess functional performance and neurocognitive function, we used hop tests (8-hop, side hop, and single hop) and Deary-Liewald Reaction Time Task (DLRT), respectively. DLRT measured simple and choice reaction time and error rate. Measures were taken at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks after baseline. RESULTS In all 54 athletes completed the study. The results showed no significant differences for all hop tests in between-group comparison but the neurocognitive function showed significant improvements in the Wii group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Mean (SD) for 8-hop and side hop tests for the involved limb, and simple and choice reaction time four weeks after baseline in the control group were 10.15 (1.02), 12.36 (1.31), and 339.10 (41.57), 530.52 (53.36), respectively and in the Wii group, were 10.46 (1.23), 12.40 (1.31), and 295.25 (13.16), 431.19 (33.46), respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our results, both training protocols were equal to positively affect functional abilities. Besides, Wii training improved neurocognitive function and can be applied in FAI rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Mohammadi
- School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hadian
- School of Rehabilitation; Institute of Neurosciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Olyaei
- School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vereijken A, Aerts I, van Trijffel E, Tassignon B, Verschueren J, Meeusen R. Pre- and post-match hop test outcomes in soccer players returning to performance after lower extremity injury. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:953-960. [PMID: 34137573 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most soccer injuries concern the lower extremity with a higher injury rate during the second half of matches. In advising safe return to sport, hop tests are usually assessed at the point of return to sport under non-fatigued conditions. No studies exist investigating hop test outcomes before and after a match in soccer players returning to performance after lower extremity injury and non-injured teammates. The objective is to assess differences in hop test outcomes before and after a match in and between soccer players returning to performance after lower extremity injury and their non-injured teammates. METHODS A repeated-measures design was used to measure outcomes on five hop tests before and after a soccer match. For analyzing differences in hop tests before and after a match, paired sample t-tests were used. Independent t-tests were used to analyze differences between soccer players after injury and non-injured teammates. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS Hop tests were completed by 61 amateur soccer players after injury and 121 non-injured teammates. Differences in hop tests before and after the match within both groups had negligible to small effect sizes (d=0.00-0.49), except for the figure of 8 and 30 seconds side hop in the injured leg of RTPf soccer players (d=0.56 and d=0.71 respectively). Differences between both groups were negligible to small (d=0.00-0.36). CONCLUSIONS Soccer players returning to performance after a lower extremity injury showed similar scores on hop tests than their non-injured teammates. More demanding sport-specific performance test and measurement of quality of movement are additionally recommended for safe return to sport decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vereijken
- SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, the Netherlands - .,Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy research group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium - .,Annatommie MC, Amersfoort, the Netherlands -
| | - Inne Aerts
- SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bruno Tassignon
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy research group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Verschueren
- SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.,Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy research group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy research group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Strategic Research Program Exercise and the Brain in Health & Disease, the added value of Human-Centered Robotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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UDOMPANICH N, THANASOOTR KO, CHATCHAWAN U, CHANAVIRUT R, HUNSAWONG T. Reliability of experienced and novice raters conducting clinical balance tests in young physically active individuals. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Negrete R, Simms S, Gross J, Nunes Rabello L, Hixon M, Zeini IM, Jenkins WL, Davies GJ. The Test Re-Test Reliability of A Novel Single Leg Hop Test (T-Drill Hop Test). Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:724-731. [PMID: 34123525 PMCID: PMC8169018 DOI: 10.26603/001c.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional training and testing are an important part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program stressing the neuromuscular system in ways that simulate athletic performance to help determine criteria for return to sport. There are numerous single leg hop tests that have been used for these purposes, however, the validity and clinical relevance has been questioned. Many of the functional performance tests assess only the sagittal plane or forward direction and may only partially assess a person's athletic abilities. There is a need for reliable and valid functional tests to assess in a multi-directional manner. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to determine the test re-test reliability of a novel multi-directional timed single leg hop test (T-Drill Hop Test) for use in rehabilitation and performance assessments. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional reliability study. METHODS Fifty healthy recreationally active college age subjects, (23 males and 27 females) between the ages of 18 and 35, (mean age 23.48 with SD 3.82) consented to perform the test. The subjects hopped along a 10ft. x 10ft. "T" shaped course. Subjects performed two timed maximum effort trials of the T-Drill Hop Test on each leg with an interval of 3-7 days between the two testing days. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine intersession reliability. RESULTS The inter-rater reliability (ICC's) for the entire group of 50 subjects ranged between .98 and 1.00 suggesting excellent reliability. The bilateral comparison, utilizing paired t-tests, of the T-Drill Hop Test demonstrated no significant differences between the time scores for the dominant and non-dominant legs for either males or females (p>.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the T-Drill Hop Test has excellent test re-test reliability. These results are important prior to validation and utilization as a clinical functional performance test. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level 2.
