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Anas M, Ward AK, McCarthy KL, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Diniz WJS. lncRNA-gene network analysis reveals the effects of early maternal nutrition on mineral homeostasis and energy metabolism in the fetal liver transcriptome of beef heifers. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 132:109691. [PMID: 38879136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy influences fetal development; however, the regulatory markers of fetal programming across different gestational phases remain underexplored in livestock models. Herein, we investigated the regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on fetal liver gene expression, the impacts of maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation, and the rate of maternal body weight gain during the periconceptual period. To this end, crossbred Angus heifers (n=31) were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial design to evaluate the main effects of the rate of weight gain (low gain [LG, avg. daily gain of 0.28 kg/day] vs. moderate gain [MG, avg. daily gain of 0.79 kg/day]) and vitamins and minerals supplementation (VTM vs. NoVTM). On day 83±0.27 of gestation, fetuses were collected for morphometric measurements, and fetal liver was collected for transcriptomic and mineral analyses. The maternal diet significantly affected fetal liver development and mineral reserves. Using an RNA-Seq approach, we identified 320 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across all six comparisons (FDR <0.05). Furthermore, lncRNAs were predicted through the FEELnc pipeline, revealing 99 unique differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). The over-represented pathways and biological processes (BPs) were associated with energy metabolism, Wnt signaling, CoA carboxylase activity, and fatty acid metabolism. The DEL-regulated BPs were associated with metal ion transport, pyrimidine metabolism, and classical energy metabolism-related glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and TCA cycle pathways. Our findings suggest that lncRNAs regulate mineral homeostasis- and energy metabolism-related gene networks in the fetal liver in response to early maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anas
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Luecke SM, Aryee G, Holman DB, Schmidt KN, King LE, Crouse MS, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Caton JS, Amat S. Effects of dietary restriction and one-carbon metabolite supplementation during the first 63 days of gestation on the maternal gut, vaginal, and blood microbiota in cattle. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:48. [PMID: 39210404 PMCID: PMC11360793 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet quality and quantity have significant impacts on both maternal and fetal health and development. The composition and function of the maternal gut microbiome is also significantly influenced by diet; however, little is known about the impact of gestational nutrient restriction on the bovine maternal microbiome during early gestation, which is a critical stage for maternal microbiome-mediated fetal programming to take place. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of diet restriction and one-carbon metabolite (OCM) supplementation during early gestation on maternal ruminal, vaginal, and blood microbiota in cattle. Thirty-three beef heifers (approx. 14 months old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with main factors of target gain (control [CON]; targeted 0.45 kg/d gain vs restricted [RES]; targeted - 0.23 kg/d gain), and OCM supplementation (+ OCM vs - OCM; n = 8/treatment; except n = 9 for RES-OCM). Heifers were individually fed, starting treatment at breeding (d 0) and concluding at d 63 of gestation. Ruminal fluid and vaginal swabs were collected on d - 2, d 35, and d 63 (at necropsy) and whole blood was collected on d 63 (necropsy). Bacterial microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing. RESULTS Overall ruminal microbiota structure was affected by gain, OCM, time, and their interactions. The RES heifers had greater microbial richness (observed ASVs) but neither Shannon nor Inverse Simpson diversity was significantly influenced by gain or OCM supplementation; however, on d 63, 34 bacterial genera showed differential abundance in the ruminal fluid, with 25 genera enriched in RES heifers as compared to CON heifers. In addition, the overall interaction network structure of the ruminal microbiota changed due to diet restriction. The vaginal microbiota community structure was influenced by gain and time. Overall microbial richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiota steadily increased as pregnancy progressed. The vaginal ecological network structure was distinctive between RES and CON heifers with genera-genera interactions being intensified in RES heifers. A relatively diverse bacterial community was detected in blood samples, and the composition of the blood microbiota differed from that of ruminal and vaginal microbiota. CONCLUSION Restricted dietary intake during early gestation induced significant alterations in the ruminal microbiota which also extended to the vaginal microbiota. The composition of these two microbial communities was largely unaffected by OCM supplementation. Blood associated microbiota was largely distinctive from the ruminal and vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Luecke
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Godson Aryee
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Kaycie N Schmidt
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Layla E King
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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3
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Daneshi M, Borowicz PP, Entzie YL, Syring JG, King LE, Safain KS, Anas M, Reynolds LP, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Crouse MS, Caton JS. Influence of Maternal Nutrition and One-Carbon Metabolites Supplementation during Early Pregnancy on Bovine Fetal Small Intestine Vascularity and Cell Proliferation. Vet Sci 2024; 11:146. [PMID: 38668414 PMCID: PMC11054626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and one-carbon metabolite (OCM) supplementation (folate, vitamin B12, methionine, and choline) on fetal small intestine weight, vascularity, and cell proliferation, 29 (n = 7 ± 1 per treatment) crossbred Angus beef heifers (436 ± 42 kg) were estrous synchronized and conceived by artificial insemination with female sexed semen from a single sire. Then, they were allotted randomly to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main factors of nutritional plane [control (CON) vs. restricted feed intake (RES)] and OCM supplementation [without OCM (-OCM) or with OCM (+OCM)]. Heifers receiving the CON level of intake were fed to target an average daily gain of 0.45 kg/day, which would allow them to reach 80% of mature BW by calving. Heifers receiving the RES level of intake were fed to lose 0.23 kg/heifer daily, which mimics observed production responses in heifers that experience a diet and environment change during early gestation. Targeted heifer gain and OCM treatments were administered from d 0 to 63 of gestation, and then all heifers were fed a common diet targeting 0.45 kg/d gain until d 161 of gestation, when heifers were slaughtered, and fetal jejunum was collected. Gain had no effect (p = 0.17) on the fetal small intestinal weight. However, OCM treatments (p = 0.02) displayed less weight compared to the -OCM groups. Capillary area density was increased in fetal jejunal villi of RES - OCM (p = 0.02). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) positivity ratio tended to be greater (p = 0.08) in villi and was less in the crypts (p = 0.02) of the RES + OCM group. Cell proliferation decreased (p = 0.02) in villi and crypts of fetal jejunal tissue from heifers fed the RES + OCM treatment compared with all groups and CON - OCM, respectively. Spatial cell density increased in RES - OCM compared with CON + OCM (p = 0.05). Combined, these data show OCM supplementation can increase expression of VEGFR2 in jejunal villi, which will promote maintenance of the microvascular beds, while at the same time decreasing small intestine weight and crypt cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Daneshi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Yssi L. Entzie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Jessica G. Syring
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Layla E. King
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, MN 56716, USA;
| | - Kazi Sarjana Safain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Matthew S. Crouse
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (P.P.B.); (Y.L.E.); (K.S.S.); (M.A.); (L.P.R.); (C.R.D.)
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Mercadante VRG, Lamb GC. Implementing Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:141-156. [PMID: 37684109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the importance of reproductive biotechnologies, including artificial insemination and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), in beef cow-calf operations. The use of TAI improves cow-calf productivity and profitability by shortening the breeding season and increasing the number of calves born earlier, resulting in heavier calves at weaning. However, adoption of TAI by beef producers in the United States has been slow compared with the dairy industry and internationally, such as Brazil. Current TAI protocols are effective in synchronizing ovulation and yield consistent pregnancy results. Factors affecting the success of TAI include cow/heifer factors, sire, nutritional status, and cattle temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R G Mercadante
- School of Animal Sciences, CALS and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, VAMD-CVM at Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Graham Cliff Lamb
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Hurlbert JL, Baumgaertner F, Menezes ACB, Bochantin KA, Diniz WJS, Underdahl SR, Dorsam ST, Kirsch JD, Sedivec KK, Dahlen CR. Supplementing vitamins and minerals to beef heifers during gestation: impacts on mineral status in the dam and offspring, and growth and physiological responses of female offspring from birth to puberty. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae002. [PMID: 38175528 PMCID: PMC10836515 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to nulliparous beef heifers throughout gestation on the mineral status of the dam, calf, placenta, and colostrum; offspring growth performance; and physiological responses of offspring raised as replacement heifers. Angus-based heifers (n = 31, initial body weight [BW] = 412.5 ± 53.68 kg) were adapted to an individual feeding system for 14 d, estrus synchronized and bred with female-sexed semen. Heifers were ranked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 14) or the basal diet plus 113 g heifer-1 d-1 of the vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 17). Targeted BW gains for both treatments was 0.45 kg heifer-1 d-1. Liver biopsies were obtained from dams at breeding, days 84 and 180 of gestation. At calving, liver biopsies were taken from dams and calves; colostrum, placenta, and blood samples were collected; and calf body measurements were recorded. After calving, all cow-calf pairs received a common diet through weaning, and F1 heifer calves were managed similarly after weaning. Offspring growth performance, feeding behavior, blood metabolites, and hormones were evaluated from birth through 15 mo of age. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with repeated measures where appropriate. Hepatic concentrations of Se decreased in VTM dams (P ≤ 0.05) from day 84 to calving, while concentrations of Cu decreased in VTM and CON (P ≤ 0.05) from day 84 to calving. Calf liver concentrations of Se, Cu, Zn, and Co at birth were greater for VTM than CON (P ≤ 0.05), but calf birth BW and body measurements were not different (P = 0.45). Placental Se, colostrum quantity, total Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn in colostrum were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in VTM dams than CON. Finally, offspring from VTM dams were heavier than CON (P < 0.0001) from weaning through 15 mo of age. These results were coupled with greater (P ≤ 0.04) blood glucose at birth, decreased (P ≤ 0.05) blood urea nitrogen at pasture turn out and weaning, and altered feeding behaviors in VTM offspring compared with CON. Maternal gestational vitamin and mineral supplementation enhanced mineral status in dams and F1 progeny, augmented postnatal offspring growth and blood metabolites. Consequently, in utero vitamin and mineral supplementation may exert programming outcomes on the performance and productivity of females raised as herd replacements and should be considered when developing diets for gestating cows and heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sarah R Underdahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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6
