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Gao M, Wang X, Su S, Feng W, Lai Y, Huang K, Cao D, Wang Q. Meningeal lymphatic vessel crosstalk with central nervous system immune cells in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:763-778. [PMID: 38886941 PMCID: PMC11433890 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels form a relationship between the nervous system and periphery, which is relevant in both health and disease. Meningeal lymphatic vessels not only play a key role in the drainage of brain metabolites but also contribute to antigen delivery and immune cell activation. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of myeloid and lymphoid cells and their interactions with meningeal lymphatic vessels within the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels within the context of the central nervous system immune network, highlighting recent discoveries on the immunological niche provided by meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms of crosstalk between meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells in the central nervous system under both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, discussing how these interactions shape the pathological outcomes. Regulation of meningeal lymphatic vessel function and structure can influence lymphatic drainage, cerebrospinal fluid-borne immune modulators, and immune cell populations in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby playing a key role in shaping meningeal and brain parenchyma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weicheng Feng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaona Lai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongli Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Gao W, Kim MW, Dykstra T, Du S, Boskovic P, Lichti CF, Ruiz-Cardozo MA, Gu X, Weizman Shapira T, Rustenhoven J, Molina C, Smirnov I, Merbl Y, Ray WZ, Kipnis J. Engineered T cell therapy for central nervous system injury. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07906-y. [PMID: 39232158 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) afflict millions of individuals worldwide1, yet an effective treatment remains elusive. Following such injuries, the site is populated by a multitude of peripheral immune cells, including T cells, but a comprehensive understanding of the roles and antigen specificity of these endogenous T cells at the injury site has been lacking. This gap has impeded the development of immune-mediated cellular therapies for CNS injuries. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated the clonal expansion of mouse and human spinal cord injury-associated T cells and identified that CD4+ T cell clones in mice exhibit antigen specificity towards self-peptides of myelin and neuronal proteins. Leveraging mRNA-based T cell receptor (TCR) reconstitution, a strategy aimed to minimize potential adverse effects from prolonged activation of self-reactive T cells, we generated engineered transiently autoimmune T cells. These cells demonstrated notable neuroprotective efficacy in CNS injury models, in part by modulating myeloid cells via IFNγ. Our findings elucidate mechanistic insight underlying the neuroprotective function of injury-responsive T cells and pave the way for the future development of T cell therapies for CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Gao
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miguel A Ruiz-Cardozo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xingxing Gu
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tal Weizman Shapira
- Systems Immunology Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Camilo Molina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Systems Immunology Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Zhu L, Wang F, Xing J, Hu X, Gou X, Li J, Pang R, Zhang A. Modulatory effects of gut microbiota on innate and adaptive immune responses following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114866. [PMID: 38876194 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a highly debilitating trauma to the central nervous system, currently lacking effective therapeutic strategies. The cascade of inflammatory responses induced by secondary damage following SCI disrupts the local immune environment at the injury site, ultimately exacerbating functional impairments post-injury. With advancing research on the gut-brain axis, evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota post-SCI amplifies inflammatory responses and plays a pivotal role in modulating post-injury immune-inflammatory responses. In this review article, we will explore the significant role of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products in modulating the responses of central and peripheral immune cells post-SCI, as well as their potential as therapeutic interventions for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Xing
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Gou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Xu H, Zhao X, Luo J. Combination of tumor antigen drainage and immune activation to promote a cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:275. [PMID: 38907858 PMCID: PMC11335198 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
While conventional cancer modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, act through direct killing of tumor cells, cancer immunotherapy elicits potent anti-tumor immune responses thereby eliminating tumors. Nevertheless, promising outcomes have not been reported in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) likely due to the immune privileged status of the central nervous system and immunosuppressive micro-environment within GBM. In the past years, several exciting findings, such as the re-discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs), three-dimensional anatomical reconstruction of MLV networks, and the demonstration of the promotion of GBM immunosurveillance by lymphatic drainage enhancement, have revealed an intricate communication between the nervous and immune systems, and brought hope for the development of new GBM treatment. Based on conceptual framework of the updated cancer-immunity (CI) cycle, here we focus on GBM antigen drainage and immune activation, the early events in driving the CI cycle. We also discuss the implications of these findings for developing new therapeutic approaches in tackling fatal GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jincai Luo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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5
