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Bat L, Arıcı E, Öztekin A. Heavy Metal Biomonitoring in Cultured Rainbow Trout of the Black Sea and Risk Estimations on Its Consumption. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04350-x. [PMID: 39196441 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing importance of fish species obtained through aquaculture, coupled with a decline in wild-caught fish, has raised concerns about the potential accumulation of pollutants in these fish. This work aimed to analyze the amounts of elements in trout cultured mainly between Sinop and Samsun shores at the south of the Black Sea and marketed in Sinop fish markets. The comparison of these values with national and internationally accepted regulations was conducted, and evaluation of health risks for consumers was performed. Oncorhynchus mykiss samples were bought in April, May, and June of 2022 and 2023. The heavy metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fish tissues were wet digested in Teflon vessels. The outcomes were contrasted with established regulatory limits for heavy metals in fish. Fortunately, the metal concentrations detected in the fillets were found to be below the permissible levels set by regulations, indicating that the fish were not significantly contaminated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) values, which are utilized to evaluate the possible health risks connected with heavy metal exposure, were calculated. It was reassuring to find that both EDI and THQ values were below the acceptable thresholds, suggesting that the consumption of O. mykiss is not likely to pose a threat to human health. To preserve seafood safety and safeguard public health, however, constant monitoring of fish metal levels is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Bat
- Department of Hydrobiology, Fisheries Faculty, University of Sinop, 57000, Sinop, Türkiye.
| | - Elif Arıcı
- Vocational School of Health Services, University of Sinop, 57000, Sinop, Türkiye
| | - Ayşah Öztekin
- Department of Hydrobiology, Fisheries Faculty, University of Sinop, 57000, Sinop, Türkiye
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Al-Omairi M, Alamir SG, Salman BI, El Deeb S, Alrashdi YBA, Al-Harrasi A, Ibrahim AE. Investigating Trace and Macro-element Composition of Herbal and Nutraceutical Dietary Supplements Marketed in Oman: Insights into Safety and Labeling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04343-w. [PMID: 39143445 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
With the global increase in the use of dietary supplements to provide nutrients in one's regular diet, these supplements' potential health risks and benefits have become a topic of significant interest. Interestingly, as dietary supplements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States (USA), Europe, and most countries do not require manufacturers and distributors to obtain approval or provide safety assessments before marketing those products. This research explores for the first time 16 heavy, trace and macro-elemental contents, namely, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Zn, V, Fe, Al, K, Na, Mg, and Ca, within 24 nutraceutical and herbal supplements marketed in Oman. The research is focusing on ensuring their compositions, concentrations, and freedom of toxic elements. ICP-OES was utilized, preceded by a microwave digestion technique to digest the samples in concentrated HNO3 and HCl (3:1, v/v). The method was validated within linear ranges of 0.03-5.00 ppm and 1.0-200.0 ppm for micro- and macro-elements, respectively, with %recoveries ranging from 90 to 104%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.09 and 0.14 to 0.30 ppm, while the limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 and 0.46 to 0.91 ppm for micro- and macro-elements, respectively. The detected levels were compared to online databases for risk assessment. Although As and Cd were not detected in all samples, Pb was found in nine samples, with some exceeding regulated limits of exposure. About 80% of the samples contained Al, of which two samples were susceptible to serious health risks of exceeding exposure limits in their compiled doses. The locally harvested Omani herbal supplements revealed significant amounts of Zn, Mg, Mn, and Cu. The results highlighted the potential risks associated with both dosage compliance and labeling discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Omairi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Samy G Alamir
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
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Yohannes L, Feleke H, Melaku MS, Amare DE. Analysis of heavy metals and minerals in edible vegetable oils produced and marketed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2204. [PMID: 39138476 PMCID: PMC11323368 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, food safety is regarded as one of the most critical global public health issues. Edible oil, a key ingredient in food processing, is widely used and consumed in every Ethiopian household. However, its safety is often overlooked. Currently, edible oil is produced in Ethiopia from small-scale operations to large industrial levels, as well as imported from other countries. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals and essential minerals in edible vegetable oils produced and marketed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2021 in Gondar City. Seventeen edible oil samples were collected using simple random sampling techniques. Heavy metal content was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with the standard procedures and techniques after microwave digestion. The efficiency and validity of the method used were evaluated by determining the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel and transported to Stata for analysis. RESULT A total of seventeen vegetable oil samples were analyzed. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recovery studies, which ranged from 81 to 115%, and the relative standard deviations were found to be below 15%. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, and Pb were in the range of 0.07 to 0.8 mg/l, 0.002 to 0.06 mg/l, 0.01 to 0.8 mg/l, 0.08 to 0.18 mg/l, and 0.003 to 0.27 mg/l, respectively. In general, the lead and cadmium content was higher than other metals in some of the investigated edible vegetable oils. Most values fell within the permissible quality limits for edibility as prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). However, the levels of Pb and Cd exceeded the reference levels in some locally produced vegetable oils. CONCLUSION To address the exceeded levels of heavy metals, it is imperative to implement more careful handling, processing of raw materials, and filtering practices. Producers and marketers should take the necessary precautions to prevent contamination. Strict regulatory control from responsible bodies and stakeholders is recommended to ensure the safety and metal contents of vegetable oils originating from the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamrot Yohannes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Other Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Hailemariam Feleke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Other Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mequannent Sharew Melaku
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Other Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnachew Eyachew Amare
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Other Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Gundert‐Remy U, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Boon P, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Filipic M, Mortensen A, Woutersen R, Henk Van Loveren H, Gagliardi G, Mazzoli E, Lodi F, Rasinger JD, Rincon AM, Tard A, Frutos Fernandez MJ. Re-evaluation of shellac (E 904) as a food additive and a new application on the extension of use of shellac (E 904) in dietary foods for special medical purposes. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8897. [PMID: 39099614 PMCID: PMC11292212 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of shellac (E 904) when used as a food additive and with the new application on the extension of use of shellac (E 904) in dietary foods for special medical purposes. The Panel derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for wax-free shellac (E 904) produced by physical decolouring, based on a NOAEL of 400 mg/kg bw per day and applying an uncertainty factor of 100. The Panel concluded that the ADI of 4 mg/kg bw per day should be considered temporary for wax-free shellac (E 904) produced by chemical bleaching, while new data are generated on the identity and levels of the organochlorine impurities in E 904. This ADI is not applicable for wax-containing shellac as a food additive. For several age groups, the ADI was exceeded at the 95th percentile in the non-brand-loyal exposure assessment scenario and maximum level exposure assessment scenario. Considering the low exceedance and the fact that both the exposure estimation and the toxicological evaluation of shellac were conservative, the panel concluded that the calculated exceedance of the ADI does not indicate a safety concern. The Panel recommended to the European Commission separating specifications for E 904 depending on the manufacturing process, chemical bleaching and physical decolouring, because they result in different impurities; revising the definition of the food additive to include a description of each manufacturing process; deleting information on wax-containing shellac from the EU specifications; revising the acid value for wax-free shellac produced by chemical bleaching; lowering the maximum limit for lead; to consider introducing limits for other toxic elements potentially present in shellac; including a maximum limit for chloroform and total inorganic chloride in the EU specification for shellac produced by chemical bleaching.
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Brousett-Minaya MA, Chu-Koo FW, Napuchi-Linares J, Zambrano Panduro CE, Reyes-Larico JA, Larrea-Valdivia AE, Biamont-Rojas IE. Consumption of Native Fish Associated with a Potential Carcinogenic Risk for Indigenous Communities in the Peruvian Amazon. TOXICS 2024; 12:552. [PMID: 39195654 PMCID: PMC11360252 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic environments, such as fluvial environments, play an important role in the transport of material from throughout the basin, and this material partially sediments along the way. The objective of this study was to analyze, from an ecotoxicological point of view, the concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in sediment and the muscle of native fish, to correlate their interaction and to evaluate the potential risk to public health using carcinogenic risk indices in four rivers of the Peruvian Amazon. There were 27 sampling sites where sediment and fish (except for five points) samples were collected. A sampling pool was created with fish muscles from all species collected at each sampling site. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg were analyzed in both sediment and fish muscle, in duplicate. The results indicate the presence of concentrations higher than those recommended by international guidelines for sediment and food. Mercury (Hg) concentrations in the Tigre, Morona, and Pastaza rivers are up to six times higher than the recommended value for daily consumption. The carcinogenic risk due to the regular consumption of native species in the indigenous communities living on the banks of the four studied rivers is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Alejandra Brousett-Minaya
- Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220-1228, Yurimaguas 16501, Loreto, Peru; (F.W.C.-K.); (J.N.-L.); (C.E.Z.P.)
| | - Fred William Chu-Koo
- Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220-1228, Yurimaguas 16501, Loreto, Peru; (F.W.C.-K.); (J.N.-L.); (C.E.Z.P.)
| | - Juvenal Napuchi-Linares
- Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220-1228, Yurimaguas 16501, Loreto, Peru; (F.W.C.-K.); (J.N.-L.); (C.E.Z.P.)
| | - Cynthia Elizabeth Zambrano Panduro
- Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Prolongación Libertad 1220-1228, Yurimaguas 16501, Loreto, Peru; (F.W.C.-K.); (J.N.-L.); (C.E.Z.P.)
| | - Juan Amilcar Reyes-Larico
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of San Agustin—Arequipa (UNSA), Santa Catalina No. 117, Arequipa 04000, Arequipa, Peru; (J.A.R.-L.)
| | - Adriana Edith Larrea-Valdivia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of San Agustin—Arequipa (UNSA), Santa Catalina No. 117, Arequipa 04000, Arequipa, Peru; (J.A.R.-L.)
