1
|
Gonzalez-Ramirez M, Cerezo AB, Valero E, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC. From tyrosine to hydroxytyrosol: a pathway involving biologically active compounds and their determination in wines by ultra performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39041432 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a bioactive compound present in a limited number of foods such as wines, olives, and olive oils. During alcoholic fermentation, yeast converts aromatic amino acids into higher alcohols such as tyrosol, which can undergo hydroxylation into HT. The aim of this study was to validate an analytical method using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS-MS) to quantify HT and its precursors (tyrosine, hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and tyrosol) in wines. Their occurrence was evaluated in a total of 108 commercial Spanish wine samples. RESULTS The validated method simultaneously determined both HT and its precursors, with adequate limits of detection between 0.065 and 21.86 ng mL-1 and quantification limits between 0.199 and 66.27 ng mL-1 in a 5 min run. The concentration of HT in red wines was significantly higher (0.12-2.24 mg L-1) than in white wines (0.01-1.27 mg L-1). The higher the alcoholic degree, the higher was the content of HT. The bioactive 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was identified in Spanish wines for the first time at 3.90-127.47 mg L-1, being present in all the samples. CONCLUSION The highest HT concentrations were found in red wines and in wines with higher ethanol content. These data are useful for a further estimation of the intake of these bioactive compounds and to enlarge knowledge on chemical composition of wines. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gonzalez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana B Cerezo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tkaczyńska A, Rytel E, Kucharska AZ, Kolniak-Ostek J, Sokół-Łętowska A. The Influence of the Addition of Fruit and Vegetable Concentrates on the Stability of Anthocyanins in Juices from Colored Potatoes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7584. [PMID: 39062826 PMCID: PMC11276909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the factors precluding potato juice application in the food industry is its propensity for enzymatic browning. The addition of fruit and vegetable concentrates rich in organic acids can reduce unfavorable changes in the color of potato juices and influence the content of biologically active compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the addition of natural fruit and vegetable concentrates to potato juices on their color and on the composition and contents of anthocyanin pigments isolated from them. The color, composition and amount of anthocyanins in potato juices and dyes were determined using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC MS/MS liquid chromatography. It was found that the juices without concentrate addition had, on average, 61% lower total polyphenol content and 63% lower anthocyanin content compared with the juices with added concentrates. The isolated pigments contained, on average, 30-40 times more anthocyanins compared with those isolated from the non-purified juices. Furthermore, the addition of concentrates enabled ca. 3-5 times more effective isolation of anthocyanins compared with the samples without these additives. Potato juices and dyes with the addition of concentrates showed a lighter color that did not change over time, compared with samples without concentrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tkaczyńska
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Rytel
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.K.); (J.K.-O.); (A.S.-Ł.)
| | - Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.K.); (J.K.-O.); (A.S.-Ł.)
| | - Anna Sokół-Łętowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.K.); (J.K.-O.); (A.S.-Ł.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Allagui MB, Ben Amara M. Effectiveness of Several GRAS Salts against Fungal Rot of Fruit after Harvest and Assessment of the Phytotoxicity of Sodium Metabisufite in Treated Fruit. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:359. [PMID: 38786714 PMCID: PMC11121991 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the efficacy of the salts sodium metabisulfite (SMB), ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate first in vitro against the main postharvest fruit rot fungi, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum, and Penicillium digitatum. Results showed that 0.2% SMB completely inhibited the mycelium growth of the fungal species. Ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate were less effective at 0.2% in inhibiting mycelial growth, ranging from 57.6% to 77.6%. The least effective was potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Experiments were also performed in vivo on wounded apples inoculated with the most pathogenic fungus, B. cinerea, and treated with SMB at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%, both preventively and curatively. Results based on the decay size showed that SMB, when used as a preventive treatment, had a reduced efficacy, even with the highest concentration. However, this salt proved to be very effective at 0.5% in curative treatment since the decay was completely blocked. Our results suggest that the appropriate concentration of SMB for post-harvest treatment is 0.5% as a curative treatment. On the other hand, the 1% dose induced the onset of phytotoxicity around the wound. To assess the extent of the phytotoxicity reaction, higher concentrations of 1-4% SMB were applied to wounded fruit. Apples and oranges were inoculated or not with B. cinerea and P. digitatum, respectively. Doses of 1-4% induced phytotoxicity in the form of a discolored ring surrounding the wound on the epidermis of the fruit; this phytotoxicity enlarged as the concentration of SMB increased. The phytotoxic features were similar on apples and oranges. The methodological procedure made it possible to carry out a quantitative assessment of SMB phytotoxicity. This method is proposed as an easy-to-use technique for quantitatively estimating the phytotoxicity of antifungal compounds on post-harvest fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bechir Allagui
