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Garofalo G, Ponte M, Busetta G, Barbera M, Tinebra I, Piazzese D, Franciosi E, Di Grigoli A, Farina V, Bonanno A, Gaglio R, Settanni L. Microbial dynamics and quality characteristics of spontaneously fermented salamis produced by replacing pork fat with avocado pulp. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104536. [PMID: 38839216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel and healthier fermented meat product by replacing pork fat with avocado pulp (AVP) during salami production. Experimental salamis were produced under laboratory conditions by substituting pork fat with AVP partially (10-AVP) and totally (20-AVP), while control salamis (CTR) remained AVP-free. The microbial composition of control and experimental salamis was assessed using a combined culture-dependent and -independent approach. Over a 20-days ripening period, lactic acid bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and yeasts dominated the microbial community, with approximate levels of 9.0, 7.0 and 6.0 log CFU/g, respectively. Illumina technology identified 26 taxonomic groups, with leuconostocs being the predominant group across all trials [constituting 31.26-59.12 % of relative abundance (RA)]. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed changes in fatty acid composition and volatile organic compounds due to the substitution of pork fat with AVP. Specifically, monounsaturated fatty acids and terpene compounds increased, while saturated fatty acids and lipid oxidation products decreased. Although AVP influenced the sensory characteristics of the salamis, the highest overall satisfaction ratings were observed for the 10-AVP salamis. Consequently, substituting pork fat with AVP emerges as a viable strategy for producing healthier salamis and diversifying the meat product portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Garofalo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Ponte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Busetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcella Barbera
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Ilenia Tinebra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Elena Franciosi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Grigoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy; University Center for Sustainability and Ecological Transition, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Bonanno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raimondo Gaglio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luca Settanni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Cattaneo L, Lopreiato V, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Dahl GE, Trevisi E, Minuti A. Impact of nutrient restriction at dry-off on performance and metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5090-5103. [PMID: 38278295 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to improvements in genetics, nutrition, and management, modern dairy cows can still produce large amounts of milk at the end of lactation, with possible negative effects on health and welfare, particularly when milking is stopped abruptly. To limit yield at dry-off, strategies involving different types of dietary restriction have been used worldwide. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of a reduced nutrient density at dry-off on milk production, metabolism, the pattern of rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile around dry-off and in the ensuing periparturient period. During the last week before dry-off, 26 Holstein cows were enrolled in pairs according to the expected calving date and either fed ad libitum ryegrass hay (nutrient restricted, NR; 13 cows) or continued to receive lactation diet (control group, CTR; 13 cows). After dry-off, both groups received only grass hay for 7 d, and free access to water was always provided. Blood, milk, and rumen fluid samples were collected from 7 d before dry-off to 28 DIM. Milk production, DMI (during the periparturient period), and rumination times were recorded daily. At dry-off, NR cows had decreased milk yield (-62%) and milk lactose compared with CTR but had higher fat and protein contents. In the subsequent lactation, no significant differences were observed in milk yield and composition. The BCS did not differ between groups during the transition period, but it decreased in NR after dry-off. Before dry-off, NR had decreased glucose, urea, and insulin, but higher creatinine, BHB, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). The day after dry-off, NEFA were lower in NR, but they were higher 7 d after calving. At dry-off, NR had higher rumen pH, lower lactate, urea, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Considering volatile fatty acid molar proportions, NR had increased acetate but decreased propionate and butyrate at dry-off. Rumination time dropped 6 d before dry-off in NR and after dry-off in CTR, but no differences were observed in the periparturient period. Milk fatty acid profile revealed a remarkably lower proportion of short-chain fatty acids in NR at dry-off and a higher proportion of medium- and long-chain ones. These results confirmed that decreasing nutrient density reduce milk yield before dry-off. However, metabolism around dry-off was significantly affected, as suggested by plasma, rumen fluid, and milk analyses. Further research is required to investigate the impact of the metabolic effects on the inflammatory response, liver function, and immune system, particularly concerning the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - F Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - G E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CREI), 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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Thanabalan A, Dreger R, Kiarie EG. Significance of successive feeding of sources of n-3 fatty acids to broiler breeders and their progeny on growth performance, intestinal lesion scores, lymphoid organs weight and plasma immunoglobulin A in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103796. [PMID: 38776857 PMCID: PMC11141267 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examined the effects of successive feeding of sources of n-3 PUFA to broiler breeders (BB) and their progeny in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria. The BB were fed: 1) control (CON), corn-soybean meal diet, 2) CON + 1 % microalgae (DMA), as a source of DHA and 3) CON + 2.50% co-extruded full fat flaxseed (FFF), as a source of ALA. Eggs were hatched at 34, 44, and 54 wk of age. Posthatch treatments (BB-progeny) were: CON-CON, DMA-CON, FFF-CON, DMA-DMA and FFF-FFF with diets formulated for starter (d 1-10) and grower/finisher (d 11-42) phases. All chicks were orally challenged with Eimeria (E. acervulina and E. maxima) on d 10. Relative to CON, DMA and FFF increased concentration of n-3 PUFA by ≥ 2-fold in hatching eggs and progeny diets. There were no (P > 0.05) interactions between treatment and BB age on d 0 to 10 growth. In general, BB age affected (P < 0.05) growth performance throughout the study. In the starter phase, successive exposure to DHA and ALA improved FCR over CON-CON (P < 0.01). The interaction between treatment and BB age in grower/finisher was such that DHA exposure to younger BB resulted in poor growth performance (P < 0.05) relative to exposure to older BB. In contrast, exposure to ALA had similar (P > 0.05) growth performance irrespective of BB age. Moreover, successive exposure to ALA resulted in higher BWG, breast weight and lower FCR compared to successive exposure to DHA (P < 0.05). There were no (P > 0.05) interactions between treatment and BB age on the intestinal lesion scores, lymphoid organ weights and concentration of plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA). Successive exposure to DHA resulted in higher (P = 0.006) jejunal lesion scores than CON-CON birds. The results showed that successive exposure of DHA and ALA improved FCR relative to non-exposed birds in the starter phase. However, responses in the grower/finisher phase depended on n-3 PUFA type, with birds on successive ALA exposure supporting better growth and breast yield than birds on successive DHA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Wright MM, Douglas ML, Ho CKM, Marett LC, Auldist MJ, Morris GL, Hannah MC, Giri K, Wales WJ, Russo VM. Milk production of cows grazing pasture supplemented with grain mixes containing canola meal or corn grain or both over the first 100 days of lactation. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4461-4475. [PMID: 38331182 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Grain mixes varying in proportions of wheat grain, barley grain, canola meal, and corn grain were fed to grazing dairy cows in early lactation to determine the contribution of canola meal and corn grain to milk yield, BW, BCS, eating behavior, and blood serum metabolite concentrations. The experiment used 80 multiparous, seasonally calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during the first 100 d of lactation, the treatment period, and over the subsequent carryover period of 100 d, during which all cows were fed a common diet. Cows were divided into 4 cohorts (blocks) based on calving date and within each cohort, 5 cows were randomly allocated to each of the 4 treatments. Dietary treatments included disc-milled grain mixes comprising (on a DM basis) (1) a control treatment of wheat (25%) and barley (75%); (2) wheat (25%), barley (50%), and canola meal (25%); (3) wheat (25%), barley (50%), and corn (25%), and (4) wheat (25%), barley (25%), canola meal (25%), and corn (25%). Treatment diets were introduced at 19 DIM ± 4.7 d, which included a 7-d adaptation period and were applied up until 100 DIM. Each grain mix was fed at 9 kg of DM/cow per day, offered twice daily, in equal proportions in the parlor at milking times. In addition to the grain mix, all cows grazed perennial ryegrass pasture at a daily allowance of ∼35 kg of DM/cow per day (measured to ground level). Results were analyzed in terms of corn and canola presence or absence in the diet. Including canola meal in grain mixes increased grain intake and pasture intake by 0.6 and 2.1 kg of DM/cow per day, respectively, resulting in an increased milk yield of 2.6 kg/cow per day during the first 100 d of lactation. Including canola meal also increased yields of milk fat and protein, and concentrations of milk fat, as well as increasing mean BW and BCS over the 100 d. The inclusion of canola meal in the grain mixes also resulted in greater blood serum BHB and urea concentrations, compared with feeding grain mixes that did not contain canola meal. The inclusion of corn grain provided no milk production benefits and did not change BW, BCS, or any feeding behavior variables. There were no carryover effects on milk production from either canola meal or corn grain after the treatment period. In summary, the results demonstrate that the provision of canola meal in grain mixes can improve milk production and increase mean BCS. Further, there are no benefits to milk yield when a proportion of barley is substituted for corn, in a wheat and barley grain mix fed to grazing dairy cows in early lactation. However, these results are dependent on the level of inclusion and the feeding system employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Wright
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia.