| | - Ivan Edward Biamont-Rojas
- Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Av. Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, Brazil;
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
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Pokorska-Niewiada K, Scheffler A, Przedpełska L, Witczak A. Tracking Trace Elements Found in Coffee and Infusions of Commercially Available Coffee Products Marketed in Poland. Foods 2024; 13:2212. [PMID: 39063296 PMCID: PMC11275261 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a source of micronutrients, including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese. It may also contain toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium. The effects of coffee on the human body may vary depending on its composition. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of ground and instant coffee with regard to the content of selected trace elements. The concentrations of trace elements, including copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, were determined by ICP-AES, while the levels of lead and cadmium were quantified by GF-AAS methods. Furthermore, the degree of coverage of the recommended intake of elements and the risk assessment for human health (EDI, THQ, PTMI, and TWI) were determined. Our findings indicate that the consumption of a cup of coffee provides the body with only small amounts of these elements. A coffee prepared from 6.33 g of ground coffee beans provides 0.08-1.52% of the RDA value, while a coffee prepared from 6.33 g of instant coffee provides 0.46-13.01% of the RDA, depending on the microelement. The low transfer to the brew (Pb = 7.1%; Cd = 30.0%) of the analyzed ground coffees renders them safe for the consumer, even at a consumption of six cups per day. The percentage of benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL0.1) in the case of lead did not exceed 0.9%. The estimated value did not exceed 0.2% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake of cadmium (PTMI). None of the analyzed coffees exhibited any risk regarding the trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aniela Scheffler
- Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Przedpełska
- Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Agata Witczak
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
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Rosa R, Granja Arakaki D, Melo E, Leite L, Pereira H, Nogueira da Silva KR, Avellaneda Guimarães RDC, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Damasceno G, Pereira Ancel MA, da Silva Alves Junior A, Aragão do Nascimento V. Determination of Selected Metals and Metalloids in Different Types of Rice by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04284-4. [PMID: 38997524 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Pantanal is a unique biome located in Brazil, with diverse fauna and flora, being home to native species such as the rice types Oryza latifolia and Oryza rufipogon. Rice is a staple food for two-thirds of the population, with increasing consumption, especially in Asia, regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, countries in the Caribbean, and Latin America. The per capita rice consumption had an average consumption of 160 g/day. However, rice consumption may lead to the intake of other harmful substances to health, such as toxic metals/metalloids. The determination of potential hazards in native species is crucial in maintaining the local population in good health. In this study, we determined the concentration of essential elements and potentially toxic elements in seven different types of Brazilian rice grains, including the two Pantanal native species O. latifolia and O. rufipogon, using ICP-OES to identify their nutritional richness or potential toxicity. The contaminant with the highest HQ levels was chromium, with an HQ above one only in the native species. All species (commercial and native) showed carcinogenic risk considering inorganic arsenic. Rice exhibits duality in its classification, providing nutritional content and leading people to potential risks of overexposure to toxic elements. While rice can be part of a healthy and nutritious diet, more studies should be conducted on avoiding or remedying contamination with toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rosa
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Granja Arakaki
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Melo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- School of Medicine, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UEMS, Campo Grande, 79115-898, Brazil
| | - Luana Leite
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kassia Roberta Nogueira da Silva
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Damasceno
- Graduate Program On Vegetal Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir da Silva Alves Junior
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil.
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Lo Turco V, Nava V, Potortì AG, Sgrò B, Arrigo MA, Di Bella G. Total Polyphenol Contents and Mineral Profiles in Commercial Wellness Herbal Infusions: Evaluation of the Differences between Two Preparation Methods. Foods 2024; 13:2145. [PMID: 38998650 PMCID: PMC11241193 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The popularity of the consumption of wellness herbal teas is due to the many health-promoting properties they seem to possess. Modern preparation methods using coffee machines are also popular today. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate differences in infusions obtained by the traditional method using filters and by espresso coffee machines using pods. In this regard, different herbal materials were selected and purchased in two different types of herbal containers, and the corresponding infusions were analyzed for the contents of total polyphenols and mineral elements. Results showed that filter infusions had higher polyphenol and mineral contents than pod infusions, excluding Cd and Pb. For each of the plant materials used, differences due to the method of infusion preparation are highlighted. From a qualitative point of view, both methods of infusion preparation are valid, but the filter infusion method allows a higher transfer of minerals and polyphenols into the infusion, improving quality. The analyzed infusions can be safely consumed with respect to As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents. Good amounts of polyphenols and Mn can be obtained by drinking a cup of any of the infusions analyzed, especially the mate infusion obtained by the filter technique, with amounts of 429 mg for polyphenols and 69.27% of the RDA for manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (B.S.); (M.A.A.); (G.D.B.)
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Bai Y, Zhang D, Wang K, Li F, Chen N, Zhou Z, Ye J. Analysis of Heavy Metal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Dried Fish Marketed in Guangzhou, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04291-5. [PMID: 38954322 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated heavy metal contamination in dried fish sold in Guangzhou, China, and evaluated the resultant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Dried fish samples were purchased from Baiyun, Tianhe, Panyu, and Yuexiu districts in Guangzhou, where the population is substantial. They were randomly acquired in bustling supermarkets and farmers' markets, targeting the most popular dried fish in these areas. Sixty samples from five dried fish types (Stolephorus chinensis, Thamnaconus modestus, Nemipterus-virgatus, river fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella) were analyzed for chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) content. Quantification of the heavy metals were carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Cr, As, Cd, and Pb, and an automatic mercury analyzer for Hg. The median concentration of these heavy metals in dried fish were 0.358 mg/kg, 2.653 mg/kg, 0.032 mg/kg, 0.083 mg/kg, and 0.042 mg/kg, respectively. Pollution severity was ranked as dried Nemipterus-virgatus > dried Stolephorus chinensis > dried Thamnaconus modestus > dried river fish > dried Ctenopharyngodon idella, with As being the most predominant pollutant. All fish types showed severe As pollution. Non-carcinogenic risks were identified in the consumption of dried Nemipterus-virgatus and dried Stolephorus chinensis for both genders, while potential carcinogenic risks were associated with four of the fish types. Women faced higher health risks than men from dried fish consumption. Consequently, we advise consumers to minimize their intake of dried fish and regulatory agencies conduct regular monitoring of heavy metal levels in commercially available dried fish to avert potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Bai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dimei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nachuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine Science, Center for Hygiene Testing and Analysis, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jufeng Ye
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), National Preventive Medicine Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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More S, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Hernandez‐Jerez A, Bennekou SH, Koutsoumanis K, Lambré C, Machera K, Mennes W, Mullins E, Nielsen SS, Schlatter J, Schrenk D, Turck D, Younes M, Fletcher T, Greiner M, Ntzani E, Pearce N, Vinceti M, Vrijheid M, Georgiadis M, Gervelmeyer A, Halldorsson TI. Scientific Committee guidance on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8866. [PMID: 38974922 PMCID: PMC11224774 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
EFSA requested its Scientific Committee to prepare a guidance document on appraising and integrating evidence from epidemiological studies for use in EFSA's scientific assessments. The guidance document provides an introduction to epidemiological studies and illustrates the typical biases, which may be present in different epidemiological study designs. It then describes key epidemiological concepts relevant for evidence appraisal. This includes brief explanations for measures of association, exposure assessment, statistical inference, systematic error and effect modification. The guidance then describes the concept of external validity and the principles of appraising epidemiological studies. The customisation of the study appraisal process is explained including tailoring of tools for assessing the risk of bias (RoB). Several examples of appraising experimental and observational studies using a RoB tool are annexed to the document to illustrate the application of the approach. The latter part of this guidance focuses on different steps of evidence integration, first within and then across different streams of evidence. With respect to risk characterisation, the guidance considers how evidence from human epidemiological studies can be used in dose-response modelling with several different options being presented. Finally, the guidance addresses the application of uncertainty factors in risk characterisation when using evidence from human epidemiological studies.
