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Bonamy M, de Iraola JJ, Prando AJ, Baldo A, Giovambattista G, Rogberg-Muñoz A. Application of longitudinal data analysis allows to detect differences in pre-breeding growing curves of 24-month calving Angus heifers under two pasture-based systems with differential puberty onset. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:714-720. [PMID: 31597200 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal data analysis contributes to detect differences in the growing curve by exploiting all the information involved in repeated measurements, allowing to distinguish changes over time within individuals, from differences in the baseline levels among groups. In this research, longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis were compared to evaluate differences in growth in Angus heifers under two different grazing conditions, ad libitum (AG) and controlled (CG) to gain 0.5 kg day-1 . RESULTS Longitudinal mixed models show differences in growing curve parameters between grazing conditions, that were not detected by cross-sectional analysis. Differences (P < 0.05) in first derivative of growth curves (daily gain) until 289 days were observed between treatments, AG being higher than CG. Correspondingly, pubertal heifer proportion was also higher in AG at the end of rearing (AG, 0.94; CG, 0.67). CONCLUSION In longitudinal studies, the power to detect differences between groups increases by exploiting the whole information of repeated measures, modelling the relation between measurements performed on the same individual. Under a proper analysis, valid conclusion can be drawn with fewer animals in the trial, improving animal welfare and reducing investigation costs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Bonamy
- Cátedra de Producción de Bovinos, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta J de Iraola
- Cátedra de Producción de Bovinos, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alberto J Prando
- Cátedra de Producción de Bovinos, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Baldo
- Cátedra de Producción de Bovinos, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Rogberg-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLP, IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Silva S. Use of ultrasonographic examination for in vivo evaluation of body composition and for prediction of carcass quality of sheep. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lazar C, Gras M, Pelmus R, Rotar C, Ghita E, Burlacu R. Estimation of meat amount by non-linear multiple regression equations using in vivo and carcass measurements on Teleorman Black Head lambs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/67919/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choy YH, Mahboob A, Cho CI, Choi JG, Choi IS, Choi TJ, Cho KH, Park BH. Genetic Parameters of Pre-adjusted Body Weight Growth and Ultrasound Measures of Body Tissue Development in Three Seedstock Pig Breed Populations in Korea. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1696-702. [PMID: 26580436 PMCID: PMC4647077 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability (h2) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The h2 estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The h2 for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations (rG) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (−0.29 to −0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (−0.16 to −0.26). BF had strong rG with RCP (−0.87 to −0.93). Moderately positive rG existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the rG between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The rG between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the rG between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ho Choy
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Alam Mahboob
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Chung Il Cho
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Choi
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Im Soo Choi
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Tae Jeong Choi
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cho
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
| | - Byoung Ho Park
- Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-811, Korea
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Scholz AM, Bünger L, Kongsro J, Baulain U, Mitchell AD. Non-invasive methods for the determination of body and carcass composition in livestock: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound: invited review. Animal 2015; 9:1250-64. [PMID: 25743562 PMCID: PMC4492221 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure body or carcass composition is important for performance testing, grading and finally selection or payment of meat-producing animals. Advances especially in non-invasive techniques are mainly based on the development of electronic and computer-driven methods in order to provide objective phenotypic data. The preference for a specific technique depends on the target animal species or carcass, combined with technical and practical aspects such as accuracy, reliability, cost, portability, speed, ease of use, safety and