| | - M L Douglas
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - C K M Ho
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - L C Marett
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Innovation, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M J Auldist
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Innovation, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G L Morris
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - M C Hannah
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - K Giri
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - W J Wales
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Innovation, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V M Russo
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Innovation, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Purushothaman K, Ho Jia Wen R, bin Mohamed MH, Rwei Qing SDT, Heng Wuan L, Liang B, Thanh Vu N, Voigtmann M, McLean Press C, Loo G, Bisa S, Domingos JA, Jerry DR, Vij S. Comparative Nutritional and Histological Analysis of Malabar Red Snapper ( Lutjanus malabaricus) and Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1803. [PMID: 38929422 PMCID: PMC11200453 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive morpho-histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the Malabar red snapper. A comparison of its GIT morphology with that of the Asian seabass reveals similarities and differences between the two species. Additionally, the moisture content, crude protein, and ash in the fillets of Malabar red snapper and Asian seabass were slightly different, with Malabar red snapper exhibiting higher levels of essential fatty acids. Furthermore, higher levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio, were observed in Malabar red snapper compared to Asian seabass. The Malabar red snapper's esophagus featured protective mechanisms such as simple columnar epithelial cells, mucous-secreting glands, and goblet cells that were predominantly stained for acid and neutral mucosubstances. Furthermore, its stomach, with mucus cells that were weakly stained for acid mucosubstances, exhibited distinct regions with varying glandular densities, with the pyloric region featuring few glands. The pyloric caeca of the fish were composed of five finger-like structures and few goblet cells. Several goblet cells gradually increased from the anterior to the posterior region of the intestine. These findings provide useful insights for the aquaculture sector, focusing on Malabar red snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Rachel Ho Jia Wen
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Muhammad Hazim bin Mohamed
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraphina Dianne Tneo Rwei Qing
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Lee Heng Wuan
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Bing Liang
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Marine Aquaculture Centre, Singapore Food Agency, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, JEM Office Tower, #14-01, Singapore 608550, Singapore
| | - Nguyen Thanh Vu
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Michael Voigtmann
- Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) Pte Ltd., Singapore 308931, Singapore;
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Grace Loo
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraswathy Bisa
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Jose A. Domingos
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Dean R. Jerry
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Shubha Vij
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
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de Lima LF, Goulart S, Martha GG, Lopes S, Antonelli M, Goldberg DW, Sandri S, Piccinin INL, Kolesnikovas CKM, Maraschin M. Detection of phthalate esters and targeted metabolome analysis in Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) blubber in the coast of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116598. [PMID: 38885576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The concerning of plastic pollution in different ecosystems has been worsened by the widespread presence. Phthalate esters (PAEs), plasticizers found in everyday products, can migrate into the environment, especially into the oceans. Researches on their effects on cetaceans are still rare. Metabolomics helps assess perturbations induced by exposure to PAEs, which act as persistent endocrine disruptors. Four PAEs (dimethyl phthalate - DMP, diethyl phthalate - DEP, dibutyl phthalate - DBP, and di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate - DEHP) were analyzed, along with cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of P. blainvillei's blubber samples collected in southern Brazil. The study reveals pervasive contamination by PAEs - especially DEHP, present in all samples - with positive correlations between DEP content and animal size and weight, as well as between the DEHP amount and the C17:1 fatty acid. These findings will be relevant to conservation efforts aimed at this threatened species and overall marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fazardo de Lima
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Suelen Goulart
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Giulia Galani Martha
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Susane Lopes
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Isadora Nicole Lara Piccinin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Whittle RH, Kiarie EG, Ma DWL, Widowski TM. Feeding flaxseed to chicken hens changes the size and fatty acid composition of their chicks' brains. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1400611. [PMID: 38911324 PMCID: PMC11190958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets fed to commercial chicken breeders are high in n-6 fatty acids (n-6 FAs) and low in n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs). N-3 FAs are essential for embryonic brain development. In precocial birds, like chickens, brain development and brain n-3 FA accrual occur primarily before hatching. In two experiments, broiler and layer breeders were fed diets with or without flaxseed as the source of n-3 FAs from plant-based alpha-linolenic acid. Day-old broiler (n = 80) and layer (n = 96) offspring were dissected to calculate the percentage brain-to-body weight. Brain FA analyses from total lipid extracts were determined in the broiler (n = 24) and layer (n = 24) offspring brains, and the percentage FA composition and concentration (µg FAs per g brain) were calculated for each n-3 and n-6 FA. The brain size was only increased in broiler offspring from mothers fed flaxseed (χ2 = 9.22, p = 0.002). In layer offspring only, the maternal flaxseed diet increased the brain concentration and percentage of n-3 FAs and decreased n-6 FAs (p < 0.05). We showed that feeding flaxseed to mothers increased the brain size in broiler offspring and altered brain FA composition in layer offspring. These results may have implications for poultry and other captive bird species fed diets low in n-3 FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary H. Whittle
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G. Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tina M. Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Ferro PHS, Ribeiro GC, Borba LE, Batista RO, da Rosa Farias D, Fracalossi DM, Schwegler E, Owatari MS, Schleder DD. Effects of dietary supplementation with inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, haemato-biochemical parameters, liver fatty acids profile and intestinal microbiome of Nile tilapia. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10425-w. [PMID: 38801494 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three treatments, in quintuplicate, were established: a control group, fish fed a diet without additives; LP group, fish fed a diet supplemented with live probiotic; and IP group, fish fed a diet supplemented with inactivated probiotic. Final weights (49.40 ± 3.15 g) and weight gains (38.20 ± 3.23 g) were increased in tilapia in the IP group. Feed conversion (1.32 ± 0.04) decreased significantly in the IP group. Haemato-biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by dietary supplementation. Erythrocyte count (262.74 ± 69.28 × 106 μL-1) was significantly low, while albumin (1.79 ± 1.12 g dL-1) and cholesterol (254.14 ± 98.49 mg dL-1) were high in the control group. Dietary supplementation modified the tilapia microbiome. Rhodobacter was abundant in fish intestines from the control and IP groups. Phreatobacter was abundant in the IP and LP groups, while Aurantimicrobium and Bosea were abundant in the LP group. Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was significantly increased in the LP (3.25 ± 0.49%) and IP (3.02 ± 0.30%) groups. Hexadecatrienoic acid (C16:3n4) was significantly increased (0.04 ± 0.01%) in the IP group, while Cis 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3) (0.31 ± 0.03%) and adrenic acid (C22:4n6) (0.11 ± 0.02%) were significantly decreased in the LP group. Additionally, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were significantly increased (4.83 ± 0.35%) in the LP group compared to that in the control group. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of inactivated L. plantarum for use in commercial feed, leading to the conclusion that both inactivated and live L. plantarum can improve the Nile tilapia metabolism, altering haematological and biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Sousa Ferro
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Geany Caroline Ribeiro
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Borba
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rosana Oliveira Batista
- Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA/UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel da Rosa Farias
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Debora Machado Fracalossi
- Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA/UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Schwegler
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA/UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Delano Dias Schleder
- Federal Institute Catarinense - Campus Araquari, BR 280 Km 27. Caixa Postal 21, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Lalhriatpuii M, Chatterjee A, Das AK, Satapathy D, Dutta TK, Patra AK. Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic and Organic Chromium on Body Conformation, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Composition in Muscle and Internal Organs of Black Bengal Goats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2062-2074. [PMID: 37592074 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary inorganic and organic chromium (Cr) on body morphometry, carcass traits, and nutrient composition, including different minerals and fatty acids in meat and internal organs of Black Bengal goats, was studied. Thirty weaned Black Bengal kids of 3-5 months (5.40 ± 0.34 kg body weight) were assigned randomly into five groups and fed additional Cr for 150 days. The experimental diets comprised a basal diet supplemented with Cr at the rate of 0 (control; without Cr supplementation), 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of inorganic Cr (Cr(III)-chloride), and 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of organic Cr (Cr-yeast). The body morphometry such as body length, heart girth, paunch girth, loin width, leg circumference, and the carcass traits, namely, slaughter body weight, dressing percentage, hind quarter and forequarter weight, and rib eye area of goats, were not significantly (P < 0.05) changed due to inorganic and organic Cr supplementation. However, organic Cr supplementation (1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) resulted in a reduction of breast and back fat thickness (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The weights of internal organs including liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, testes, and heart and their weights as a percentage of slaughter weight were similar (P > 0.05) among different experimental groups. Dry matter, ether extract, and total ash concentrations of muscle and internal organs of Cr-supplemented groups were not affected (P > 0.05) by Cr supplementation. However, crude protein contents in the liver, muscle, kidney, and lungs were greater (P < 0.05) in the organic Cr groups than in the control and inorganic Cr groups. In meat (longissimus dorsi muscle), total saturated fatty acid concentration was lower (P < 0.05; 59.4% versus 55.7%) and the unsaturated fatty acid concentration was greater (P < 0.05; 40.6% versus 44.3%) including palmitoleic acid, heptadecenoic acid, elaidic acid, and arachidonic acid in the organic or inorganic Cr-supplemented groups than in the basal diet group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of organic Cr in Black Bengal goats has no influence on the carcass traits, but may improve the meat quality with greater protein content, lean, and healthier fatty acids for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Lalhriatpuii
- National Dairy Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- National Dairy Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun Kumar Das
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Satapathy
- National Dairy Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Dutta
- National Dairy Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA.
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10
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Maniaci G, Ponte M, Giosuè C, Gannuscio R, Pipi M, Gaglio R, Busetta G, Di Grigoli A, Bonanno A, Alabiso M. Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) as a source of bioactive compounds in dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1887-1902. [PMID: 37944810 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in improving livestock product nutraceutical profiles through sustainable feeding systems has increased. In this context, the overall quality and nutraceutical profiles were examined in dairy products obtained from 16 lactating Cinisara cows given an integrated feed in dry season with Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. Two homogeneous groups of cows (milk yield: 6.3 ± 1.5 kg; body weight: 213 ± 55 kg) were fed with 2 different diets (CON: pasture and wheat bran; OFI: pasture, wheat bran, and cladodes), according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design. The bulk milk produced during the study was used to make Caciotta cheese and was analyzed at 0, 15, and 30 storage days. Milk and cheese samples were analyzed for chemical, physical, and microbiological traits. The nutraceutical and sensorial profiles, as well as the antioxidant capacity, were also determined in the final products. For milk, the urea content in individual samples was reduced in OFI but not in CON. In the cheese, integration of cladodes did not influence the starter cultures development with 2 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, but it caused a higher content of polyphenols and a consequent greater antioxidant capacity and a change in the fatty acids profile. In particular, the caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic fatty acids were higher, as were the petroselinic, vaccenic, rumenic, and α-linolenic fatty acids. In contrast, the oleic and the γ-linolenic fatty acids were lower for OFI. The cheese from the OFI group showed better overall acceptability, and a higher yellow color, odor intensity, and butter flavor. The multivariate analysis well distinguished the cheeses belonging to the 2 groups. Further investigations should be conducted to formulate well-balanced diets that include cladodes for Cinisara lactating cows, but also to determine the content of other important bioactive compounds in fresh and treated cladodes, as well as their effects on animal welfare and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maniaci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ponte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - C Giosuè
- Institute for Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Council of Research (IAS-CNR), 90149 Palermo, Italy.