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Rue Hedi Karray, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dänicke S, Carlson L, Heymann AK, Grümpel-Schlüter A, Doupovec B, Schatzmayr D, Streit B, Kersten S, Kluess J. Inactivation of zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in complete feed for weaned piglets: Efficacy of ZEN hydrolase ZenA and of sodium metabisulfite (SBS) as feed additives. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00486-2. [PMID: 37249806 PMCID: PMC10393848 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Female pigs respond sensitive both to DON and ZEN with anorexia and endocrine disruption, respectively, when critical diet concentrations are exceeded. Therefore, the frequent co-contamination of feed by DON and ZEN requires their parallel inactivation. The additive ZenA hydrolyzes ZEN while SBS inactivates DON through sulfonation. Both supplements were simultaneously added (+, 2.5 g SBS and 100 U ZenA/kg) to a control diet (CON-, 0.04 mg DON and < 0.004 mg ZEN/kg; CON+, 0.03 mg DON and < 0.004 mg ZEN/kg) and a Fusarium toxin contaminated diet (FUS-, 2.57 mg DON and 0.24 mg ZEN/kg; FUS+, 2.04 mg DON and 0.24 mg ZEN/kg). The 4 diets were fed to 20 female weaned piglets each (6 kg initial body weight) for 35 days; the piglets were sacrificed thereafter for collecting samples. Supplements improved performance and modified metabolism and hematology independent of dietary DON contamination. The mechanisms behind these changes could not be clarified and require further consideration. SBS reduced DON concentration in feed by approximately 20% and to the same extent in blood plasma and urine suggesting that no further DON sulfonate formation occurred in the digestive tract before absorbing DON in the upper digestive tract or that additionally formed DON sulfonates escaped absorption. DON sulfonates were detected in feces suggesting that unabsorbed DON sulfonates reached feces and/or that unabsorbed DON was sulfonated in the hindgut. The observed reduction rate of 20% was evaluated to be insufficient for feeding practice. Galenic form of SBS added to dry feed needs to be improved to support the DON sulfonation in the proximal digestive tract.ZenA was active in the digestive tract as demonstrated by the presence of its hydrolyzed none-estrogenic reaction products hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN) and decarboxylated and hydrolyzed ZEN (DHZEN) both in feces, systemic circulation, and urine of group FUS+ compared to group FUS-. The presence of these hydrolysis products was paralleled by a significant decrease in high-estrogenic ZEN concentrations which, in turn, was related to a decrease in relative weights of uteri and ovaries when compared to group FUS-. Thus, ZenA was proven to be effective; both in terms of biomarkers and biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Linn Carlson
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Heymann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yildiz A, Ozhan O, Ulu A, Dogan T, Bakar B, Ugur Y, Taslidere E, Gokbulut I, Polat S, Parlakpinar H, Ates B, Vardi N. Effects of the apricot diets containing sulfur dioxide at different concentrations on rat testicles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27692-w. [PMID: 37204578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is widely used in foods and beverages to prevent the growth of microorganisms and to preserve the color and flavor of fruits. However, the amount of SO2 used in fruit preservation should be limited due to its possible adverse effects on human health. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different SO2 concentrations in apricot diets on rat testes. Animals were randomly divided into six groups. The control group was fed a standard diet, and the other groups were fed apricot diet pellets prepared with (w/w) 10% dried apricots containing SO2 at different concentrations (1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 3500 ppm/kg) for 24 weeks. After sacrification, testicles were evaluated biochemically, histopathologically, and immunohistopathologically. Our results showed that an apricot diet containing 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm SO2 did not cause significant changes in testis. However, it was determined that tissue testosterone levels decreased as the amount of SO2 (2500 ppm and above) increased. Apricot diet containing 3500 ppm SO2 caused a significant increase in spermatogenic cell apoptosis, oxidative damage, and histopathological changes. In addition, a decrease in the expression of connexin-43, vimentin, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was observed in the same group. In summary, the results show that sulfurization of apricot at high concentrations such as 3500 ppm may lead to male fertility problems in the long term through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, spermatogenic cell apoptosis, and inhibition of steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azibe Yildiz
- Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tugba Dogan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Busra Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Ugur
- Vocational School of Health Service, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Taslidere
- Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Incilay Gokbulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Polat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Huang J, Wang L, Li D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Novel insight into the role of sulfur dioxide in fruits and vegetables: Chemical interactions, biological activity, metabolism, applications, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37128783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a category of chemical compounds widely used as additives in food industry. So far, the use of SO2 in fruit and vegetable industry has been indispensable although its safety concerns have been controversial. This article comprehensively reviews the chemical interactions of SO2 with the components of fruit and vegetable products, elaborates its mechanism of antimicrobial, anti-browning, and antioxidation, discusses its roles in regulation of sulfur metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/redox, resistance induction, and quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, summarizes the application technology of SO2 and its safety in human (absorption, metabolism, toxicity, regulation), and emphasizes the intrinsic metabolism of SO2 and its consequences for the postharvest physiology and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In order to fully understand the benefits and risks of SO2, more research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of SO2 metabolism in the cells and tissues of fruits and vegetables, and to uncover the interaction mechanisms between SO2 and the components of fruits and vegetables as well as the efficacy and safety of bound SO2. This review has important guiding significance for adjusting an applicable definition of maximum residue limit of SO2 in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamann CR, Baker C, O'Hern K, Zug KA. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to sodium metabisulfite in shredded coconut. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:385-386. [PMID: 35715879 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten R Hamann
- Contact Dermatitis Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- HonorHealth Dermatology Residency, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Catherine Baker
- Department of Dermatology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keegan O'Hern
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Witkowski M, Grajeta H, Gomułka K. Hypersensitivity Reactions to Food Additives-Preservatives, Antioxidants, Flavor Enhancers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11493. [PMID: 36141765 PMCID: PMC9517530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There have been reports of food hypersensitivity reactions to food additives (HFA) for many years. The mechanisms of HFA and their frequency are difficult to precisely define, as most of the data come from outdated studies with poor methodology. In 2020, the European Food Safety Authority completed a review of additives, examining their influence on the occurrence of HFA, but did not include all of them. The aim of this review is to systematise knowledge about selected groups of food additives (FAs) and the HFA induced by them. We also briefly discuss the issues of diagnosis and therapy in this disease. FAs are commonly used in prosscessed foods, but HFA appears to be a rare phenomenon. Identification of the FA responsible for hypersensitivity and its treatment is difficult. Diagnosis is a challenge for the clinician and for the patient. A food diary is a helpful diagnostic tool. It allows diet therapy to be monitored based on the partial or complete elimination of products containing a harmful additive. An elimination diet must not be deficient, and symptomatic pharmacotherapy may be necessary if its application is ineffective. Taking all this into account, we conclude that it is necessary to conduct randomised multicentre studies based on the double-blind placebo control protocol in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Witkowski
- Department of Dietetics and Food Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Halina Grajeta
- Department of Dietetics and Food Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Department of Internal Disease, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oulahal N, Degraeve P. Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts With Antimicrobial Activity: An Alternative to Food Preservatives and Biocides? Front Microbiol 2022; 12:753518. [PMID: 35058892 PMCID: PMC8764166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.753518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the search for natural plant-based antimicrobial compounds as alternatives to some synthetic food preservatives or biocides has been stimulated by sanitary, environmental, regulatory, and marketing concerns. In this context, besides their established antioxidant activity, the antimicrobial activity of many plant phenolics deserved increased attention. Indeed, industries processing agricultural plants generate considerable quantities of phenolic-rich products and by-products, which could be valuable natural sources of natural antimicrobial molecules. Plant extracts containing volatile (e.g., essential oils) and non-volatile antimicrobial molecules can be distinguished. Plant essential oils are outside the scope of this review. This review will thus provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the promises and the limits of phenolic-rich plant extracts for food preservation and biofilm control on food-contacting surfaces. After a presentation of the major groups of antimicrobial plant phenolics, of their antimicrobial activity spectrum, and of the diversity of their mechanisms of action, their most promising sources will