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Allihien SM, Ibrahim S, Markson F, Agyeman WY, Fugar S, Kesiena O. The impact of comorbidities and sociodemographic predictors on pneumococcal vaccination coverage in adults with coronary heart disease. Future Cardiol 2024; 20:11-19. [PMID: 38112281 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Coronary heart disease (CHD) increases the risk of adverse outcomes from invasive pneumococcal disease. Methods: Using the 2020 and 2021 data from the national health interview survey, we identified adults with CHD. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used to examine factors that influence vaccination status. Results: There were 2675 participants aged 41 and above with CHD. Participants were predominantly white people (82.5%) and males (60.1%). The odds of receiving the pneumococcal vaccine increased with stepwise increase in comorbidities from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3. Among individuals with ≥2 comorbidities, black people were less likely to be vaccinated compared with white people. Conclusion: Pneumococcal vaccine uptake among adults with CHD is determined by cumulative comorbidities and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saint-Martin Allihien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Sammudeen Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Favour Markson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, 234 E 149 St Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Walter Y Agyeman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Setri Fugar
- Interventional Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., 5th Floor Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Onoriode Kesiena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA 30606, USA
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2
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Arya S, Norton N, Kaushik P, Brandtmüller A, Tsoumani E. Recent changes to adult national immunization programs for pneumococcal vaccination in Europe and how they impact coverage: A systematic review of published and grey literature. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2279394. [PMID: 38014651 PMCID: PMC10760380 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2279394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread use of pneumococcal vaccines throughout Europe, the burden of pneumococcal disease (PD) in adults is considerable. To mitigate this burden, National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies assess the value of different vaccine schedules for protecting against PD. The aim of this review was to assess the evidence and rationales used by NITAGs/HTA agencies, when considering recent changes to National Immunization Programs (NIPs) for adults, and how identified changes affected vaccine coverage rates (VCRs). A systematic review was conducted of published literature from PubMed® and Embase®, and gray literature from HTA/NITAG websites from the last 5 y, covering 31 European countries. Evidence related to NIP recommendations, epidemiology (invasive PD, pneumonia), health economic assessments and VCRs were collected and synthesized. Eighty-four records providing data for 26 countries were identified. Of these, eight described explicit changes to NIPs for adults in seven countries. Despite data gaps, some trends were observed; first, there appears to be a convergence of NIP recommendations in many countries toward sequential vaccination, with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), followed by pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23. Second, reducing economic or healthcare burden were common rationales for implementing changes. Third, most health economic analyses assessing higher-valency PCVs for adults found its inclusion in NIPs cost-effective. Finally, higher coverage rates were seen in most cases where countries had expanded their NIPs to cover at-risk populations. The findings can encourage agencies to improve surveillance systems and work to reach the NIP's target populations more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Arya
- Evidence Review and Synthesis, Quantify Research, Mohali, India
| | - Nicholas Norton
- Evidence Review and Synthesis, Quantify Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Puneet Kaushik
- Evidence Review and Synthesis, Quantify Research, Mohali, India
| | - Agnes Brandtmüller
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, MSD, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eleana Tsoumani
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, MSD, Athens, Greece
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3