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Effects of Shoes That Can Be Tightened Using Wire and Dial on the Dynamic Balance Following Ankle Muscle Fatigue: A Crossover Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050578. [PMID: 34068149 PMCID: PMC8153005 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle muscle fatigue causes joint instability and increased postural sway, which triggers imbalance, leading to injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of wearing shoes that can be tightened using wire and dial (SWD) compared to being barefoot and wearing lace shoes of the slip-on type (LSS) on the dynamic balance of the ankle after muscle fatigue. Twenty-two healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Muscle fatigue in the ankle was induced using Biodex, an isokinetic equipment. The participants were randomly allocated to the barefoot, LSS, and SWD groups, and the dynamic balance immediately after inducing muscle fatigue in each participant was measured using BIORescue, the Y-Balance test, and the side-hop test. The results showed that after inducing ankle muscle fatigue, wearing SWD leads to a more significant increase in dynamic balance than barefoot and wearing LSS (p < 0.05). Hence, to improve the dynamic balance of the ankle after muscle fatigue, wearing SWD is suggested as it allows the tightening of the ankle and dorsum of the foot using the wire and dial.
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Donskov AS, Brooks JS, Dickey JP. Reliability of the Single-Leg, Medial Countermovement Jump in Youth Ice Hockey Players. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9050064. [PMID: 34068061 PMCID: PMC8152474 DOI: 10.3390/sports9050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate performance tests are critical for documenting training, fatigue and injury-related changes. Functional performance testing can provide quantitative information on specialized sport movements. The single-leg, medial countermovement jump is an objective measure of frontal plane force, velocity and power, and is particularly applicable for ice hockey players given that ice skating involves applying lateral forces. This study assessed the short-term reliability (10 days) of the single-leg, medial countermovement jump performed by ten competitive male youth ice hockey players. Each participant performed three right and three left maximal single-leg, medial countermovement jumps from force plates. Measured variables included lateral and vertical takeoff velocity, lateral and vertical maximal force, maximal force above bodyweight, lateral and vertical peak concentric power, average concentric power, and average concentric power during the last 100 ms of push-off. Relative reliability was quantified by intraclass correlations. Absolute reliability and the smallest real difference were also calculated. The single-leg, medial countermovement jump had moderate-to-excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.50-0.98) for all twelve variables of interest. These results suggest that the single-leg, medial countermovement jump is a reliable test for assessing frontal plane force, velocity and power in ice hockey players, and is a valid functional performance test for this population given the similarity to ice skating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Donskov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 357, Canada; (J.S.B.); (J.P.D.)
- Donskov Strength and Conditioning, 7061 Huntley Rd, Columbus, OH 43229, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeffrey S. Brooks
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 357, Canada; (J.S.B.); (J.P.D.)
| | - James P. Dickey
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 357, Canada; (J.S.B.); (J.P.D.)