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Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360242. [PMID: 38650657 PMCID: PMC11033448 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a key regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and in disease. Importantly, improved understanding of immune contributions to mood disorders has provided novel opportunities for the treatment of debilitating stress-related mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the impact to, and involvement of, B lymphocytes in the response to stress is not well-understood, leaving a fundamental gap in our knowledge underlying the immune theory of depression. Several emerging clinical and preclinical findings highlight pronounced consequences for B cells in stress and MDD and may indicate key roles for B cells in modulating mood. This review will describe the clinical and foundational observations implicating B cell-psychological stress interactions, discuss potential mechanisms by which B cells may impact brain function in the context of stress and mood disorders, describe research tools that support the investigation of their neurobiological impacts, and highlight remaining research questions. The goal here is for this discussion to illuminate both the scope and limitations of our current understanding regarding the role of B cells, stress, mood, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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6
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Gonuguntla S, Herz J. Unraveling the lymphatic system in the spinal cord meninges: a critical element in protecting the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:366. [PMID: 37985518 PMCID: PMC11072229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature plays a crucial role in fluid clearance and immune responses in peripheral organs by connecting them to distal lymph nodes. Recently, attention has been drawn to the lymphatic vessel network surrounding the brain's border tissue (Aspelund et al. in J Exp Med 212:991-999, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20142290 ; Louveau et al. in Nat Neurosci 21:1380-1391, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0227-9 ), which guides immune cells in mediating protection against tumors (Song et al. in Nature 577:689-694, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1912-x ) and pathogens Li et al. (Nat Neurosci 25:577-587, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01063-z ) while also contributing to autoimmunity (Louveau et al. 2018) and neurodegeneration (Da Mesquita et al. in Nature 560:185-191, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0368-8 ). New studies have highlighted the integral involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in neuropathology. However, our limited understanding of spinal cord meningeal lymphatics and immunity hinders efforts to protect and heal the spinal cord from infections, injury, and other immune-mediated diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of spinal cord meningeal immunity, highlighting its unique immunologically relevant anatomy, discussing immune cells and lymphatic vasculature, and exploring the potential impact of injuries and inflammatory disorders on this intricate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharsha Gonuguntla
- Division of Immunobiology, Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jasmin Herz
- Division of Immunobiology, Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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7
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Li X, Armon C, Barkhaus P, Barnes B, Benatar M, Bertorini T, Bromberg M, Carter GT, Crayle J, Cudkowicz M, Dimachkie M, Feldman EL, Glass J, Goslinga J, Heiman-Patterson T, Jhooty S, Lichtenstein R, Lund I, Mcdermott C, Pattee G, Pierce K, Ratner D, Salmon K, Wicks P, Bedlack R. ALSUntangled #67: rituximab. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:544-547. [PMID: 36106861 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off-label treatments on behalf of people with ALS who ask about them. Here we review rituximab, a drug which specifically depletes B lymphocytes. We show a current lack of evidence for a role of these cells in ALS progression. The one patient we found who described using Rituximab for their ALS found no benefit. Given all this, and the known serious risks of rituximab, we advise against its use as an ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carmel Armon
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin Barnes
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulio Bertorini
- Neurology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Rehabilitation, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Crayle
- Neurology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazen Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jill Goslinga
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sartaj Jhooty
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Lichtenstein
- Avram and Stella Goren-Goldstein Biotechnology Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Isaac Lund
- Undergraduate, Green Hope High School, Cary, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary Pattee
- Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dylan Ratner
- Undergraduate, Longmeadow High School, Longmeadow, MA, USA
| | - Kristiana Salmon
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, CA and