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Janssens A, Vaes B, Abels C, Crèvecoeur J, Mamouris P, Merckx B, Libin P, Van Pottelbergh G, Neyens T. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage and adherence to recommended dosing schedules in adults: a repeated cross-sectional study of the INTEGO morbidity registry. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1104. [PMID: 37286969 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2014, Belgium's Superior Health Council has recommended pneumococcal vaccination for adults aged 19-85 years at increased risk for pneumococcal diseases with a specific vaccine administration sequence and timing. Currently, Belgium has no publicly funded adult pneumococcal vaccination program. This study investigated the seasonal pneumococcal vaccination trends, evolution of vaccination coverage and adherence to the 2014 recommendations. METHODS INTEGO is a general practice morbidity registry in Flanders (Belgium) that represents 102 general practice centres and comprised over 300.000 patients in 2021. A repeated cross-sectional study was performed for the period between 2017 and 2021. Using adjusted odds ratios computed via multiple logistic regression, the association between an individual's characteristics (gender, age, comorbidities, influenza vaccination status and socioeconomic status) and schedule-adherent pneumococcal vaccination status was assessed. RESULTS Pneumococcal vaccination coincided with seasonal flu vaccination. The vaccination coverage in the population at risk decreased from 21% in 2017 to 18.2% in 2018 and then started to increase to 23.6% in 2021. Coverage in 2021 was highest for high-risk adults (33.8%) followed by 50- to 85-year-olds with comorbidities (25.5%) and healthy 65- to 85-year-olds (18.7%). In 2021, 56.3% of the high-risk adults, 74.6% of the 50+ with comorbidities persons, and 74% of the 65+ healthy persons had an adherent vaccination schedule. Persons with a lower socioeconomic status had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.92 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.87-0.97) for primary vaccination, 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.75) for adherence to the recommended second vaccination if the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was administered first and 0.86 (95% CI 0.76-0.97) if the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was administered first. CONCLUSION Pneumococcal vaccine coverage is slowly increasing in Flanders, displaying seasonal peaks in sync with influenza vaccination campaigns. However, with less than one-fourth of the target population vaccinated, less than 60% high-risk and approximately 74% of 50 + with comorbidities and 65+ healthy persons with an adherent schedule, there is still much room for improvement. Furthermore, adults with poor socioeconomic status had lower odds of primary vaccination and schedule adherence, demonstrating the need for a publicly funded program in Belgium to ensure equitable access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Janssens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Crèvecoeur
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pavlos Mamouris
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Libin
- Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gijs Van Pottelbergh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Neyens
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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4
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Ochoa-Gondar O, Torras-Vives V, de Diego-Cabanes C, Satué Gracia E, Forcadell-Peris MJ, Vila-Córcoles Á. [Epidemiology of pneumococcal pneumonia among middle-aged and older adults in Catalonia, 2017-2018]. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102631. [PMID: 37119778 PMCID: PMC10154968 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse population-based incidence and lethality of pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) requiring hospitalisation among Catalonian adults after universal vaccination implementation in infants. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Primary care/hospital, Catalonia. PARTICIPANTS 2,059,645 individuals ≥50 years old affiliated to the Institut Catala de la Salut retrospectively followed between 01/01/2017 and 31/12/2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Catalonian information system for the development of research in primary care (SIDIAP, Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de la Investigación en Atención Primaria) was used to establish baseline characteristics and risk-strata of cohort members at study start: low-risk (immunocompetent persons without risk conditions), intermediate-risk (immunocompetent persons with at-risk condition) and high-risk (immunocompromising conditions). PP requiring hospitalisation among cohort members across study period were collected from CMBD (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos) discharge data of 64 reference Catalonian hospitals. RESULTS An amount of 3592 episodes of HPP were observed, with an incidence density of 90.7 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 85.2-96.5), being 11.9 bacteremic (95% CI: 10.8-13.1) and 78.8 non-bacteremic (95% CI: 74.0-83.8). Incidence rates substantially increased by age (37.3 in 50-64 years vs. 98.3 in 65-79 years vs. 259.8 in ≥80 years) and baseline-risk stratum (42.1, 120.7 and 238.6 in low-, intermediate- and high-risk stratum, respectively). Overall case-fatality rate was 7.6% (10.8% in invasive cases vs. 7.1% in non-invasive cases; pP=.004). In multivariable analyses, high-risk stratum and oldest age were the strongest predictors for invasive and non-invasive cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Incidence and lethality of PP remained moderate among adults >50 years in Catalonia during 2017-2018 (earlier period after universal vaccination introduction for infants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ochoa-Gondar
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España
| | - Verónica Torras-Vives
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España.
