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Yenesew MA, Krell-Roesch J, Fekadu B, Nigatu D, Endalamaw A, Mekonnen A, Biyadgie M, Wubetu GY, Debiso AT, Beyene KM, Kelkile TS, Enquobahrie DA, Mersha TB, Eagan DE, Geda YE. Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in East Africa Region: A Scoping Review of Population-Based Studies and Call for Further Research. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240381. [PMID: 38995792 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Population-based research on the prevalence and determinants of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive impairment is scarce in East Africa. Objective To provide an overview of community- and population-based studies among older adults on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in East Africa, and identify research gaps. Methods We carried out a literature search using three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) using pertinent search terms. Results After screening 445 publications, we identified four publications on the population-based prevalence of dementia, and three on cognitive impairment. Prevalence rates varied from 6- 23% for dementia, and 7- 44% for cognitive impairment, among participants aged≥50-70 years. Old age and a lower education level were risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment. Physical inactivity, lack of a ventilated kitchen, and history of central nervous system infections and chronic headache were associated with increased odds of dementia. Female sex, depression, having no spouse, increased lifetime alcohol consumption, low income, rural residence, and low family support were associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Potential misclassification and non-standardized data collection methods are research gaps that should be addressed in future studies. Conclusions Establishing collaborative networks and partnering with international research institutions may enhance the capacity for conducting population-based studies on dementia and cognitive impairment in East Africa. Longitudinal studies may provide valuable insights on incidence, as well as potential risk and protective factors of dementia and cognitive impairment, and may inform the development of targeted interventions including preventive strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken A Yenesew
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Betelhem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Dabere Nigatu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemtsehay Mekonnen
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Biyadgie
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alemu T Debiso
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu M Beyene
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Danielle E Eagan
- Department of Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Department of Neurology and the Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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George EO, Bartlett RL. Religion and the everyday citizenship of people with dementia in Nigeria: A qualitative study. Afr J Disabil 2024; 13:1338. [PMID: 38628955 PMCID: PMC11019073 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the lived experience of dementia is burgeoning across the social and health sciences. Yet, very little is still known about the experience of dementia for many tribes and ethnoreligious groups, as most studies are conducted in Western countries. Objective The aim is to advance the understanding of the role of faith and prayer in the lives of people with dementia in Nigeria through a lens of everyday citizenship. Method Interviews were conducted with 17 older people with dementia in a low-income, Yoruba-speaking community in Southwestern Nigeria. After transcription, the data were analysed thematically. Results The major theme identified in participants' accounts was that prayer served as a space for active and agentic participation. This theme was further elaborated upon through four subthemes: (1) agency in routine and daily prayer, (2) cognitive (re)framing through prayer, (3) prayer as a vehicle for active social interaction and support, and (4) prayer as work and transaction. Conclusion Participants described religious practices as important to their acceptance of the situations, their feelings of hope in everyday lives, and their connection and contributions to the community. Analysis also shows the centrality of relationality in the everyday experiences of people with dementia. Contribution This article contributes to advancing the understanding of the socially orientated everyday experience of dementia. It contributes to a small body of literature on the social aspect and everyday experiences of living with dementia in Africa and stands out as the first of its kind study in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O George
- Centre of Diaconia and Professional Practice, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth L Bartlett
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Pit SW, Horstmanshof L, Moehead A, Hayes O, Schache V, Parkinson L. International Standards for Dementia Workforce Education and Training: A Scoping Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad023. [PMID: 37071967 PMCID: PMC10825835 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The increasing number of people with dementia requires transparency and quality dementia education, training, and care. This scoping review aimed to determine the key elements of national or state-wide standards on dementia education and training that could underpin the development of international standards for dementia workforce training and education. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The English-language peer-reviewed and gray literature were searched (2010-20). Key search domains were training, workforce, standards/frameworks, and dementia. RESULTS Thirteen standards were identified from the United Kingdom (n = 5), the United States (n = 4), Australia (n = 3), and Ireland (n = 1). Most standards focused on training health care professionals with some including people in customer-centric settings, people living with dementia, and informal carers or the general community. Seventeen training topics were identified in 10 or more of the 13 standards. Cultural safety, rural issues, health care professional self-care, digital literacy, and health promotion topics were less commonly reported. The barriers to standards implementation were lack of organizational support, lack of access to relevant training, low staff literacy, lack of funding, high staff turnover, ineffective past program cycles, and inconsistent service delivery. Enablers included a strong implementation plan, funding, strength of partnerships, and building on previous work. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The U.K. Dementia Skills and Core Training Standard, the Irish Department of Health Dementia Together, and the National Health Services Scotland Standard are the recommended strongest standards for underpinning the development of international standards. It is essential that training standards are tailored to the needs of the consumer, worker, and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Winona Pit
- University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anne Moehead
- Dementia Inclusive Ballina, Ballina, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver Hayes
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valerie Schache
- Dementia Alliance International, Ballina, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynne Parkinson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Olivia May Consulting, Gladstone, Queensland, Australia
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Yin Y, Tam HL, Quint J, Chen M, Ding R, Zhang X. Epidemiology of Dementia in China in 2010-2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:334. [PMID: 38338219 PMCID: PMC10855047 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia has become one of the leading causes of death across the world. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of dementia in China between 2010 and 2020, and to investigate any geographical, age, and sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of dementia. METHODS Five databases were searched. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of dementia. Subgroup analysis was based on the type of dementia. The incidence and mortality of dementia were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of dementia was 6% (95%CI 5%, 8%), the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was 5% (95%CI 4%, 6%), and the prevalence of vascular dementia (VaD) was 1% (95%CI 0%, 2%). The subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rates of dementia in rural (6%, 95%CI 4%, 8%) and urban areas were similar (6%, 95%CI 4%, 8%). Deaths due to dementia increased over time. CONCLUSION The prevalence, incidence, and mortality of dementia increased with age and over time. Applying consistent criteria to the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia is necessary to help with disease monitoring. Promoting dementia knowledge and awareness at the community level is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Yin
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Hon Lon Tam
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jennifer Quint
- School of Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 7RQ, UK; (J.Q.); (R.D.)