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Hurlbert JL, Menezes ACB, Baumgaertner F, Bochantin-Winders KA, Jurgens IM, Kirsch JD, Amat S, Sedivec KK, Swanson KC, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and mineral supplementation to beef heifers during gestation: impacts on morphometric measurements of the neonatal calf, vitamin and trace mineral status, blood metabolite and endocrine profiles, and calf organ characteristics at 30 h after birth. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae116. [PMID: 38666437 PMCID: PMC11121445 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to beef heifers throughout gestation on mineral status and hormone/endocrine profiles in the dam and calf, and morphometric characteristics and organ mass of the calf at 30 h after birth, Angus-based heifers (n = 72, 14 to 15 mo of age, initial body weight [BW] = 380.4 ± 50.56 kg) were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated (AI) with female-sexed semen. Heifers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 36) or a basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 36) via an individual feeding system beginning at breeding, with both diets targeting BW gains of 0.45 kg heifer-1·d-1. Heifers not pregnant after the first AI (CON, n = 19; VTM, n = 18) were rebred via AI 60 d after treatment initiation, and heifers gestating female fetuses (CON, n = 7; VTM, n = 7) received treatments throughout gestation and were experimental units for this study. Calves were separated from their dams and fed colostrum replacer within 2 h of birth and euthanized 30 h after the first feeding. Calf morphometrics were recorded, and tissues were weighed and sampled. Serum from the dam at calving and serum, liver, and muscle from the calf at 30 h were analyzed for concentrations of minerals. Serum from the dam and calf were analyzed for concentrations of leptin, vitamins A, D, and E, cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1. All response variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Calf body morphometrics and BW of the dam at calving (P ≥ 0.32), calf organ weights (P ≥ 0.21), and calf ovarian follicle counts (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by maternal treatment. Concentrations of Se and Co in calf serum and Se in calf liver were increased (P ≤ 0.02) in VTM. Serum concentrations of Co and vitamin A in the dam were greater (P ≤ 0.01) in supplemented compared with nonsupplemented dams, and serum concentrations of vitamin D were greater (P ≤ 0.0003) in supplemented dams and calves compared with the nonsupplemented cohort. Maternal supplementation supported vitamin and mineral status in the neonate, yet had no discernable impact on BW, organ mass, or circulating hormones/metabolites in the calf. Evaluating offspring at later postnatal time points is warranted to determine if prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation affects performance, health, metabolism, and efficiency of energy utilization in key metabolic tissues in the calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, 58483, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin-Winders
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Isabella M Jurgens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, 58483, USA
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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7
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Kanjanaruch C, Bochantin KA, Dávila Ruiz BJ, Syring J, Entzie Y, King L, Borowicz PP, Crouse MS, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK, Reynolds LP. One-carbon metabolite supplementation to nutrient-restricted beef heifers affects placental vascularity during early pregnancy. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae044. [PMID: 38407272 PMCID: PMC10907004 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that restricted maternal nutrition and supplementation of one-carbon metabolites (OCM; methionine, folate, choline, and vitamin B12) would affect placental vascular development during early pregnancy. A total of 43 cows were bred, and 32 heifers successfully became pregnant with female calves, leading to the formation of four treatment groups: CON - OCM (n = 8), CON + OCM (n = 7), RES - OCM (n = 9), and RES + OCM (n = 8). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial, with main factors of dietary intake affecting average daily gain: control (CON; 0.6 kg/d ADG) and restricted (RES; -0.23 kg/d ADG); and OCM supplementation (+OCM) in which the heifers were supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (7.4 g/d) and choline (44.4 g/d) and received weekly injections of 320 mg of folate and 20 mg of vitamin B12, or received no supplementation (-OCM; corn carrier and saline injections). Heifers were individually fed and randomly assigned to treatment at breeding (day 0). Placentomes were collected on day 63 of gestation (0.225 of gestation). Fluorescent staining with CD31 and CD34 combined with image analysis was used to determine the vascularity of the placenta. Images were analyzed for capillary area density (CAD) and capillary number density (CND). Areas evaluated included fetal placental cotyledon (COT), maternal placental caruncle (CAR), whole placentome (CAR + COT), intercotyledonary fetal membranes (ICOT, or chorioallantois), intercaruncular endometrium (ICAR), and endometrial glands (EG). Data were analyzed with the GLM procedure of SAS, with heifer as the experimental unit and significance at P ≤ 0.05 and a tendency at P > 0.05 and P < 0.10. Though no gain × OCM interactions existed (P ≥ 0.10), OCM supplementation increased (P = 0.01) CAD of EG, whereas nutrient restriction tended (P < 0.10) to increase CAD of ICOT and CND of COT. Additionally, there was a gain × OCM interaction (P < 0.05) for CAD within the placentome and ICAR, such that RES reduced and supplementation of RES with OCM restored CAD. These results indicate that maternal rate of gain and OCM supplementation affected placental vascularization (capillary area and number density), which could affect placental function and thus the efficiency of nutrient transfer to the fetus during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikun Kanjanaruch
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Bethania J Dávila Ruiz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jessica Syring
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yssi Entzie
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Layla King
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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8
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Baumgaertner F, Menezes ACB, Diniz WJS, Hurlbert JL, Bochantin-Winders KA, Underdahl SR, Kirsch JD, Dorsam ST, McCarthy KL, Ramirez-Zamudio GD, Sedivec KK, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Effects of rate of body weight gain during the first trimester of gestation on beef heifer and offspring performance, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, and response to vaccination. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae193. [PMID: 39028632 PMCID: PMC11337006 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study objectives were to evaluate the effects of divergent rates of body weight (BW) gain during early gestation in beef heifers on F0 performance, metabolic and endocrine status, colostrum immunoglobulins, and subsequent F1 calf characteristics, growth performance, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, and response to vaccination. Angus-based heifers (n = 100; BW = 369 ± 2.5 kg) were adapted to individual feeding for 14 d and bred using artificial insemination with female-sexed semen. Heifers were ranked by BW and assigned to either a basal diet targeting 0.28 kg/d gain (low [LG], n = 50) or the basal diet plus an energy/protein supplement targeting 0.79 kg/d gain (moderate gain [MG], n = 50) until day 84 of gestation. Dam BW and blood samples were collected at 6 time points during gestation; body composition was evaluated on days -10 and 84; and fetal measurements were taken on days 42, 63, and 84. At calving (LG, n = 23; MG, n = 23), dam and calf BW were recorded; and colostrum, calf body measurements, and blood samples were collected. Cow-calf pairs were managed on a common diet from calving to weaning, followed by a common postnatal development period for all F1 female offspring. Growth performance, hormone and metabolite profiles, feeding behavior, and reproductive performance were assessed from birth to prebreeding in F1 heifers. Offspring were vaccinated against respiratory disease and bovine viral diarrhea pathogens on days 62.3 ± 4.13 and 220.3 ± 4.13 postcalving. By design, MG dams were heavier (P < 0.0001) than LG on day 84, and the BW advantage persisted until subsequent weaning of F1 calves. Concentrations of serum IGF-1 and glucose were increased throughout gestation (P < 0.001) in MG dams, whereas concentrations of NEFA were decreased (P < 0.001) in LG dams. Calves from MG dams were 2.14 kg heavier (P = 0.03) and had larger chest circumference (P = 0.04) at birth compared with LG cohorts. Heifers from MG dams continued to have greater (P ≤ 0.03) BW gain and feed efficiency during the development period, but no differences were observed (P ≥ 0.13) in body composition, concentrations of hormones and metabolites, feeding behavior, puberty attainment, and response to vaccination in F1 offspring. Hence, early gestation rate of gain impacted BW and concentrations of glucose and IGF-1 throughout gestation in the F0 dam, resulting in altered F1 calf BW and measurements at birth and increased gain and efficiency during the development period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin-Winders
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sarah R Underdahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - German D Ramirez-Zamudio
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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9
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Swanson RM, Neville TL, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Borowicz PP, Crouse MS, Reynolds LP, Dahlen CR, Caton JS. Differing planes of nutrition alter serum and histotroph amino acid composition in nonpregnant, multiparous beef cows on day 3 of the estrous cycle. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae199. [PMID: 39028436 PMCID: PMC11322741 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial-derived uterine histotroph is a critical component of nutrient supply to a growing conceptus throughout gestation; however, the effect of nutritional plane on histotroph nutrient composition remains unknown in multiparous cows. We hypothesized that differing planes of nutrition would alter histotroph and serum nutrient composition in beef cattle. Thus, we evaluated serum and histotroph amino acid and glucose composition, and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in cows individually fed to maintain body weight (BW; 0 kd/d, n = 9; CON) compared with those losing moderate BW (-0.7 kg/d, n = 9; NEG). After 49 d of differing nutritional planes, cows were subjected to the 7-d CoSynch + controlled internal drug release device estrus synchronization protocol and then slaughtered on day 62. Blood serum (days 0 and 62) and uterine histotroph [day 62; from uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum (CL)] were collected and analyzed for concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and NEFA. Performance characteristics, body composition via ultrasound (days 0 and 62), and carcass characteristics were collected. Body condition score, change in BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and gain:feed were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in NEG vs. CON cows. There were no differences in body composition or carcass characteristics, except an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in dressing percentage in NEG cows due to differences in gut fill, consistent with study design. Serum NEFA increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the NEG group, but there were no differences between NEG vs. CON in glucose or BUN. Serum histidine increased (P ≤ 0.05) and alanine, isoleucine, and tryptophan decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in NEG vs. CON cows. Compared with that of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL, histotroph from the uterine horn contralateral to the CL had increased (P ≤ 0.05) isoleucine, asparagine, and proline concentrations in NEG cows, and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) tryptophan as a proportion of essential and total amino acids. There were no differences in glucose concentrations of histotroph contralateral or ipsilateral to the CL. Cow nutritional plane does alter serum and histotroph amino acid composition, although the presence of an embryo may be necessary to fully elucidate these changes. Differences in serum and histotroph tryptophan should be given consideration in future studies due to its importance as an essential amino acid in protein synthesis and bioactive affects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Swanson
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Cierrah J Kassetas
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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10
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Webb EM, Holman DB, Schmidt KN, Pun B, Sedivec KK, Hurlbert JL, Bochantin KA, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Amat S. Sequencing and culture-based characterization of the vaginal and uterine microbiota in beef cattle that became pregnant or remained open following artificial insemination. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0273223. [PMID: 37921486 PMCID: PMC10714821 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02732-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emerging evidence suggests that microbiome-targeted approaches may provide a novel opportunity to reduce the incidence of reproductive failures in cattle. To develop such microbiome-based strategies, one of the first logical steps is to identify reproductive microbiome features related to fertility and to isolate the fertility-associated microbial species for developing a future bacterial consortium that could be administered before breeding to enhance pregnancy outcomes. Here, we characterized the vaginal and uterine microbiota in beef cattle that became pregnant or remained open via artificial insemination and identified microbiota features associated with fertility. We compared similarities between vaginal and uterine microbiota and between heifers and cows. Using culturing, we provided new insights into the culturable fraction of the vaginal and uterine microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance. Overall, our findings will serve as an important basis for future research aimed at harnessing the vaginal and uterine microbiome for improved cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Webb