| | - Cinta de Diego-Cabanes
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España
| | - Eva Satué Gracia
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España
| | - María José Forcadell-Peris
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España
| | - Ángel Vila-Córcoles
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, España; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España
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5
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Vila-Córcoles A, Ochoa-Gondar O, de Diego-Cabanes C, Satué-Gracia EM, Torras-Vives V, Forcadell-Peris MJ, Ribas-Seguí D, Vila-Rovira A, Rodríguez-Casado C. Evaluating clinical effectiveness and impact of anti-pneumococcal vaccination in adults after universal childhood PCV13 implementation in Catalonia, 2017-2018. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100264. [PMID: 36798107 PMCID: PMC9926188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, because of indirect effects derived from routine childhood immunisation, clinical benefits vaccinating adults with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPsV23) and/or the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) are uncertain. This study investigated clinical effectiveness for both PPsV23/PCV13 in preventing pneumonia among Catalonian adults during an earlier 2-year period post-PCV13 free (publicly funded) approval for infants. Methods We conducted a Population-based cohort study involving 2,059,645 adults ≥ 50 years in Catalonia, Spain, who were followed between 01/01/2017-31/12/2018. Primary outcomes were hospitalisation from pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) or all-cause pneumonia (ACP) and main explanatory variable was PCV13/PPsV23 vaccination status. Cox regression models were used to estimate vaccination effectiveness adjusted by age/sex and underlying-risk conditions. Results Cohort members were followed for 3,958,528 person-years (32,328 PCV13-vaccinated, 1,532,186 PPsV23-vaccinated), observing 3592 PP (131 in PCV13-vaccinated vs 2476 in PPsV23-vaccinated) and 24,136 ACP (876 in PCV13-vaccinated vs 17,550 in PPsV23-vaccinated). Incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) were 90.7 for PP (394.2 in PCV13-vaccinated vs 161.6 in PPsV23-vaccinated) and 609.7 for ACP (2636.3 in PCV13-vaccinated vs 1145.4 in PPsV23-vaccinated). The PCV13 was associated with an increased risk of PP (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00-1.52; p = 0.046) and ACP (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.28-1.49; p < 0.001) whereas the PPsV23 did not alter the risk of PP (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.98-1.18; p = 0.153) and slightly increased the risk of ACP (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10-1.18; p < 0.001). In supplementary analyses focused on at-risk individuals (i.e., elderly persons, immunocompromissing and other chronic illnesses) protective effects of vaccination did not emerge either. Conclusions Data does not support clinical benefits from pneumococcal vaccination (nor PCV13 neither PPsV23) against pneumonia among Catalonian middle-aged and older adults in the current era of universal PCV13 childhood immunisation in our setting. New extended valency PCVs are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Vila-Córcoles
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain,Unitat de Suport a la Recerca of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Olga Ochoa-Gondar
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cinta de Diego-Cabanes
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain,Corresponding author at: Institut Catalá de la Salut, Rambla Nova 124, D, 1°A, 43001 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Eva M. Satué-Gracia
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain,Unitat de Suport a la Recerca of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Torras-Vives
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M. José Forcadell-Peris
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Domingo Ribas-Seguí
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angel Vila-Rovira
- Primary Health Care Service “Camp de Tarragona”, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Clara Rodríguez-Casado
- Information System for the Improvement of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP), Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Nasreen S, Gebretekle GB, Lynch M, Kurdina A, Thomas M, Fadel S, Houle SKD, Waite NM, Crowcroft NS, Allin S. Understanding predictors of pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults aged 65 years and older in high-income countries across the globe: A scoping review. Vaccine 2022; 40:4380-4393. [PMID: 35781171 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is routinely recommended to reduce the disease burden in this population. However, the vaccination coverage in older adults remains suboptimal in high-income countries. OBJECTIVES We sought to understand the current landscape of published literature on the predictors of pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults aged 65 years and older in high-income countries, and to identify the gaps in literature to inform future research. METHODS We conducted a scoping review employing the Arksey and O'Malley framework and Joanna Briggs Methods. We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases. We included quantitative and qualitative studies on predictors of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults that reported older adult- and pneumococcal vaccine-specific results, conducted in high-income settings, and published in English between January 2015 and April 2020. We excluded studies assessing interventions to improve vaccine uptake. We followed the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Working Group Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix to map the predictors within contextual, individual and social group, and vaccine and vaccination-specific influence determinants. Studies on providers and institutions were also included and results summarized separately. RESULTS We included 52 publications in our review. Most of the predictors in 39 quantitative studies belonged to the individual and social group influences (n = 12), followed by contextual influences (n = 11) and vaccine and vaccination-specific issues (n = 3). Few qualitative studies explored the barriers to pneumococcal vaccination. Only five studies examined predictors from the healthcare providers' perspective. Three studies examined the institutional characteristics as the predictors of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults. CONCLUSIONS We identified enablers and barriers of pneumococcal vaccination among older adults in high-income settings. We also identified gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research to address the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Nasreen
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gebremedhin B Gebretekle
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Lynch
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Kurdina
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Thomas
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaza Fadel
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nancy M Waite
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha S Crowcroft
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Allin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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An Independent Study to Compare Compliance, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Sources of Knowledge about Pneumococcal Vaccinations among an Italian Sample of Older Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040490. [PMID: 35455239 PMCID: PMC9030078 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of pneumoniae deaths, especially among elderly individuals, with the vaccine being the primary prevention instrument. However, information on national vaccine coverage among the elderly population is scarce and sparse. Methods: A survey involved a representative sample of Italians older than 65 years (n = 600), who agreed to participate in the study through a phone interview. Participants’ self-reported pneumococcal vaccination status, vaccine literacy, information source, and risk perception related to the infection and to vaccines-adverse reactions were assessed. Results: The reported vaccination status is very low (11.2%), with respondents largely uninformed about vaccination opportunities. The results also show that the predominant (and most effective) source of information is healthcare providers, with vaccine hesitancy being positively linked to risk perception related to disease and negatively linked to risk perception of vaccine adverse reactions. Conclusions: This study suggests the need to collect data to systematically monitor vaccination coverage and calls for information campaigns to improve elderly literacy to increase vaccination uptake.