| | - Mengyun Chen
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 7RQ, UK; (J.Q.); (R.D.)
| | - Xiubin Zhang
- School of Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 7RQ, UK; (J.Q.); (R.D.)
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Oyinlola O, Mahmoud K, Adeoti AB, Abiodun AA. COVID-19: Experiences of Social Workers Supporting Older Adults With Dementia in Nigeria. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241239844. [PMID: 38500245 PMCID: PMC10949545 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241239844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous public health protocols were instituted by government agencies to safeguard individuals with dementia, their family caregivers, and formal care providers. While these preventive measures were implemented with good intentions, they inadvertently imposed significant challenges on medical social workers in Nigeria. This paper explored the experiences of medical social workers caring for people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Twenty-six medical social workers from 6 government hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria participated in an in-depth interview. The research reveals 3 pivotal aspects: Firstly, the escalating demands within the work environment, where medical social workers grapple with the intricate task of conveying sensitive information about dementia diagnosis and COVID-19 prevention protocol, managing expectations regarding dementia diagnoses, and navigating resource constraints for individuals with dementia during the pandemic. Secondly, discernible impacts on the work climate and interprofessional relationships shed light on the challenges these professionals face in collaborating with other healthcare providers. Lastly, the reverberations on social workers' personal lives underscore the pandemic's toll on their well-being. Thus, the findings underscore the need for proactive measures to equip medical social workers to face the distinctive challenges in dementia care during future pandemics. Recognizing the potential resurgence of global health crises, the research highlights the need for strategic preparedness to mitigate the impact of future pandemics on the well-being of individuals with dementia and the professionals dedicated to their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbemiga Oyinlola
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Kafayat Mahmoud
- Center for Innovation in Social Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Awuol MDA, Innocent BK, Winfred A. Prevalence, factors associated and knowledge of probable dementia among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Uganda. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6737. [PMID: 37185948 PMCID: PMC10127194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is on the rise due to increasing proportion of old people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although dementia is misattributed to normal ageing or supernatural causes in SSA, it is a brain disease with well-established etiologies. Limited knowledge and understanding of dementia means that many older people are suffering without seeking help and are undiagnosed and untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with probable dementia and to describe the knowledge of the disease among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Uganda. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative methods. A total of 267 adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Mukono, Uganda were interviewed between 1 April and 15 May 2022. Interviews were administered using the Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) and Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS). Data on participants' socio-demographics, economic income, living arrangement, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and past medical history was collected using an additional questionnaire. Adults 50 years and over were included in the study. Logistic regression analyses were done. Probable dementia was 46.2% in the sample. The most common symptoms of probable dementia in the order of their severity were memory symptoms, (β co-efficient β 0.08, p < .001), physical symptoms (β 0.08, p < .001), sleep disturbances (β 0.81, p < .001) and emotions (β 0.04, p < .027). The final degree of association as determined by adjusted PR in the multivariable model revealed that only older age (aPR = 1.88, p < .001) and occasional/non-believer (aPR = 1.61, p = .001) remained significantly related to probable dementia. The study also found that 8.0% of the participants had optimal knowledge of dementia. There is high burden of probable dementia among adults 50 years and over attending a faith-based geriatric center in Mukono, Uganda. Factors associated with probable dementia are older age and being an occasional/non-believer. Knowledge of dementia among older adults is low. There is need to promote integrated early dementia screening, care and educational program in primary care to reduce the disease burden. Spiritual support would be a rewarding investment in the lives of the ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besigye K Innocent
- Department of Family Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ayenyo Winfred
- Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Sororti District, Uganda
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing population of older adults in Nigeria comes a simultaneous rise in the incidence of dementia in the country. Adequate knowledge of dementia is needed to effectively administer interventions for persons living with dementia. Physiotherapy is one of the professions providing care for people with dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dementia among physiotherapists in Nigeria. METHODS An online survey method was used to collect data from the sample population of practicing physiotherapists in Nigeria. Data was collected using the 21-item Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version Two (DKAT2) and the respondents also provided some demographic information. Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman's rho correlation were used to test for association between the DKAT2 scores and the demographic variables and this association was further explored with multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total number of 223 physiotherapists participated in this study. The findings of the study show that there is limited knowledge of dementia among the physiotherapists. Number of years of professional experience and specialty groups predicted significantly higher knowledge scores. CONCLUSION The knowledge deficits found among physiotherapists in Nigeria indicate that older adults living with dementia might not be receiving the best evidence-based physiotherapy treatments for their condition. This research therefore advocates for an educational intervention to be carried out within the physiotherapy profession in order to improve the quality of services rendered to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisom I Onyekwuluje
- Chisom I Onyekwuluje, Department of
Gerontology, University of Southampton, 24 Akinyemi street, Southampton SO17
1BJ, UK.