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Witchalls J, Pantanowitz M, Funk S, Waddington G, Band SS, Adams R, Steinberg N. Self-reported chronic ankle instability effects on the development of fitness during an Infantry Commanders Course. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:1130-1135. [PMID: 34030961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether self-reported chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects the physical performance of soldiers during army training, in routine army fitness tests and other sensorimotor tests. DESIGN Prospective cohort comparison. METHODS Soldiers enrolled on the Infantry Commanders Course (ICCourse) of the Israeli Defense Force were tested in weeks one and fourteen of the course, including a 3000 m timed run, an agility test over an X-shaped course, the Y Balance Test (YBT) and the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment (AMEDA) somatosensory test. Soldiers were trained using routine ICCourse physical training throughout the course. Changes in physical performance were analysed using a two-way ANOVA, for soldier groups categorised as having healthy ankles or CAI. RESULTS Soldiers improved their scores on all 4 tests (3000 m run, X-agility test, YBT and AMEDA) during the course. However, soldiers with CAI did not improve on the X-agility test, whilst those with healthy ankles did. Soldiers with CAI performed worse on the YBT-PM (postero-medial direction) at the start of the course, but this difference was no longer present at 14 weeks. Soldiers with CAI performed better on the AMEDA at the start and 14-week testing points. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported CAI restricts agility performance gains in soldiers during 14-weeks of physical training but has no effect on 3000 m running performance. Soldiers with CAI perform worse in YBT balance tests. Soldiers with CAI have better proprioceptive acuity than those with stable ankles. These findings indicate possible sensorimotor factors for training of soldiers with known CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Witchalls
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Israel
| | - Shany Funk
- Combat Fitness Department, Doctrine and Research Branch, IDF, Israel
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia; University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Nili Steinberg
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Israel
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Albadi M, Horodyski M, Vincent HK. Choosing a Robust, Easy to Administer Functional Screen for Chronic Ankle Instability. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:231. [PMID: 33908904 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Albadi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Wang H, Yu H, Kim YH, Kan W. Comparison of the Effect of Resistance and Balance Training on Isokinetic Eversion Strength, Dynamic Balance, Hop Test, and Ankle Score in Ankle Sprain. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040307. [PMID: 33916136 PMCID: PMC8065734 DOI: 10.3390/life11040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle sprain is a commonly recurring sports injury. This study aimed to compare the rehabilitation effects of resistance and balance training programs in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Patients with recurrent lateral ankle sprain completed a home-based rehabilitation program comprising resistance training (RT; n = 27) or balance training (BT; n = 27). RT consisted of exercises using elastic tube bands, and BT consisted mainly of exercises performed using a variety of balance tools. Exercises were performed for 6 weeks, twice a day for 20 min, 5 days per week. Isokinetic eversion strength, Y-Balance test and hop tests, and foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) were evaluated. Both RT and BT significantly improved strength and dynamic balance (p < 0.05). Compared to RT, BT also significantly improved the outcome of the crossover hop test (p = 0.008). The changes reflected group and time in pain (p = 0.022), sports (p = 0.027), and quality of life (p = 0.033) of FAOS were significantly greater in BT than RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Luoyang Normal College, Yibin District, Luoyang City 471934, China;
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Athletic Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gangneung–Wonju National University, Gangwon 25457, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.K.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2557 (Y.H.K.); +86-13-9301-00387 (W.K.); Fax: +82-33-641-3659 (Y.H.K.); +86-931-891-2129 (W.K.)
| | - Wencong Kan
- Sports Teaching and Research Department, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.K.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2557 (Y.H.K.); +86-13-9301-00387 (W.K.); Fax: +82-33-641-3659 (Y.H.K.); +86-931-891-2129 (W.K.)