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Ding H, Huang J, Ngai CH, Sun Q, Kwok KO, Wang HHX, Chong M, Wong MCS. The cost-effectiveness of starting 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza vaccination at 50 vs. 65 years: A comparative modelling study. Vaccine 2022; 40:1282-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Serotypes and Clonal Composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Causing IPD in Children and Adults in Catalonia before 2013 to 2015 and after 2017 to 2019 Systematic Introduction of PCV13. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0115021. [PMID: 34878302 PMCID: PMC8653838 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01150-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of serotypes and clonal composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Catalonia, before and after systematic introduction of PCV13. Pneumococcal strains isolated from normally sterile sites obtained from patients of all ages with IPD received between 2013 and 2019 from 25 health centers of Catalonia were included. Two study periods were defined: presystematic vaccination period (2013 and 2015) and systematic vaccination period (SVP) (2017 to 2019). A total of 2,303 isolates were analyzed. In the SVP, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of IPD cases in children 5 to 17 years old (relative risk [RR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.99), while there was a significant increase in the incidence of IPD cases in 18- to 64-year-old adults (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52) and adults over 65 years old (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.38). Serotype 8 was the major emerging serotype in all age groups except in 5- to 17-year-old children. In children younger than 5 years old, the main serotypes in SVP were 24F, 15A, and 3, while in adults older than 65 years they were serotypes 3, 8, and 12F. A significant decrease in the proportions of clonal complexes CC156, CC191, and ST306 and an increase in those of CC180, CC53, and CC404 were observed. A steady decrease in the incidence of IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes indicates the importance and impact of systematic vaccination. The increase of non-PCV13 serotypes highlights the need to expand serotype coverage in future vaccines and rethink vaccination programs for older adults. IMPORTANCE We found that with the incorporation of the PCV13 vaccine, the numbers of IPD cases caused by serotypes included in this vaccine decreased in all of the age groups. Still, there was an unforeseen increase of the serotypes not included in this vaccine causing IPD, especially in the >65-year-old group. Moreover, a significant increase of serotype 3 included in the vaccine has been observed; this event has been reported by other researchers. These facts call for the incorporation of more serotypes in future vaccines and a more thorough surveillance of the dynamics of this microorganism.
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10
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Papazoglou DD, Baretella O, Feller M, Del Giovane C, Moutzouri E, Aujesky D, Schwenkglenks M, O’Mahony D, Knol W, Dalleur O, Rodondi N, Baumgartner C. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and its association with health conditions and risk factors among hospitalized multimorbid older patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260112. [PMID: 34784405 PMCID: PMC8594840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with chronic conditions are at high risk of complications from influenza and pneumococcal infections. Evidence about factors associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among older multimorbid persons in Europe is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of these vaccinations in this population. METHODS Multimorbid patients aged ≥70 years with polypharmacy were enrolled in 4 European centers in Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Ireland. Data on vaccinations, demographics, health care contacts, and comorbidities were obtained from self-report, general practitioners and medical records. The association of comorbidities or medical contacts with vaccination status was assessed using multivariable adjusted log-binomial regression models. RESULTS Among 1956 participants with available influenza vaccination data (median age 79 years, 45% women), 1314 (67%) received an influenza vaccination within the last year. Of 1400 patients with available pneumococcal vaccination data (median age 79 years, 46% women), prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination was 21% (n = 291). The prevalence of vaccination remained low in high-risk populations with chronic respiratory disease (34%) or diabetes (24%), but increased with an increasing number of outpatient medical contacts. Chronic respiratory disease was independently associated with the receipt of both influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.16; and PR 2.03, 95%CI 1.22-3.40, respectively), as was diabetes (PR 1.06, 95%CI 1.03-1.08; PR 1.24, 95%CI 1.16-1.34, respectively). An independent association was found between number of general practitioner visits and higher prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination (p for linear trend <0.001). CONCLUSION Uptake of influenza and particularly of pneumococcal vaccination in this population of European multimorbid older inpatients remains insufficient and is determined by comorbidities and number and type of health care contacts, especially outpatient medical visits. Hospitalization may be an opportunity to promote vaccination, particularly targeting patients with few outpatient physician contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios David Papazoglou
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Baretella
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Feller
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisavet Moutzouri
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Drahomir Aujesky
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis O’Mahony
- Department of Medicine Cork, University College Cork National University of Ireland, Munster, IE, Ireland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Cork, Cork University Hospital Group, Munster, IE, Ireland