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Devin B. Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaycie N. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Beena Pun
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kerri A. Bochantin
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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11
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Sartori R, Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva LO, Wiltbank MC. Review: Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100769. [PMID: 37567674 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an ovulatory follicle is a fundamental premise for any reproductive management program that aims to optimize fertility in cattle. Controlling follicular development comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave, selection and growth of the dominant follicle, and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte. All these follicular events, primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion, occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment. In this sense, controlling follicular development demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of follicular development depends on specific particularities of each situation, which can vary widely according to genetic groups (Bos taurus vs Bos indicus), nutritional, metabolic, and reproductive status. In this regard, the constant search for the refined synchrony between the hormonal treatments and reproductive events, considering these distinctions and particularities, have provided valuable information that contributed to the development of efficient reproductive programs. This manuscript discusses the physiological bases behind the development of fine-tuned timed-artificial insemination protocols for beef and dairy cattle that resulted in great improvements in reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartori
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - C E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - R L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L O Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Yunga-Ayavaca ES, Quinche-Morocho RX, Angulo-Cubillán FJ. Fertilidad mejorada en ganado lechero con baja condición corporal al usar gonadotrofina coriónica equina en inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2023. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e33213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización de la gonadotrofina coriónica equina (eCG) en un protocolo de inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) a base de progesterona (P4) y la condición corporal (CC), sobre la fertilidad de vacas mantenidas bajo un sistema de producción tradicional (SPT); se desarrolló una investigación, empleando un diseño completo al azar, con arreglo factorial 2×2, siendo los factores la CC (3,00 ≤ CC ≤ 2,75) y la administración de 400 Unidades Internacionales (UI) de eCG, formando cuatro tratamientos (T) con 50 animales cada uno. T1 vacas sincronizadas con CC ≤ 2,75 y sin aplicación de eCG; T2 vacas sincronizadas con CC ≤ 2,75 y con aplicación de eCG; T3 vacas sincronizadas con CC ≥ 3,00 y sin aplicación de eCG; T4 vacas sincronizadas con CC ≥ 3,00 y con aplicación de eCG. El protocolo base fue: Día cero, aplicación del dispositivo intravaginal (DIV) de progesterona, más 2 miligramos (mg) de benzoato de estradiol (BE), el día 7, retiro del DIV más 500 microgramos (µcg) de cloprostenol sódico, día 8, 1 mg de BE, Día 9 la IATF, 56 horas de haber retirado el DIV. La eCG se administró al momento de retirar el DIV. Los valores de fertilidad fueron para el T1: 22,0 %; T2: 44,0 %; T3: 46,0 % y T4: 48,0 %, con diferencias significativas (P<0,05) entre el T1 y los otros T. Los resultados indican que la administración de eCG, mejora la fertilidad de vacas con baja CC, en SPT de leche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Salomón Yunga-Ayavaca
- Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias. Santo Domingo, Ecuador - Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Francisco Javier Angulo-Cubillán
- Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias. Santo Domingo, Ecuador - Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Maracaibo, Venezuela
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13
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Diniz WJS, Ward AK, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Sedivec KK, Kirsch JD, Dorsam ST, Neville TL, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Periconceptual Maternal Nutrition Affects Fetal Liver Programming of Energy- and Lipid-Related Genes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040600. [PMID: 36830387 PMCID: PMC9951695 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the fetus relies on the dam for its nutrient supply. Nutritional stimuli during fetal organ development can program hepatic metabolism and function. Herein, we investigated the role of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NoVTM-at least 71 days pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and rate of weight gain (low (LG) or moderate (MG)-from breeding to day 83) on the fetal liver transcriptome and the underlying biological pathways. Crossbred Angus beef heifers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design (VTM_LG, VTM_MG, NoVTM_LG, and NoVTM_MG). Gene expression was measured with RNA-Seq in fetal livers collected on day 83 ± 0.27 of gestation. Our results show that vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of weight gain led to the differential expression of hepatic genes in all treatments. We identified 591 unique differentially expressed genes across all six VTM-gain contrasts (FDR ≤ 0.1). Over-represented pathways were related to energy metabolism, including PPAR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, as well as lipid metabolism, mineral transport, and amino acid transport. Our findings suggest that periconceptual maternal nutrition affects fetal hepatic function through altered expression of energy- and lipid-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J. S. Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kacie L. McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Cierrah J. Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T. Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Tammi L. Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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14
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Rossignolo EADA, Silva NCD, Stolf RL, Cavalieri FLB, Colombo AHB, Andreazzi MA, Seneda MM, Morotti F. Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 195:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Hurlbert JL, Baumgaertner F, McCarthy KL, Long T, Wieland C, Sedivec KK, Dahlen CR. Effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to cow-calf pairs grazing native range. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad077. [PMID: 37483682 PMCID: PMC10358721 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the impacts of providing vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplements to cow-calf pairs during the summer grazing period on cow and calf performance and liver concentrations of minerals. During a two-year period, 727 crossbred cows and their calves (initial cow BW = 601.7 ± 48.1 kg; calf BW = 87.8 ± 5.0 kg; n = 381 in year 1, n = 346 in year 2) from the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (Streeter, N.D.) were blocked by parity (young [parity 1 to 3], and old [parity 4+]) and randomly assigned to pastures at the beginning of the grazing season (16 in year 1 and 14 in year 2). Pastures were assigned to receive a free-choice VTM supplement (SUPP) or no VTM supplement (CON) from pasture turnout to pasture removal (158 and 156 days in year 1 and 2, respectively). Consecutive day weights were taken from cows and calves at pasture turnout and removal and liver biopsies were collected from a subset of cows at both timepoints and from calves at weaning. Cows were bred via AI 37 to 41 d after pasture turnout and by natural service cleanup bulls for a 70 to 80 d breeding season. Calving and weaning data were collected from the calf conceived and gestated during treatments. Data were analyzed for the effect of VTM treatment (SUPP vs. CON), block of parity, and their interaction using the GLM procedure of SAS with pasture as the experimental unit. Year was considered a random effect in the final analysis. Cow pregnancy success was evaluated using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS with model terms of VTM treatment, parity, and their interaction with year as a random effect. In year 2, cows in differing days postpartum (DPP) groups at pasture turnout (66.1, 48.8, and 34.5 ± 1.04 DPP for EARLY, MID, and LATE groups, respectively) were selected for liver biopsies with cow as the experimental unit. Cow and calf BW and BW change were not impacted (P ≥ 0.20) by VTM access. Pregnancy rate to AI, overall pregnancy rate, gestating calf birth BW and calving distribution were not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by treatment. Liver concentrations of Se, Cu, and Co were greater (P ≤ 0.002) at pasture removal and weaning for cows and suckling calves that had access to VTM. Cows considered EARLY calving had greater (P = 0.05) concentrations of liver Se compared with LATE calving cows. Although VTM supplementation enhanced concentrations of key minerals in the liver of cow-calf pairs, reproductive and growth performance was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Present address: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Timothy Long
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Cody Wieland
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
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16
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Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Gain in Beef Heifers II: Effects on Concentration of Trace Minerals in Maternal Liver and Fetal Liver, Muscle, Allantoic, and Amniotic Fluids at Day 83 of Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151925. [PMID: 35953914 PMCID: PMC9367577 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and two rates of gain (from breeding to day 83 of gestation) on trace mineral concentrations in maternal and fetal liver, fetal muscle, and allantoic (ALF) and amniotic (AMF) fluids. Crossbred Angus heifers (n = 35; BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two vitamin and mineral supplementation treatments (VMSUP; supplemented (VTM) vs. unsupplemented (NoVTM)). The VMSUP factor was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI), allowing time for the mineral status of heifers to be altered in advance of breeding. The VTM supplement (113 g·heifer−1·d−1) provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM, and the NoVTM supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg·heifer−1·day−1 with no added vitamin and mineral supplement. At AI, heifers were assigned to one of two rates of gain treatments (GAIN; low gain (LG) 0.28 kg/d or moderate gain (MG) 0.79 kg/d) within their respective VMSUP groups. On d 83 of gestation fetal liver, fetal muscle, ALF, and AMF were collected. Liver biopsies were performed prior to VMSUP factor initiation, at the time of AI, and at the time of ovariohysterectomy. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of Se, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, and Co. A VMSUP × GAIN × day interaction was present for Se and Cu (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), with concentrations for heifers receiving VTM being greater at AI and tissue collection compared with heifers not receiving VTM (p < 0.01). A VMSUP × day interaction (p = 0.01) was present for Co, with greater (p < 0.01) concentrations for VTM than NoVTM at the time of breeding. VTM-MG heifers had greater concentrations of Mn than all other treatments (VMSUP × GAIN, p < 0.01). Mo was greater (p = 0.04) for MG than LG, while Zn concentrations decreased throughout the experiment (p < 0.01). Concentrations of Se (p < 0.01), Cu (p = 0.01), Mn (p = 0.04), and Co (p = 0.01) were greater in fetal liver from VTM than NoVTM. Mo (p ≤ 0.04) and Co (p < 0.01) were affected by GAIN, with greater concentrations in fetal liver from LG than MG. In fetal muscle, Se (p = 0.02) and Zn (p < 0.01) were greater for VTM than NoVTM. Additionally, Zn in fetal muscle was affected by GAIN (p < 0.01), with greater concentrations in LG than MG. The ALF in VTM heifers (p < 0.01) had greater Se and Co than NoVTM. In AMF, trace mineral concentrations were not affected (p ≥ 0.13) by VMSUP, GAIN, or their interaction. Collectively, these data suggest that maternal nutrition pre-breeding and in the first trimester of gestation affects fetal reserves of some trace minerals, which may have long-lasting impacts on offspring performance and health.