be reviewed. Since antimicrobial activity reduction often observed when comparing in vitro and in situ activities of plant phenolics has often been reported as a limit for their application, the effects of the composition and the microstructure of the matrices in which unwanted microorganisms are present (e.g., food and/or microbial biofilms) on their activity will be discussed. Then, the different strategies of delivery of antimicrobial phenolics to promote their activity in such matrices, such as their encapsulation or their association with edible coatings or food packaging materials are presented. The possibilities offered by encapsulation or association with polymers of packaging materials or coatings to increase the stability and ease of use of plant phenolics before their application, as well as to get systems for their controlled release are presented and discussed. Finally, the necessity to consider phenolic-rich antimicrobial plant extracts in combination with other factors consistently with hurdle technology principles will be discussed. For instance, several authors recently suggested that natural phenolic-rich extracts could not only extend the shelf-life of foods by controlling bacterial contamination, but could also coexist with probiotic lactic acid bacteria in food systems to provide enhanced health benefits to human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oulahal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d’Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martínez-Blay V, Taberner V, Pérez-Gago MB, Palou L. Postharvest Treatments with Sulfur-Containing Food Additives to Control Major Fungal Pathogens of Stone Fruits. Foods 2021; 10:2115. [PMID: 34574225 PMCID: PMC8465793 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfur-containing salts, classified as food additives, sodium metabisulfite (SMBS), potassium metabisulfite (PMBS), aluminum sulfate (AlS), and aluminum potassium sulfate (AlPS), were evaluated for their activity against Monilinia fructicola, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Geotrichum candidum, the most economically important fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease of stone fruit. In in vitro tests with potato dextrose agar (PDA) Petri dishes amended with different concentrations of the salts (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 mM), SMBS and PMBS at all concentrations, AlS above 20 mM, and AlPS above 30 mM, completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the three fungi after incubation at 25 °C for up to 10 days. In in vivo primary screenings with artificially inoculated nectarines, aqueous solutions of the four salts reduced the incidence and severity of brown rot (BR) at concentrations of 10 and 50 mM, whereas only AlS and AlPS reduced Rhizopus rot (RR), and none of the salts was effective against sour rot (SR). Solutions at 100 mM were phytotoxic and injured the fruit peel. In small-scale trials, 1 min dip treatments at 20 °C in SMBS or PMBS at 10 mM significantly reduced the incidence and severity of BR after incubation at 20 °C for up to 8 days. Conversely, dips in AlS and AlPS reduced neither BR nor RR. Results highlight the potential of SMBS and PMBS as new nonpolluting tools for the integrated control of BR, but not RR and SR, on stone fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lluís Palou
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain; (V.M.-B.); (V.T.); (M.B.P.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Medrano-Padial C, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Ayala N, Beaumont P, Rouger C, Krisa S, Pichardo S. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay. Foods 2021; 10:439. [PMID: 33671296 PMCID: PMC7921927 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic data of substances that could be used as food additives are required by the European Food Safety Authority. In this sense, the use of an extract from grapevine shoots containing a stilbene richness of 99% (ST-99), due to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, has been proposed as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in wine. The aim of this work was to study, for the first time, the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 90, 180, or 360 mg ST-99/kg body weight at 0, 24, and 45 h. The combination of micronucleus assay in bone marrow (OECD 474) and standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach, liver, and blood of exposed animals. The ST-99 revealed no in vivo genotoxicity. These results were corroborated by analytical studies that confirm the presence of stilbenes and their metabolites in plasma and tissues. Moreover, to complete these findings, a histopathological study was performed under light microscopy in liver and stomach showing only slight modifications in both organs at the highest concentration used. The present work confirms that this extract is not genotoxic presenting a good profile for its potential application as a preservative in the wine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Medrano-Padial
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Ana Isabel Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Nahúm Ayala
- Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Pauline Beaumont
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Caroline Rouger