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Almášiová S, Toman R, Pšenková M, Tančin V, Jančo I. Toxic Elements in Sheep Milk, Whey, and Cheese from the Environmentally Burdened Area in Eastern Slovakia and Health Risk Assessment with Different Scenarios of Their Consumption. TOXICS 2024; 12:467. [PMID: 39058119 PMCID: PMC11280966 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the content of 17 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and Zn) in samples of sheep milk, cheese, and whey (36 samples in total) collected from a farm in an environmentally burdened area due to the long-term mining and industrial activity in Slovakia as well as to determine the possible risk of consumption via health risk assessment calculations. Consumption of 120 g of milk, 500 g of milk, 20 g of cheese, and 100 g of cheese were used in calculations for children and adults, respectively. According to the results, concentrations of four elements are controversial. Lead concentrations in all types of samples exceeded the maximum permissible lead limit in milk set by European Union legislation. The content of Se and As is problematic for children's consumption, and the target hazard quotient for As and Al is higher than one (considered potentially not safe) in all scenarios. According to the target system approach, lead concentrations in milk and cheese could adversely influence the nervous system and kidneys of adults' and children's developmental and reproductive systems. Considering the worst-case scenario, consuming sheep milk and cheese from the monitored areas could represent a risk and be potentially harmful to human health, mainly for children. However, further monitoring of the levels of elements and concentrations in environmentally burdened areas and more robust data on consumption are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Almášiová
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (S.A.); (M.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Róbert Toman
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (S.A.); (M.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Martina Pšenková
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (S.A.); (M.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimír Tančin
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (S.A.); (M.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivona Jančo
- AgroBioTech Research Center, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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12
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Guo F, Zeng P, Liu J, Hu H, Zhu W, Wang Y, Cheng H. Simultaneous quantification of tin and lead species in Antarctic krill and fish by interfacing high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based on strong cation-exchange and Amphion columns. Food Chem 2024; 443:138552. [PMID: 38295562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Tin and lead are a global concern considering their species-dependent toxicity, bioavailability and transformation. Simultaneous speciation analysis of tin and lead is challenging for a large food capacity containing unstable species. Herein, we developed two sensitive methods for rapid quantification of tin and lead species in Antarctic seafood by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based on strong cation-exchange and Amphion columns. Inorganic tin and lead, four organotin and two organolead compounds can be analysed in 16 min on a 10-cm Amphion II column (mobile phase: 4 mM sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate at pH 2.0) with 0.02-0.24 μg L-1 detection limits. The method was applied to Antarctic krill and fish, demonstrating the presence of any tin and lead species down to μg kg-1 level. Overall, the proposed methods are sensitive, efficient and environment-friendly for routine speciation analysis of tin and lead in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingxiu Zeng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Kasiotis KM, Zafeiraki E, Manea-Karga E, Kouretas D, Tekos F, Skaperda Z, Doumpas N, Machera K. Bioaccumulation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Fish from Thermaikos Gulf: Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment Assisted by a Computational Approach. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:701-716. [PMID: 38921650 PMCID: PMC11204809 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of contaminants in fish species is pivotal for fishes' health and reproduction, as well as for human health. In the specific work, three major categories of contaminants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and macro and trace elements, were investigated in two major fish species, Dicentrarchus labrax and Solea solea, collected from Thermaikos Gulf, in Greece. To achieve this goal, three analytical methods using LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, and ICP-MS were developed, validated, and applied to the collected fish samples. The results indicated a very low prevalence of caffeine and acetaminophen, both not exceeding 3.8 μg/kg fish. Similarly, thiabendazole, cypermethrin, and tricyclazole (pesticides) were found in a concentration range of 0.9 to 13.7 μg/kg fish, while in one D. labrax sample, traces of the metabolite of organochlorine pesticide DDT, o,p'-DDE were detected. Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Sr were the predominant trace elements in a concentration range of 500-20,000 μg/kg fish. Macro elements levels varied from 280 to 5405 mg/kg fish. Health risk assessment did not unveil an unacceptable risk for the human health of adults, apart from one sample presenting Hg above the regulatory levels. On the contrary, for children, the calculated hazard quotient values for Hg in all cases and for two As detections were higher than the threshold value of 1, indicating a potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Effrosyni Zafeiraki
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Electra Manea-Karga
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fotis Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (F.T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, 54645 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece; (E.M.-K.); (K.M.)
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14
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Passamonti S, Moldeus P, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Barat Baviera JM, Gott D, Herman L, Leblanc J, Wölfle D, Entrena JA, Gagliardi G, Rincon AM, Ruggeri L, Smeraldi C, Tard A, Castle L. Safety of soy leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii as a food additive. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8822. [PMID: 38946918 PMCID: PMC11211803 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additive and Flavourings (FAF Panel) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of soy leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii as a food additive in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008. The proposed food additive, LegH Prep, is intended to be used as a colour in meat analogue products. The yeast Komagataella phaffii strain MXY0541 has been genetically modified to produce soy leghemoglobin; the safety of the genetic modification is under assessment by the EFSA GMO Panel (EFSA-GMO-NL-2019-162). The amount of haem iron provided by soy leghemoglobin from its proposed uses in meat analogue products is comparable to that provided by similar amounts of different types of meat. The exposure to iron from the proposed food additive, both at the mean and 95th percentile exposure, will be below the 'safe levels of intake' established by the NDA Panel for all population groups. Considering that the components of the proposed food additive will be digested to small peptide, amino acids and haem B; the recipient (non GM) strain qualifies for qualified presumption of safety status; no genotoxicity concern has been identified and no adverse effects have been identified at the highest dose tested in the available toxicological studies, the Panel concluded that there was no need to set a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) and that the food additive does not raise a safety concern at the proposed use in food category 12.9 and maximum use level. The Panel concluded that the use of soy leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii MXY0541 as a new food additive does not raise a safety concern at the proposed use and use level. This safety evaluation of the proposed food additive remains provisional subject to the ongoing safety assessment of the genetic modification of the production strain by the GMO Panel (EFSA-GMO-NL-2019-162).
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15
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Tariba Lovaković B, Rašeta D, Lazarus M, Jurica K, Živković Semren T, Jurič A, Dramićanin A, Petrinec B, Bulog A, Brčić Karačonji I. Elemental and Radiological Characterisation of Arbutus unedo L. Leaves and Tea: Impact of Preparation Method on Nutritional Risk/Benefit. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04201-9. [PMID: 38702515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the elemental and radiological composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves and tea preparations and compare it with commercial Uvin H herbal mixture, widely used in treatment of urinary tract infections. The concentration of 17 elements and the activity concentration of selected radionuclides were measured in strawberry tree leaves/Uvin H herbal mixture, as well as in herbal tea prepared by infusion or decoction of leaves for 5 or 10 min. In both leaves and tea preparations, Ca, K, Mg, and Na were the most abundant elements, while the lowest levels were measured for As, Co, Mo, and Se. Only 137Cs and 40K were detected in analysed leaves/herbal mixture, while the activity of radionuclides in tea preparations was below the detection limit. The maximum possible health benefits can be obtained by a 10-min decoction of leaves, which resulted in the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity and levels of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Se in comparison to the other preparation methods evaluated in this study. The calculated intake of potentially toxic elements and radionuclides does not represent a health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Rašeta
- Division of Radiation Protection, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Jurica
- Special Security Operations Directorate, Ministry of the Interior, Ulica grada Vukovara 33, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Jurič
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Dramićanin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia
| | - Branko Petrinec
- Division of Radiation Protection, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena ulica 21, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Bulog
- Department of Health Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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16
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Tepanosyan G, Gevorgyan A, Albanese S, Baghdasaryan L, Sahakyan L. Compositional-geochemical characterization of lead (Pb) anomalies and Pb-induced human health risk in urban topsoil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:192. [PMID: 38696062 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Urban areas are characterized by a constant anthropogenic input, which is manifested in the chemical composition of the surface layer of urban soil. The consequence is the formation of intense anomalies of chemical elements, including lead (Pb), that are atypical for this landscape. Therefore, this study aims to explore the compositional-geochemical characteristics of soil Pb anomalies in the urban areas of Yerevan, Gyumri, and Vanadzor, and to identify the geochemical associations of Pb that emerge under prevalent anthropogenic influences in these urban areas. The results obtained through the combined use of compositional data analysis and geospatial mapping showed that the investigated Pb anomalies in different cities form source-specific geochemical associations influenced by historical and ongoing activities, as well as the natural geochemical behavior of chemical elements occurring in these areas. Specifically, in Yerevan, Pb was closely linked with Cu and Zn, forming a group of persistent anthropogenic tracers of urban areas. In contrast, in Gyumri and Vanadzor, Pb was linked with Ca, suggesting that over decades, complexation of Pb by Ca carbonates occurred. These patterns of compositional-geochemical characteristics of Pb anomalies are directly linked to the socio-economic development of cities and the various emission sources present in their environments during different periods. The human health risk assessment showed that children are under the Pb-induced non-carcinogenic risk by a certainty of 63.59% in Yerevan and 50% both in Gyumri and Vanadzor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevorg Tepanosyan
- The Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences, Abovyan-68, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia.
| | - Astghik Gevorgyan
- The Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences, Abovyan-68, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Lusine Baghdasaryan
- The Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences, Abovyan-68, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia
| | - Lilit Sahakyan
- The Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences, Abovyan-68, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia
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17
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Dusemund B, Mortensen A, Turck D, Wölfle D, Barmaz S, Mech A, Tard A, Gundert‐Remy U. Re-evaluation of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation as food additive for uses in foods for all population groups. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8748. [PMID: 38711804 PMCID: PMC11070944 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Guar gum (E 412) was re-evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). As a follow-up to this assessment, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of guar gum (E 412) for its uses as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories 13.1.1 (Infant formulae) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the issues already identified during the re-evaluation of the food additive when used in food for the general population. The process involved the publication of a call for data to allow the interested business operators to provide the requested information to complete the risk assessment. In the response to EFSA requests, one IBO stated that E 412 is not used in food categories 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1, but it is present in products under food category 13.1.5.2. The Panel concluded that the submitted data are not sufficient to support the safe use of guar gum (E 412) in food for infants (below and above 16 weeks of age) and young children under FC 13.1.1, 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2. Additionally, the Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the IBO support further amendments of the specifications for E 412 laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.