| | - Wilma Knol
- Department of Geriatrics and Expertise Centre Pharmacotherapy in Old Persons (EPHOR), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, and Pharmacy Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Baumgartner
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Serotypes in Adult Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Spain in the Era of Conjugate Vaccines. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112245. [PMID: 34835371 PMCID: PMC8622595 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in adult pneumococcal pneumonia in Spain (2011–2019). Among 895 pneumococci collected (433 bacteremic [BPP] and 462 non-bacteremic [non-BPP]), serotypes 3 (17%), 19A (10%), 8 (6.7%) and 11A (6.7%) were the most frequent. Serotypes 16F, 19A and 24F were associated with old people (≥65) and serotypes 4, 7F, 8, 12F and 19F to young adults. Serotypes 12F, 24F and 1 were significantly more frequent in BPP and serotypes 11A, 23A and 19F in non-BPP. Amoxicillin resistance was higher in non-BPP (17% vs. 11%) while penicillin non-susceptibility (37% vs. 24%) and macrolide resistance (29% vs. 14%) were higher in older adults. In the period 2017–2019, the vaccine coverages were: 32% (PCV13), 39% (PCV15), 65% (PCV20) and 69% (PPV23). Differences were found in serotype composition and antimicrobial resistance by age and type of infection. The maintenance of serotype 3 as a leading cause of adult pneumococcal pneumonia and the increase in highly invasive (serotype 8) or antimicrobial-resistant (serotype 11A) serotypes is worrisome. Further studies will be required to analyse the impact of the upcoming broader conjugate vaccines.
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12
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Bayraktar-Ekincioglu A, Kara E, Bahap M, Cankurtaran M, Demirkan K, Unal S. Does information by pharmacists convince the public to get vaccinated for pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster? Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2193-2200. [PMID: 34708289 PMCID: PMC8550811 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Pneumococcal diseases (PN) and herpes zoster (HZ) are preventable infections in the adult population. Aims This study aimed to identify the vaccination rates at 1 year after pharmacist-led provision of information in the community. The objectives were to reveal the reasons for not being vaccinated and to determine opinions and awareness of PN and HZ vaccination among public. Methods A prospective study was conducted in five social and solidarity centres in Turkey. Participants were educated by a pharmacist about PN and HZ diseases, vaccinations and reimbursement status, respectively. All participants were followed by telephone 1 year after to determine their vaccination status. Results A total of 155 participants (72.9% male; mean age was 68.72 ± 9.04 years) were included. With respect to PN and HZ vaccines, it was found that 40% and 12.7% of participants knew about the respective vaccines. Following the pharmacist’s educational session, 52.9% and 51.6% were willing to have the respective vaccine, but only 5.7% and 0.8% respectively got vaccinated 1 year after the educational session. Perceived disease severity, provision of information by a pharmacist, and reimbursement status of the vaccines were not associated with the vaccination rates. Conclusions The public obtain information on vaccines from friends and family members, which may result in misinformation and inappropriate behaviour in vaccination. Although educational sessions provided by pharmacists did not increase the actual vaccination rates for PN and HZ, public willingness to vaccination has increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Kara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Bahap
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cankurtaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Weinberger B. Vaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:38. [PMID: 34627326 PMCID: PMC8501352 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preserving good health in old age is of utmost importance to alleviate societal, economic and health care-related challenges caused by an aging society. The prevalence and severity of many infectious diseases is higher in older adults, and in addition to the acute disease, long-term sequelae, such as exacerbation of underlying chronic disease, onset of frailty or increased long-term care dependency, are frequent. Prevention of infections e.g. by vaccination is therefore an important measure to ensure healthy aging and preserve quality of life. Several vaccines are specifically recommended for older adults in many countries, and in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic older adults were among the first target groups for vaccination due to their high risk for severe disease. This review highlights clinical data on the influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae and herpes zoster vaccines, summarizes recent developments to improve vaccine efficacy, such as the use of adjuvants or higher antigen dose for influenza, and gives an overview of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development for older adults. Substantial research is ongoing to further improve vaccines, e.g. by developing universal influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current strain-specific vaccines, and to develop novel vaccines against pathogens, which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults, but for which no vaccines are currently available. In addition, we need to improve uptake of the existing vaccines and increase awareness for life-long vaccination in order to provide optimal protection for the vulnerable older age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Benadji A, Duval X, Danis K, Hoen B, Page B, Béraud G, Vernet-Garnier V, Strady C, Brieu N, Maulin L, Roy C, Ploy MC, Gaillat J, Varon E, Tubiana S. Relationship between serotypes, disease characteristics and 30-day mortality in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease. Infection 2021; 50:223-233. [PMID: 34468953 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. We aimed to identify host and bacterial factors associated with 