for in vivo measurements the need for fixation or sedation. The techniques rely on specific device-driven signals, which interact with tissues in the body or carcass at the atomic or molecular level, resulting in secondary or attenuated signals detected by the instruments and analyzed quantitatively. The electromagnetic signal produced by the instrument may originate from mechanical energy such as sound waves (ultrasound - US), 'photon' radiation (X-ray-computed tomography - CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) or radio frequency waves (magnetic resonance imaging - MRI). The signals detected by the corresponding instruments are processed to measure, for example, tissue depths, areas, volumes or distributions of fat, muscle (water, protein) and partly bone or bone mineral. Among the above techniques, CT is the most accurate one followed by MRI and DXA, whereas US can be used for all sizes of farm animal species even under field conditions. CT, MRI and US can provide volume data, whereas only DXA delivers immediate whole-body composition results without (2D) image manipulation. A combination of simple US and more expensive CT, MRI or DXA might be applied for farm animal selection programs in a stepwise approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Scholz
- Livestock Center Oberschleißheim,
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich,
Sankt-Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764
Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - L. Bünger
- SRUC, Animal and Veterinary Sciences,
Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush,
Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG,
UK
| | - J. Kongsro
- Norsvin, Department of Animal and Aquacultural
Sciences, c/o Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås,
Norway
| | - U. Baulain
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystr.10,
31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - A. D. Mitchell
- Agricultural Research Service (Retired), US Department of
Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-West,
Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Duckett SK, Volpi-Lagreca G, Alende M, Long NM. Palmitoleic acid reduces intramuscular lipid and restores insulin sensitivity in obese sheep. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7:553-63. [PMID: 25429233 PMCID: PMC4243576 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s72695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese sheep were used to assess the effects of palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9) acid infusion on lipogenesis and circulating insulin levels. Infusion of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day C16:1 intravenously in obese sheep reduced (P<0.01) weight gain by 77%. Serum palmitoleic levels increased (P<0.05) in a linear manner with increasing levels of C16:1 infusion. Cis-11 vaccenic (C18:1 cis-11) acid, a known elongation product of palmitoleic acid, was also elevated (P<0.05) in serum after 14 days and 21 days of infusion. Plasma insulin levels were lower (P<0.05) (10 mg/kg BW/day C16:1) than controls (0 mg/kg BW/day C16:1) at 14 days and 28 days of infusion. Infusion of C16:1 resulted in linear increases in tissue concentrations of palmitoleic, cis-11 vaccenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids in a dose-dependent manner. Total lipid content of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle and mesenteric adipose tissue was reduced (P<0.01) in both 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BW C16:1 dose levels. Total lipid content and mean adipocyte size in the longissimus muscle was reduced (P<0.05) in the 10 mg/kg BW C16:1 dose level only, whereas total lipid content and adipocyte size of the subcutaneous adipose tissue was not altered. Total lipid content of the liver was also unchanged with C16:1 infusion. Palmitoleic acid infusion upregulated (P<0.05) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid elongase-6 (ELOVL6), and Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit, transcript variant 1 (AMPK) mRNA expressions in liver, subcutaneous adipose, and ST muscle compared to the controls. However, mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT1B) differed between tissues. In the subcutaneous adipose and liver, C16:1 infusion upregulated (P<0.05) GLUT4 and CPT1B, whereas these genes were downregulated (P<0.05) in ST muscle with C16:1 infusion. These results show that C16:1 infusion for 28 days reduced weight gain, intramuscular adipocyte size and total lipid content, and circulating insulin levels. These changes appear to be mediated through alterations in expression of genes regulating glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation specifically in the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Duckett
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Correspondence: Susan K Duckett, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, 145 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA, Tel +1 864 656 5151, Email
| | | | - Mariano Alende
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Nathan M Long