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Crouse MS, McCarthy KL, Menezes ACB, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam S, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Weight Gain during the First Trimester of Gestation in Beef Heifers Alters the Fetal Liver Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, and Energy Profile at Day 83 of Gestation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080696. [PMID: 36005568 PMCID: PMC9416667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding heifers a vitamin and mineral supplement and targeting divergent rates of weight gain during early gestation on the fetal liver amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy profile at d 83 of gestation. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to one of four treatments comprising the main effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NOVTM) and feeding to achieve different rates of weight gain (low gain [LG] 0.28 kg/day vs. moderate gain [MG] 0.79 kg/day). Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and fetal liver was collected and analyzed by reverse phase UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with positive and negative ion mode electrospray ionization, as well as by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography UPLC-MS/MS with negative ion mode ESI for compounds of known identity. The Glycine, Serine, and Threonine metabolism pathway and the Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine metabolism pathway had a greater total metabolite abundance in the liver of the NOVTM-LG group and least in the VTM-LG group (p < 0.01). Finally, both the TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation pathways within the Energy Metabolism superpathway were differentially affected by the main effect of VTM, where the TCA cycle metabolites were greater (p = 0.04) in the NOVTM fetal livers and the Oxidative Phosphorylation biochemicals were greater (p = 0.02) in the fetal livers of the VTM supplemented heifers. These data demonstrate that the majority of metabolites that are affected by rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation are decreased in heifers on a greater rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Crouse
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kacie L. McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Ana Clara B. Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Cierrah J. Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Tammi L. Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA;
| | - J. Chris Forcherio
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Grays Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Grays Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.); (C.R.D.)
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18
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B. Menezes AC, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam ST, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Gain in Beef Heifers I: Effects on Dam Hormonal and Metabolic Status, Fetal Tissue and Organ Mass, and Concentration of Glucose and Fructose in Fetal Fluids at d 83 of Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141757. [PMID: 35883305 PMCID: PMC9312120 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation [VMSUP; supplemented (VTM) vs. unsupplemented (NoVTM)] and different rates of gain [GAIN; low gain (LG), 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain (MG), 0.79 kg/d] during the first 83 d of gestation on dam hormone and metabolic status, fetal tissue and organ mass, and concentration of glucose and fructose in fetal fluids. The VMSUP was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI), allowing time for mineral status of heifers to be altered in advance of breeding. At AI heifers were assigned their GAIN treatment. Heifers received treatments until the time of ovariohysterectomy (d 83 ± 0.27 after AI). Throughout the experiment, serum samples were collected and analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), progesterone (P4), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). At ovariohysterectomy, gravid reproductive tracts were collected, measurements were taken, samples of allantoic (ALF) and amniotic (AMF) fluids were collected, and fetuses were dissected. By design, MG had greater ADG compared to LG (0.85 vs. 0.34 ± 0.04 kg/d, respectively; p < 0.01). Concentrations of NEFA were greater for LG than MG (p = 0.04) and were affected by a VMSUP × day interaction (p < 0.01), with greater concentrations for NoVTM on d 83. Insulin was greater for NoVTM than VTM (p = 0.01). A GAIN × day interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for IGF-1, with greater concentrations for MG on d 83. At d 83, P4 concentrations were greater for MG than LG (GAIN × day, p < 0.01), and MG had greater (p < 0.01) corpus luteum weights versus LG. Even though fetal BW was not affected (p ≥ 0.27), MG fetuses had heavier (p = 0.01) femurs than LG, and VTM fetuses had heavier (p = 0.05) livers than those from NoVTM. Additionally, fetal liver as a percentage of BW was greater in fetuses from VTM (P = 0.05; 3.96 ± 0.06% BW) than NoVTM (3.79 ± 0.06% BW), and from LG (p = 0.04; 3.96 ± 0.06% BW) than MG (3.78 ± 0.06% BW). A VMSUP × GAIN interaction was observed for fetal small intestinal weight (p = 0.03), with VTM-MG being heavier than VTM-LG. Therefore, replacement heifer nutrition during early gestation can alter the development of organs that are relevant for future offspring performance. These data imply that compensatory mechanisms are in place in the developing conceptus that can alter the growth rate of key metabolic organs possibly in an attempt to increase or decrease energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B. Menezes
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.B.M.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Kacie L. McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Cierrah J. Kassetas
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Sheri T. Dorsam
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Tammi L. Neville
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA;
| | - J. Chris Forcherio
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA; (J.C.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (C.J.K.); (F.B.); (J.D.K.); (S.T.D.); (T.L.N.); (A.K.W.); (P.P.B.); (L.P.R.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.B.M.); (C.R.D.)
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19
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Joo YH, Jeong SM, Paradhipta DHV, Lee HJ, Lee SS, Choi JS, Noh HT, Chang HH, Kim EJ, Kim SC. Improvement of conception rate on Hanwoo; The key hormones and novel estrus detector. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1265-1274. [PMID: 34957442 PMCID: PMC8672256 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted to improve the conception rate of Hanwoo cow. The first experiment aimed to investigate the physiological condition of Hanwoo cows on estrus, including metabolic profiles and body condition score (BCS). The second experiment investigated the effect of a novel estrus detector on the artificial insemination (AI) conception rate for Hanwoo cows. For the first experiment, 80 Hanwoo cows (2.5 ± 0.10 of parity), approximately one month before estrus, were housed in 16 pens and offered the experimental diets twice daily with free water access. The BCS were recorded, and blood was collected from the jugular veins just before AI. The collected blood was used to measure physiological conditions, such as metabolite and hormone levels. For the second experiment, each cow was equipped with a neck-mounted estrus detector collar, which had a sensor connected through the internet. Approximately one month before estrus, three hundred sixty Hanwoo cows (2.4 ± 0.21 of parity) were assigned into groups with or without W-Tag collar treatments. The animals were managed the same as in the first experiment. The pregnancy rate reached 55% in the first experiment. The concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher (p < 0.012; 1.56 vs. 1.08 ng/mL) in cows that were not pregnant (NPG) than in cows that were pregnant (PG) after AI. The BCS and other concentrations of metabolites and hormones in the blood were not different in both NPG and PG cows. The ranges of estrogen, LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone for PG cows were 11.9 to 39.0 pg/mL, < 0.25 to 1.98 ng/mL, and < 0.50 to 0.82 ng/mL, respectively. In the second experiment, cows with the estrus detector had lower days open (p < 0.001; 78.1 vs. 84.8 d), insemination frequency (p < 0.001; 1.26 vs. 2.52), and return of estrus (p < 0.001; 70.9 vs. 79.1 d) than those in cows without the estrus detector. In conclusion, the present study indicated that lower LH concentration just before AI potentially increased the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cows. Furthermore, the application of estrus detectors to Hanwoo cows could improve the conception success rate for AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoo Joo
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Hyuk Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Shin Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeon Tak Noh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hong Hee Chang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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20
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Kivrak MB, Corum O, Alkan H, Atik O, Aydin I, Uney K. The pharmacokinetics of letrozole and its effect on gonadotropins in anestrous ewes. Theriogenology 2021; 176:225-232. [PMID: 34628085 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of letrozole and its effect on FSH and LH concentrations after single (IV, IM, SC) and repeated IV doses in anestrous ewes. This study was conducted in experiments 1 and 2 by randomly dividing 24 healthy Akkaraman ewes in anestrus into two equal groups. In experiment 1, the pharmacokinetics of letrozole following single IV, IM, and SC administration at 1 mg/kg dose and its effect of a single IV dose on plasma FSH and LH concentration were determined. In experiment 2, the effect of repeated IV doses of letrozole on FSH and LH concentrations was established. Plasma concentration of letrozole was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. FSH and LH concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz) for IV, IM, and SC routes were 9.94, 37.29, and 41.07 h, respectively. The IV route for letrozole had a total clearance of 0.11 L/h/kg and a volume of distribution at a steady state of 1.50 L/kg. The peak plasma concentration was 0.11 μg/mL for the IM route and 0.14 μg/mL for the SC routes. The bioavailability was 55.18% for the IM route and 75.34% for the SC route. Letrozole following single and repeated (every 24 h for 3 days) IV administrations at 1 mg/kg dose did not affect LH concentration in anestrous ewes but caused an increase in the FSH concentration. This increase in FSH concentration may create a potential for the use of letrozole in ovarian superstimulation protocols. Favorable pharmacokinetic properties (long t1/2ʎz and good bioavailability) of letrozole for IM and SC routes require further investigation before use in estrus induction or estrus synchronization protocols in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bugra Kivrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Orkun Atik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Aydin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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21
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Menezes ACB, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam S, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6119706. [PMID: 33493276 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer-1•d-1, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Cierrah J Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, USA
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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22
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Menezes ACB, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam S, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021. [PMID: 33493276 DOI: 10.17226/19014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer-1•d-1, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Cierrah J Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, USA