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Ho NJ, Chen X, Lei Y, Gu S. Decoding hereditary spastic paraplegia pathogenicity through transcriptomic profiling. Zool Res 2023; 44:650-662. [PMID: 37161652 PMCID: PMC10236304 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of genetic motor neuron diseases resulting from length-dependent axonal degeneration of the corticospinal upper motor neurons. Due to the advancement of next-generation sequencing, more than 70 novel HSP disease-causing genes have been identified in the past decade. Despite this, our understanding of HSP physiopathology and the development of efficient management and treatment strategies remain poor. One major challenge in studying HSP pathogenicity is selective neuronal vulnerability, characterized by the manifestation of clinical symptoms that are restricted to specific neuronal populations, despite the presence of germline disease-causing variants in every cell of the patient. Furthermore, disease genes may exhibit ubiquitous expression patterns and involve a myriad of different pathways to cause motor neuron degeneration. In the current review, we explore the correlation between transcriptomic data and clinical manifestations, as well as the importance of interspecies models by comparing tissue-specific transcriptomic profiles of humans and mice, expression patterns of different genes in the brain during development, and single-cell transcriptomic data from related tissues. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies to resolve unanswered questions related to HSP pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas James Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum-Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute & School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058 China
| | - Yong Lei
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China. E-mail:
| | - Shen Gu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. E-mail:
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Klose V, Jesse S, Lewerenz J, Kassubek J, Dorst J, Tumani H, Ludolph AC, Roselli F. CSF oligoclonal IgG bands are not associated with ALS progression and prognosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1170360. [PMID: 37213901 PMCID: PMC10196068 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1170360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motoneuron degeneration through cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms; and the involvement of the innate and adaptive immune system has been hypothesized based on human and murine model data. We have explored if B-cell activation and IgG responses, as detected by IgG Oligoclonal bands (OCB) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, were associated with ALS or with a subgroup of patients with distinct clinical features. Methods IgG OCB were determined in patients affected by ALS (n=457), Alzheimer Disease (n=516), Mild Cognitive Impairment (n=91), Tension-type Headache (n=152) and idiopathic Facial Palsy (n=94). For ALS patients, clinico-demographic and survival data were prospectively collected in the Register Schabia. Results The prevalence of IgG OCB is comparable in ALS and the four neurological cohorts. When the OCB pattern was considered (highlighting either intrathecal or systemic B-cells activation), no effect of OCB pattern on clinic-demographic parameters and overall. ALS patients with intrathecal IgG synthesis (type 2 and 3) were more likely to display infectious, inflammatory or systemic autoimmune conditions. Discussion These data suggest that OCB are not related to ALS pathophysiology but rather are a finding possibly indicative a coincidental infectious or inflammatory comorbidity that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Klose
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Jesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C. Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Neurozentrum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Albert C. Ludolph,
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Neurozentrum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Francesco Roselli,
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10
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Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Potential Biomarker for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235968. [PMID: 36497450 PMCID: PMC9739898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is a special component in the immune microenvironment that is mainly composed of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T cells, B cells, DC cells, and high endothelial venules (HEVs). For cancer patients, evaluation of the immune microenvironment has a predictive effect on tumor biological behavior, treatment methods, and prognosis. As a result, TLSs have begun to attract the attention of researchers as a new potential biomarker. However, the composition and mechanisms of TLSs are still unclear, and clinical detection methods are still being explored. Although some meaningful results have been obtained in clinical trials, there is still a long way to go before such methods can be applied in clinical practice. However, we believe that with the continuous progress of basic research and clinical trials, TLS detection and related treatment can benefit more and more patients. In this review, we generalize the definition and composition of TLSs, summarize clinical trials involving TLSs according to treatment methods, and describe possible methods of inducing TLS formation.
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Fisher ES, Amarante MA, Lowry N, Lotz S, Farjood F, Temple S, Hill CE, Kiehl TR. Single cell profiling of CD45+ spinal cord cells reveals microglial and B cell heterogeneity and crosstalk following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:266. [PMCID: PMC9635187 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Immune cells play crucial roles after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, incomplete knowledge of immune contributions to injury and repair hinders development of SCI therapies. We leveraged single-cell observations to describe key populations of immune cells present in the spinal cord and changes in their transcriptional profiles from uninjured to subacute and chronic stages of SCI.