| | - R Gannuscio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Pipi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Gaglio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Busetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Di Grigoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bonanno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Alabiso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Albenzio M, Santillo A, d'Angelo F, di Corcia M, Ciliberti MG, Marino R, Caroprese M, Della Malva A, Sevi A. Milk quality of Italian Mediterranean Buffalo as affected by Temperature-Humidity Index during late spring and summer. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00636-2. [PMID: 38554825 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Eighteen Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows were subjected to fortnightly milk sampling from May to July 2022. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored throughout the trial; temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated and ranged from 69 to 79 so that 3 classes were set to study the effect of different THI on milk quality: THI less than 72 - THI < 72; THI ranging from 72 to 76 THI72-76, and THI over 76 - THI > 76. Individual milk samples from buffalo cows were analyzed for milk composition and coagulation traits, fatty acid and amino-acid composition, enzymatic and mineral profile. The THI > 76 class registered the highest lactose content and poorer milk clot characteristics in comparison with THI < 72. Exposure to THI over 76 resulted in increased contents of saturated and short- chain fatty acids in milk as well as in the highest values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes and the lowest essential amino-acid content. Moreover, the lowest value of Calcium, Copper and Selenium contents were found in the milk of buffalo cows exposed to THI over 72. Results confirm that Italian Mediterranean buffalo expresses a good level of thermo-tolerance, even though exposure to daily THI over 76 has a deleterious effect on some nutritional and technological properties of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - A Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy.
| | - F d'Angelo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - M di Corcia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - M G Ciliberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - R Marino
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - A Della Malva
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE). University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71121 Foggia. Italy
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12
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Hoyos BE, Johnson JB, Mani JS, Batley RJ, Trotter T, Bhattarai SP, Naiker M. The Effect of Water Stress on Bioactive Compounds in Australian-Grown Black Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38592794 PMCID: PMC10974145 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68-2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7-65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E. Hoyos
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Joel B. Johnson
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Janice S. Mani
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Ryan J. Batley
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Tieneke Trotter
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Surya P. Bhattarai
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
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13
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Belal SA, Jung JH. The results of meat quality traits and sensory characteristics according to the concentration of androstenone in uncastrated pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:387-397. [PMID: 38628681 PMCID: PMC11016739 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pork quality is determined by several attributes, among which odor and taste are the utmost significant. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effects of boar odor hormone concentration on the quality traits and sensory acceptability of pork. A total twenty-six (26) non-castrated 3-way crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs were selected with an average body weight (ABW) 115.6 kg before to slaughter. The three treatment groups (low, medium and high) were divided according to the androstenone concentration. In experiment 1, for meat quality traits carcass was selected based on androstenone concentration: low (LC, 0.64-0.69 μg/g, n = 9), medium (MC, 0.70-0.99 μg/g, n = 7) and high (HC, 1.00-1.69 μg/g, n = 10). In experiment 2, for sensory evaluation carcasses were also selected based on the abovementioned conditions. Results revealed that androstenone concentration not effect on proximate components, meat quality traits and fatty acids except palmitoleic acid. Sensory evaluation data showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner from low to high, whereas, gravy and meat flavor preference were significantly increased in LC group than HC group. In addition, correlation analysis showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were positively, and gravy and meat flavor preference were negatively correlated with boar taint hormones. In essence, our findings indicate that androstenone concentration had no effect on meat qualities, but a high concentration of androstenone had a negative effect on the sensory characteristics in uncastrated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Poultry Science, Sylhet
Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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14
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Choi M, Lee D, Lee HJ, Nam KC, Moon SS, Jung JH, Jo C. The impact of overnight lairage on meat quality and storage stability of pork loin. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:412-424. [PMID: 38628680 PMCID: PMC11016747 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lairage, a part of the animal welfare practices, has been known to mitigate pre-slaughter stress in animals. However, research investigating the relationship between lairage and pork meat quality remains scarce. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the physicochemical quality and storage stability of pork from pigs subjected to immediate slaughter (CON) and those provided with a 24 h lairage before slaughter (LRG) over a 7-day storage period. The loins from 20 castrated pigs in each group, respectively, were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days and used for analysis of meat quality and storage stability, including pH, meat color, moisture, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity, and electrical resistance. Overall, there were no significant differences in physicochemical meat quality parameters between CON and LRG groups. Similarly, no differences were observed in the storage stability of pork including 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and electrical resistance. However, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in LRG compared to CON. In conclusion, 24 h lairage for castrated pigs had limited impact on meat quality and storage stability but led to an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sung-Sil Moon
- Sunjin Technology & Research
Institute, Icheon 17332, Korea
| | | | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and
Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
- Department of Animal Product Technology,
Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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15
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Li Z, Peng C, Wang H, Liu X. Improved muscle fatty acid composition and oxidative stability in lambs grazing on sainfoin pasture. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 23:100337. [PMID: 38328742 PMCID: PMC10847756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As a mode of animal management, grazing on pasture has the potential to improve animal performance and provide healthy meat. However, there is little information about the effects of lamb meat quality grazed on sainfoin pasture. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of growing lambs. The twenty-four lambs were randomly divided into grazing on sainfoin pasture (GS) or feeding indoors pelleted total mixed ration (FI). The results show that GS had the higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 PUFA (P = 0.002), and beneficial for nutritional index of fatty acid. Corresponding that GS had lower the Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in raw (P = 0.005) and cooked meat (P = 0.008). The GS had higher total phenols (P = 0.021), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (P = 0.048) and α-Tocopherol of meat (P = 0.004). In conclusion, grazing on sainfoin pasture in lambs can improve muscle fatty acid composition and oxidative stability than feeding indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianbai Liu
- Neiguanying Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Anding District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Dingxi, China
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16
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Liang R, Zhang W, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Li K, Luo X, Yang X. Effects of CO 2 on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of pork patties packaged under optimized O 2 levels. Meat Sci 2024; 209:109422. [PMID: 38160561 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The storage quality characteristics of fresh pork patties were investigated under 80% O2 modified atmosphere packaging (MAP80:20 = 80% O2/20% CO2) and 40% O2 MAP with various CO2 levels (MAP40:20 = 40% O2/20% CO2/40% N2; MAP40:40 = 40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2; MAP40:60 = 40% O2/60% CO2). Packaged patties were stored for 16 days at 4 °C to monitor their physicochemical (pH, instrumental color, oxidative stability, and fatty acid profile), microbial, and sensorial changes. Results suggested that decreasing O2 levels from 80% to 40% significantly inhibited the lipid oxidation of patties but led to a lower (P < 0.05) color stability. Elevating CO2 levels from 20% to 60% in combination with 40% O2 significantly suppressed bacterial growth and total volatile basic nitrogen production, and thus rendered patties with a better sensory quality and a similar meat color to 80% O2. However, increased CO2 levels promoted lipid oxidation through reducing the antioxidant capacity of patties, which was attributed to a CO2-induced reduction in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities during storage rather than a pH reduction or changes in fatty acid composition. Overall, 40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2 is a realistic alternative for pork patties to improve meat quality and extend the shelf-life to over 16 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liang
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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17
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Kyawt YY, Aung M, Xu Y, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Padmakumar V, Tan Z, Cheng Y. Dynamic changes of rumen microbiota and serum metabolome revealed increases in meat quality and growth performances of sheep fed bio-fermented rice straw. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38419130 PMCID: PMC10900626 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their feed. Our previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw (BF) improved the feed intake and weight gain of sheep. However, it remains unclear why feeding BF to sheep increased their feed intake and weight gain. Therefore, the purposes of this research were to investigate how the rumen microbiota and serum metabolome are dynamically changing after feeding BF, as well as how their changes influence the feed intake, digestibility, nutrient transport, meat quality and growth performances of sheep. Twelve growing Hu sheep were allocated into 3 groups: alfalfa hay fed group (AH: positive control), rice straw fed group (RS: negative control) and BF fed group (BF: treatment). Samples of rumen content, blood, rumen epithelium, muscle, feed offered and refusals were collected for the subsequent analysis. RESULTS Feeding BF changed the microbial community and rumen fermentation, particularly increasing (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotella and propionate production, and decreasing (P < 0.05) enteric methane yield. The histomorphology (height, width, area and thickness) of rumen papillae and gene expression for carbohydrate transport (MCT1), tight junction (claudin-1, claudin-4), and cell proliferation (CDK4, Cyclin A2, Cyclin E1) were improved (P < 0.05) in sheep fed BF. Additionally, serum metabolome was also dynamically changed, which led to up-regulating (P < 0.05) the primary bile acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in sheep fed BF. As a result, the higher (P < 0.05) feed intake, digestibility, growth rate, feed efficiency, meat quality and mono-unsaturated fatty acid concentration in muscle, and the lower (P < 0.05) feed cost per kg of live weight were achieved by feeding BF. CONCLUSIONS Feeding BF improved the growth performances and meat quality of sheep and reduced their feed cost. Therefore, bio-fermentation of rice straw could be an innovative way for improving ruminant production with minimizing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Kyawt
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Min Aung
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Yao Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | - Zhankun Tan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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18
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Kadam RV, Rani V, Padmavathy P, Shalini R, Selvi MJT, Narsale SA. Assessment of heavy metals and environmental stress conditions on the production potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in indigenous microalgae isolated from the Gulf of Mannar coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:301. [PMID: 38400851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heavy metals, viz., lead, mercury, and cadmium, on growth, chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids, and PUFA content of marine microalgae Chlorella sp. and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. At 96-h exposure, the IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.85 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.3 mg/L respectively, in Chlorella sp. In C. fusiformis, IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.5 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L respectively. The pigment contents of both microalgae were significantly affected upon heavy metal exposure. In Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, the exposed concentrations of Hg2+ averagely decreased the PUFA content by 76.34% and 78.68%, respectively. Similarly, Pb2+-exposed concentrations resulted in 54.50% and 82.64% average reductions in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Cd2+-exposed concentrations showed 32.58% and 40.54% average reduction in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Among the environmental stress conditions, the dark treatment has increased total PUFA content by 6.63% in Chlorella sp. and 3.92% in C. fusiformis. It was observed that the 50% nitrogen starvation (two-stage) significantly improved the PUFA production from 26.47 ± 6.55% to 40.92 ± 10.74% in Chlorella sp. and from 11.23 ± 5.01 to 32.8 ± 14.17% in C. fusiformis. The toxicity for both microalgae was followed in the order Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Among the two species, Chlorella sp. has shown a high tolerance to heavy metals and can be effectively utilized in PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M J Thamarai Selvi
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swapnil Ananda Narsale
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Zacharis C, Bonos E, Voidarou C(C, Magklaras G, Fotou K, Giannenas I, Giavasis I, Mitsagga C, Athanassiou C, Antonopoulou E, Grigoriadou K, Tzora A, Skoufos I. Combined Dietary Supplementation of Tenebrio molitor Larvae and Chitosan in Growing Pigs: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2024; 11:73. [PMID: 38393091 PMCID: PMC10893168 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the global animal industry faces considerable challenges in securing sufficient feed resources. Responding to consumer demands for reduced use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, better animal welfare status, and reduced impact on the environment, there is an increased urgency to develop innovative functional feeds with a reduced environmental footprint and the ability to improve meat quality and safety. In an effort to explore innovative feed ingredients for growing pig diets, the combined dietary supplementation of Tenebrio molitor larvae and chitosan was investigated. An experimental trial was performed with 48 weaned pigs (34 days of life; mixed sex) that were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (with six males and six females each): Group A (control), Group B (supplemented with T. molitor larvae at 10%), Group C (supplemented with chitosan at 0.05%), and Group D (supplemented with both ingredients at 10% and 0.05%, respectively). On the 42nd day of the experimental trial, samples of blood, feces, and carcass parts were taken for analysis. The results indicated that the insect larvae meal significantly improved (p < 0.05) overall performance, increased (p < 0.05) blood red blood cell content, increased meat phenolic content (p < 0.05), improved meat oxidative stability (p < 0.05), and affected meat fatty acid profile (p < 0.05). On the other hand, chitosan had no significant effect on overall performance (p > 0.05), but it significantly increased blood lymphocyte content (p < 0.05), affected the fecal microbiota (p < 0.05), improved meat oxidative stability (p < 0.05), increased meat phenolic content (p < 0.05), and affected meat fatty acid composition (p < 0.05) and (p < 0.05) meat color. Finally, the combined use of both T. molitor and chitosan significantly affected some important zootechnical parameters (p < 0.05), fecal microbial populations (p < 0.05), meat color (p < 0.05), and fatty acid profile (p < 0.05). Further investigation into the potential interaction between insect larvae meals and chitosan in pig diets is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Zacharis
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Georgios Magklaras
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (I.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (I.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece;
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization (ELGO)-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.Z.); (E.B.); (C.V.); (G.M.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (I.S.)