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Silva Filho ML, Ferreira-Silva JC, Vieira JIT, Basto SRL, Chaves MS, Luz JB, Alves KS, Bartolomeu CC, Oliveira MAL. Influence of the male effect on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rate in lactating cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Epperson KM, Rich JJJ, Zoca SM, Northrop EJ, Perkins SD, Walker JA, Rhoades JR, Perry GA. Effect of progesterone supplementation in a resynchronization protocol on follicular dynamics and pregnancy success. Theriogenology 2020; 157:121-129. [PMID: 32810789 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the necessity of a controlled internal drug releasing device (CIDR) in a fixed-time AI resynchronization protocol as well as to compare a commercially available blood pregnancy test with transrectal ultrasonography for Day 28 pregnancy detection. Over a two-year period, beef cows and heifers from twelve herds were inseminated using the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol. On Day 21 following the first insemination, the protocol was repeated, with animals receiving either a CIDR or no CIDR. Pregnancy status (AI1) was determined on Day 28 by both transrectal ultrasonography and the IDEXX Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test. Non-pregnant animals by both methods (CIDR: n = 190 cows, n = 228 heifers; no CIDR: n = 185 cows, n = 223 heifers) received an injection of Prostaglandin F2alpha and were inseminated at the appropriate time or bred following detection of estrus. Corpora lutea (CL) number and largest follicle diameter were recorded on a subset of non-pregnant animals (CIDR: n = 66 cows, n = 46 heifers; no CIDR: n = 76 cows, n = 41 heifers) at time of pregnancy diagnosis on Day 28. Final pregnancy status was determined a minimum of 31 days following the second AI (AI2). The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was utilized for estrus and pregnancy data; while the MIXED procedure was utilized for analyses of CL number and largest follicle diameter. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.55) of treatment on AI1 pregnancy, AI2 pregnancy, or overall pregnancy rates. The presence of a CIDR during the resynchronization increased (P < 0.001) estrus expression prior to AI2. There was an effect of treatment by age on AI2 pregnancy (P < 0.01); heifers that received a CIDR had greater AI2 pregnancy rates than heifers that did not receive a CIDR (P = 0.04), but there was no difference between cows with and without a CIDR. Treatment had no effect (P > 0.10) on embryonic loss (between the first and second pregnancy diagnosis), CL number, or follicle diameter. Although, there was a tendency for the interaction of treatment by age on follicle size (P = 0.07), with cows having larger follicles than heifers in the no CIDR group but not the CIDR group. In conclusion, use of a CIDR in this resynchronization protocol increased estrus expression, increased AI2 pregnancy for heifers, but did not improve pregnancies in cows, and did not influence overall pregnancy or embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Epperson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jerica J J Rich
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Emmalee J Northrop
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Stephanie D Perkins
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Julie A Walker
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - George A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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25
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Masello M, Ren Y, Erickson D, Giordano J. An automated controlled-release device for intravaginal hormone delivery. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:15-20. [PMID: 36340429 PMCID: PMC9623694 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-18816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to develop and validate an electronically controlled hormone-delivery device for reproductive control of cattle. After development and in vitro testing of a prototype device for intravaginal (IVG) hormone release, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of inducing luteal regression by automated treatment with PGF2α. The IVG device comprises an outer 3D-printed plastic housing, fluid reservoirs connected to delivery pumps and tubing, a programmable circuit board, and a retention mechanism. For in vitro testing, 4 pumps were programmed to release different target volumes (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mL) in 4 replicates (n = 80). A Bland-Altman plot was constructed to assess the magnitude of disagreement between expected and delivered volumes. Observations fell within acceptable limits of agreement (1.96 standard deviations) >95% of the time, indicating overall good agreement (mean difference = -0.005 mL). To assess in vivo performance of the IVG device, lactating Holstein cows with at least 1 corpus luteum ≥15 mm in diameter were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) IM-PGF (n = 6): two 25-mg intramuscular doses of PGF2α 24 h apart; (2) DEV-PGF (n = 6): four 25-mg doses of PGF2α released automatically by the IVG device at 10- or 12-h intervals; and (3) DEV-CTL (n = 4): insertion of an empty IVG device (placebo control). Blood samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. All devices (10/10) remained in situ until removed at 48 h. Progesterone (P4) concentrations from 0 to 72 h were affected by treatment, time, and their interaction. Concentrations of P4 did not differ at time 0 but differed from 24 to 72 h: cows in IM-PGF and DEV-PGF had lesser P4 than cows in DEV-CTL. Conversely, P4 did not differ for IM-PGF and DEV-PGF during the experiment. We conclude that the current IVG hormone-releasing device prototype can be programmed to automatically release PGF2α for successful induction of luteal regression in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Masello
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Y. Ren
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D. Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J.O. Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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26
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Ratzburg K, Jorgensen-Muga K, Murugesan J, Kastelic J, Kasimanickam V, Kasimanickam R. Presynchronization with CIDR, with or without GnRH, prior to CO-Synch in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 146:80-87. [PMID: 32062151 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare ovarian responses and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in Angus-cross beef heifers (n = 521; 4 locations) synchronized with CIDR-CO-Synch (CCOS) versus CIDR-GnRH-CO-Synch (CGCOS) protocols. Heifers were assigned a reproductive tract score (RTS: 1, immature, acyclic; 5, mature, cyclic), body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, obese) and temperament score (0, calm, 1, excitable). Heifers in the CCOS (n = 261) group received a CIDR on Day -20 (removed on Day -13), 100 μg GnRH on Day -10, 25 mg PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Heifers in the CGCOS (n = 260) group received a CIDR on Day -26 (removed on Day -19), 100 μg of GnRH on days -16 and -10, 25 mg of PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Ovarian ultrasonography was done in a subset of heifers (n = 60; 30 in each group) to determine number and size of ovarian follicles and presence of corpus luteum (CL). There was increased (P < 0.05) percentage of heifers with CL in CGCOS group compared to heifers in CCOS group on Day -10 (82.3 vs 68.2%) and on Day -3 (88.3 vs 75.1%). Average size of the largest ovarian follicle on Day 0 was greater for heifers in CGCOS group compared to CCOS group (P < 0.05). However, P/AI did not differ between CCOS and CGCOS groups, 55.0% (143/260) and 59.8% (156/261), respectively (P > 0.1). In conclusion, CIDR presynchronization with or without GnRH (CCOS and CGCOS protocols) in beef heifers resulted in similar P/AI. Adding GnRH to presynchronization with CIDR resulted in more heifers with a CL at PGF2α and increased preovulatory follicle diameter at AI. Future studies are needed with bigger sample size and CIDR + CO-Synch treatment as control to determine economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamron Ratzburg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katriana Jorgensen-Muga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jeeviya Murugesan
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - John Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanmathy Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ramanathan Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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27
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Masello M, Scarbolo M, Schneck MV, Perez MM, Schillkowsky EM, Sitko EM, Hernandez FS, Cabrera EM, Rossi RM, Giordano JO. Intravaginal instillation of prostaglandin F 2α was as effective as intramuscular injection for induction of luteal regression in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2743-2755. [PMID: 31882220 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to test the efficacy of intravaginal (IVG) administration of PGF2α to induce corpus luteum (CL) regression, compare circulating progesterone (P4) profiles in cows receiving IVG versus intramuscular (IM) treatment with PGF2α, and evaluate reproductive outcomes. Lactating Holstein cows were synchronized using a Double-Ovsynch protocol [GnRH, 7 d later PGF2α, 3 d later GnRH, 7 d later GnRH, 7 d later PGF2α, 1 d later PGF2α, 32 h later GnRH, 16 to 20 h timed artificial insemination (TAI)] to receive TAI at 67 ± 3 d in milk. Seven days after the first GnRH treatment (time 0), cows with at least 1 visible CL ≥15 mm were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to a treatment that consisted of IM injection (IM-PGF; n = 201) or IVG instillation (IVG-PGF; n = 201) of PGF2α. Cows in IM-PGF received a single 25-mg dose of PGF2α (dinoprost tromethamine) intramuscularly. Cows in IVG-PGF received two 25-mg doses of PGF2α 12 h apart delivered through a catheter in the cranial portion of the vagina. Blood samples were collected at 0, 12, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Ovulation to the first GnRH of Double-Ovsynch was determined through transrectal ultrasonography. Only cows with P4 ≥1 ng/mL (functional CL) at time 0 (IM-PGF = 169; IVG-PGF = 179) were included in the analyses. Binary and quantitative data were analyzed by logistic regression and ANOVA with repeated measures, respectively. Results are presented as least squares means. Concentrations of P4 and the proportion of cows with a new CL at time 0 did not differ. Overall, the proportion of cows with CL regression using 1 ng of P4/mL (IM-PGF = 89.0%; IVG-PGF = 86.7%) or 0.5 ng of P4/mL (IM-PGF = 82.2%; IVG-PGF = 82.1%) as the cutoff did not differ. Concentrations of P4 were affected by treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction. Cows in IVG-PGF had greater mean P4 at 12 h than cows in IM-PGF. Mean P4 did not differ at 48 or 72 h after treatment. The proportion of cows with estrus recorded within 3 d of treatment (IM-PGF = 45.4%; IVG-PGF = 48.9%), ovulation risk after treatment (IM-PGF = 88.5%; IVG-PGF = 85.1%), and pregnancies per artificial insemination after TAI (IM-PGF = 51.5%; IVG-PGF = 57.8%) did not differ. We concluded that 2 IVG doses of 25 mg of PGF2α 12 h apart were as effective as a single 25-mg IM dose of PGF2α for inducing luteal regression in lactating dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masello
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M Scarbolo
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M V Schneck
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M M Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - E M Schillkowsky
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - E M Sitko
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - F Sosa Hernandez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - E M Cabrera
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R M Rossi
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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28
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Cooke RF, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM, Cerri RLA. Estrous expression during a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol enhances development and interferon-tau messenger RNA expression in conceptuses from Bos indicus beef cows. Animal 2019; 13:2569-2575. [PMID: 30968808 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of estrus (EST) near the time of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) increases pregnancy success in beef females. This outcome has been associated with improved pregnancy establishment and maintenance, although research is still warranted to validate this theory. Hence, this experiment compared ovarian, uterine and conceptus factors associated with pregnancy establishment in Bos indicus beef cows according to estrous expression during a FTAI protocol. One hundred lactating multiparous Nelore cows received a 2 mg injection of estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone (P4) releasing device on day -11, a 12.5 mg injection of prostaglandin F2α on day -4, P4 device removal in addition to 0.6 mg injection of estradiol cypionate and 300 IU injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin on day -2, and FTAI on day 0. An estrous detection patch was attached to the tailhead of each cow on day -2, and estrous expression was defined as removal of >50% of the rub-off coating from the patch at FTAI. Overall, 39 cows expressed EST, 55 did not express EST (NOEST), and six cows lost their patch and were discarded from the experiment. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed at FTAI, and on days 7 and 15 of the experiment. Blood samples were also collected on days 7 and 15. Only cows without a corpus luteum (CL) on day 0, and with a CL on days 7 and 15 remained in the experiment (EST, n=36; NOEST, n=48). On day 15, cows were randomly selected within each group (EST, n=29; NOEST, n=30) for conceptus collection via transcervical flushing, followed by endometrial biopsy in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Within cows not assigned to conceptus collection, blood samples were collected for whole blood RNA extraction (day 20) and pregnancy status was verified by transrectal ultrasonography (day 30). Diameter of dominant follicle on day 0 and plasma P4 concentrations on day 7 were greater (P⩽0.02) in EST v. NOEST cows. Conceptus length and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of prostaglandin E synthase and interferon-tau were greater (P⩽0.04) in EST v. NOEST cows. Moreover, EST cows diagnosed as pregnant on day 30 had greater (P<0.01) blood mRNA expression of myxovirus resistance 2 on day 20 compared with NOEST. In summary, estrous expression near the time of FTAI enhanced pregnancy establishment factors in B. indicus cows, including conceptus development and mRNA expression of interferon-tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University,College Station, TX77845, USA
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University,College Station, TX77845, USA