30-day mortality in 18-year-old patients hospitalized with IPD in France from 2013 to 2015. METHODS This study analyzed data collected from consecutives IPD cases included in two parallel multi-center cohort studies: COMBAT study (280 patients with pneumococcal community-acquired bacterial meningitis) and SIIP study (491 patients with non-meningitis IPD). Factors associated with 30-day mortality were identified using logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 771 enrolled patients (median age 66 years, IQR [52.0-79.7]), 592/767 (77.2%) had at least one chronic disease. Patients with meningitis were younger (60.2 vs 70.9 years; p < 0.001) and had fewer chronic diseases than those with non-meningitis IPD (73.3% vs 79.4%; p = 0.05). Non-vaccine serotypes were more frequent in meningitis patients than in those with other IPD (36.1% vs 23.1%; p < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality was 16.7% and patients with concurrent meningitis and extra-cerebral IPD had the highest 30-day mortality rate (26.5%). On multivariate analyses, older age, history of malignant solid tumor, meningeal IPD and serotypes previously identified with high mortality potential were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Of the serotypes with high mortality potential, 80% were included in licensed (PCV13 or PPV23) vaccines. CONCLUSION We observed an effect of both host factors and pneumococcal serotypes on 30-day mortality in IPD. This highlights the need for a focused strategy to vaccinate at-risk patients. CLINICAL TRIAL ClinicalTrial. Gov identification number: NCT01730690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Benadji
- AP-HP, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, 46, Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Duval
- AP-HP, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, 46, Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France. .,IAME, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Kostas Danis
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University Hospital Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54511, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Page
- AP-HP, Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Guillaume Béraud
- Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Christophe Strady
- Cabinet d'Infectiologie, Clinique Courlancy, Groupe Courlancy-Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Laurence Maulin
- Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier du Pays d'Aix, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Carine Roy
- AP-HP, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Regional Observatories for Pneumococci (Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque), University Hospital Centre Limoges, Limoges, France.,INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, University of Limoges, U1092, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Varon
- National Centre for Pneumococci, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sarah Tubiana
- AP-HP, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, 46, Rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.,IAME, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France
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15
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Thomas RE. Reducing Morbidity and Mortality Rates from COVID-19, Influenza and Pneumococcal Illness in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities by Vaccination and Comprehensive Infection Control Interventions. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:48. [PMID: 34066781 PMCID: PMC8162358 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic identifies the problems of preventing respiratory illnesses in seniors, especially frail multimorbidity seniors in nursing homes and Long-Term Care Facilities (LCTFs). Medline and Embase were searched for nursing homes, long-term care facilities, respiratory tract infections, disease transmission, infection control, mortality, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. For seniors, there is strong evidence to vaccinate against influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and pneumococcal disease, and evidence is awaited for effectiveness against COVID-19 variants and when to revaccinate. There is strong evidence to promptly introduce comprehensive infection control interventions in LCFTs: no admissions from inpatient wards with COVID-19 patients; quarantine and monitor new admissions in single-patient rooms; screen residents, staff and visitors daily for temperature and symptoms; and staff work in only one home. Depending on the vaccination situation and the current risk situation, visiting restrictions and meals in the residents' own rooms may be necessary, and reduce crowding with individual patient rooms. Regional LTCF administrators should closely monitor and provide staff and PPE resources. The CDC COVID-19 tool measures 33 infection control indicators. Hand washing, social distancing, PPE (gowns, gloves, masks, eye protection), enhanced cleaning of rooms and high-touch surfaces need comprehensive implementation while awaiting more studies at low risk of bias. Individual ventilation with HEPA filters for all patient and common rooms and hallways is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Thomas
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2M 1M1, Canada
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16