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20
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Nguyen MC, Fotedar R, Pham HD. Effects of dietary hydrolysate supplementation on growth, body composition, hematological responses, and liver histology of juvenile giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis Forsskal, 1775). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:216-226. [PMID: 37800368 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A feeding study was conducted to investigate how fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) supplementation affected the growth, feed utilization, body composition, and hematology of juvenile giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis Forsskal, 1775). Seven isonitrogenous (52% protein) and isocaloric diets (10% lipid) were formulated, wherein shrimp hydrolysate (SH) and tuna hydrolysate (TH) were used to replace fishmeal at inclusion levels of 0 (control), 30, 60, and 90 g/kg and labeled as control, SH30, SH60, SH90, TH30, TH60, and TH90, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile giant trevally for 8 weeks. The results showed higher final body weight and specific growth rate in fish fed SH30, SH60, TH30, and TH60 than fed control diet. No difference was observed in feed intake, but reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found in fish fed SH30, SH60, TH30, and TH60, demonstrating these diets improved feed utilization. TH90 caused deposition of lipid droplet in the hepatocyte, a sign of liver damage. Total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and highly unsaturated fatty acids in fish were not affected by FPH supplementation. Fish fed TH30 showed lower ∑n - 3 PUFA than the fish fed remaining dietary treatments. The elevated serum protein was seen in fish fed control, SH30, SH60, and TH30, demonstrating that these diets were beneficial for the innate immune response in giant trevally. The results indicate that TH and SH could be incorporated into diets of giant trevally at 30-60 g/kg, replacing 7%-13% fishmeal with enhanced growth and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Chau Nguyen
- School of Science and Engineer, Curtin University Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.3, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Benley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hung Duc Pham
- Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
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21
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Luan J, Feng X, Yang D, Yang M, Jin Y, Zhang M, Geng C. Dietary supplementation of active dry yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to finishing bulls: effects on growth performance, blood hormones, fatty acid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract and trace mineral elements utilisation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yinghai Jin
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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22
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Corlett MT, Pannier L, Gardner GE, Garmyn AJ, Miller MF, Pethick DW. Eating Quality of Australian Grass and Grain-Fed Lamb Equally Rated by US Consumers. Foods 2023; 13:26. [PMID: 38201052 PMCID: PMC10778529 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anecdotal suggestions that US consumers perceive Australian sheepmeat as more "gamey" or "stale" compared to US sheepmeat are potentially attributable to the extended chilled shipping times contributing to longer-aged meat and predominately pasture-fed grazing systems. This study evaluated the impact of diet and extended storage times on Australian sheepmeat using sensory scores as assessed by US consumers. Meat samples from Australian sheep (n = 80) fed a grass or grain diet were aged in a vacuum at 1-2 °C for 5, 21 or 45 days. Untrained consumers (n = 960) at Texas Tech University (Lubbock, Texas) assessed samples for overall liking, tenderness, juiciness and flavour using a scale from 1 (worst) to 100 (best). In general, US consumers scored grain- and grass-fed samples within the same storage period similarly (p > 0.05). Furthermore, storage from 5 to 21 days improved sensory scores by a maximum of 28.6 for tenderness for grass-fed outside cuts (p < 0.05), while storage for 21 to 45 days did not improve eating quality for most cuts of both diets (p > 0.05). This is an interesting finding for the Australian sheepmeat industry as long storage time has no negative effect on eating quality and US consumers enjoyed grass- and grain-fed sheepmeat equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison T. Corlett
- Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (L.P.); (G.E.G.); (D.W.P.)
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Liselotte Pannier
- Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (L.P.); (G.E.G.); (D.W.P.)
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Graham E. Gardner
- Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (L.P.); (G.E.G.); (D.W.P.)
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Garmyn
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1046, USA;
| | - Mark F. Miller
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - David W. Pethick
- Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (L.P.); (G.E.G.); (D.W.P.)
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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23
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Sheoran S, Dey A, Sindhu S. Reduction of methane and nitrogen emission and improvement of feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, and milk production through strategic supplementation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal in the diet of lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125510-125525. [PMID: 37999845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Buffalo plays a compelling role in reducing malnutrition and ensuring food to the people of Asian countries by its major contribution to milk and meat pool of the livestock agriculture farming system in the region. As Asia is the home for more than 90% of world buffalo population, they are also one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gasses. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) leaves are rich sources of naturally occurring essential oils and phenolic compounds, which could modulate rumen fermentation through mitigation of methanogenesis and nitrogen excretion along with stimulation of immune system and production performances of animals. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of dietary inclusion of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal (ELM) on voluntary feed intake, rumen functions, methane emission, nutrient utilization, milk yield and fatty acids profile, and immune response in lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). An in vitro experiment conducted with graded dose (10-40 g/kg) inclusion of ELM into the total mixed ration to select ideal level for feeding to lactating buffaloes, an improvement (P < 0.05) in feed degradability (IVDMD), microbial biomass and ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration with reduced (P < 0.05) methane and ammonia-N production were evidenced when ELM was added at 10-20 g/kg DM, beyond which negative effects on rumen fermentation were pronounced. An in vivo experimentation was conducted with sixteen Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes of mean live weight, 544.23 ± 10.02 kg; parity, 2-4 at initial stage (~60 days) of lactation with average milk yield of 11.43 ± 1.32 kg and were divided into two groups (CON, ELM) of eight each in a completely randomized design. All the animals were kept individually on wheat straw-based diet with required quantity of concentrate mixture and green fodder. The control group buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration; however, the treatment group (ELM) was supplemented with 10 g/kg DM diet of dry grounded eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaves by mixing with the concentrate mixture. The feeding experiment was conducted for 120 days, including 15 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 105 days for data recording. The nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, CP, and EE) was improved (P < 0.05) without affecting feed intake (P > 0.05) and fiber digestibility (NDF and ADF) in ELM supplemented buffaloes. Increased (P < 0.05) milk production and rumenic acid concentration (cis 9 trans 11 C18:2 CLA) were demonstrated with comparable (P > 0.05) milk composition and major fatty acids profile of milk in the supplemented buffaloes. Dietary inclusion of ELM reduced (P < 0.05) enteric methane production and fecal excretion of nitrogen. The health status of buffaloes fed ELM improved throughout the experimental period was improved by enhancing cell mediated (P = 0.09) and humoral (P < 0.01) immune responses without affecting (P > 0.05) major blood metabolites. The study described feeding ELM at 10 g/kg diet to lactating Murrah buffaloes as a natural source of phenols and essential oils to increase milk production and CLA content, reduce methane and nitrogen emissions, and improve health status. Thus, feeding of ELM could be beneficial for climate smart buffalo production system for enhancing milk production with lesser impact on environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sheoran
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Avijit Dey
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Sonia Sindhu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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24
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Banakar PS, Kumar S, Varada VV, Dixit S, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract modulates rumen microbes and improves the functional food value of milk by altering phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile in lactating goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3027-3038. [PMID: 36200859 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four cross-breed (Alpine × Beetal) lactating goats (average body weight: 37.5 ± 2.7 kg and milk yield: 1.78 ± 0.31 kg/day) were chosen for the ninety days duration of the experiment and divided into three groups following a completely randomized design. Group I acted as control (T0) and received only a basal diet as per requirement, whereas group II (T1) and group III (T2) received basal diet added with Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and milk antioxidant status were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Relative abundance of methanogen, protozoa, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen were lower, while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 and T1 compared to T0. Saturated fatty acids levels in milk were lower, whereas different polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Nutritional indices of milk increased in both supplemented groups. Overall, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of DMI may enhance the functional characteristics of milk by boosting TPC and antioxidant status, as well as the FA profile and nutritional quality indices of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Wang Y, Luo CB, Li YQ. Biofuneling lignin-derived compounds into lipids using a newly isolated Citricoccus sp. P2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129669. [PMID: 37573985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) bioconversion into lipids is a promising yet challenging task. This study focuses on the isolation of the ligninolytic bacterium Citricoccus sp. P2 and investigates its mechanism for producing lipids from LDCs. Although strain P2 exhibits a relatively low lignin degradation rate of 44.63%, it efficiently degrades various concentrations of LDCs. The highest degradation rate is observed when incubated with 0.6 g/L vanillic acid, 0.6 g/L syringic acid, 0.8 g/L p-coumaric acid, and 0.4 g/L phenol, resulting in respective lipid yields of 0.16 g/L, 0.13 g/L, 0.24 g/L, and 0.13 g/L. The genome of strain P2 provides insights into LDCs bioconversion into lipids and stress tolerance. Moreover, Citricoccus sp. P2 has been successfully developed a non-sterilized lipid production using its native alkali-halophilic characteristics, which significantly enhances the lipid yield. This study presents a promising platform for lipids production from LDCs and has potential to promote valorization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Chao-Bing Luo
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yuan-Qiu Li
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China.