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z4
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29
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Wilson CS, Brookes VJ, Barnes TS, Woodgate RG, Peters A, Jenkins DJ. Revisiting cyst burden and risk factors for hepatic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto) in Australian beef cattle. Prev Vet Med 2019; 172:104791. [PMID: 31627165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics and risk factors associated with hepatic Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto infection (hydatid disease) were investigated in beef cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in eastern Australia. Sampled cattle were sourced from all eastern states, predominantly from regions associated with the Great Dividing Range. Livers and corresponding demographic data were collected from 601 carcasses. Livers were examined for the number, size, viability, and fertility of hydatid cysts. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to evaluate associations of sex, feed-type (grass- or grain-fed), and dentition (age) on hydatid disease. Hydatid cysts were detected in all dentition groups. The most commonly sampled dentition group was zero-tooth cattle (less than 18 months). Twenty-nine percent of infected livers had only one cyst, and 48% of infected livers contained viable cysts. Thirty-seven percent of infected livers had cysts that were 3-10 mm in diameter. The size and number of cysts were positively correlated with age of the animal. Regression analysis showed that the odds of hydatid disease were highest in eight-tooth cattle (>42 months; OR 26.9; 95% CI 11.8-61.6; reference level [ref] zero-tooth). Being grass-fed was also significantly associated with the presence of hydatid disease (total effect; OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.7-5.5; ref grain-fed). Although there was no evidence of a total effect of sex across the study population, males of a given dentition group and feed-type (grass- or grain-fed) were more likely to be infected than respective females. Despite changes in Australian agriculture in the last 30 years, the burden (number, size, and viability of cysts) of hydatid disease in individual infected animals remains similar to previous Australian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara S Wilson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Victoria J Brookes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Tamsin S Barnes
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Rob G Woodgate
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Andrew Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - David J Jenkins
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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30
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Fontes PL, Cooke RF, Oosthuizen N, Timlin CL, Dias NW, Currin JF, Clark S, Pohler KG, Lamb GC, Mercadante VR. Impacts of administering prostaglandin F2α analogue 24 h prior to progesterone insert removal on expression of estrus in beef females. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Domínguez-Muñoz MA, Guerra-Puga JA, Berrones-Morales HG, López-Zavala R, Salinas-Chavira J. Effects of body condition and supplementation on ovarian function, growth factors and response to estrus synchronization in postpartum beef cows in Tamaulipas, Mexico. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1648546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Domínguez-Muñoz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - José Armando Guerra-Puga
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Hossana Guadalupe Berrones-Morales
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Rigoberto López-Zavala
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Jaime Salinas-Chavira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
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Pennington PM, Marshall KL, Capiro JM, Felton RG, Durrant BS. Ovulation induction in anovulatory southern white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum simum) without altrenogest. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz033. [PMID: 31249689 PMCID: PMC6589769 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
All species in the extant Rhinocerotidae family are experiencing increased threats in the wild, making captive populations essential genetic reservoirs for species survival. However, managed species face distinct challenges in captivity, resulting in populations that are not self-sustaining. Captive southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) have low reproductive rates and presumed acyclicity is common among females. Although many females fail to ovulate, follicle growth may occur and ovulation can be hormonally induced. Female southern white rhino (n = 6), housed as a bachelorette group, were determined to be ovulatory (n = 1) or anovulatory (n = 5) by serial ultrasound and fecal progestagen analysis. When follicles reached pre-ovulatory size (~35 mm), females (n = 4) were induced to ovulate in 11 trials with a GnRH analog (4.5 mg, SucroMate™) via single intramuscular injection. Nine trials resulted in ovulation (81.8%), all between 36 and 48 hours post-treatment. Ovulations were confirmed by progestagen elevation above baseline coincident with visualization of a corpus luteum (CL). Luteal phases were characterized as short (<50 days) or long (≥50 days). Between short and long cycles, only the number of days of progestagen above baseline was significantly different (P < 0.05), while days with visible luteal structures was not significant (P = 0.11). Both cycle types were observed following both spontaneous and induced ovulations. Furthermore, we showed that longer cycle lengths do not necessarily indicate early pregnancy loss as none of the females were bred or inseminated during the study. While anovulation is common in the southern white rhino captive population, ovulation induction can be achieved efficiently and predictably for use in conjunction with artificial insemination or to facilitate natural breeding. This information will lead to more efficient use of assisted reproductive technologies to overcome reproductive challenges in this species and to generate genetically healthy captive populations as a hedge against extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker M Pennington
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido CA, USA
| | - Kira L Marshall
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido CA, USA
| | - Jonnie M Capiro
- Lead Keeper, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Rhino Rescue Center, Escondido CA, USA
| | - Rachel G Felton
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido CA, USA
| | - Barbara S Durrant
- Reproductive Sciences, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido CA, USA
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Pohler KG, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Timlin CL, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Impact of fetal vs. maternal contributions of Bos indicus and Bos taurus genetics on embryonic and fetal development1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1645-1655. [PMID: 30759199 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate how the inclusion of Bos indicus genotype influences early fetal development in cattle, a reciprocal embryo transfer approach was used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to generate 55 pregnancies over 2 consecutive years (n = 55). Recipient cows were randomly assigned to (i) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT) or (ii) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Angus (AN) and Brangus (BN) embryo donors were superovulated and artificially inseminated with female sexed-sorted semen from the same breed. Embryos were then randomly transferred to either AN or BN recipients fed their respective diets for 28 d. Recipients remained on the dietary scheme until day 91 of gestation and were then comingled and fed a common diet that met their energy requirements until calving. Measurements included pregnancy establishment at day 28 of gestation, interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) expression in peripheral blood leukocytes, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG; using two commercial [A1 and A2] and one in-house assay), and fetal crown-to-rump length (CRL). Recipients in the RESTR diet had lower BWs and BCS (diet × day; P < 0.01) than MAINT recipients. Energy-restricted AN recipients experienced greater (recipient breed × diet, P < 0.01) pregnancy failure by day 28 than the other recipient breed × diet combinations. Restricted recipients that received AN embryos experienced greater pregnancy failure than RESTR recipients receiving BN embryos (embryo breed × diet; P = 0.03). No relevant differences were observed in ISG expression (P > 0.10). Recipients that received BN embryos had greater plasma concentrations of PAG in both A1 (embryo breed × day, P < 0.01) and A2 (embryo breed; P < 0.01). Alternatively, recipients that received AN embryos had greater plasma concentrations of PAG for the in-house assay (embryo breed × day; P < 0.01). In addition, fetuses from AN recipients had greater CRL on day 91 (breed × day, P < 0.01). In summary, Bos taurus cows experienced greater pregnancy failure when nutrient restricted. Furthermore, fetal size and the profile of PAG production during early gestation differed between B. indicus-influenced and B. taurus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L P Fontes
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nicola Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Francine M Ciriaco
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Carla D Sanford
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Luara B Canal
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Darren D Henry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | | | - Claire L Timlin
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Resynchronisation as an Element of Improving Cattle Reproduction Efficiency. J Vet Res 2019; 63:107-115. [PMID: 30989142 PMCID: PMC6458552 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrus resynchronisation (RES, Resynch) programmes for non-pregnant cows allow shortening the period between an unsuccessful insemination and the next attempt on the same cow. The protocol of oestrus RES may be started after ruling out pregnancy by means of ultrasonography carried out 28 days after insemination or after performing a test for pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PAG) in blood or milk. The Resynch protocol can be based on a double application of prostaglandins, the OvSynch protocol, or hormonal therapy with exogenous sources of progesterone (CIDR intravaginal devices). The efficiency of the method depends on the functional state of the ovaries, the diameter of the corpus luteum, external factors, and the health and maturity of the cows. The present paper constitutes a comparison of research findings concerning the effectiveness of RES programmes.
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Scarpa JO, O'Neil MM, Cardoso RC, Stanko RL, Williams GL. Ovarian follicular and luteal characteristics in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows using prostaglandin F 2α with or without GnRH at the onset of the 5-day CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:1-9. [PMID: 30826249 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A modification of the standard 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR procedure (5-day Bee Synch + CIDR; Bee Synch), developed for use in Bos indicus-influenced cows, utilizes the addition of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Day 0 of the protocol to eliminate mature corpora lutea (CL) and fixed-time AI (FTAI) at 66 h. Objectives were to test the hypothesis that elimination of GnRH on Day 0 (GnRH-1) does not impact significantly the synchronized development of a dominant follicle for presumptive FTAI. Seventy-one estrous cycling Brangus and Brahman x Hereford suckled cows were used in two replicates (35-36/replicate). Following stratification, cows were assigned randomly to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments involving two truncated (no FTAI or GnRH-2) versions of Bee Synch (Bee Synch It and IIt), each begun 3, 7, and 10 days post-ovulation. Cows in Bee Synch It received 100 μg GnRH (GnRH-1), 25 mg PGF, and a CIDR on Day 0, whereas cows assigned to Bee Synch IIt received the same treatment but without GnRH-1. All cows received 50 mg PGF on Day 5 at CIDR removal. Synchronized new follicular wave emergence (NFWE; days 1-4) was observed in 68.6 and 38.9% of Bee Synch It and IIt, respectively (P = 0.01). This increased to 93.3% and 72.2%, respectively, if days 0-4 were considered. Inclusion of GnRH at CIDR insertion improved synchronized NFWE but size of the largest follicle at 66 h, the normal time of FTAI, did not differ due to treatment or day of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Scarpa
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville 78102, United States; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, United States
| | - M M O'Neil
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville 78102, United States; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, United States
| | - R C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, United States
| | - R L Stanko
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville 78102, United States; Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville 78363, United States
| | - G L Williams
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville 78102, United States; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, United States; Corresponding author at: Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville 78102, United States.