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18
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Ignacio S, Schlotthauer J, Sigrist M, Volpedo AV, Thompson GA. Potentially toxic trace elements in the muscle of coastal South American fish: Implications for human consumption and health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116384. [PMID: 38643585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Micropogonias furnieri and Urophycis brasiliensis are two coastal demersal fish species distributed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Considering that many coastal areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean suffer from anthropogenic pressure, the aim of this study was to assess the level of potentially toxic trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn) in the muscle of coastal species, and evaluated the human health risk related to the consumption of muscle. Mercury, inorganic As (Asi), V, and Se showed a higher contribution to the total THQ. Considering two possible scenarios, Asi represents 1 % or 5 % of the total As, the total THQ was <1 for general population and of some health concerns for fishermen population (Total THQ > 1; 5 % Asi). Consequently these results show the importance of quantifying As species in muscle to generate more reliable risk estimates for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ignacio
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonatan Schlotthauer
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos -PRINARC- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sigrist
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos -PRINARC- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alejandra V Volpedo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Thompson
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Moreno Jiménez E, Ferrol N, Corradi N, Peñalosa JM, Rillig MC. The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance metallic micronutrient uptake and mitigate food contamination in agriculture: prospects and challenges. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1441-1447. [PMID: 37737033 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing agroecosystems and crops for micronutrient uptake while reducing issues with inorganic contaminants (metal(loid)s) is a challenging task. One promising approach is to use arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and investigate the physiological, molecular and epigenetic changes that occur in their presence and that lead to changes in plant metal(loid) concentration (biofortification of micronutrients or mitigation of contaminants). Moreover, it is important to understand these mechanisms in the context of the soil microbiome, particularly those interactions of AMF with other soil microbes that can further shape crop nutrition. To address these challenges, a two-pronged approach is recommended: exploring molecular mechanisms and investigating microbiome management and engineering. Combining both approaches can lead to benefits in human health by balancing nutrition and contamination caused by metal(loid)s in the agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreno Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Departament, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jesús M Peñalosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
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20
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Yao L, Tan Z. Explainable machine learning for predicting the geographical origin of Chinese Oysters via mineral elements analysis. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100738. [PMID: 38659973 PMCID: PMC11039350 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The traceability of geographic origin is essential for guaranteeing the quality, safety, and protection of oyster brands. However, the current outcomes of traceability lack credibility as they do not adequately explain the model's predictions. Consequently, we conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of utilizing explainable machine learning combined with mineral elements analysis. The study findings revealed that 18 elements have the ability to determine regional orientation. Simultaneously, individuals should pay closer attention to the potential risks associated with oyster consumption due to the regional differences in essential and toxic elements they contain. Light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model exhibited indistinguishable performance, achieving flawless accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC, with values of 96.77%, 96.43%, 98.53%, 97.32% and 0.998, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to evaluate the output of the LightGBM model, revealing differences in feature interactions among oysters from different provinces. Specifically, the features Na, Zn, V, Mg, and K were found to have a significant impact on the predictive process of the model. Consistent with existing research, the use of explainable machine learning techniques can provide insights into the complex connections between important product attributes and relevant geographical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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21
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Guerrini A, Roncada P, Al-Qudah KM, Isani G, Pacicco F, Peloso M, Sardi L, Tedesco DEA, Romeo GA, Caprai E. Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1133. [PMID: 38612373 PMCID: PMC11010967 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic chicken farming has been promoted and spread in several Italian municipalities and worldwide as an aid to the self-consumption of domestically produced food. This study investigated the levels of four toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in eggs from an ethical laying hen farm, comparing the element concentrations with those possibly present in supermarket eggs. A total of 201 eggs, 141 from the farm and produced by different hen genotypes, and 60 from the supermarket, were collected. The levels of the toxic elements were evaluated in the yolk, albumen, and eggshells of all eggs. The results show that the supermarket eggs' yolk and albumen were more contaminated with lead, compared to the rural eggs. Contrarily, the mean content of arsenic was higher in the albumen and eggshells of the rural eggs, compared to the supermarket eggs. The cadmium content was below the LOQ (0.005 mg/kg) in all samples. The mercury content was below or around the LOQ in all rural eggs. Overall, the supermarket egg albumens were significantly more contaminated than the rural ones. No significant differences were found in quality parameters for both types of eggs. The toxic element values that were detected were in line with other studies in the literature. However, despite the concentrations found not representing a risk to the consumers' health, the results of this study raise a potential food safety issue, and it would be desirable to set specific MRLs for eggs for consumers' protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Khaled Mefleh Al-Qudah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Fausto Pacicco
- Department of Economics, LIUC Cattaneo University, Via Corso G. Matteotti 22, 21053 Castellanza, Italy;
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Sardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Directorate General for Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products (DGSAF), Italian Ministry of Health (MOH), Office 4, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caprai
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
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22
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Bzikowska-Jura A, Wesołowska A, Sobieraj P, Nawrocka A, Filipek A, Durkalec M, Katryńska D, Jedziniak P. Essential and non-essential element concentrations in human milk samples and the assessment of infants' exposure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8140. [PMID: 38584184 PMCID: PMC10999444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the data concerning element concentrations in human milk (HM) samples and their intake by infants are lacking in Poland, the present study aimed to explore this issue. The material consisted of HM samples obtained from 30 exclusively breastfeeding mothers during 4-6 weeks postpartum. Additionally, to identify the factors that may potentially affect HM composition, information regarding maternal data (anthropometry, body composition, and diet) was also collected. Maternal diet was assessed with two methods-a food frequency questionnaire and 3-day dietary records. In total, 18 essential and non-essential elements were determined. For the elements analysis, we used inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. Most of the elements (n = 11, 61%) were detected in all HM samples. In all HM samples tin concentration was higher (5.67 ± 2.39 μg/L) than the usual range reported by the World Health Organization (~ 1.0 μg/L). HM cadmium content was positively associated with maternal salty snacks intake (r = 0.502, p = 0.005), arsenic with whole-grain products intake (r = 0.37, p = 0.043), and mercury concentration with fruits and seeds/nuts consumption (r = 0.424, p = 0.042 and r = 0.378, p = 0.039, respectively). Higher HM lead concentration was predicted by maternal age (95% CI [0.94-0.97]), intake of fish (95% CI [1.01-1.03]), and vegetables (95% CI [1.02-1.06]). The highest infants' intake was observed for copper (35.24 ± 12.48) and the lowest for arsenic (0.076 ± 0.102). Infants' exposure to lead was associated with maternal frequency consumption of canned fish (p = 0.0045). There is a need to perform further research on this topic to maximize the benefits of breastfeeding by minimizing maternal and infant exposure to potentially toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wesołowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobieraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Maciej Durkalec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Danuta Katryńska
- The Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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23
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Théolier J, Dominguez S, Godefroy S. Lead exposure from honey: meta-analysis and risk assessment for the Arab region. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:271-286. [PMID: 38270899 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2306647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The Codex Alimentarius Commission has adopted a maximum level for lead in honey (0.1 mg/kg). Despite representing a population of more than half a billion, exposure and risk assessments for lead specific to the Arab region are lacking. The aim of this work was to collect analytical data for lead in honey available in Arab countries and to assess the risk caused by exposure to lead from these samples for local consumers. A regional mean lead concentration in honey, obtained through a meta-analysis of 57 studies, was used in deterministic risk assessments for adults (nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular effects) and young children (developmental neurotoxicity). A regional pooled mean concentration of 0.12 mg/kg [95%CI: 0.07-0.21] (0.13 mg/kg, if non-detects are considered at their highest possible value) was obtained. Margins of exposure of 363 [71-17182] and 865 [168-40909] were calculated for adults, and of 48 [9-2273] for children, indicating potential concern for the latter population subset. These values were produced using GEMS consumption data, and considering the same intake for both children and adults, potentially overestimating the risk for children. Nevertheless, food competent authorities should consider measures to reduce lead concentration in honey available for sale in the region to prevent trade constraints and to better protect vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Théolier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
| | - Silvia Dominguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Godefroy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), Québec, Canada
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24
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Guadalupe GA, Grandez-Yoplac DE, Arellanos E, Doménech E. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Metals, Acrylamide and Ochratoxin A in Instant Coffee from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Foods 2024; 13:726. [PMID: 38472839 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analysed the probabilistic risk to consumers associated with the presence of iAs, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, acrylamide (AA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in instant coffee from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The results found iAs to be the metal with the highest concentrations (3.50 × 10-2 to 6.00 × 10-2 mg/kg), closely followed by Pb (1.70 × 10-2 to 2.70 × 10-2 mg/kg) and Cr (5.00 × 10-3 to 1.00 × 10-2 mg/kg), although these differences were not significant between countries. Cd and Hg were not detected. Focusing on AA, the concentrations ranged from 1.77 × 10-1 mg/kg (Peru) to 4.77 × 10-1 mg/kg (Brazil), while OTA ranged from 1.32 × 10-3 (Peru) to 1.77 × 10-3 mg/kg (Brazil) with significant differences between countries in both cases. As regards risk, the hazard quotient and hazard index were less than 1, meaning that the consumption of instant coffee represents a low level of concern for non-genotoxic effects. The results of the combination of margin of exposure and probability of exceedance indicated that the non-genotoxic effects of Pb, AA and OTA pose no threat. However, the probability values of suffering cancer from iAs and AA (between 1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4) indicated a moderate risk and that management measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grobert A Guadalupe
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Dorila E Grandez-Yoplac
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Erick Arellanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental (INAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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25
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Zheng X, Guo C, Lv Z, Li J, Jiang H, Li S, Yu L, Zhang Z. Novel findings from arsenic‑lead combined exposure in mouse testicular TM4 Sertoli cells based on transcriptomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169611. [PMID: 38157908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) exist widespread in daily life, and they are common harmful substances in the environment. As and Pb pollute the environment more often in combination than in isolation. The TM4 Sertoli cell line is one of the most common normal mouse testicular Sertoli cell lines. In vitro, we found that the type of combined action of As and Pb on TM4 Sertoli cells was additive action by using the isobologram analysis. To further investigate the combined toxicity of As and Pb, we performed mRNA and miRNA sequencing on TM4 Sertoli cells exposed to As alone (4 μM NaAsO2) and AsPb combined (4 μM NaAsO2 and 150 μM PbAc), respectively. Compared with the control group, 1391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 6 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in the As group. Compared with the control group, 2384 DEGs and 44 DEMs were identified in the AsPb group. Compared with the As group, 387 DEGs and 4 DEMs were identified in the AsPb group. Through data analysis, we discovered for the first time that As caused the dysfunction of cholesterol synthesis and energy metabolism, and disrupted cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway in TM4 Sertoli cells. In addition to affecting cholesterol synthesis and energy metabolism, AsPb combined exposure also up-regulated the antioxidant reaction level of TM4 Sertoli cells. Meanwhile, the Wnt signaling pathway of TM4 Sertoli cells was relatively normal when exposed to AsPb. In conclusion, at the transcription level, the combined action of AsPb is not merely additive effect, but involves synergistic and antagonistic effects. The new discovery of the joint toxic mechanism of As and Pb breaks the stereotype of the combined action and provides a good theoretical basis and research clue for future study of the combined-exposure of harmful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Changming Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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26
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Köse BG, Pekmezci H, Basaran B. Bread Consumption-Induced Heavy Metal Exposures and Health Risk Assessment of Pregnant Women: Turkey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:473-480. [PMID: 37231318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Affordable, nutritious, and easily available bread has a significant place in the nutrition of pregnant women. This study aims to determine bread consumption-induced heavy metal exposure in pregnant women with different sociodemographic characteristics living in Turkey and to evaluate it for non-carcinogenic health risks. Bread consumption data of pregnant women covered a retrospective 24-h period. Heavy metal exposure was calculated according to the deterministic model. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was evaluated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Bread consumption-induced Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Cr, Co, Cd, and Hg exposures of all pregnant women (n = 446) were 44.0, 25.0, 6.62, 0.69, 0.15, 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.03, and < 0.00 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Bread consumption-induced Mn exposure was higher than the tolerable daily intake level. The HI (1.37 [Formula: see text] 1.71) related to bread consumption is greater than 1 in all pregnant women in different age groups and trimesters and bread consumption may cause some health concerns in terms of non-carcinogenic health risks for pregnant women. The bread consumption can be limited, but bread consumption should not be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Genç Köse
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Pekmezci
- Department of Health Care Services, Health Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
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27
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Dogruyol H, Mol S, Ulusoy Ş, Atanasoff A. Evaluation of Health Risks Attributed to Toxic Trace Elements and Selenium in Farmed Mediterranean Mussels from Türkiye and Bulgaria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04084-w. [PMID: 38296919 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Farmed mussels accumulate contaminants from their production environment rather than releasing them into water. This study reveals potential health risks associated with selenium, cadmium, mercury, and lead resulting from the consumption of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured along the coasts of Türkiye and Bulgaria. The concentrations of Se and toxic trace metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.100, 0.015, 0.025, and 0.180 µg/kg for Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The mean Se concentrations were between 1.305 and 1.957 µg/g, and toxic metals were below the maximum limits. Due to Turkish and Bulgarian consumers' limited mollusk consumption, mussels could only provide a maximum of 7.35% of the daily Se need. THQ and TTHQ of Se, Cd, and methyl-Hg were below 1, indicating that farmed mussels were safe for consumption. Percent PTWI values were calculated only for Cd and MeHg, as the PTWI value for Pb was discarded by the authorities and not determined for Se. Accordingly, weekly mussel consumption did not pose any risks. The margin of exposure approach was used to evaluate Pb intake. MOE-SBP and MOE-NE were significantly higher than 10, designating no significant health risks. Long-term consumption of mussels also does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the TR index calculated between 10-5 and 10-6 for Pb. Positive HBVSe (10.13-37.27) indicated that Se in mussels overcame Hg-related potential health concerns. Consequently, mussels grown in Türkiye and Bulgaria did not pose a risk for human consumption, based on current risk analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Dogruyol
- Department of Food Safety, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye.