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26
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Gharagozloo A, Kheiri F, Nasr J, Faghani M. Effect of pomegranate seed oil on egg production, egg quality and yolk fatty acid deposition in laying hen. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2755-2762. [PMID: 37846975 PMCID: PMC10650374 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) contains punicic acid as well as conjugated linolenic acid isomers, including α-eleostearic and catalpic acids, along with phytosterols, especially β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, with lipotropic impact and egg fortifying effect in laying hens. OBJECTIVES The present experiment was designed to examine the effects of PSO on egg production, egg quality, blood lipids and yolk fatty acid deposition in laying hens. METHODS A total of 360 Hy-line laying hens (w-80), at 25 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design during a 10-week period. Experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet or supplementation of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g PSO/kg to basal diet. Performance indicators and fatty acid composition of egg yolk were evaluated during different experimental periods. Blood lipid attributes were evaluated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of 4 g PSO/kg feed increased daily feed intake and egg production rate of laying hens (p < 0.05). There was not any significant influence of experimental treatments on egg quality, whereas an increasing trend observed in egg yolk colour of hens received dietary graded levels of PSO. Dietary supplemental 4 g/kg PSO increased the proportion of yolk poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the PUFA to saturated fatty acid ratio increased after dietary supplementation of 1 or 4 g/kg PSO (p < 0.05). Serum concentration of cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein decreased in response to the supplementation of more than 3 g PSO/kg in the feed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 4 g/kg PSO improved production rate and decreased blood lipids in laying hens. Moreover, dietary supplemental PSO modified yolk fatty acid deposition without detrimental effects on the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharagozloo
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Farshid Kheiri
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Javad Nasr
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureSaveh BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySavehIran
| | - Mostafa Faghani
- Department of Animal ScienceShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Dayani O, Khatibi A, Tajaddini MA. Sustainable utilization of unsaleable walnut kernel in substitution for corn grain in the diet of fattening lambs improves growth performance and meat quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:378. [PMID: 37878071 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As a cost-effective typical co-product of walnut processing; this study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding poor quality, unsaleable walnut kernel, also known as wasted walnut (WW) kernel, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition of fattening lambs. The experiment was conducted using 24 fattening lambs (27 ±1.07 kg initial BW) assigned to two total mixed concentrate-based diets, over a 80-day experimental period on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: 1) WW (10% WW), and 2) CON (without WW). Average daily and total gain, and final weight increased with WW inclusion (P < 0.05). Also, a significant enhancement in feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) and carcass cooler shrink loss (P = 0.03) were observed by feeding WW. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not influenced by feeding WW as did carcass prime cuts, meat, bone and fat-tail; however, the backfat thickness was increased (P = 0.01). WW inclusion reduced cholesterol and increased protein load in muscle tissue (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, this inclusion led to higher concentration of vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and C20 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA), total n3 and n6 PUFA in muscle and fat-tail (P ≤ 0.05). Due to enhanced animal performance, also chemical and FA composition of muscle and adipose tissue, WW can be included in fattening lamb diets as a rich source of protein and PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dayani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tajaddini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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28
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Kandiyil SP, Illam SP, Raghavamenon AC. Normolipidic diet containing deep-fried saturated and unsaturated fatty acids rich edible oils promotes metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory microenvironment in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114029. [PMID: 37683991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious health impacts of high dietary intake of deep-fried edible oils have been reported however, their health impacts at normal dietary levels are yet to be evaluated. This study investigated the influence of prolonged consumption of thermally oxidised long-chain saturated and unsaturated edible oils on metabolic dysregulation and inflammation. The thermally oxidised oils used in the study possess higher p-anisidine values and free fatty acid contents compared to unoxidised oils. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fatty acid methyl ester analysis confirmed the presence of free fatty acids, hydroperoxides, and aldehydes, formed during thermal oxidation. The study analysed the effects of dietary intake of 5% sunflower oil, palm oil, and their thermally-oxidised forms in male Wistar rats for six months. Unoxidised and thermally oxidised palm oil-fed animals experienced metabolic syndrome with obesity-associated inflammatory changes. However, sunflower oil-fed animals exhibited increased inflammation, as evidenced by enhanced C-reactive protein, IL-6, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and hepatosteatosis condition. This study indicates that prolonged consumption of thermally oxidised oil leads to the dysregulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism andpromotes inflammatory microenvironment in Wistar rats that may contribute to metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Panniyan Kandiyil
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognised Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Soorya Parathodi Illam
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognised Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognised Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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29
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Lee J, Cheng V, Kiarie EG. Growth and response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets when fed a source of omega-3 fatty acids and yeast bioactives from hatch through to 16 wk of age. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102940. [PMID: 37562132 PMCID: PMC10432835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets when fed a source of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) and yeast bioactives (YB) from hatch through to 16 wk of age (woa) were investigated. Co-extruded full fat flaxseed and pulse mixture (FFF; 1:1 wt/wt) supplied n-3 FA and YB were yeast cell walls processed with β-1,3-glucan hydrolase. A total of 1,064-day-old pullets were placed in cages (19 birds/cage) and allocated to 7 diets (n = 8). The iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were control, control + 1, 3, or 5% FFF and + 0.025, 0.05, or 0.1% YB. The birds had ad libitum access to feed and water. Body weight (BW), feed intake, and lymphoid organs weight were recorded. At 15 woa, 2 pairs of pullets/cage received intravenous injection of either 1 mL of sterile saline without or with 8 mg LPS/kg BW. Injected pullets were bled, monitored for BW and cloaca temperature at time points within 168 h. Birds fed 1% FFF were heavier (P < 0.04) than birds fed other diets at 16 woa with FFF and YB exhibiting non-linear responses. Control birds had heavier (P = 0.02) thymus at 4 woa. Spleen weight increased quadratically (P < 0.05) in response to FFF at 8 and YB at 16 woa. The LPS increased cloaca temperature and altered concentration of several plasma metabolites (P < 0.05). The interaction (P < 0.05) between LPS and diet was such that control birds exhibited lower creatine kinase (CK) upon challenge with LPS relative to birds fed other diets. The LPS birds fed 1% FFF and 0.05% YB showed higher plasma albumin than non-LPS cohorts. Non-LPS birds fed control, 1 and 3% FFF had higher plasma K than LPS cohorts. In general, FFF and YB exhibited linear and quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on select plasma metabolites. In conclusion, dietary provision of n-3 FA and YB influenced pullet BW at sexual maturity, development of lymphoid organs and modulated some plasma metabolites in response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Lee
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Veronica Cheng
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Hans N, Gupta S, Pattnaik F, Patel AK, Naik S, Malik A. Valorization of Kappaphycus alvarezii through extraction of high-value compounds employing green approaches and assessment of the therapeutic potential of κ-carrageenan. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126230. [PMID: 37558033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes different emerging green extraction technologies to recover maximum value-added products from Kappaphycus alvarezii and evaluate their bio-functional properties. Using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method, the total lipid yield of 0.21 ± 0.2 % was obtained from the biomass. Linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were present in higher concentrations (9.12 %) in the lipid extracted with SFE as compared to hexane (5.5 %). Using an ultrasonication assisted approach, ~56 % of κ-carrageenan was recovered from SFE residual biomass, which contains 28.5 ± 1.9 % sulfate content. It exhibited a monosaccharide content of 3,6-anhydrogalactose (~24 %) and galactose (~53 %), as well as rheological properties within FAO limitations that can be explored for food-grade applications. ~58 % of the total protein (12.5 %) from SFE residual biomass was recovered using subcritical water hydrolysis method. The effectiveness of κ-carrageenan in suppressing the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 using in vitro and in silico approaches was investigated. κ-Carrageenan effectively inhibited the main protease by up to 93 % at 1.6 mg mL-1. In silico results revealed that κ-carrageenan successfully binds to the active site of the main protease while retaining the structural integrity and stability of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Hans
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shreya Gupta
- Kausma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Falguni Pattnaik
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kausma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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EL Nagar AG, Heddi I, Sosa-Madrid BS, Blasco A, Hernández P, Ibáñez-Escriche N. Genome-Wide Association Study of Maternal Genetic Effects on Intramuscular Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3071. [PMID: 37835677 PMCID: PMC10571580 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal genetic effects (MGE) could affect meat quality traits such as intramuscular fat (IMF) and its fatty acid composition. However, it has been scarcely studied, especially in rabbits. The objectives of the present study were, first, to assess the importance of MGE on intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition by applying a Bayesian maternal animal model in two rabbit lines divergently selected for IMF. The second objective was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes of MGE that are associated with the traits of these offspring, using Bayesian methods in a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Quantitative analyses were performed using data from 1982 rabbits, and 349 animals from the 9th generation and 76 dams of the 8th generation with 88,512 SNPs were used for the GWAS. The studied traits were IMF, saturated fatty acids (total SFA, C14:0; myristic acid, C16:0; palmitic acid and C18:0; stearic acid), monounsaturated fatty acids (total MUFA, C16:1n-7; palmitoleic acid and C18:1n-9; oleic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acids (total PUFA, C18:2n-6; linoleic acid, C18:3n-3; α-linolenic acid and C20:4n-6; arachidonic acid), MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the maternal genetic effect ranged from 8 to 22% for IMF, depending on the model. For fatty acid composition, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by maternal genetic effects varied from 10% (C18:0) to 46% (MUFA) in a model including both direct and additive maternal genetic effects, together with the common litter effect as a random variable. In particular, there were significant direct maternal genetic correlations for C16:0, C18:1n9, C18:2n6, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA with values ranging from -0.53 to -0.89. Relevant associated genomic regions were located on the rabbit chromosomes (OCU) OCU1, OCU5 and OCU19 containing some relevant candidates (TANC2, ACE, MAP3K3, TEX2, PRKCA, SH3GL2, CNTLN, RPGRIP1L and FTO) related to lipid metabolism, binding, and obesity. These regions explained about 1.2 to 13.9% of the total genomic variance of the traits studied. Our results showed an important maternal genetic effect on IMF and its fatty acid composition in rabbits and identified promising candidate genes associated with these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman G. EL Nagar
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Imen Heddi
- Centro Regional de Selección y Reproducción Animal (CERSYRA), Av. del Vino, 10, 13300 Valdepeñas, Spain
| | - Bolívar Samuel Sosa-Madrid
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Pilar Hernández
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.E.N.)