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Northrop EJ, Rich JJJ, Rhoades JR, Perry GA. Comparison of two bovine serum pregnancy tests in detection of artificial insemination pregnancies and pregnancy loss in beef cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211179. [PMID: 30673760 PMCID: PMC6344102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood tests for early detection of pregnancy in cattle based on pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are commercially available. The objective of these studies were to compare the accuracy of blood tests to transrectal ultrasonography in detecting AI pregnancies, and to compare the accuracy of blood tests in predicting pregnancy loss. Beef cattle from 6 herds were synchronized using a recommended CIDR based protocol (Study 1: n = 460; Study 2: n = 472). Pregnancy status was determined by transrectal ultrasonography between days 28–40 following AI, blood samples were collected at this time. In study 2 a final pregnancy determination was performed at the end of the breeding season to determine pregnancy loss. Each serum sample was examined for PAG concentrations using a microtiter plate reader and/or scored by two technicians blind to pregnancy status and pregnancy loss. For study 1 Cohen’s kappa statistics were calculated to assess the agreement between each test and transrectal ultrasonography. For study 2 data was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with herd as a random effect, and loss, age, and their interaction included in the model. Agreement was good to very good for each test. There was no difference (P = 0.79) in sensitivity, but a difference (P<0.01) in specificity of the assays (88%, 64%, 87%, 90%) and in the overall percent correct (93%, 84%, 93%, 93%). There was an effect of pregnancy loss (P = 0.04), age (P = 0.0002), and their interaction (P = 0.06) on PAG concentrations. In conclusion both pregnancy tests were accurate at detecting AI pregnancies, and were in very good agreement with transrectal ultrasonography. Both tests detected differences in PAGs among females that maintained and lost pregnancy; however, prediction proved to be difficult as most females were above the threshold and would have been considered pregnant on the day of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmalee J. Northrop
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - Jerica J. J. Rich
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - Jim R. Rhoades
- IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, United States of America
| | - George A. Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Monn RE, Poole RK, Mackey JC, Mayberry KJ, Dudley HB, Alley M, Poole DH. A two-injection prostaglandin F2α presynchronization treatment decreases pregnancy rates of cycling replacement beef heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:456-463. [PMID: 32704816 PMCID: PMC7200402 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in replacement heifers improves the genetic advancement within a herd. Heifers that have completed at least three estrous cycles prior to breeding have greater pregnancy rates compared to acyclic females. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a presynchronization treatment program consisting of two injections of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) prior to the start of the CO-Synch + 5 d CIDR protocol would initiate earlier attainment of puberty and more estrous cycles prior to AI, thus increasing AI pregnancy rates. All heifers were managed the same at two locations over the course of 2 yr. Heifers were randomly assigned to receive either the two-injection PGF2α presynchronization treatment (PreSynch; n = 105) or no presynchronization (Control; n = 106) prior to the start of estrous synchronization. On the first day of the trial, reproductive tract scores (RTSs), pelvic areas, body condition scores, and weights were collected on all heifers. All heifers were synchronized with the CO-Synch + 5 d CIDR protocol and fixed-time artificially inseminated with semen from a bull of known fertility. Blood samples were collected three consecutive times at 7 d intervals starting 45 d prior to estrous synchronization to determine the onset of puberty via analyzing progesterone concentrations. Pregnancy status to AI was assessed using ultrasonography diagnosis at approximately 30 and 60 d post insemination. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and reported as least square mean. The PreSynch treatment decreased AI pregnancy rates (52.2% vs. 38.1 ± 6.3% for Control vs. PreSynch, respectively; P = 0.06) and did not result in earlier attainment of puberty in beef heifers (P > 0.05). The PreSynch treatment did not impact pregnancy rates in heifers with an RTS of 3 or 4 (P > 0.05). However, PreSynch heifers with an RTS of 5 had decreased pregnancy rates (68.3% vs. 46.9 ± 10.1% for Control vs. PreSynch, respectively; P < 0.05). Finally, PreSynch heifers with increased body condition of 6 had decreased pregnancy rates when compared to Control heifers (37.5% vs. 62.5 ± 11.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). On the basis of these data, implementation of heifer breeding soundness examination at least 3 wk prior to the start of the breeding season may be beneficial for selecting replacement females; however, presynchronization with prostaglandins immediately prior to estrous synchronization will negatively affect AI pregnancy rates in cycling pubertal heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Monn
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Rebecca K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Kyle J Mayberry
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Harrison B Dudley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Daniel H Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Optimizing timed AI protocols for Angus beef heifers: Comparison of induction of synchronized ovulation with estradiol cypionate or GnRH. Theriogenology 2018; 121:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morotti F, de Campos JT, Lunardelli PA, Costa CB, Bergamo LZ, Barreiros TRR, Dos Santos GMG, Seneda MM. Injectable progesterone in timed artificial insemination programs in beef cows. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:17-22. [PMID: 33365090 PMCID: PMC7746219 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-2017-ar928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were I) to compare the follicular diameter, corpus luteum diameter and
serum progesterone (P4) concentrations in cows treated with conventional protocol
vs. injectable P4 protocol; II) to determine the serum P4 profile in ovariectomized
heifers; and III) to compare pregnancy rate between protocols. In experiment I, multiparous
cows received a protocol for ovulation synchronization with an intravaginal P4 device (n
= 38; device + EB day 0; device removal + PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8) or injectable P4 (n = 38;
injection + EB day 0; PGF2α + eCG + EC day 8). In experiment II, ovariectomized heifers
(n = 8) were treated with injectable P4 and blood samples were collected to determine the serum
P4 profile. In experiment III, multiparous cows were timed AI with two different P4 approaches,
intravaginal P4 device (n = 48) or injectable P4 (n = 47). In the first experiment, cows treated
with P4 device had higher (P < 0.05) diameter of dominant follicle after ovulation induction
(11.6 ± 1.8 vs.10.3 ± 1.8 mm) and ovulation rate (97%, 37/38
vs. 47.3%, 18/38) than cows treated with injectable P4. But, the follicular
growth daily was higher (P < 0.05) in cows treated with injectable P4 than intravaginal
device (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mm/day, respectively).
In experiment II, the P4 concentration peak occurred within 48 hours (6.54 ng/mL) and decreased
after 96 hours (P < 0.05) after P4 injection. In experiment III, cows with P4 device had higher
(P < 0.05) pregnancy rate than the injectable P4 group (60.4 vs. 34.0%,
respectively). These results demonstrate that although the intravaginal P4 devices showed
a higher pregnancy rate, a protocol with injectable P4 represents an easier method and a promising
alternative for TAI in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Morotti
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, University of Londrina, Parana,
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Rodrigues AD, Cooke RF, Cipriano RS, Silva LGT, Cerri RLA, Cruppe LH, Meneghetti M, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Impacts of estrus expression and intensity during a timed-AI protocol on variables associated with fertility and pregnancy success in Bos indicus-influenced beef cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:236-249. [PMID: 29408965 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of estrus expression and intensity, estimated by physical activity during a timed-AI protocol, on reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef cows. A total of 290 lactating, primiparous, and multiparous nonpregnant Nelore × Angus cows received a 2 mg injection of estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone (P4) releasing device (CIDR) on d -11, a 12.5 mg injection of PGF2α on d -4, CIDR removal in addition to 0.6 mg injection of estradiol cypionate and 300 IU injection of eCG on d -2, and timed-AI on d 0. Cows were fitted with a pedometer behind their left shoulder on d -4. An estrus detection patch was attached to the tail-head of each cow on d -2. Pedometer results were recorded on d -2 and 0. Estrus expression was defined as removal of >50% of the rub-off coating from the patch on d 0. Net physical activity during estrus was calculated by subtracting total steps from d -4 to -2 (nonestrus basal activity) from total steps from d -2 to 0 (proestrus + estrus period) of each cow. Cows that did not express estrus were classified as NOESTR. Cows that expressed estrus were ranked by net physical activity; those above the median were classified as HIESTR and the remaining cows as LWESTR. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed on d 0 and 7. Blood was collected on d 0, 7, 20, and 30. Pregnancy status was verified by ultrasonography on d 30. Only data from cows responsive to the estrus synchronization protocol were utilized (NOESTR, n = 59; LWESTR, n = 100; HIESTR, n = 98). Diameter of dominant follicle on d 0, corpus luteum volume on d 7, and plasma P4 concentrations on d 7 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in HIESTR vs. LWESTR and NOESTR and also greater (P ≤ 0.05) for LWESTR vs. NOESTR. Plasma P4 concentrations on d 0 were greater (P < 0.01) in NOESTR vs. HIESTR and LWESTR and similar (P = 0.93) between HIESTR and LWESTR. Whole blood mRNA expression of myxovirus resistance 2 on d 20 was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in HIESTR vs. LWESTR and NOESTR, and similar (P = 0.72) between LWESTR and NOESTR. Pregnancy rates were less (P ≤ 0.04) in NOESTR vs. HIESTR and LWESTR (52.4%, 68.9%, and 73.5%, SEM = 7.2), and similar (P = 0.57) between HIESTR and LWESTR. Hence, expression of estrus during a timed-AI protocol improved ovarian dynamics and pregnancy success, whereas estrus intensity modulated key biological markers associated with fertility but not pregnancy rates in B. indicus-influenced cows beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - R S Cipriano