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Arikan H, Maras G, Akaras E, Citaker S, Kafa N. Development, reliability and validity of the Closed Kinetic Chain Lower Extremity Stability Test (CKCLEST): a new clinical performance test. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:475-490. [PMID: 33759654 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1906674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and determine the test-retest, intra- and interrater reliability, and validity of the Closed Kinetic Chain Lower Extremity Stability Test (CKCLEST). Three-blinded, cross-sectional, repeated-measures clinical measurement reliability trial. Fifty young adults participated in this study. To assess the reliability of CKCLEST, intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Bland-Altman plot were used. For concurrent validity of CKCLEST was applied Spearman correlation analysis with Vertical Jump Test, Isokinetic Dynamometer Test, Single-Leg Hop Test, and Prone Bridge Test. All analyses were made for both the best score and the average score. CKCLEST showed excellent reliability. ICC for test-retest reliability (0.93; 0.84), intrarater reliability (rater 1: 0.90; 0.83- rater 2: 0.93; 0.85), and interrater reliability (0.90; 0.83) was calculated for average score and best score, respectively. CKCLEST was found to be moderately correlated with each of the tests. CKCLEST is a highly reliable, valid, and new clinical assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Arikan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Maras
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esedullah Akaras
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyit Citaker
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Kafa
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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The Effects of Therapeutic Exercise With and Without Mobilization in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:206-213. [PMID: 37159607 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Manual therapy (MT) is reported to increase range of motion (ROM), improve balance, and decrease pain in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Additional literature is needed to examine the effectiveness of the addition of MT to a therapeutic exercise regimen in individuals with CAI. Objective: To examine the combined effects of thrust joint manipulation (TJM) and exercise on function in participants reporting CAI. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A convenience sample of 30 participants (mean age 23.7 [3.65] y; mean height 169.50 [9.50] cm; mean mass 66.48 [10.64] kg). Intervention: Participants were randomly allocated to the exercise (n = 15) or exercise + TJM group (n = 20) and completed an exercise program. The exercise + TJM group also received MT at the talocrural, proximal, and distal tibiofibular joints in the first 3 sessions. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported outcomes were recorded at baseline and follow-up using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the FAAM-Sport (FAAM-S) subscale, and the Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool (AJFAT). The side-hop test, figure-of-8 hop test, 3 directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and dorsiflexion ROM were also assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results: Only the exercise + TJM group demonstrated an improvement in weight-bearing dorsiflexion with the knee flexed following treatment (P = .02). For all outcome measures, except ROM, subjects improved significantly at follow-up regardless of group assignment (P ≤ .01). Conclusions: Our data suggest that rehabilitation of patients with CAI is related to improved ROM, function, and self-reported outcomes. This provides evidence that the addition of MT to exercise may enhance improvements in ROM as compared with exercise alone. Additional research is needed to identify optimal parameters to maximize therapeutic benefit.
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Halabchi F, Hassabi M. Acute ankle sprain in athletes: Clinical aspects and algorithmic approach. World J Orthop 2020; 11:534-558. [PMID: 33362991 PMCID: PMC7745493 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i12.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ankle sprain is the most common lower limb injury in athletes and accounts for 16%-40% of all sports-related injuries. It is especially common in basketball, American football, and soccer. The majority of sprains affect the lateral ligaments, particularly the anterior talofibular ligament. Despite its high prevalence, a high proportion of patients experience persistent residual symptoms and injury recurrence. A detailed history and proper physical examination are diagnostic cornerstones. Imaging is not indicated for the majority of ankle sprain cases and should be requested according to the Ottawa ankle rules. Several interventions have been recommended in the management of acute ankle sprains including rest, ice, compression, and elevation, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications, bracing and immobilization, early weight-bearing and walking aids, foot orthoses, manual therapy, exercise therapy, electrophysical modalities and surgery (only in selected refractory cases). Among these interventions, exercise and bracing have been recommended with a higher level of evidence and should be incorporated in the rehabilitation process. An exercise program should be comprehensive and progressive including the range of motion, stretching, strengthening, neuromuscular, proprioceptive, and sport-specific exercises. Decision-making regarding return to the sport in athletes may be challenging and a sports physician should determine this based on the self-reported variables, manual tests for stability, and functional performance testing. There are some common myths and mistakes in the management of ankle sprains, which all clinicians should be aware of and avoid. These include excessive imaging, unwarranted non-weight-bearing, unjustified immobilization, delay in functional movements, and inadequate rehabilitation. The application of an evidence-based algorithmic approach considering the individual characteristics is helpful and should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Halabchi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassabi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19979-64151, Iran