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonaldo F, Guella G, Mattivi F, Catorci D, Arapitsas P. Kinetic investigations of sulfite addition to flavanols. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12792. [PMID: 32732961 PMCID: PMC7393157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanols are an important class of natural products occurring in almost all plants, fruits and vegetables; they have a great influence on wine ageing potential, astringency, colour stability and biological activities. In wine, flavanols react with sulfur dioxide ([Formula: see text]), the most widely used preservative in oenology, leading to sulfonated products. Here we report a kinetic investigation, through LC-MS quantitative measurements carried out at different pH (3 and 4) and temperature values (23, 30, 40, 50 and [Formula: see text]), of the reaction products obtained by [Formula: see text] addition to both monomeric (epicatechin and catechin) and dimeric flavanols (procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3). The results proved that: (a) the major sulfonation route that leads quickly and in good yields to monomeric 4[Formula: see text]-sulfonated derivatives passes through the acid-catalysed depolymerisation of proanthocyanidins; (b) monomeric flavanols lead to the same 4[Formula: see text]-sulfonated products, although in a considerably slower manner, and also to other sulfonated regioisomers; (c) the kinetic data in our hands, in particular the temperature dependence of the observed rates, suggest the involvement of two completely different reaction mechanisms for the [Formula: see text] addition to dimeric and monomeric flavanol substrates; (d) direct sulfonation of epicatechin is slightly faster than that of catechin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bonaldo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Catorci
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marquillas CB, Procaccini R, Malmagro MV, Sánchez-Martín MJ. Breaking the rules: tooth whitening by means of a reducing agent. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2773-2779. [PMID: 31748981 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is widely accepted that current tooth whitening treatment effect is based on the oxidizing action of peroxides, even if the mechanism of action remains still unclear. Treatments are claimed to be safe, but several secondary effects have been described, since long application times and high concentrations are needed. A faster whitening ingredient which permits the use of lower concentrations and shorter application times could potentially overcome this problem. In this work, a different approach based on a reducing agent, sodium metabisulfite (MBS), is explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reaction between tannic acid (TA) with carbamide peroxide (CP), MBS, and potassium persulfate (PS), as an oxidizing agent, was monitored for 48 hours by measuring its absorbance, comparing their different whitening effects. The reduction process between TA and MBS was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. An in vitro test was used to observe if MBS whitens also stained teeth. RESULTS It is shown that MBS bleaching effect is faster and higher than CP's effect over time. PS produced a darkening effect after the 3rd hour because of the strong absorbance of the oxidation metabolite. Cyclic voltammetry showed a progressive increase in the intensity of the TA anodic peak when MBS was present, demonstrating that a reduction is taking place. In vitro, MBS showed a faster whitening performance than CP, using lower concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Using a TA solution as a staining model, it was possible to show that MBS has a visible bleaching effect through a reduction reaction, faster than CP, both in solution and in vitro. Low concentrations of MBS are effective in whitening. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This work shows MBS as a promising candidate to develop novel whitening treatments, which is acting by reducing mechanism instead of oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Babot Marquillas
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raúl Procaccini
- División Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA-CONICET-UNMdP), 10850 Av. Colón, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Manuel Valiente Malmagro
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anastassiadou M, Arena M, Auteri D, Barmaz S, Brancato A, Bura L, Carrasco Cabrera L, Chaideftou E, Chiusolo A, Court Marques D, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, Egsmose M, Fait G, Ferreira L, Greco L, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Leuschner R, Lostia A, Lythgo C, Mangas I, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Santos M, Serafimova R, Sharp R, Stanek A, Streissl F, Sturma J, Szentes C, Terron A, Tiramani M, Vagenende B, Villamar-Bouza L. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dimethyl disulfide. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05905. [PMID: 32626189 PMCID: PMC7008787 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State France for the pesticide active substance dimethyl disulfide are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dimethyl disulfide as a nematicide, fungicide and herbicide on carrot (field use) and on tomato (greenhouse application). The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
Collapse
|
15
|
Raison‐Peyron N, Roulet A, Dereure O. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by sulfite in a seafood section worker of a supermarket. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:412-414. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raison‐Peyron
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier I Montpellier France
| | - Agnès Roulet
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier I Montpellier France
- Consultations de pathologies professionnelles, CHU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier I Montpellier France
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier I Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Safety assessment of the active substance potassium metabisulfite, for use in active food contact materials. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|