Methods
Deep-read single-cell sequencing was performed on CD45+ cells from spinal cords of uninjured and injured Swiss-webster mice. After T9 thoracic contusion, cells were collected 3-, 7-, and 60-day post-injury (dpi). Subpopulations of CD45+ immune cells were identified informatically, and their transcriptional responses characterized with time. We compared gene expression in spinal cord microglia and B cell subpopulations with those in published models of disease and injury. Microglia were compared with Disease Associated Microglia (DAM) and Injury Responsive Microglia (IRM). B cells were compared to developmental lineage states and to an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) model.
Results
In uninjured and 7 dpi spinal cord, most CD45+ cells isolated were microglia while chronically B cells predominated. B cells accumulating in the spinal cord following injury included immature B to mature stages and were predominantly found in the injury zone. We defined diverse subtypes of microglia and B cells with altered gene expression with time after SCI. Spinal cord microglia gene expression indicates differences from brain microglia at rest and in inflammatory states. Expression analysis of signaling ligand–receptor partners identified microglia–B cell interactions at acute and chronic stages that may be involved in B cell recruitment, retention, and formation of ectopic lymphoid follicles.
Conclusions
Immune cell responses to SCI have region-specific aspects and evolve with time. Developmentally diverse populations of B cells accumulate in the spinal cord following injury. Microglia at subacute stages express B cell recruitment factors, while chronically, they express factors predicted to reduce B cell inflammatory state. In the injured spinal cord, B cells create ectopic lymphoid structures, and express secreted factors potentially acting on microglia. Our study predicts previously unidentified crosstalk between microglia and B cells post-injury at acute and chronic stages, revealing new potential targets of inflammatory responses for SCI repair warranting future functional analyses.
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Harrer C, Otto F, Radlberger RF, Moser T, Pilz G, Wipfler P, Harrer A. The CXCL13/CXCR5 Immune Axis in Health and Disease—Implications for Intrathecal B Cell Activities in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172649. [PMID: 36078057 PMCID: PMC9454489 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine C-X-C- ligand 13 (CXCL13) is a major B cell chemoattractant to B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) that proposedly recruits B cells to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during neuroinflammation. CXCR5, the cognate receptor of CXCL13, is expressed on B cells and certain T cell subsets, in particular T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells), enabling them to follow CXCL13 gradients towards B cell follicles for spatial proximity, a prerequisite for productive T cell–B cell interaction. Tfh cells are essential contributors to B cell proliferation, differentiation, and high-affinity antibody synthesis and are required for germinal center formation and maintenance. Circulating Tfh cells (cTfh) have been observed in the peripheral blood and CSF. Furthermore, CXCL13/CXCR5-associated immune activities organize and shape adaptive B cell-related immune responses outside of SLO via the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures in inflamed tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the CXCL13/CXCR5 immune axis and its role in vaccination, autoimmunity, and infection with a special focus on its relevance for intrathecal B cell activities in inflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Otto
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Friedrich Radlberger
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Pilz
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Wipfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Rayasam A, Kijak JA, Kissel L, Choi YH, Kim T, Hsu M, Joshi D, Laaker CJ, Cismaru P, Lindstedt A, Kovacs K, Vemuganti R, Chiu SY, Priyathilaka TT, Sandor M, Fabry Z. CXCL13 expressed on inflamed cerebral blood vessels recruit IL-21 producing T FH cells to damage neurons following stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:125. [PMID: 35624463 PMCID: PMC9145182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, largely due to the inflammatory response to brain ischemia during post-stroke reperfusion. Despite ongoing intensive research, there have not been any clinically approved drugs targeting the inflammatory component to stroke. Preclinical studies have identified T cells as pro-inflammatory mediators of ischemic brain damage, yet mechanisms that regulate the infiltration and phenotype of these cells are lacking. Further understanding of how T cells migrate to the ischemic brain and facilitate neuronal death during brain ischemia can reveal novel targets for post-stroke intervention. METHODS To identify the population of T cells that produce IL-21 and contribute to stroke, we performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice and performed flow cytometry on brain tissue. We also utilized immunohistochemistry in both mouse and human brain sections to identify cell types and inflammatory mediators related to stroke-induced IL-21 signaling. To mechanistically demonstrate our findings, we employed pharmacological inhibitor anti-CXCL13 and performed histological analyses to evaluate its effects on brain infarct damage. Finally, to evaluate cellular mechanisms of stroke, we exposed mouse primary neurons to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions with or without IL-21 and measured cell viability, caspase activity and JAK/STAT signaling. RESULTS Flow cytometry on brains from mice following tMCAO identified a novel population of cells IL-21 producing CXCR5+ CD4+ ICOS-1+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) in the ischemic brain early after injury. We observed augmented expression of CXCL13 on inflamed brain vascular cells and demonstrated that inhibition of CXCL13 protects mice from tMCAO by restricting the migration and influence of IL-21 producing TFH cells in the ischemic brain. We also illustrate that neurons express IL-21R in the peri-infarct regions of both mice and human stroke tissue in vivo. Lastly, we found that IL-21 acts on mouse primary ischemic neurons to activate the JAK/STAT pathway and induce caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings identify a novel mechanism for how pro-inflammatory T cells are recruited to the ischemic brain to propagate stroke damage and provide a potential new therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Julie A Kijak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taehee Kim
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dinesh Joshi
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Collin J Laaker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Cismaru
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anders Lindstedt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krisztian Kovacs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shing Yan Chiu
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Salvador AFM, Kipnis J. Immune response after central nervous system injury. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101629. [PMID: 35753867 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) affect millions of people worldwide, and they can lead to severely damaging consequences such as permanent disability and paralysis. Multiple factors can obstruct recovery after CNS injury. One of the most significant is the progressive neuronal death that follows the initial mechanical impact, leading to the loss of undamaged cells via a process termed secondary neurodegeneration. Efforts to define treatments that limit the spread of damage, while important, have been largely ineffectual owing to gaps in the mechanistic understanding that underlies the persisting neuronal cell death. Inflammation, with its influx of immune cells that occurs shortly after injury, has been associated with secondary neurodegeneration. However, the role of the immune system after CNS injury is far more complex. Studies have indicated that the immune response after CNS injury is detrimental, owing to immune cell-produced factors (e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, neurotoxic glutamate) that worsen tissue damage. Our lab and others have also demonstrated the beneficial immune response that occurs after CNS injury, with the release of growth factors such as brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and interleukin (IL-10) and the clearance of apoptotic and myelin debris by immune cells1-4. In this review, we first discuss the multifaceted roles of the immune system after CNS injury. We then speculate on how advancements in single-cell RNA technologies can dramatically change our understanding of the immune response, how the spinal cord meninges serve as an important site for hosting immunological processes critical for recovery, and how the origin of peripherally recruited immune cells impacts their function in the injured CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca M Salvador
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Bemark M, Angeletti D. Know your enemy or find your friend?-Induction of IgA at mucosal surfaces. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:83-102. [PMID: 34331314 PMCID: PMC7612940 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most antibodies produced in the body are of the IgA class. The dominant cell population producing them are plasma cells within the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, but many IgA-producing cells are also found in the airways, within mammary tissues, the urogenital tract and inside the bone marrow. Most IgA antibodies are transported into the lumen by epithelial cells as part of the mucosal secretions, but they are also present in serum and other body fluids. A large part of the commensal microbiota in the gut is covered with IgA antibodies, and it has been demonstrated that this plays a role in maintaining a healthy balance between the host and the bacteria. However, IgA antibodies also play important roles in neutralizing pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and the upper airways. The distinction between the two roles of IgA - protective and balance-maintaining - not only has implications on function but also on how the production is regulated. Here, we discuss these issues with a special focus on gut and airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Zelco A, Börjesson V, de Kanter JK, Lebrero-Fernandez C, Lauschke VM, Rocha-Ferreira E, Nilsson G, Nair S, Svedin P, Bemark M, Hagberg H, Mallard C, Holstege FCP, Wang X. Single-cell atlas reveals meningeal leukocyte heterogeneity in the developing mouse brain. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1190-1207. [PMID: 34301765 PMCID: PMC8336895 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348190.