| | - Suhendan Mol
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye
| | - Şafak Ulusoy
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye
| | - Alexander Atanasoff
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria
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28
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Nobile M, Mosconi G, Arioli F, Chiesa L, Peloso M, Accurso D, Butovskaya E, Fedrizzi G, Curci D, Panseri S. Evaluation of the Risk from Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Italy's Most Consumed Processed Fish Products. Foods 2024; 13:456. [PMID: 38338592 PMCID: PMC10855315 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In a balanced diet, regular fish consumption provides positive outcomes for human health. On the other hand, the seafood supply chain faces a significant food safety risk due to the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the present study, to assess the risk for Italian consumers, the concentrations of five PTEs, namely lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and aluminum, were determined in the three most consumed preserved fish in Italy: tuna (Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Samples were collected from the national market, and the instrumental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analyzed PTEs were found in all the species that were investigated. However, after considering the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI), it was observed that the three fish preserves did not pose any risk of chronic toxicity for the average consumer, even at the highest concentrations detected. However, for significant consumers, mercury detected in tuna samples represented almost 90% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) reported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing a matter of concern for consumers, particularly regarding developmental neurotoxicity, whose HI exceeded 111%. The acute toxicity of nickel was also considered for significant consumers at the highest concentration detected, and the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated was above 7000, much higher than the value of 30 indicated by EFSA. Due to the lack of data on non-professional carcinogenicity or human intake through foods with low cancer risk, this toxicity was not considered in the analysis of PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Damiano Accurso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Elena Butovskaya
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimica Alimenti e mangimi, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Dalia Curci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
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29
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Reale E, Zare Jeddi M, Paini A, Connolly A, Duca R, Cubadda F, Benfenati E, Bessems J, S Galea K, Dirven H, Santonen T, M Koch H, Jones K, Sams C, Viegas S, Kyriaki M, Campisi L, David A, Antignac JP, B Hopf N. Human biomonitoring and toxicokinetics as key building blocks for next generation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108474. [PMID: 38350256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Human health risk assessment is historically built upon animal testing, often following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines and exposure assessments. Using combinations of human relevant in vitro models, chemical analysis and computational (in silico) approaches bring advantages compared to animal studies. These include a greater focus on the human species and on molecular mechanisms and kinetics, identification of Adverse Outcome Pathways and downstream Key Events as well as the possibility of addressing susceptible populations and additional endpoints. Much of the advancement and progress made in the Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) have been primarily focused on new approach methodologies (NAMs) and physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling without incorporating human biomonitoring (HBM). The integration of toxicokinetics (TK) and PBK modelling is an essential component of NGRA. PBK models are essential for describing in quantitative terms the TK processes with a focus on the effective dose at the expected target site. Furthermore, the need for PBK models is amplified by the increasing scientific and regulatory interest in aggregate and cumulative exposure as well as interactions of chemicals in mixtures. Since incorporating HBM data strengthens approaches and reduces uncertainties in risk assessment, here we elaborate on the integrated use of TK, PBK modelling and HBM in chemical risk assessment highlighting opportunities as well as challenges and limitations. Examples are provided where HBM and TK/PBK modelling can be used in both exposure assessment and hazard characterization shifting from external exposure and animal dose/response assays to animal-free, internal exposure-based NGRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reale
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | | | - Alison Connolly
- UCD Centre for Safety & Health at Work, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics, School of Natural Science and the Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Radu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jos Bessems
- VITO HEALTH, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kate Jones
- HSE - Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK
| | - Craig Sams
- HSE - Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Machera Kyriaki
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8, Stephanou Delta Street, 14561 Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Campisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Flashpoint srl, Via Norvegia 56, 56021 Cascina (PI), Italy
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Nancy B Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Cheyns K, Mirat M, Rincon AM, Tard A, Zakidou P, Fürst P. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of quillaia extract (E 999) as a food additive and safety of the proposed extension of uses. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8563. [PMID: 38322232 PMCID: PMC10844984 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Quillaia extract (E 999) was re-evaluated in 2019 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF). EFSA derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 3 mg saponins/kg bw per day for E 999. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, the present follow-up opinion assesses data provided by interested business operators (IBOs) to support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 999. Additionally, this opinion deals with the assessment of the proposed extension of use for E 999 in food supplements supplied in a solid and liquid form, excluding food supplements for infants and young children and, as a carrier in botanical nutrients. The Panel concluded that the proposed extension of use, if authorised, could result in an exceedance of the ADI at the maximum of the ranges of the mean for children, adolescents and the elderly, and for all populations at the 95th percentile. An additional proposed extension of use for E 999 to be used as a carrier for glazing agents on entire fresh fruits and vegetables has been received. Since no information on the proposed use levels of E 999 on a saponins content basis has been provided by this applicant, the Panel was not able to evaluate the safety of this extension of use. Considering the technical data submitted, the Panel recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 999, mainly to lower the limits for lead, mercury and arsenic and to include a maximum limit for cadmium and for calcium oxalate. The Panel also recommended that the limits would be expressed on a saponins basis. The Panel proposed to revise the definition of E 999 to better describe the composition in a qualitative way.