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32
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Nyquist NF, Burri L, Jensen RB. Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on horse red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition and blood parameters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1251-1261. [PMID: 37144326 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with marine-derived n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is linked to beneficial health effects in both humans and horses. Krill oil (KO), which is extracted from the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), is well documented as a safe and biologically available dietary supplement in humans and several animal species, but there is a lack of documentation regarding its effect as a dietary ingredient for horses. The objective of this study was to test whether KO as a dietary supplement had the ability to raise horse red blood cell (RBC) membrane EPA and DHA, expressed as the n-3 index. Five nonworking Norwegian cold-blooded trotter horse geldings (body weight [BW]: 567 ± 38 kg) were supplemented with KO (10 mL/100 kg BW) for 35 days in a longitudinal study. Blood samples were analysed for RBC membrane fatty acid (FA) profile, haematology and serum biochemistry every 7th day. KO was well accepted by all horses, and no adverse health effects were observed during the 35-day trial period. KO supplementation affected the RBC membrane FA profile by increasing the n-3 index from Day 0 to 35 (Day 0: 0.53% vs. Day 35: 4.05% of total RBC FAs). The observed increase in the sum of EPA and DHA (p < 0.001), total n-3 FAs (p < 0.001) and the reduction of n-6 FAs (p < 0.044) resulted in a lower n-6:n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) by Day 35 of KO supplementation. In conclusion, the RBC n-3 index was increased and the general n-6:n-3 ratio was decreased in horses receiving 35-day dietary KO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Frost Nyquist
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lena Burri
- Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Lysaker, Norway
| | - Rasmus Bovbjerg Jensen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Aung SH, Abeyrathne EDNS, Hossain MA, Jung DY, Kim HC, Jo C, Nam KC. Comparative Quality Traits, Flavor Compounds, and Metabolite Profile of Korean Native Black Goat Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:639-658. [PMID: 37483995 PMCID: PMC10359836 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although goat meat has several health benefits than other red meats but comsumers reluctant it due to its unpleasant flavor. This study aimed to investigate the odorant of goat meat as well as compare the quality traits of meat regarding sex status. The loin meats [non-castrated male (NCM), castrated male (CM), and female (FM)] were collected and stored at 4°C in a laboratory refrigerator and analyzed on the 1st, 5th, and 8th consecutive days. The moisture content was the lowest and the protein content was highest in FM (p<0.05). Fat and ash content in NCM and FM were similar while lowest in CM. The CIE L* was significantly higher in NCM, but there were no significant differences of CIE a* and CIE b* within groups at initial day. The color intensity increased on the 5th storage day and decreased again after the 8th storage day, except in NCM. NCM displayed the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (p<0.05), whereas CM displayed a higher pH value than other groups throughout the storage period. Indole levels were the highest in NCM (0.031 mg/kg); however, skatole levels were not significant differences across all treatments (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed in the fatty acid composition between NCM and CM (p>0.05), whereas a significant difference was observed in FM (p<0.05). Most of the water-soluble metabolites showed significant differences between sexes. Overall, sex status effects on quality properties of meat and castration can improve the overall sensory acceptance by reducing goaty flavor of Korean native black goat meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Htet Aung
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Department of Zoology, Kyaukse
University, Kyaukse 05151, Myanmar
| | - Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa
University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Md. Altaf Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Department of Applied Food Science and
Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Doo Yeon Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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34
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Eroshchenko NN, Veselov VV, Pirogov AV, Danilova EY, Kirushin AN, Paravyan AL, Cravotto G. Development and validation of a HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of fatty acids - in the form of FAME ammonium adducts - in human whole blood and erythrocytes to determine omega-3 index. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123799. [PMID: 37379757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific studies in the field of health and nutrition have unanimously affirmed the importance of consuming the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), because of their cardioprotective properties. Fatty acid profiling in erythrocyte membranes allows the omega-3 index, which is a recognized indicator of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, to be calculated. One consequence of the upward trend in healthy lifestyles and longevity is an increase in the number of studies into the omega-3 index, which requires a reliable method for the quantitative analysis of fatty acids. This article describes the development and validation of a sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of 23 fatty acids (in the form of fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) in 40 µl of whole blood and erythrocytes. The list of acids includes saturated, omega-9 unsaturated, omega-6 unsaturated and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids as well as their trans-isomers. The limit of quantitation was 250 ng ml-1 for C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0; and 62.5 ng ml-1 for other FAMEs, including EPA, DHA and trans-isomers of FAME C16:1, C18:1 and C18:2 n-6. Sample preparation for fatty acid (FA) esterification/methylation with boron trifluoride-methanol (BF3) has been optimized. Chromatographic separation has been carried out on a C8 column in gradient mode using a mixture of acetonitrile, isopropanol and water with the addition of 0.1% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium formate. As a result, the problem of separating the cis- and trans-isomers of FAME C16:1, C18:1 and C18:2 n-6 has been solved. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection of FAMEs, in the form of ammonium adducts, has been optimized for the first time, which has made the method more sensitive that when the protonated species are used. This method has been applied to 12 samples from healthy subjects that consumed omega-3 supplements and has proven to be a reliable tool for determining the omega-3 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Eroshchenko
- Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - V V Veselov
- Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Pirogov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenih Hills, d. 1, str. 3., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Y Danilova
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenih Hills, d. 1, str. 3., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Kirushin
- Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Paravyan
- Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Magklaras G, Skoufos I, Bonos E, Tsinas A, Zacharis C, Giavasis I, Petrotos K, Fotou K, Nikolaou K, Vasilopoulou K, Giannenas Ι, Tzora A. Innovative Use of Olive, Winery and Cheese Waste By-Products as Novel Ingredients in Weaned Pigs Nutrition. Vet Sci 2023; 10:397. [PMID: 37368783 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New sustainable sources of feeds, which can enhance the health and welfare of farm animals, lower feeding costs, and lead to safer products, are of high priority in modern animal production systems. In the present study, a novel silage created from Greek olive, winery, and feta cheese waste by-products, was evaluated as a feed ingredient at different inclusion rates (0%, 5% or 10%) in 34-day-old weaned pigs. The potential beneficial effects on performance, health and intestinal digesta microflora balance of the pigs were evaluated. Additionally, chemical, microbiological and quality analysis of the meat was carried out. Results showed no detrimental effects (p > 0.05) on the pigs' performance and no significant changes (p > 0.05) in meat pH, color and chemical analysis. Ileum and cecum microflora populations (total anaerobes, Lactobacillaceae) were positively affected (p ≤ 0.05) by the dietary usage of the silage. The microbial populations (Clostridium spp.) of belly meat cuts were positively modified (p ≤ 0.01). The concentration of total phenols in the meat cuts were increased (p ≤ 0.05) and their resistance to oxidation was improved (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the fatty acid profile of the meat lipids (polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids) was positively modified (p ≤ 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Magklaras
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsinas
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Christos Zacharis
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karditsa Campus, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Kostas Petrotos
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Vasilopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ιlias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
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Zacharis C, Bonos E, Giannenas I, Skoufos I, Tzora A, Voidarou CC, Tsinas A, Fotou K, Papadopoulos G, Mitsagga C, Athanassiou C, Antonopoulou E, Grigoriadou K. Utilization of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Reared with Different Substrates as Feed Ingredients in Growing Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:393. [PMID: 37368779 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The procurement of adequate feed resources is one of the most important challenges for the animal industry worldwide. While the need for feeds rich in protein is constantly increasing, their production cannot readily keep up. Consequently, to overcome this challenge in a sustainable way, it is necessary to identify and develop new feeding strategies and feed ingredients, such as insect meals. In the present study, Tenebrio molitor larvae that were reared on two different substrates (standard and enriched with medicinal aromatic plant material) were used as feed ingredients for growing pigs. A total of 36 weaned pigs (34 days old) were randomly allocated to three treatment groups and fed either the control diet (A) or diets supplemented at 10% with one of the two insect meals (B and C). At the end of the trial (42 days), blood, feces, and meat samples were collected for analysis. The insect meal supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) overall performance but significantly modified (p < 0.001) the fecal microflora balance and the blood cholesterol (p < 0.001), while the rest of the blood parameters tested were not affected. Moreover, this dietary supplementation significantly affected some microbial populations (p < 0.001), improved the total phenolic content (p < 0.05), and the fatty acid profile (p < 0.001) of the meat cuts, but did not affect (p > 0.05) meat color or proximate composition. Further research is needed to evaluate the different types and levels of inclusion of insect meals in pig nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Zacharis