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, Zelco et al. used single-cell RNA sequencing to generate the first comprehensive transcriptional atlas of neonatal mouse meningeal leukocytes under normal conditions and after perinatal brain injury. They found that early after hypoxic–ischemic insult, neutrophil numbers increased and exhibited increased granulopoiesis, suggesting that the meninges are an important site of immune cell expansion with implications for the initiation of inflammatory cascades after neonatal brain injury. The meninges are important for brain development and pathology. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we have generated the first comprehensive transcriptional atlas of neonatal mouse meningeal leukocytes under normal conditions and after perinatal brain injury. We identified almost all known leukocyte subtypes and found differences between neonatal and adult border-associated macrophages, thus highlighting that neonatal border-associated macrophages are functionally immature with regards to immune responses compared with their adult counterparts. We also identified novel meningeal microglia-like cell populations that may participate in white matter development. Early after the hypoxic–ischemic insult, neutrophil numbers increased and they exhibited increased granulopoiesis, suggesting that the meninges are an important site of immune cell expansion with implications for the initiation of inflammatory cascades after neonatal brain injury. Our study provides a single-cell resolution view of the importance of meningeal leukocytes at the early stage of development in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Zelco
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Vanja Börjesson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Jurrian K de Kanter
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70 376, Germany
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nilsson
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Syam Nair
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.,Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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17
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Heller RA, Seelig J, Crowell HL, Pilz M, Haubruck P, Sun Q, Schomburg L, Daniel V, Moghaddam A, Biglari B. Predicting neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury by time-resolved analysis of monocyte subsets. Brain 2021; 144:3159-3174. [PMID: 34022039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and lymphocytes elicit crucial activities for the regenerative processes after various types of injury. The survival of neurons exposed to mechanical and oxidative stress after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) depends on a multitude of factors. The current study sought to evaluate a correlation between remission after TSCI and dynamics of monocyte subsets in respect to the lymphocytes' responsive potential, cytokine expression, patterns of trace element concentration and clinical covariates. We examined prospectively 18 (3 female, 15 male) patients after TSCI. Blood samples were drawn at admission and 4 h, 9 h, 12 h, 1 and 3 days as well as 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 months after the trauma. Analysis of cytokines (CCL-2, IL-10, Enolase 2, CXCL-12, TGF- β1, TGF- β2) was performed using a multiplex cytokine panel. Plasma trace element concentrations of selenium, copper and zinc were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis, Neopterin, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) by luminometric immunoassay (LIA). The responsive potential of lymphocytes was assessed via transformation tests. The monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) and expression of CD14, CD16, CXCR4 and intracellular IL-10 were identified using a multi-colour flow cytometry analysis. The dynamics of the cluster of intermediate CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes differed significantly between patients with an absence of neurological remission (G0) from those with an improvement (G1) by 1 or 2 AIS steps (Kruskal-Wallis Test, p = 0.010, G0 < G1, AIS+: 1 < G1, AIS+: 2) in the first 24 h. These dynamics were associated inversely with an increase in Enolase and SELENBP1 14 d after the injury. In the elastic net regularised model, we identified an association between the increase of a subpopulation of intermediate CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes and exacerbated immune response within 24 h after the injury. These findings are reflected in the consistently elevated response to mitogen stimulation of the lymphocytes of patients with significant neurological remission. Early elevated concentrations of CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes were related to higher odds of CNS regeneration and enhanced neurological remission. The cluster-dynamics of CD14-/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes in the early-acute phase after the injury revealed a maximum of prognostic information regarding neurological remission (mean parameter estimate: 0.207; selection count: 818/1000 repetitions). We conclude that early dynamics in monocyte subsets allow a good prediction of recovery from TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raban Arved Heller
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Seelig
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Lucia Crowell
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Pilz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Haubruck
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Daniel
- Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Group, Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, 63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- Department of Paraplegiology, BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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