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Niezgoda M, Dziubanek G, Rogala D, Niesler A. Health Risks for Consumers of Forest Ground Cover Produce Contaminated with Heavy Metals. TOXICS 2024; 12:101. [PMID: 38393196 PMCID: PMC10892603 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of heavy metal (HM) mining and processing industries causes soils contamination with HM. The metals could be transferred from contaminated soils to edible plants and fungi. This study aimed to assess the content of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, and Ni in berries and edible mushrooms collected in the forests located near Miasteczko Slaskie zinc smelter and in the Lubliniec region, in the context of consumers' health risk. METHODS The ET-AAS method was used to determine the content of Cd, Pb, Ni, and As. Mercury concentration was determined using the CV-AFS method. RESULTS The studies showed high levels of Cd and Pb in the examined products. A statistically significant impact of the distance from the smelter on the Cd concentration in the berries was observed. Total non-cancer health risk from the combined exposure of adults to all HM in mushrooms and berries was significant when consuming the most heavily contaminated produce. The risk to children was significant, even when consuming products with moderate levels of the metals. Ingestion of Cd by children with mushrooms was related to a high cancer risk. The uncertainty of the results was determined. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended to take action to increase awareness among residents of the areas adjacent to the forests regarding the existing health risk and to take possible measures to reduce exposure to HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niezgoda
- School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dziubanek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Danuta Rogala
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Anna Niesler
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland;
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Nucera S, Serra M, Caminiti R, Ruga S, Passacatini LC, Macrì R, Scarano F, Maiuolo J, Bulotta R, Mollace R, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Oppedisano F, Ilari S, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. Non-essential heavy metal effects in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of systematic reviews. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1332339. [PMID: 38322770 PMCID: PMC10844381 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1332339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most important cause of premature death and disability worldwide. Environmental degradation and cardiovascular diseases are two keys to health challenges, characterized by a constant evolution in an industrialized world that exploits natural resources regardless of the consequences for health. The etiological risk factors of CVDs are widely known and include dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and chronic cigarette consumption. However, one component that is often underestimated is exposure to heavy metals. The biological perspective explains that different metals play different roles. They are therefore classified into essential heavy metals, which are present in organisms where they perform important vital functions, especially in various physiological processes, or non-essential heavy metals, with a no biological role but, nonetheless, remain in the environment in which they are absorbed. Although both types of metal ions are many times chemically similar and can bind to the same biological ligands, the attention given today to nonessential metals in several eukaryotic species is starting to raise strong concerns due to an exponential increase in their concentrations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess possible correlations between exposure to nonessential heavy metals and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, reporting the results of studies published in the last 5 years through March 2023. Methods The studies includes reviews retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and following the PICO (Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Population) framework. Results Eight reviews, including a total of 153 studies, were identified. Seven of these review enlighted the association between CVDs and non-essential heavy metals chronic exposure. Discussion It is evident that exposure to heavy metals represent a risk factor for CVDs onset. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effects caused by these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Systems Medicine, University “Tor Vergata” of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Science of Health Department, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Science of Health Department, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Pain, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Pain, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Catanzaro, Italy
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Huang JL, Li ZY, Mao JY, Chen ZM, Liu HL, Liang GY, Zhang DB, Wen PJ, Mo ZY, Jiang YM. Contamination and health risks brought by arsenic, lead and cadmium in a water-soil-plant system nearby a non-ferrous metal mining area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115873. [PMID: 38150749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s contamination prevails in the water-soil-plant system around non-ferrous metal mining areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal(loid)s contamination in Nandan Pb-Zn mining area (Guangxi, China). A total of 36 river water samples, 75 paired paddy soil and rice samples, and 128 paired upland soil and plant samples were collected from this area. The concentrations of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in these samples were measured. Results showed that the average water quality indexes (WQIs) at the 12 sampling sites along the main river ranged from 41 to 5008, indicating the water qualities decreasing from "Excellent" to "Undrinkable". The WQIs nearby tailings or industrial park were significantly higher than those at the other sites. 34.0% and 64.5% of soil samples exceeded the risk screening values for As and Cd. The Pb and Cd concentrations in all rice samples exceeded the Chinese food safety limits by 18.7% and 82.7%, respectively. Leafy vegetables had a higher concentration of As, Pb, and Cd than other vegetables, exceeding the maximum permissible limits by 14.1%, 61.2%, and 40.0%, respectively. The biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) of Cd was the highest in rice and lettuce leaves. The hazard quotients (HQs) of As and Cd, indicating non-carcinogenic risks, were 4.15 and 1.76 in adult males, and 3.40 and 1.45 in adult females, all higher than the permitted level (1.0). The carcinogenic probabilities of As and Cd from rice and leafy vegetables consumption were all higher than 1 × 10-4. We conclude that metal(loid)s contamination of the water-soil-plant system has posed great non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong-Li Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Zhong-You Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jing-Ying Mao
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Chen
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liu
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Gui-Yun Liang
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Da-Biao Zhang
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Ping-Jing Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Mo
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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De Simone R, Ajmone-Cat MA, Tartaglione AM, Calamandrei G, Minghetti L. Maternal suboptimal selenium intake and low-level lead exposure affect offspring's microglial immune profile and its reactivity to a subsequent inflammatory hit. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21448. [PMID: 38052845 PMCID: PMC10698039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients such as selenium (Se) are essentials since prenatal life to support brain and cognitive development. Se deficiency, which affects up to 1 billion people worldwide, can interact with common adverse environmental challenges including (Pb), exacerbating their toxic effects. Exploiting our recently validated rat model of maternal Se restriction and developmental low Pb exposure, our aims were to investigate: (i) the early consequences of suboptimal Se intake and low-Pb exposure on neuroinflammation in neonates' whole brains; (ii) the potential priming effect of suboptimal Se and low-Pb exposure on offspring's glial reactivity to a further inflammatory hit. To these aims female rats were fed with suboptimal (0.04 mg/kg; Subopt) and optimal (0.15 mg/kg; Opt) Se dietary levels throughout pregnancy and lactation and exposed or not to environmentally relevant Pb dose in drinking water (12.5 µg/mL) since 4 weeks pre-mating. We found an overall higher basal expression of inflammatory markers in neonatal brains, as well as in purified microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, from the Subopt Se offspring. Subopt/Pb cultures were highly activated than Subopt cultures and showed a higher susceptibility to the inflammatory challenge lipopolysaccharide than cultures from the Opt groups. We demonstrate that even a mild Se deficiency and low-Pb exposure during brain development can influence the neuroinflammatory tone of microglia, exacerbate the toxic effects of Pb and prime microglial reactivity to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. These neuroinflammatory changes may be responsible, at least in part, for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Simone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - M A Ajmone-Cat
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Tartaglione
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Calamandrei
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - L Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Hardisson A, Martín V, Revert C, Pestana Fernandes PJ, Horta Lopes DJ, Paz-Montelongo S. Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from Cereals Marketed in Madeira and the Azores. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5861-5870. [PMID: 36943550 PMCID: PMC10620312 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cereals and cereal-based foods continue to be basic foods in all diets. Despite being known for their high nutritional value; they can also contain contaminants (hazards) such as toxic metals. This study assesses the Cd, Pb and Hg dietary exposure from cereals and derivatives marketed in Madeira and the Azores and characterizes the risks by evaluating the Cd and Hg intake contributions to the tolerable intakes and by estimating the Margin of Exposure (MOE) in the case of Pb. In Madeira, metals follow the descending order of Cd > Pb > Hg. Cd stands out as having the highest levels (0.307 mg Cd/kg in oats; 0.237 mg/kg in rye). High levels of Pb (0.347 mg/kg) were also detected in rye. Regarding total mercury, rice stands out (0.0013 mg/kg) followed by wheat (0.001 mg/kg). While all cereals and derivatives except maize consumed in Madeira exceed the maximum value of Cd allowed by the EU, 50.0% of the rye and 25.0% of the corn flour samples exceeded the European Pb limit. The daily consumption of 100 g of oats, rye flour and rye represent high contributions to the TWI of Cd (93.2 - 120%). The MOE values of Pb from the consumption of rye (100 g/day) are 1,294 (nephrotoxic effects) and 3,082 (cardiotoxic effects). In the Azores, corn flour (0.72 mg Pb/kg) stands out with 85.7% of the samples exceeding the maximum Pb EU limit and MOE values of 626 (nephrotoxic effects) and 1,490 (cardiotoxic effects). Regular daily consumption of corn flour makes a low (< 10%) contribution to the Cd TDI. In conclusion, the Pb exposure from the consumption of cereals and derivatives could have toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity or cardiotoxicity in adults. The results highlight the need to set up monitoring and surveillance programs for the safety of cereals and their derivatives in Madeira and the Azores in terms of lead and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Alimentaria Y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Alimentaria Y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Alimentaria Y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Las Palmas, Servicio Canario de Salud, 35004, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Consuelo Revert
- Departamento de Medicina Física Y Farmacología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Paulo Jorge Pestana Fernandes
- Divisão de Análises de Resíduos E Contaminantes. Secretaria Regional de Agricultura E Desenvolvimento Rural. Direção Regional de Agricultura E Desenvolvimento Rural. Direção de Serviços Dos Laboratórios Agrícolas E Agroalimentares, Laboratório Regional de Veterinária E SegurançaAlimentar. Caminho das Quebradas de Baixo, N.º 79 - 9000-254, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - David João Horta Lopes
- Ce3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Alimentaria Y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain.
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Passamonti S, Moldeus P, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Barat Baviera JM, Gott D, Herman L, Leblanc J, Wölfle D, Entrena JA, Consuelo C, Mech A, Multari S, Palaniappan V, Ruggeri L, Smeraldi C, Tard A, Castle L. Safety evaluation of the food additive steviol glycosides, predominantly Rebaudioside M, produced by fermentation using Yarrowia lipolyticaVRM. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8387. [PMID: 38125973 PMCID: PMC10731492 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additive and Flavourings (FAF Panel) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of a new process to produce steviol glycosides by fermentation of simple sugars using a genetically modified strain of Yarrowia lipolytica (named Y. lipolytica VRM). The manufacturing process may result in impurities different from those that may be present in the other steviol glycosides E 960a-d, therefore the Panel concluded that separate specifications are required for the food additive produced as described in the current application. Viable cells and DNA from the production strain are not present in the final product. The Panel considered that the demonstration of the absence of kaurenoic acid in the proposed food additive, using a method with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 mg/kg, is adequate to dispel the concerns for potential genotoxicity. Given that all steviol glycosides follow the same metabolic pathways, the Panel considered that the current steviol glycosides would fall within the same group of substances. Therefore, the Panel considered that the already existing data on rebaudioside M and structurally related steviol glycosides are sufficient, and a similar metabolic fate and toxicity is expected for the food additive. The results from the bacterial reverse mutation assay and the in vitro micronucleus assay were negative and indicated absence of genotoxicity from the food additive. The existing acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, expressed as steviol equivalents, was considered to be applicable to the proposed food additive. The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for steviol glycosides, predominantly Rebaudioside M, produced by fermentation using Y. lipolytica VRM, to be used as a food additive at the proposed uses and use levels.