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45
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Unilateral Plyometric Training is Superior to Volume-Matched Bilateral Training for Improving Strength, Speed and Power of Lower Limbs in Preadolescent Soccer Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2020; 74:161-176. [PMID: 33312284 PMCID: PMC7706637 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on strength, sprint performance and lower limb power. Sixty-eight preadolescent soccer athletes were randomly assigned to a unilateral plyometric training group (n=23), a bilateral plyometric training group (n=23) and a control group (n=22). Both plyometric training groups trained with equal volumes of unilateral or bilateral exercises for 15 minutes in each session, at which time the control group performed soccer-specific drills. Plyometric exercises were executed twice weekly for 10 weeks during the competitive season. The following tests were performed before and after the intervention: single-leg and double-leg countermovement jump, squat jump, horizontal jumps in different directions, maximal isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, sprint performance, agility and balance. Unilateral plyometric training resulted in greater improvements compared to the control group in the following variables: hamstrings strength (ES: 0.91, p=0.037), 5m sprint time (ES: 0.93, p=0.004), single-leg countermovement jump (ES: 0.90, p=0.006), single- and double-leg squat jump (ES: 0.87, p=0.030 and ES: 0.73, p=0.067, respectively) and single-leg hop performance (ES: 1.01, p=0.004). The only tests where there was an improvement of BPT compared with the CG were the single-leg and double leg SJ (ES: 0.76, p=0.026; ES: 0.70, p=0.050). Quadriceps strength, side hop test, double-leg horizontal jump test, flamingo balance test and modified agility T-test were equally improved in all three groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, unilateral lower-limb plyometric training is more effective in increasing muscle strength and power in preadolescent soccer players when compared to bilateral training or soccer training alone.
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Karagianni K, Donti O, Katsikas C, Bogdanis GC. Effects of Supplementary Strength-Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8080104. [PMID: 32722084 PMCID: PMC7466675 DOI: 10.3390/sports8080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.
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47
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Bertrand-Charette M, Dambreville C, Bouyer LJ, Roy JS. Systematic review of motor control and somatosensation assessment tests for the ankle. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000685. [PMID: 32655878 PMCID: PMC7342858 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Ankle sprains are frequent musculoskeletal injuries that can lead to sensorimotor deficits provoking long-term instability at the ankle joint. A broad variety of clinical tests currently exist to assess sensorimotor processing, and are commonly clinically referred to as proprioceptive tests. However, there is a discrepancy in the use of the term proprioception when looking at the main outcome of these tests. As identifying specific deficits is important for motor recovery, it is critical for clinicians to select the most appropriate tests. Methods A systematic review of four databases was performed to provide an up-to-date review of the psychometric properties of available tests referred to as proprioceptive tests. Seventy-nine articles on eight ankle proprioceptive tests were included and critically appraised. Data on validity, reliability and responsiveness were extracted from the included articles and synthesised. The tests reviewed were then divided into two categories based on their main outcome: motor control or somatosensation. Results Strong evidence showed that the Star Excursion Balance Test, a motor control test, is capable of differentiating between stable and unstable ankles. Moderate evidence suggests that somatosensation tests, such as Joint Position Sense, are also valid and reliable, but their responsiveness has yet to be evaluated. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that the Star Excursion Balance Test can be used in the clinic to assess motor control based on its excellent psychometric properties. However, as ankle stability control involves complex sensorimotor interactions, care has to be taken regarding the use of this test as a specific tool for proprioception assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Bertrand-Charette
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charline Dambreville
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent J Bouyer
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Madsen LP, Booth RL, Volz JD, Docherty CL. Using Normative Data and Unilateral Hopping Tests to Reduce Ambiguity in Return-to-Play Decisions. J Athl Train 2020; 55:699-706. [PMID: 32511713 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0050.