- Unisalesiano Auxilium, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G T Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Graaff W, Grimard B. Progesterone-releasing devices for cattle estrus induction and synchronization: Device optimization to anticipate shorter treatment durations and new device developments. Theriogenology 2018; 112:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Funakura H, Shiki A, Tsubakishita Y, Mido S, Katamoto H, Kitahara G, Osawa T. Validation of a novel timed artificial insemination protocol in beef cows with a functional corpus luteum detected by ultrasonography. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:109-115. [PMID: 29311520 PMCID: PMC5902898 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the feasibility of a novel timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol using ultrasonography, and to determine the associations between the ovarian component and fertility. In Experiment 1, 272 Japanese Black cows with a corpus luteum (CL) ≥ 18 mm in diameter were divided randomly into either the TRT group (134 cows that were administered gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] 56 h [day 2] after prostaglandin F2α [PGF] administration [day 0], followed by TAI 16-20 h later) or the CN-1 group (138 cows that were administered PGF followed by AI after estrus detection). In addition, the CN-2 group was designated for 306 cows given PGF and inseminated after estrus detection in the past two years at the same farms. In Experiment 2, 38 cows had the same treatment as the TRT group, and the sizes of follicles and CL were video-recorded on days 0 and 2. In Experiment 1, the AI and ovulation synchronization rates were higher in the TRT group than those in the CN-1 group (100 vs. 87.0% and 89.2 vs. 33.3%, respectively) (P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate in the TRT group (60.4%) was higher than that in the CN-2 group (45.1%) (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, cows with a larger CL diameter and greater CL volume on day 0 had a higher pregnancy outcome (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this protocol was effective for improving pregnancy rates in beef herds, and fertility was associated with the CL size at the time of PGF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Funakura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Ishigaki Bovine Hospital, Okinawa 907-0024, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shiki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsubakishita
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shogo Mido
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Katamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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43
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Moriel P, Lancaster P, Lamb GC, Vendramini JMB, Arthington JD. Effects of post-weaning growth rate and puberty induction protocol on reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3523-3531. [PMID: 28805911 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-yr study evaluated the effectiveness of puberty induction using exogenous reproductive hormones in beef heifers undergoing different post-weaning growth rates. On d 0 of each year, grazing Angus × Brahman heifers (60 heifers/yr) were stratified by initial BW and age (BW = 253 ± 30 kg; age = 310 ± 18 d), and randomly assigned, in a 3 × 2 factorial design, to achieve a low (LOW; 0.45 kg/d), medium (MED; 0.73 kg/d), or high (HIGH; 1.00 kg/d) growth rate from d 0 to 168 (5 heifers/pasture; 4 pastures/growth rate/yr). Dietary supplements were offered 3 times weekly (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) at 0800 h to provide 1.8, 2.9, and 4.4 kg of supplement DM per heifer daily from d 0 to 168. On d 0 of each year, 2 pastures/growth rate treatment were randomly assigned to receive (SYNC) or not (NOSYNC) a puberty induction protocol, which consisted of intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insertion on d 65, CIDR removal on d 72, followed by 100-µg i.m. injection of GnRH on d 74, and 25-mg i.m. injection of PGF on d 84. Immediately after the puberty induction protocol, all heifers were grouped by growth rate treatment (1 group/growth rate/yr) into a single pasture and exposed to yearling Angus × Brahman bulls from d 84 to 168 (1 bull/group/yr). Interactions among growth rate and puberty induction protocol were not detected for any variable ( ≥ 0.26). Overall heifer ADG achieved only 51 to 56% of targeted ADG, and percentage of mature BW on d 84 did not differ between MED and HIGH heifers ( = 0.30), but both were heavier than LOW heifers ( < 0.01). Percentage of pubertal heifers on d 84 was greater for MED and HIGH vs. LOW heifers ( ≤ 0.05), whereas puberty induction protocol increased puberty attainment on d 84 ( < 0.01). Overall pregnancy and calving percentages after first breeding season were not affected by growth rate or puberty induction protocol ( ≥ 0.25). However, heifers calved 11 d earlier when enrolled in the puberty induction protocol ( = 0.02). In summary, puberty induction and HIGH and MED growth rates resulted in earlier attainment of puberty and pregnancy in -influenced beef heifers. However, neither growth rate or puberty induction impacted overall heifer pregnancy and calving rates on their first breeding season.
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Schmitz W, Kramer M, Erhardt G, Gauly M, Driancourt MA, Holtz W. Pregnancy rate after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows subjected to a cosynch protocol with either buserelin or hCG as ovulation inducing agent. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of melengestrol acetate supplementation after fixed-timed artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of Bos indicus beef cows. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kajaysri J, Chumchoung C, Wutthiwitthayaphong S, Suthikrai W, Sangkamanee P. Comparison of estrus synchronization by controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) and adhesive transdermal progestin patch in postpartum beef cows. Theriogenology 2017; 100:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wijma R, Stangaferro ML, Masello M, Elmetwally MA, Granados GE, Amovilli F, Giordano JO. Intravaginal instillation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues with an absorption enhancer induced a surge of luteinizing hormone in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7626-7637. [PMID: 28711266 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate circulating LH concentrations after intravaginal (IVG) instillation of GnRH analogs in lactating dairy cows. In 2 experiments, lactating Holstein cows (experiment 1: n = 32; experiment 2: n = 47) received the experimental treatments 48 h after the first of 2 PGF2α treatments given 12 h apart and 7 d after a modified Ovsynch protocol (GnRH at -7 d, PGF2α at -24 h, PGF2α at -56 h, GnRH at 0 h). In experiment 1, cows were stratified by parity and randomly allocated to receive the following treatments: 2 mL of saline IVG (SAL, n = 6), 100 µg of gonadorelin (Gon) i.m. (G100-IM, n = 5), and 100 (G100, n = 7), 500 (G500, n = 8), or 1,000 µg of Gon IVG (G1000, n = 7). In experiment 2, treatments were SAL (n = 8), G100-IM (n = 8), G1000 (n = 7), 1,000 µg of Gon plus 10% citric acid (CA) IVG (G1000CA, n = 8), 80 µg of buserelin IVG (B80, n = 8), and 80 µg of buserelin plus 10% CA IVG (B80CA, n = 8). In both experiments, blood was collected every 15 min from -15 min to 4 h, and every 30 min from 4 to 6 h after treatment. Data for area under the curve (AUC), mean LH concentrations, and time to maximum LH concentration were analyzed by ANOVA with (mean LH only) or without repeated measures using PROC MIXED of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The proportion of cows with a surge of LH was evaluated with Fisher's exact test using PROC FREQ of SAS. In both experiments, LH concentrations were affected by treatment, time, and the treatment by time interaction. In experiment 1, the AUC for LH and maximum LH concentration were greatest for the G100-IM treatment and were greater for the G1000 than for the SAL and G500 treatments. The proportion of cows with an observed surge of LH was 100 and 0% for cows that received Gon i.m. and IVG, respectively. In experiment 2, the AUC and maximum LH concentrations were greater for the G100-IM, G1000CA, and B80CA treatments than for the other IVG treatments. The proportion of cows with a surge of LH differed by treatment (SAL = 0%, G100-IM = 100%, G1000 = 14%, G1000CA = 88%, B80 = 13%, and B80CA = 100%). For the treatments with a surge of LH, time to maximum concentration of LH was the shortest for the G100-IM treatment, intermediate for the G1000CA treatment, and the longest for cows in the B80CA treatment. In conclusion, Gon (up to 1,000 µg) absorption through intact vaginal epithelium after a single IVG instillation was insufficient to elicit a surge of LH of normal magnitude. Conversely, IVG instillation of 1,000 µg of Gon and 80 µg of buserelin with the addition of citric acid as absorption enhancer resulted in a surge of LH of similar characteristics than that induced after i.m. injection of 100 µg of Gon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wijma
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M L Stangaferro
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M Masello
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M A Elmetwally
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - G E Granados
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - F Amovilli
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Richardson BN, Larimore EL, Walker JA, Utt MD, DeJarnette JM, Perry GA. Comparison of fertility of liquid or frozen semen when varying the interval from CIDR removal to insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pickworth CL, Bell LM, Greene W, Whisnant CS, Poole DH. Site of PGF 2α injection does not alter effectiveness of the Select Synch + controlled internal drug release and timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2017; 87:161-166. [PMID: 27658746 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Beef Quality Assurance programs have contributed to significant improvements in the wholesomeness of beef available for consumption. Injection site blemishes in the round have declined since the promotion of administering intramuscular injections in the neck. Unfortunately, many producers continue to administer estrus synchronization (ES) drugs in the rump. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of injection site of PGF2α, in ES protocols, on steroid hormone concentrations and pregnancy rates. A Select Synch + 7-day controlled internal drug release ES protocol was conducted with the site of PGF2α injection alternated between neck and rump in beef cattle (n = 312) at the Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute and North Carolina State University. Blood samples (n = 75) were collected at controlled internal drug release insertion and at the time of artificial insemination (AI) to determine if progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) concentrations varied due to PGF2α injection site. All cattle were confirmed pregnant by ultrasonography at approximately 30 and 90 days after insemination in North Carolina and approximately 70 days after insemination in Ohio. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block designs in PROC GLIMMIX with animal as the experimental unit. Differences were declared significant at P < 0.05. Site of PGF2α injection, in either the neck or rump, did not affect (P > 0.05) overall conception rates in response to AI (58.4% and 55.6%, respectively). Altering PGF2α injection site did not impact P4, E2 concentrations, or the P4:E2 ratio at AI (P > 0.05). However, cattle inseminated after displaying estrus had greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates than timed AI (67.8 vs. 47.5%, respectively). First service conception rates and pregnancy rates were consistent with previous reports. Overall, altering the location of the PGF2α injection during ES did not change circulating hormone concentrations at AI or pregnancy rates; therefore, cattle producers should follow Beef Quality Assurance guidelines when administering ES protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Pickworth
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - L M Bell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - W Greene
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - C S Whisnant
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - D H Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Stevenson J, Lamb G. Contrasting effects of progesterone on fertility of dairy and beef cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5951-5964. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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