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Tsinas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Siciliani D, Kortner TM, Berge GM, Hansen AK, Krogdahl Å. Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L) parr. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e61. [PMID: 37252685 PMCID: PMC10214143 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be choline-deficient unless choline is supplemented. Choline's role in lipid transport suggests that choline requirement may depend on factors such as dietary lipid level and environmental temperature. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate whether lipid level and water temperature can affect steatosis symptoms, and thereby choline requirement in Atlantic salmon. Four choline-deficient plant-based diets were formulated differing in lipid level of 16, 20, 25 and 28 % and fed to salmon of 25 g initial weight in duplicate tanks per diet at two different environmental temperatures: 8 and 15 °C. After 8 weeks of feeding, samples of blood, tissue and gut content from six fish per tank were collected, for analyses of histomorphological, biochemical and molecular biomarkers of steatosis and choline requirement. Increasing lipid level did not affect growth rate but increased relative weight and lipid content of the pyloric caeca and histological symptoms of intestinal steatosis and decreased fish yield. Elevation of the water temperature from 8 to 15 °C, increased growth rate, relative weight of the pyloric caeca, and the histological symptoms of steatosis seemed to become more severe. We conclude that dietary lipid level, as well as environmental temperature, affect choline requirement to a magnitude of importance for fish biology and health, and for fish yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Siciliani
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Baleseng L, Madibela O, Tsopito C, Mareko M, Boitumelo W, Letso M. Morula Kernel Cake ( Sclerocarya birrea) as a Protein Source in Diets of Finishing Tswana Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, Meat Quality, and Gross Margin. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081387. [PMID: 37106950 PMCID: PMC10135206 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A trial evaluated growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic returns of fattened lambs fed on diets containing different protein sources. Six castrated male Tswana lambs per treatment were used in a completely randomised design (CRD) trial and fed on complete diets containing Lucerne (CD; commercial diet), morula kernel cake (MKC), or sunflower seedcake (SC) as protein sources over a 103-day experiment. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the dry matter intake, final body weight, average daily gain, and FCR. This was attributable to all the diets providing an equal supply of nutrients to the lambs. Meat quality attributes and proximate composition values were similar (p > 0.05) across the treatments. Longissimus dorsi muscle organoleptic quality did not differ (p > 0.05) across the treatments. The gross margin analysis was significantly greater (p < 0.05) when feeding SCD than feeding CD and was intermediate for lambs fed MKCD. Morula kernel cake (Sclerocarya birrea) can be used for fattening lambs when common protein sources are either not available or expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baleseng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Othusitse Madibela
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Christopher Tsopito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Molebeledi Mareko
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wame Boitumelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moagi Letso
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
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Liang Y, Jiao D, Du X, Zhou J, Degen AA, Ran F, Sun G, Ji K, Wu X, Cheng X, Ma X, Qian C, Yang G. Effect of dietary Agriophyllum squarrosum on average daily gain, meat quality and muscle fatty acids in growing Tan lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109195. [PMID: 37119717 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The herb A. squarrosum is reputed to possess medicinal properties for humans, and has the potential to be a feed resource for livestock. We hypothesized that this herb would improve the meat quality of lambs. To test this hypothesis, 24 Tan ewe-lambs (27.7 ± 0.45 kg) were offered diets containing 0 (CON), 100 (AS100), 200 (AS200) and 300 (AS300) g A. squarrosum/kg DM, and average daily gain, carcass traits, blood metabolites, meat quality and fatty acid profiles were determined. Drip loss % and cooking loss % decreased with the AS100 and AS200 diets (P < 0.05). Dietary A. squarrosum reduced muscle fiber area and diameter and increased density of the meat (P < 0.05), which indicated that the meat was more tender. The concentrations of C10:0 and C18:1n-9 t were 1ower and of C17:0 and C18:3n-3 were greater in the AS200 and AS300 treatments than CON (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that feeding lambs up to 200 g/kg DM of A. squarrosum can increase the water-holding capacity and L* value of meat without compromising growth. Further research is needed to determine the optimal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Du
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva l8410500, Israel
| | - Fu Ran
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guancong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaixi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xindong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Dongying Yellow River Delta Biogenetic and Molecular Precision Breeding Laboratory, Dongying 257092, China; Shandong Huakun Rural Revitalization Institute Co., LTD, Dongying 250014, China.
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Milián-Sorribes MC, Peres H, Tomás-Vidal A, Moutinho S, Peñaranda DS, Jover-Cerdá M, Oliva-Teles A, Martínez-Llorens S. Hepatic, Muscle and Intestinal Oxidative Status and Plasmatic Parameters of Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso, 1810) Fed Diets with Fish Oil Replacement and Probiotic Addition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076768. [PMID: 37047740 PMCID: PMC10095327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with a mixture of vegetable oils and probiotic supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and antioxidant ability of Seriola dumerili. Specimens with an initial weight of 175 g were used. Four feeds were formulated with 0% (FO-100), 75% (FO-25), and 100% (FO-0 and FO-0+ with the addition of Lactobacillus probiotics) substitution of fish oil with a mixture of linseed, sunflower, and palm oils. After 109 days, no significant differences were observed in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, foregut, and hindgut, only glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver was higher in the fish fed the FO-100 diet than in those fed the FO-0 diet. No significant differences were observed in the total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione and the oxidative stress index in the liver. In addition, lipid peroxidation in the liver and red muscle values were higher in the fish fed the FO-100 diet than in the fish fed the FO-0+ diet, however, the foregut of the fish fed the FO-100 diet presented lower values than that of the fish fed the FO replacement diet, with and without probiotics. There were significant differences in cholesterol levels in the FO-100 group; they were significantly higher than those observed with the fish diets without fish oil. To sum up, fish oil can be replaced by up to 25% with vegetable oils in diets for Seriola dumerili juveniles, but total fish oil substitution is not feasible because it causes poor survival. The inclusion of probiotics in the FO-0+ diet had no effects on the parameters measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomás-Vidal
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Moutinho
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - David S. Peñaranda
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Jover-Cerdá
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Silvia Martínez-Llorens
- Aquaculture and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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Zhao Y, Sun C, Wang S, Zhang M, Li Y, Xue Q, Guo Q, Lai H. Widely targeted metabolomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic profiling reveal microbe-plant-metabolic reprogramming patterns mediated by Streptomyces pactum Act12 enhance the fruit quality of Capsicum annuum L. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112587. [PMID: 36914318 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, such as Streptomyces pactum Act12, promote crop growth and stress resistance, but their contribution to fruit quality is still poorly understood. Herein we conducted a field experiment to ascertain the effects of S. pactum Act12-mediated metabolic reprogramming and underlying mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit based on widely targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling. We additionally performed metagenomic analysis to elucidate the potential relationship between S. pactum Act12-mediated reshaping of rhizosphere microbial communities and pepper fruit quality. Soil inoculation with S. pactum Act12 considerably increased the accumulation of capsaicinoids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and phenolic acids in pepper fruit samples. Consequently, fruit flavor, taste, and color were modified, accompanied by elevated contents of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Increased microbial diversity and recruitment of potentially beneficial taxa were observed in inoculated soil samples, with crosstalk between microbial gene functions and pepper fruit metabolism. The reformed structure and function of rhizosphere microbial communities were closely associated with pepper fruit quality. Our findings indicate that S. pactum Act12-mediated interactions between rhizosphere microbial communities and pepper plants are responsible for intricate fruit metabolic reprogramming patterns, which enhance not only overall fruit quality but also consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Suzhen Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Quanhong Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hangxian Lai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Use of Moringa oleifera leaves (sole or combined with concentrate) in rabbit feeding: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109108. [PMID: 36640718 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sixty Chinchilla rabbits (28 days old) were divided into three equal groups (n = 20). Rabbits in MOL0 (control) were fed pellets containing 700 g cowpea hay/kg pellet as forage source, whereas rabbits in MOL700 and MOL950 were fed pellets containing 700 and 950 g moringa leaves/kg feed pellets, respectively. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was comparable in MOL700 and MOL0, however, it was higher in MOL950. Among the carcass traits, dressing percent was higher while, chilling loss was lower in MOL700 treatment. The Longissimus thoracis muscle of rabbits fed moringa leaves containing pellets (MOL700 and MOL950) had lower saturated fatty acid content, higher C18:3n-3 and total n-3 fatty acids along with lower thrombogenic index value. Hence, incorporating moringa leaves at 70% level is beneficial in terms of improved growth performance and functional attributes of meat than diet- containing sole moringa leaves.