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT After a lower extremity injury, patients often return to sport (RTS) when the injured limb's performance on unilateral hopping tests is similar to that of the uninjured limb. However, the exact target symmetry value patients must reach before the RTS is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify variables that predict limb symmetry index (LSI) values on 6 unilateral hopping tests in healthy, physically active adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS In total, 275 healthy, physically active adults, consisting of recreational athletes (n = 198), National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (n = 56), and Army Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets (n = 21), volunteered to participate (143 men, 132 women, age = 20.16 ± 2.19 years, height = 172.66 ± 10.22 cm, weight = 72.64 ± 14.29 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Each participant completed 3 speed (6-m crossover-hop, side-hop, figure-8 hop) and 3 distance (triple-crossover-hop, lateral-hop, medial-hop) functional performance tests on both limbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Mean performance of the dominant and nondominant limbs and LSI values. Two multiple regression models were used to find variables that might help to predict a participant's LSI for each functional performance test. RESULTS The models helped to predict limb symmetry for 10 of the 12 multiple regressions. Unilateral limb performance was the best predictor of LSI values, as it was statistically significant in 11 of the 12 regression models. Sex and body mass index were significant predictor variables for the side hop and figure-8 hop, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found significant predictor variables that clinicians can use in the absence of baseline testing to determine patient-specific LSI values. Individualizing RTS decisions in this way may help to minimize subjectivity in the decision-making process and ensure a safe and timely return to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif P Madsen
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Raya L Booth
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - James D Volz
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington
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Lentz TA, Magill J, Myers H, Pietrosimone LS, Reinke EK, Messer M, Riboh JC. Development of Concise Physical Performance Test Batteries in Young Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2581-2589. [PMID: 32555020 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed 1) to define the principal components of physical function assessed by 10 common lower extremity physical performance tests and 2) to derive a reduced-item set of physical performance tests that efficiently and accurately measures raw performance and limb symmetry on each underlying component in pediatric and adolescent athletes. METHODS This study included healthy, uninjured volunteers (n = 100) between the ages 6 and 18 yr (mean age = 11.7 ± 3.6 yr; 52 females). Subjects performed the stork balance, stork balance on BOSU® Balance Trainer, single leg squat (SLS), SLS on BOSU, clockwise and counterclockwise quadrant single leg hop (SLH), forward SLH, timed SLH, triple crossover SLH, and lower quarter Y-Balance Test™. Item reduction was performed using principal components analysis (PCA). We developed separate principal components analysis for average raw performance and side-to-side limb symmetry, with secondary analyses to evaluate consistency of results by age and sex. RESULTS We identified two components for average raw performance (accounting for 65.2% of the variance in total test battery) with a reduced-item set composed of five tests, and four components for limb symmetry (accounting for 62.9% of the variance in total test battery) with a reduced-item set of seven tests. The most parsimonious test suitable for screening both average raw performance and limb symmetry would consist of five tests (stork balance on BOSU, SLS on BOSU, forward SLH, timed SLH, and lower quarter Y-Balance Test™). Age- and sex-specific test batteries may be warranted. CONCLUSION Comprehensive screening for lower extremity average raw performance and limb symmetry is possible with short physical performance test batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Lentz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - John Magill
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - Heather Myers
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - Laura S Pietrosimone
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Emily K Reinke
- Duke Sports Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michael Messer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
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Criteria-Based Return to Sport Decision-Making Following Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury: a Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Sports Med 2020; 49:601-619. [PMID: 30747379 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify prospective studies that used a criteria-based return to sport (RTS) decision-making process for patients with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury. DESIGN Systematic review and narrative synthesis. DATA SOURCES The PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched to 23 November 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies were included if they prospectively applied a criteria-based RTS decision-making process for patients with LAS injury, but were excluded if they merely gathered outcome measures at the RTS time point. Studies were also excluded if patients were recovering from ankle fracture, high ankle sprain, medial ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability or complex ankle injury. RESULTS No studies were identified that used a criteria-based RTS decision-making process for patients with LAS injury. We were unable to conduct a quantitative synthesis or meta-analysis, therefore we provide a narrative synthesis of relevant questionnaires, as well as clinical and functional assessments commonly used in studies retrieved in the search. CONCLUSION There are currently no published evidence-based criteria to inform RTS decisions for patients with an LAS injury. Based on our narrative synthesis, we propose a number of variables that could be used to develop a criteria-based RTS decision paradigm. Future research should aim to reach consensus on these variables and apply them to actual RTS decisions within prospective study designs. Furthermore, we suggest that complex systems theory and the RTS continuum could be used to inform the development of an RTS decision-making paradigm for athletes with LAS injury.
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