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Thomas RE. Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Those 65 and Older: Rates of Detection, Risk Factors, Vaccine Effectiveness, Hospitalisation and Mortality. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:13. [PMID: 33557406 PMCID: PMC7931064 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in seniors worldwide. Incidence rates and serious outcomes worsen with increasing frailty, numbers of risk factors and decreasing immune competence with increasing age. Literature reviews in Medline and Embase were performed for pneumococcal disease incidence, risk factors, vaccination rates and effectiveness in the elderly. The introduction of protein-conjugated pneumoccal vaccines (PCV) for children markedly reduced IPD and PP in seniors, but serotypes not included in vaccines and with previously low levels increased. Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPV23) vaccination does not change nasal and pharyngeal carriage rates. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates in seniors are below guideline levels, especially in older seniors and nursing home staff. Pneumococcal and influenza carriage and vaccination rates of family members, nursing home health care workers and other contacts are unknown. National vaccination programmes are effective in increasing vaccination rates. Detection of IPD and PP initially depend on clinical symptoms and new chest X ray infiltrates and then varies according to the population and laboratory tests used. To understand how seniors and especially older seniors acquire PP and IPD data are needed on pneumococcal disease and carriage rates in family members, carers and contacts. Nursing homes need reconfiguring into small units with air ventilation externally from all rooms to minimise respiratory disease transmission and dedicated staff for each unit to minimise transmision of infectious diseaases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Thomas
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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17
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Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1353-1355. [PMID: 33462723 PMCID: PMC7813618 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Boey L, Bosmans E, Ferreira LB, Heyvaert N, Nelen M, Smans L, Tuerlinckx H, Roelants M, Claes K, Derdelinckx I, Janssens W, Mathieu C, Van Cleemput J, Vos R, Vandermeulen C. Vaccination coverage of recommended vaccines and determinants of vaccination in at-risk groups. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2136-2143. [PMID: 32614656 PMCID: PMC7553698 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1763739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases, certain individuals are at increased risk for complications due to preexisting diseases, age or immunosuppressive treatment. Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal disease and hepatitis B (for some groups) is advised in addition to standard vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. We estimated the vaccination coverage and determinants of recommended vaccinations in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (n = 173) and type 2 (n = 177), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 138), heart failure (n = 200), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 187), HIV (n = 201) or solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n = 201) in a monocentric study. Vaccination data were retrieved from documents provided by patients and general practitioners, and from the Flemish vaccination register. Less than 10% had received all recommended vaccines. Overall, 29% of subjects were vaccinated against diphtheria-tetanus, 10% against pertussis, 44% against influenza, 32% against pneumococcal disease and 24% of HIV patients and 31% of CKD patients against hepatitis B. Age was positively associated with vaccination against influenza (OR:2.0, p < .01) and pneumococcal disease (OR:2.6, p < .001). Patients with COPD, HIV and SOT were more likely to be vaccinated against influenza (OR:2.8, p < .001, OR:1.8, p < .05; OR:2.0, p < .001, respectively) and pneumococcal disease (OR:2.9, p < .001, OR:25.0, p < .001; OR:2.6, p < .001, respectively) than patients with heart failure. Reason for non-vaccination were concerns about effectiveness, necessity and side effects of influenza vaccines, and not being aware of the recommendation for pneumococcal disease. Initiatives to monitor the vaccination status of vulnerable patients are needed, which is why we advocate systematic vaccination registration and frequent communication about vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boey
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Bosmans
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liane Braz Ferreira
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heyvaert
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Nelen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Smans
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Tuerlinckx
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Derdelinckx
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Cleemput
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases - Lung Transplantation Unit, University Hospitals of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Center , Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Vaccination Coverage of the Elderly in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:5459793. [PMID: 32670440 PMCID: PMC7338982 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5459793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are important for older adults, and the morbidity and mortality of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults are high. There are limited data on vaccination coverage among elderly people in Greece. The aim of this observational study was to record the vaccination coverage for vaccines recommended by the National Vaccination Program in Greece for the elderly people ≥60 years old. Two hundred general practitioners (GPs) around the country from the primary healthcare system were invited to “participate,” and one hundred fifty from them participated in the present study. The GPs were selected using geographically stratified random sampling methodology. Two thousand and seventy-two participants participated in the present study: of which, 1043 were males and 1029 were females. The mean age of the participants was 73.3 years, and 83% vaccination coverage for flu vaccine, 49.5% for conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and 23.5% for polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine were recorded. In addition, the vaccination coverage for herpes zoster vaccine was 20%, while very low percentages were recorded for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio vaccine for adults. We found significant gaps in vaccination coverage, especially with regard to pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and tetanus. On the contrary, influenza vaccination coverage was satisfactory.