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Esquivelzeta C, Casellas J, Fina M, Piedrafita J. Backfat thickness and longissimus dorsi real-time ultrasound measurements in light lambs. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:5047-55. [PMID: 23100597 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound measurements for predicting carcass traits in 124 Spanish pascual-type lambs (13 to 16 kg carcass weight). Ultrasound images were taken transversal and longitudinal to the vertebral column and at thoracic (TV; between 12th and 13th ribs) and lumbar (LV; between first and second lumbar vertebrae) locations. Skin thickness, subcutaneous backfat thickness (BFT), and depth (DLD), width (WLD), and area (ALD) of longissimus dorsi were obtained with ImageJ 1.42q software. After slaughter, BFT (TV, 2.30 ± 0.06 mm; LV, 2.46 ± 0.06 mm), DLD (TV, 2.47 ± 0.03 cm; LV, 2.48 ± 0.03 cm), WLD (TV, 4.50 ± 0.04 cm; LV, 4.60 ± 0.04 cm), and ALD (TV, 9.96 ± 0.12 cm(2); LV, 10.19 ± 0.13 cm(2)) were directly measured on the lamb carcass. Correlations between ultrasound and direct carcass measurements were greater than 0.61 for DLD, WLD, and ALD (P < 0.05) whereas they fluctuated between 0.32 and 0.60 for BFT (P < 0.05); moreover, correlations were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for transversal than for longitudinal views. In a similar way, linear regression analyses suggested a moderate underestimation for BFT and lumbar DLD when using real-time ultrasound technologies whereas WLD, ALD, and thoracic DLD suffered from under- and overestimation for small and large values of carcass traits, respectively. After decomposing the mean square prediction error (MSPE) for the different ultrasound measurements, we found that the error due to disturbance contributed most to the MSPE followed by the error of central tendency and the error due to regression. The SE of prediction (SEP) was also calculated as an additional precision indicator, obtaining estimates less than that in previous studies with larger lambs. In conclusion, transversal ultrasound measurements at the thoracic and lumbar levels could be a useful tool for predicting DLD, WLD, and ALD in light lambs, perhaps suffering from worse prediction properties when focusing on BFT. This information could be of special relevance for light lamb producers worldwide, with a special emphasis in the Mediterranean basin where this kind of production system accounts for a large percentage of the sheep industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Esquivelzeta
- Grup de Recerca en Remugants, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Notter DR, Leeds TD, Mousel MR, Taylor JB, Kirschten DP, Lewis GS. Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: II. Postweaning growth and ultrasonic measures of composition for lambs fed a high-energy feedlot diet. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2941-52. [PMID: 22408090 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 3 yr, postweaning growth patterns and changes in ultrasonic measurements of fat depth (FD) and LM area were assessed for 1,049 crossbred ewe and wether lambs (Ovis aries) produced by mating adult Rambouillet ewes to 1 of 22 Columbia, 22 USMARC-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, or 17 Texel rams and raised to weaning under extensive Western rangeland conditions. After weaning, lambs were transitioned to a high-energy finishing diet in a feedlot, weighed weekly for 13 to 16 wk, and scanned using ultrasound at 2-wk intervals to estimate FD and LM area between the 12th and 13th ribs. Lambs sired by Suffolk rams were 5 to 12% heavier (P < 0.05) at start of test, grew 14 to 22% faster (P < 0.001), and were correspondingly 7 to 14% heavier (P < 0.001) after 90 d on test than lambs sired by rams of the other 3 breeds. At this time, lambs sired by Texel rams were 5% lighter (P < 0.01) than Columbia- or Composite-sired lambs, which did not differ (P > 0.20). Columbia-sired lambs had less FD (8.9 mm) but smaller LM areas (15.6 cm(2)) at 90 d on test (both P < 0.01) than lambs sired by rams of the other breeds (average of 9.8 mm for FD and 16.6 cm(2) for LM area), which did not differ for either measurement at this time. At 60 kg, predicted FD differed among sire breeds (P < 0.001) and were similar for Suffolk- (7.6 mm) and Columbia-sired (7.9 mm) lambs, intermediate for Composite-sired lambs (9.1 mm), and largest for Texel-sired (10.1 mm) lambs. At a BW of 60 kg, LM area differed between all pairs of sire breeds (P < 0.05), and was largest for Texel-sired lambs (16.7 cm(2)), followed by Composite-, Suffolk-, and Columbia-sired lambs (15.7, 14.8, and 14.5 cm(2), respectively). At a predicted FD of 9.1 mm (the boundary between U.S. Yield Grades 3 and 4), the predicted LM area for Suffolk-sired lambs (16.2 cm(2)) was similar (P > 0.10) to that of Texel-sired lambs (16.0 cm(2)) and superior (P < 0.01) to that of Composite- (15.7 cm(2)) and Columbia-sired lambs (15.4 cm(2)). Lambs sired by Suffolk rams were thus equal or superior to lambs sired by the other 3 breeds in growth, FD, and LM area at comparable ages, fatness at 60 kg, and LM area at a FD of 9.1 mm, but inferior in LM area to Texel- and Composite-sired lambs at comparable BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
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