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Rendueles E, Mauriz E, Sanz-Gómez J, González-Paramás AM, Vallejo-Pascual ME, Adanero-Jorge F, García-Fernández C. Biochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Propolis from Northern Spain. Foods 2023; 12:4337. [PMID: 38231851 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial characteristics of propolis, a bioactive compound collected from hives, have prompted its use in the food sector in recent times. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics, phenolic profile, and antioxidant capacity of 31 propolis extracts collected from Northern Spain. The physicochemical composition (resins, waxes, ashes mineral content, and heavy metals) was within the allowable regulatory limits. The analysis of bioactive compounds enabled the identification of 51 constituents: flavonoids (apigenin, catechin, chrysin, quercetin, and pinocembrin) and phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and coumaric). The mean value of total polyphenols was 42.72 ± 13.19 Pinocembrin-Galangin Equivalents/100 g, whereas a range between 1.64 ± 0.04 and 4.95 ± 0.36 Quercetin Equivalents (QE) g/100 g was found for total flavonoids content. The determination of bioactivities revealed significant antioxidant capacity using DPPH (1114.28 ± 10.39 µM Trolox Equivalents and 3487.61 ± 318.66 µM Vitamin C Equivalents). Resin content in propolis samples was positively and significantly correlated with both polyphenols (rho = 0.365; p = 0.043) and flavonoid composition (rho = 0.615; p = 0.000) as well as the antioxidant capacity TEAC DPPH (rho = 0.415; p = 0.020). A multiple regression analysis modeled the correlation between resin composition, flavonoids, and TEAC DPPH values, yielding a significant regression equation (R2 = 0.618; F (2,28) = 22.629; p < 0.000; d = 2.299). Therefore, evaluating physicochemical parameters and biological activities provides a promising framework for predicting propolis' quality and antioxidant properties, thus suggesting its potential as a functional and bioactive compound for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rendueles
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
- ALINS, Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elba Mauriz
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
- ALINS, Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
- ALINS, Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Paramás
- GIP-USAL, Polyphenol Investigation Group, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María-E Vallejo-Pascual
- Quantitative Methods Area, Economical and Statistical Department, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Félix Adanero-Jorge
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Camino García-Fernández
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
- ALINS, Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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Job AL, Pasumpon N, Varma R, Vasudevan S. Evaluation of water quality and bioaccumulation of metals in commercially important fishes: a human health concern. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9807-9823. [PMID: 37851138 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of the coastal water and metal concentration in the muscle tissues of five commercially important fish species (Leiognathus equulus, Lates calcarifer, Sillago sihama, Scolopsis bimaculatus, Lutjanus fulviflamma) along Thondi coast, as well as the potential human health risks on consumption of these species were also studied. Water quality parameters, such as mean temperature (31.3 ± 1.86 °C), salinity (28.35 ± 0.79‰), pH (7.95 ± 0.22), TDS (12840 ± 1.49 mg L-1), TSS (310 ± 0.51 mg L-1) and DO (5.99 ± 0.14 mg L-1) were obtained. Various nutrients such as calcium (300.0 ± 36.05 mg L-1), inorganic phosphate (0.186 ± 0.02 μg L-1), magnesium (1077.6 ± 107.01 mg L-1), nitrate (1.584 ± 0.31 μg L-1), nitrite (1.179 ± 0.34 μg L-1), silicate (29.717 ± 1.93 μg L-1) and total phosphorus (0.153 ± 0.08 μg L-1) were also analysed. The concentration of metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the muscle tissue was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Arsenic, Cu and Pb were found to be highest in S. sihama; 1.2364 ± 0.12, 1.6102 ± 0.28 and 1.0103 ± 0.21 μg/g respectively. Cadmium and Zn were found maximum in S. bimaculatus; 0.0876 ± 0.04 and 1.0564 ± 0.16 μg/g respectively, whereas Cr was found highest in L. Calcarifer; 1.6781 ± 0.18 μg/g. Compared our results with FAO/WHO/EU regulations. The estimated daily intake (EDI) specifies that there is no risk of consuming these species. However, the target hazard quotient (THQ) in As is found to be > 1 in these fish species, which implies a possible danger to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneetta Libiya Job
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi, Tamil Nadu, 623 409, India
| | - Nigariga Pasumpon
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi, Tamil Nadu, 623 409, India
| | - Rahul Varma
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi, Tamil Nadu, 623 409, India
| | - Sugumar Vasudevan
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi, Tamil Nadu, 623 409, India.
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Benigni R, Boon P, Bolognesi C, Cordelli E, Chipman K, Sahlin U, Carfì M, Halamoda B, Mech A, Martino C, Multari S, Palaniappan V, Tard A, Mennes W. Scientific opinion on the renewal of the authorisation of proFagus Smoke R714 (SF-001) as a smoke flavouring Primary Product. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08363. [PMID: 38027451 PMCID: PMC10652307 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to evaluate the safety of the smoke flavouring Primary Product proFagus Smoke R714 (SF-001), for which a renewal application was submitted in accordance with Article 12(1) of Regulation (EC) No 2065/2003. This opinion refers to the assessment of data submitted on chemical characterisation, dietary exposure and genotoxicity of the Primary Product. ProFagus Smoke R714 is obtained by pyrolysis of beech and oak woods as main source materials. Based on the compositional data, the Panel noted that the identified and quantified proportion of the solvent-free fraction amounts to 39 weight (wt)%, thus the applied method does not meet the legal quality criterion that at least 50% of the solvent-free fraction shall be identified and quantified. At the maximum proposed use levels, dietary exposure estimates calculated with DietEx ranged from 0.7 to 10.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day at the mean and from 2.2 to 42.5 mg/kg bw per day at the 95th percentile. The Panel concluded that three components in the Primary Product raise a potential concern for genotoxicity. In addition, a potential concern for genotoxicity was identified for the unidentified part of the mixture. The Primary Product contains furan-2(5H)-one, for which a concern for genotoxicity was identified in vivo upon oral administration. Considering that the exposure estimates for this component are above the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) of 0.0025 μg/kg bw per day for DNA-reactive mutagens and/or carcinogens, the Panel concluded that the Primary Product raises concern with respect to genotoxicity.
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Bergdahl IA. Correspondence on "Endocytosis-Mediated Transport of Pb in Rat Blood Cells". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15134-15135. [PMID: 37769196 PMCID: PMC10569031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,
Division of Sustainable Health, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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41
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Naccari C, Cicero N, Vadalà R, Bartolomeo G, Palma E. Toxicological analysis of metals content in agro-food wastes as possible supplement in animal feed. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37708330 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2257361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The agro-food surplus is considered the most abundant renewable resource, interesting for the economic and environmental impact, with a possible employment in different productive fields such as supplement in animal feed. For a safe and effective enhancement of agro-food wastes it is needed a toxicological analysis before of their employment, to avoid potential risks to animals, humans and environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metals content (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Mn, Se, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Sb, Mo, Cr and Pb, Cd, As, Ba), in agro-food wastes through ICP-MS analysis. The results obtained showed the presence of metals analysed with a significant content of essential micro and macro-elements; with regard to toxic metals, only strawberries and fennel samples showed Pb levels above the MRL. These data confirm, from the toxicological point of view, a possible and safe reuse of the most of all agro-food wastes, as raw material at low cost and rich of essential nutrients and particularly as supplement in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Naccari
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images - Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science 4 Life S.r.l., Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images - Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images - Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Alharbi NS, Akamsiei RM, Almaiman LA, AL‐Samti MA, Al‐Mutairi HS, Al‐owais BS, Alkhalaf MM, Bineid MA. Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5270-5282. [PMID: 37701205 PMCID: PMC10494610 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood exposure to heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) through baby foods unfolds many concerns about their toxic effects on growth and health. In this study, occurrence and dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb in stage 1 infant formula (0-6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7-12 months), cereal-based meals, and biscuits were estimated. First, the levels of As, Cd, and Pb were determined with ICP-MS, followed by the calculation of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for As and Cd, and margin of exposure (MoE) for Pb. Mean levels of As, Cd, and Pb were the highest in cereal-based meals and biscuits as 15.5-11.1, 5.18-8.76, and 35.2-53.8 μg/kg, respectively. Newborns to 6 months old infants were estimated to be the highest exposed population to Cd and Pb (0.08 and 0.36 μg/kg bw/day), while infants aged 7-12 months old were exposed the highest to As. Based on the THQ, HI, and MoE findings, the current exposure levels from the selected baby foods to As, Cd, and Pb pose low potential chronic risks to both infant age groups. This research provides a roadmap for future investigations in chemical contaminants often detected in baby foods consumed regularly by Saudi infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla S. Alharbi
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rawdah M. Akamsiei
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Lama A. Almaiman
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. AL‐Samti
- Reference Laboratory for Food ChemistrySaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S. Al‐Mutairi
- Reference Laboratory for Food ChemistrySaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Bandar S. Al‐owais
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Majid M. Alkhalaf
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- National Nutrition CommitteeSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Bineid
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food SectorSaudi Food and Drug AuthorityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Bellocci M, Leva M, Melai V, Milone S, Romeo GA, Rosato R, Scortichini G, Tammaro G, Diletti G. Rare earths and other elements content in hen eggs sold in Italy: comparison among main types of farming methods and consumer's health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97353-97362. [PMID: 37589852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, in Italy, consumers are choosing hen eggs from farming systems with higher ethical value, due to their perception of a related higher quality and safety. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the existence of differences in elemental content in Italian eggs from organic, barn, and caged hen farming methods and to determine the related potential consumer exposure risk to inorganic contaminants due to the consumption of eggs. One hundred seventy-six egg samples were collected and analyzed using Q-ICP-MS to investigate the content of 14 elements (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Tl, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se, Co, Ni, V, and Cr) and 13 rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb). The scenarios of exposure to rare earth and other elements from eggs were estimated for three age groups of consumers. The daily intake values were always lower than the respective safety reference values. In conclusion, Italian hen eggs contain low levels of rare earth and other elements, and therefore, their consumption does not represent a risk of exposure. Finally, no significant differences in contaminants between conventional and organic farming methods were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Bellocci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuela Leva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Valeria Melai
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
- Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Viale Giorgio Ribotta, 5 -, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Rosato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Scortichini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulio Tammaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Diletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Guadalupe GA, Chavez SG, Arellanos E, Doménech E. Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing. Foods 2023; 12:3254. [PMID: 37685188 PMCID: PMC10487125 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are chemical contaminants, toxic, potentially carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, stable, persistent and are of concern in the food chain. The risk to the consumer of the presence of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in five varieties (Bourbon, Típica, Catimor, Caturra and Pache) of parchment coffee from five regions (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco and San Martín) was investigated in this study. A predictive model of the stages of coffee bean hulling, roasting and infusion was built to simulate the process. The results by region showed significant differences in which San Martín had the highest iAs, Cr and Pb values. The variety was only significant for Cr, of which Pache presented the highest concentration. The Cd and Hg values were below the detection limits. The hazard index (HI) was less than 1 for iAs, Cd, Cr and Hg and the combination of margin of exposure and the probability of exceedance (MOE-POE) for Pb indicated that an adverse health effect was not likely. The cancer risk (CR) for iAs and Pb in the 95th percentile was considered as both high and acceptable, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grobert A. Guadalupe
- Instituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo Para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Segundo G. Chavez
- Instituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo Para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Erick Arellanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental (INAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Tanaviyutpakdee P, Karnpanit W. Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals and Microplastic-like Particles from Consumption of Bivalves. Foods 2023; 12:3018. [PMID: 37628017 PMCID: PMC10453466 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and microplastic (MP)-like particles in bivalves and estimate the exposure of the Thai population to these contaminants due to bivalve consumption. Clams, mussels and cockles were purchased from five wholesale seafood markets located on the upper Gulf of Thailand during the period 2017-2019. Determinations of Cd and Pb in the bivalves were conducted using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS). Visualization was conducted using a stereomicroscope to investigate the morphology and content of MP-like particles in the bivalve samples. The average Pb contents in clams, mussels and cockles were 112, 64 and 151 µg/kg wet wt., respectively. The average Cd contents were 126, 107 and 457 µg/kg wet wt. for clams, mussels and cockles, respectively. The average number of MP-like particles in bivalve samples varied from not detected to 1.2 items/g wet wt. and not detected to 4.3 items/individual. The exposure to Pb, Cd and MP-like particles due to bivalve consumption varied between 0.005 and 0.29 µg/kg bw/day, 0.017 and 28.9 µg/kg bw/month and 0.015 and 27.5 items/person/day, respectively. There was no potential health risk of exposure to Pb and Cd due to bivalve consumption in any age group. However, a high consumption of cockles with high Cd levels (the worst-case scenario) in children may be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weeraya Karnpanit
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Duyar HA, Bayrakli B, Altuntas M. Effects of floods resulting from climate change on metal concentrations in whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:979. [PMID: 37479863 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the effect of flooding caused by heavy precipitation, postulated to be one of the consequences of climate change, on toxic metal concentrations in two demersal fish species, whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus), was investigated. For both demersal fish species, concentrations of Hg, Fe, Cd, Pb, Se, Al, Zn, Cu, Sr, B, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ba, and Li were compared between samples taken from Türkeli, Sinop, Black Sea, before and after the flood event in August 2021. Hg, Mn, Se, Li, B, and Sr metal concentrations increased in whiting and in red mullet in the post-flood samples. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, cancer risk, the maximum allowable daily consumption rate and minimum daily requirements, and health risk analyses indicated that daily consumption of whiting and red mullet was risky due to the heavy metal Hg level after the flood. In addition, it was found that the samples had higher levels of Se than Hg, Se/Hg ratios were above 1, and Se-HBV were positive. Therefore, whiting and red mullet fishing should be restricted for a limited time period in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunkar Avni Duyar
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Baris Bayrakli
- Vocational School of Fisheries, Sinop University, 57100, Sinop, Turkey.
| | - Mutlu Altuntas
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sinop University, 57100, Sinop, Turkey
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47
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Passamonti S, Moldeus P, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Cheyns K, Fitzgerald R, Mirat M, Mortensen A, Ulbrich B, Woutersen R, Laganaro M, Rincon AM, Ruggeri L, Smeraldi C, Gundert‐Remy U. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of glycerol esters of wood rosins (E 445) as a food additive. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08110. [PMID: 37476082 PMCID: PMC10355140 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol esters of wood rosin (GEWR) (E 445) were re-evaluated in 2018. On the toxicity database and given the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 12.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for GEWR (E 445) established by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1994 was considered temporary. The conclusions of the assessment were restricted to GEWR derived from Pinus palustris and Pinus elliottii and with a chemical composition in compliance with GEWR used in the toxicological testing. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, the present follow-up opinion assesses data provided by interested business operators (IBOs). Considering the technical data submitted by IBOs, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 445, mainly a revision of the definition of the food additive and lowering the limits for toxic elements. Considering the available toxicological database evaluated during the re-evaluation of E 445 by the ANS Panel in 2018, and the toxicological studies submitted by the IBOs, the Panel established an ADI of 10 mg/kg bw per day based on the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 976 mg/kg bw per day from the newly available dietary reproduction/developmental toxicity screening study in rats and applying an uncertainty factor of 100. Since GEWR from P. palustris and P. elliottii were tested in the toxicity studies considered to establish the ADI and in the absence of detailed information on the chemical composition (major constituents) in GEWR generated from other Pinus species, thus not allowing read across, the ADI is restricted to the GEWR (E 445) manufactured from P. palustris and P. elliottii. The Panel concluded that there was no safety concern for the use of GEWR (E 445), at either the maximum permitted levels or at the reported uses and use levels.
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Varrà MO, Husáková L, Patočka J, Ianieri A, Ghidini S, Zanardi E. Cadmium, lead, and mercury in two commercial squid species from the north Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean): contamination levels and health risk assessment. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11037. [PMID: 37405142 PMCID: PMC10316270 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in European squids (Loligo vulgaris) and flying squids (Todarodes sagittatus) from the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) were analyzed. The risk of the Italian population being exposed to potentially hazardous metal concentrations through the consumption of these products was also assessed. Compared to European squids, flying squids showed three times higher total Hg concentrations and one hundred times higher Cd concentrations to the point that more than 6 and 25% of the samples exceeded the maximum Hg and Cd limits established by the current legislation. From the evaluation of dietary exposure levels, it emerged that the consumption of flying squids was associated with the highest Pb intake by children and, consequently, with the lower margin of exposure values in relation to the risk of neurotoxicity (margin of exposure=33). Consumption of flying squids, especially by children, was also associated with higher intakes of Cd, inorganic, and methyl-Hg, which, respectively, accounted for 156, 113, and 23% of the tolerable weekly intakes established for these contaminants at European level. The obtained results raise concern and it may be necessary to provide specific dietary advice on the moderate dietary consumption of some cephalopod species, especially to the youngest and most vulnerable segment of the population. However, besides the highly conservative deterministic method adopted in this study, a refined consumer exposure assessment should be performed through the probabilistic methodology, which is more suitable to represent the real exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Husáková
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Patočka
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Bakhshalizadeh S, Liyafoyi AR, Fazio F, Mora-Medina R, Ayala-Soldado N. Health risk assessment of heavy metal concentration in muscle of Chelon auratus and Chelon saliens from the southern Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3377-3385. [PMID: 36322228 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most serious pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and their accumulation in fish products causes harmful effects on human health. In this context, we set out to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the muscle of two fish species of commercial interest, Chelon auratus and Chelon saliens on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the degree of environment contamination in this area and to estimate the potential risk to human health derived from the consumption of fish. The mean concentrations of the different metals analysed were very varied in both species. In fact, some concentrations exceeded the permissible limits for the protection of human health for Cd and Pb, and some values of As were above those referenced by other authors in same species in the Caspian Sea. None of the estimated daily intake values exceeded the tolerable intake based on the consumption under consideration. Nonetheless, the accumulative hazard values evidenced a potential risk to human health, Pb and Hg being those giving a higher target hazard quotient. The cancer risk from exposure to As from fish consumption in children was above the "acceptable" risk to life. Thus, in view of the accumulative nature of heavy metals, a moderate and non-abusive fish consumption in this area, particularly in children, would be recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Bakhshalizadeh
- Department of Marine Science, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | | | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Mora-Medina
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nahúm Ayala-Soldado
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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Pipoyan D, Beglaryan M, Davtyan L, Stepanyan S, Mantovani A. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to trace elements that are reproductive toxicants: Lead, molybdenum and nickel. The case study of Armenia. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108382. [PMID: 37028565 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The research aimed to assess dietary exposure to developmental toxicants (Mo, Ni, Pb) among the Armenian adult female population of reproductive age (18-49 years). Commonly consumed foods with a daily intake of more than 1g in Armenia have been selected to assess the occurrence of Mo, Ni, and Pb. Food consumption data among the adult population in Armenia were collected in the frame of the national survey via 24-h recall method. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) and associated potential health risks for both mean and high (95 percentile) consumers were assessed based on the health-based guidance values (HBGVs). None of the EDI values for the developmental toxicants via individual food consumption exceeded the HBGVs, however, the EDI of Pb in the case of aggregate consumption of all food products exceeded HBGV of 0.5μg/kg b.w./day, indicating possible concerns for the neurodevelopmental effects. Noticeably, the intake of Pb through some individual food items (cheese curd, beef and veal, pelmeni and khinkali, black coffee, tap water) and the aggregate consumption of all the studied foods led to a Margin of Exposure lower than 10 compared to HBGV. This study is the first one carried out on dietary exposure to developmental toxicants among women of fertile age in a Caucasus country. The outcomes prompt the need to investigate sources of Pb pollution in foods consumed in Armenia (natural or human-derived environmental pollution, as well as food contact materials, etc.) and may pave the way for similar studies in the Caucasus region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
| | | | - Lusine Davtyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
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