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20
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Wagner A, Weinberger B. Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Older Population: Immunological Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2020; 11:717. [PMID: 32391017 PMCID: PMC7190794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major cause for morbidity and mortality in the older population. Demographic changes will lead to increasing numbers of older persons over the next decades. Prevention of infections becomes increasingly important to ensure healthy aging for the individual, and to alleviate the socio-economic burden for societies. Undoubtedly, vaccines are the most efficient health care measure to prevent infections. Age-associated changes of the immune system are responsible for decreased immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of most currently used vaccines in older age. Efficacy of standard influenza vaccines is only 30-50% in the older population. Several approaches, such as higher antigen dose, use of MF59 as adjuvant and intradermal administration have been implemented in order to specifically target the aged immune system. The use of a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been amended by a 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine originally developed for young children several years ago to overcome at least some of the limitations of the T cell-independent polysaccharide antigens, but still is only approximately 50% protective against pneumonia. A live-attenuated vaccine against herpes zoster, which has been available for several years, demonstrated efficacy of 51% against herpes zoster and 67% against post-herpetic neuralgia. Protection was lower in the very old and decreased several years after vaccination. Recently, a recombinant vaccine containing the viral glycoprotein gE and the novel adjuvant AS01B has been licensed. Phase III studies demonstrated efficacy against herpes zoster of approx. 90% even in the oldest age groups after administration of two doses and many countries now recommend the preferential use of this vaccine. There are still many infectious diseases causing substantial morbidity in the older population, for which no vaccines are available so far. Extensive research is ongoing to develop vaccines against novel targets with several vaccine candidates already being clinically tested, which have the potential to substantially reduce health care costs and to save many lives. In addition to the development of novel and improved vaccines, which specifically target the aged immune system, it is also important to improve uptake of the existing vaccines in order to protect the vulnerable, older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Wagner
- Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Danis K, Varon E, Lepoutre A, Janssen C, Forestier E, Epaulard O, N'guyen Y, Labrunie A, Lanotte P, Gravet A, Pelloux I, Chavanet P, Levy-Bruhl D, Ploy MC, Gaillat J. Factors Associated With Severe Nonmeningitis Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in France. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz510. [PMID: 31868865 PMCID: PMC6918451 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In France, pneumococcal vaccination in adults is recommended for risk groups (chronic conditions/immunosuppression). We conducted a study on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults to identify factors associated with disease severity and death. Methods We included IPD cases, excluding meningitis, from 25 acute care hospitals in 6 regions. We defined severe cases as those with shock or severe sepsis or intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation. We included deaths occurring within 30 days of hospitalization. Infectious disease specialists collected clinical/microbiological data on cases. Results During 2014–2017, 908 nonmeningitis IPD cases were diagnosed; 48% were severe, 84% had comorbidities, 21% died. Ninety percent of cases with comorbidities who previously sought health care were not vaccinated against pneumococcus. Compared with previously healthy cases, the risk of severe IPD increased from 20% (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–1.4) in cases with 1–2 chronic diseases to 30% (aRR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–7.0) in those with >2 chronic diseases. Among risk groups, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) nonPCV13 serotypes were more likely to induce severe IPD compared with nonvaccine serotypes (aRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; aRR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.5, respectively). Conclusions We observed a cumulative effect of concurrent comorbidities on severe IPD. Vaccine serotypes were more likely to induce severe IPD among risk groups. The missed opportunities for vaccination underscore the need to enhance vaccination in risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Danis
- Santé Publique France (SpFrance), the French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emmanuelle Varon
- National Centre for Pneumococci, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Lepoutre
- Santé Publique France (SpFrance), the French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Anaïs Labrunie
- University Hospital Centre Limoges, Regional Observatories for Pneumococci (Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque), Limoges, France.,University Hospital Centre Limoges, CEBIMER, Limoges, France
| | | | - Alain Gravet
- Hospital Emile Müller Mulhouse, Mullhouse, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Levy-Bruhl
- Santé Publique France (SpFrance), the French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Ploy
- University Hospital Centre Limoges, Regional Observatories for Pneumococci (Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque), Limoges, France.,University Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, , Limoges, France
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