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43
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K B C, R H, R A, G JJB, J P D, Banjara SK, M A, K PR, B N, M SP. Macronutrient composition of term and preterm human milk of different socio economic groups. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102571. [PMID: 37079956 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the nutritional composition of Human Breast Milk (HBM) is important to understand its sufficiency as the sole nutrient source in infants. The present study is aimed to analyze the proximate composition along with total amino acid and fatty acid profile in term and preterm HBM of different socio economic status. This cross sectional study included, 120 lactating mothers with term or preterm gestation from maternity hospitals located in Hyderabad, Telangana. Nutritional proximate, total amino and fatty acid profiles were estimated in pooled human milk collected from each participant within the first week of postpartum. The macronutrient composition in term was similar to that of preterm breast milk. The essential amino acid Leucine was significantly high in preterm (8.91 ± 0.18) when compared to term (8.61 ± 0.23). ω-5 fatty acid Myristoleic acid was significantly high in preterm (0.14 ± 0.02) when compared to term (0.11 ± 0.02), whereas ω-6 fatty acids like Docosadienoic Acid and Eicosadienoic acid were found to be significantly high in term when compared to preterm. Further, it was also found that the mono unsaturated and ω-9 fatty acids were significantly high in lower socio economic group, whereas, poly unsaturated and ω -3 and 6 fatty acids were significantly high in upper socio economic group. The present study concludes that, nutritional composition like essential amino and fatty acids of human milk vary significantly between different gestational age as well as in socio economic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathyushya K B
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemalatha R
- Director. ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ananthan R
- Food Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - J J Babu G
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Devraj J P
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Banjara
- Maternal and Child Health Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alimelu M
- Department of Neonatology, Niloufer Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pradeep Reddy K
- Neonatology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Banjarahills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitasha B
- Neonatology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Banjarahills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Prakash M
- Former Scientist, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Pappas A, Charisi A, Chatziantoniou CM, Giamouri E, Mitsiopoulou C, Moschopoulos V, Christodoulou C, Papadomichelakis G, Kotsampasi B, Mitsopoulos I, Tsiplakou E, Bampidis V. Effects of dietary pomegranate seed oil addition to diets for laying hens on fatty acid profile of eggs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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45
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Ali M, Aung SH, Abeyrathne EDNS, Park JY, Jung JH, Jang A, Jeong JY, Nam KC. Quality Enhancement of Frozen Chicken Meat Marinated with Phosphate Alternatives. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:245-268. [PMID: 36909856 PMCID: PMC9998199 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of phosphate alternatives on meat quality in marinated chicken were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing. Breast muscles were injected with solution of the green weight containing 1.5% NaCl and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or phosphate alternatives. Treatment variables consisted of no phosphate [control (-)], 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate [control (+)], 0.3% prune juice (PJ), 0.3% oyster shell, 0.3% nano-oyster shell, and 0.3% yeast and lemon extract (YLE) powder. One-third of the meat samples were stored at 4°C for 1 d, and the rest of the meats were kept at -18°C for 7 d. In chilled meat, a lower drip loss was noted for control (+) and YLE, whereas higher cooking yield in YLE compared to all tested groups. Compared with control (+), the other treatments except PJ showed higher pH, water holding capacity, moisture content, lower thawing and cooking loss, and shear force. Natural phosphate alternatives except for PJ, improved the CIE L* compared to control (-), and upregulated total protein solubility. However, phosphate alternatives showed similar or higher oxidative stability and impedance measurement compared to control (+), and an extensive effect on myofibrillar fragmentation index. A limited effect was observed for C*, h°, and free amino acids in treated meat. Eventually, the texture profile attributes in cooked of phosphate alternatives improved except for PJ. The results indicate the high potential use of natural additives could be promising and effective methods for replacing synthetic phosphate in chilled and frozen chicken with quality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahabbat Ali
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Department of Animal Production and Management, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shine Htet Aung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Department of Zoology, Kyaukse University, Kyaukse 05151, Myanmar
| | - Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | | | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jong Youn Jeong
- School of Food Biotechnology & Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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46
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Li Z, Ha M, Frank D, Hastie M, Warner RD. Muscle fibre type composition influences the formation of odour-active volatiles in beef. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112468. [PMID: 36869481 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavour is a key driver of consumer liking, and odour-active volatiles formed in cooking are important contributors to the flavour of cooked beef. We hypothesised that the formation of odour-active volatiles in beef are influenced by the contents of type I oxidative and type II glycolytic muscle fibres. To test our hypothesis, we combined ground masseter (type I) and cutaneous trunci (type II) into beef patties, cooked them, then their volatile profiles were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity, pH, total heme protein, free iron, and fatty acid composition of these patties were also measured to investigate their relationship to volatile formation. Our study showed that beef composed of more type I fibres had higher 3-methylbutanal and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, but less lipid-derived volatiles, and this could be partially attributed to the higher antioxidant capacity, pH, and total heme protein content in type I fibres. The results of our study indicate that fibre-type composition plays an important role in volatile formation and hence flavour of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Li
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Minh Ha
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Melindee Hastie
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn D Warner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Rocchetti G, Scansani A, Leni G, Sigolo S, Bertuzzi T, Prandini A. Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Sensory Analysis to Evaluate the Chemical Changes in Coppa Piacentina PDO during Different Ripening Times. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052223. [PMID: 36903465 PMCID: PMC10004812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ripening time is known to drive the chemical and sensory profiles of dry meat products, thus potentially affecting the final quality of the product. Starting from these background conditions, the aim of this work was to shed light, for the first time, on the chemical modifications of a typical Italian PDO meat product-namely, Coppa Piacentina-during ripening, to find correlations between its sensory quality and the biomarker compounds related to the progress of ripening. The ripening time (from 60 to 240 days) was found to deeply modify the chemical composition of this typical meat product, providing potential biomarkers of both oxidative reactions and sensory attributes. The chemical analyses revealed that there is typically a significant decrease in the moisture content during ripening, likely due to increased dehydration. In addition, the fatty acid profile showed that the distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly (p < 0.05) decreased during ripening, because of their high susceptibility to oxidation and conversion to intermediate and secondary molecules. An untargeted metabolomics approach, coupled with unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistics, highlighted a significant impact (prediction scores > 1) of lipid oxidation during ripening time, with some metabolites (such as γ -glutamyl-peptides, hydroperoxy-fatty acids, and glutathione) being particularly discriminant in predicting the changes observed. The discriminant metabolites were coherent with the progressive increase of peroxide values determined during the entire ripening period. Finally, the sensory analysis outlined that the highest degree of ripening provided greater color intensity of the lean part, slice firmness, and chewing consistency, with glutathione and γ-glutamyl-glutamic acid establishing the highest number of significant correlations with the sensory attributes evaluated. Taken together, this work highlights the importance and validity of untargeted metabolomics coupled with sensory analysis to investigate the comprehensive chemical and sensory changes to dry meat during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Scansani
- Consorzio Tutela Salumi DOP Piacentini, Via Tirotti 11, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Leni
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Samantha Sigolo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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48
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Bostami ABMR, Mun HS, Yang CJ. Longissimus dorsi Muscle's Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Pattern, and Oxidative Stability in Korean Hanwoo Finishing Cattle Following Slaughtering and Stunning with or without Brain Disruption and State of Consciousness. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050928. [PMID: 36900443 PMCID: PMC10001086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Handling during pre- and post-slaughter conditions can affect the quality and safety of meat. An experiment was conducted to compare slaughtering with or without a state of consciousness on Longissimus dorsi muscle's proximate composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile, and storage quality (pH, microbiology, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value) in Korean Hanwoo finishing cattle (KHFC). Twenty-four KHFC (three replications of four animals per replicate) were slaughtered following two methods: (1) SSUC: slaughtering by applying captive bolt stunning, brain disruption, and neck cutting with the animal in an unconscious state; and (2) SSCS: slaughtering by applying captive bolt stunning, without brain disruption, and neck cutting with the animal in a conscious state. General carcass traits, proximate composition (exempting higher ash content), and cholesterol content of the Longissimus dorsi muscle did not differ between slaughter treatments (SSCS vs. SSUS) (p > 0.05). The total SFA, UFA, PUFA, and MUFA values did not change for those subjected to different slaughtering types; however, some particular SFA values, namely lauric, myristic, and myristoleic acid, were diminished for the SSCS method as compared with the SSUC method (p < 0.05). The Longissimus dorsi muscle's pH value was elevated (p < 0.05), the microbial population tended to be diminished (p < 0.10), and the TBARS value was suppressed for the SSCS method relative to that of the SSUC method during 2 weeks of storage (p < 0.05). Thus, compared with the SSUC method, the SSCS method ensured splendid storage quality with some positive influence on the proximate composition (total ash content) and fatty acid profile (some specific saturated fatty acids) of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of KHFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. M. Rubayet Bostami
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK 21 Plus), Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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49
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Effects of Sulla Flexuosa Hay as Alternative Feed Resource on Goat's Milk Production and Quality. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040709. [PMID: 36830499 PMCID: PMC9952730 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulla flexuosa (Hedysarum flexuosum L.) is an endemic legume growing in some Mediterranean areas in rainfed and cold mountainous conditions. It could be used in goat diets as an alternative protein source instead of alfalfa to supplement forest rangeland. This study aimed to test the effects of incorporating Sulla flexuosa (SF) hay in the diet of Beni Arouss goats on their milk production and quality. The hay was introduced at two levels, i.e., 35 or 70% (SF70), on a DM basis; it partially or totally replaced the alfalfa hay of the control diet. Sulla flexuosa incorporation did not affect milk production or physicochemical composition. However, milk FA content varied in proportion to the percentage of SF incorporation. The SF70 diet was associated with increased milk levels in C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, and C22:6n-3 and total monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and n-3 fatty acids. As a consequence, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were improved. Additionally, better antioxidant capacity was observed in SF70.
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50
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Settachaimongkon S, Homyog K, Mekboonsonglarp W, Soonoue P, Lerdamnuaylarp T, Prayoonpeeraput P, Theil PK, Nuntapaitoon M. Dynamics of fatty acid and non-volatile polar metabolite profiles in colostrum and milk depending on the lactation stage and parity number of sows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1989. [PMID: 36737492 PMCID: PMC9898266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of lactation stage and parity number on fatty acid and non-volatile polar metabolite profiles in sow colostrum and milk using a metabolomics approach. A total number of 63 colostrum, transient and mature milk were collected from primiparous and multiparous Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows. Macrochemical, fatty acid and non-volatile polar metabolite compositions of samples were analyzed using infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated significant impacts of lactation stage and parity number on colostrum and milk compositions. Chemometric analysis revealed significant influences of sow parity on the distinction in fatty acid profiles of mature milk while the distinction in non-volatile polar metabolite profiles was more evident in colostrum. Alterations in the concentration of linoleic (C18:2n6), lignoceric (C24:0), behenic (C22:0), caprylic (C8:0) and myristoleic (C14:1) acid together with those of creatine, creatinine phosphate, glutamate and glycolate were statistically suggested to be mainly affected by sow parity number. Variations in the concentration of these compounds reflected the physiological function of sow mammary gland influenced. This information could be applied for feed and feeding strategies in lactating sows and improving lactating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarn Settachaimongkon
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Emerging Processes for Food Functionality Design Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kunaporn Homyog
- Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Center (STREC), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pitikorn Soonoue
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Lerdamnuaylarp
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Poonradit Prayoonpeeraput
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Morakot Nuntapaitoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Swine Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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