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Ajenikoko MK, Ajagbe AO, Onigbinde OA, Okesina AA, Tijani AA. Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:64-76. [PMID: 36593897 PMCID: PMC9803919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Because Alzheimer's disease has no known treatment, sufferers and their caregivers must concentrate on symptom management. Astrocytes and microglia are now known to play distinct physiological roles in synaptic function, the blood-brain barrier, and neurovascular coupling. Consequently, the search for drugs that can slow the degenerative process in dementia sufferers continues because existing drugs are designed to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Drugs that address pathological changes without interfering with the normal function of glia, such as eliminating amyloid-beta deposits, are prospective treatments for neuroinflammatory illnesses. Because neuron-astrocytes-microglia interactions are so complex, developing effective, preventive, and therapeutic medications for AD will necessitate novel methodologies and strategic targets. This review focused on existing medications used in treating AD amongst which include Donepezil, Choline Alphoscerate, Galantamine, Dextromethorphan, palmitoylethanolamide, citalopram, resveratrol, and solanezumab. This review summarizes the effects of these drugs on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia interactions based on their pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, dosing, and clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunle Ajenikoko
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda,Correspondence to: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda.
| | - Abayomi Oyeyemi Ajagbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwanisola Akanji Onigbinde
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Ayodeji Okesina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Ahmad Adekilekun Tijani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
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Ezeala-Adikaibe B, Oti BB, Ohaegbulam S, Ndubuisi C, Okwudili O. Pattern of structural magnetic resonance imaging lesions in the patients with progressive cognitive decline: A single-center study in Southeast Nigeria. WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wajr.wajr_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oghagbon EK, Prieto-Pino J, Dogoh F, Ogiator M, Giménez-Llort L. Diabetes/Dementia in Sub-saharian Africa and Nigerian Women in the Eye of Storm. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 19:161-170. [PMID: 34784865 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666211116093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the next few years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is projected to dramatically increase globally, but most of the cases will occur in low-to-middle-income countries. Some of the major risk factors for diabetes accelerate the development of dementia in African-Americans, thus leading to a higher prevalence of dementia than Caucasians. Sub-Saharan Africa women have a disproportionately two-to-eight fold increased prevalence of dementia. In the eye of this storm, Nigeria holds the highest number of diabetics on the African continent, and its prevalence is rising in parallel to obesity, hypertension, and the population's aging. The socio-economic impact of the rising prevalence of DM and dementia will be huge and unsustainable for the healthcare system in Nigeria, as has been recognized in developed economies. Here, we analyze the current situation of women's health in Nigeria and explore future perspectives and directions. The complex interplay of factors involved in diabetes and dementia in Nigerian women include key biological agents (metabolic syndrome, vascular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance), nutritional habits, lifestyle, and anemia, that worsen with comorbidities. In addition, restricted resources, lack of visibility, and poor management result in a painful chain that increases the risk and burden of disease in Nigerian women from youth to elderly ages. Heath policies to increase the ra- tio of mental health professionals per number of patients, mostly in rural areas, foment of proactive primary care centers, and interventions targeting adolescents and adult women and other specific mothers-children pairs are strongly required for a sustainable development goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efosa K Oghagbon
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic & Allied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi. Nigeria
| | - José Prieto-Pino
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona. Spain
| | - Faeren Dogoh
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. Nigeria
| | - Monday Ogiator
- Department of Internal Medicine, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. Nigeria
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona. Spain
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Kobayashi LC, Farrell MT, Langa KM, Mahlalela N, Wagner RG, Berkman LF. Incidence of Cognitive Impairment during Aging in Rural South Africa: Evidence from HAALSI, 2014 to 2019. Neuroepidemiology 2021; 55:100-108. [PMID: 33657567 PMCID: PMC8058235 DOI: 10.1159/000513276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite rapid population aging, there are currently limited data on the incidence of aging-related cognitive impairment in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the incidence of cognitive impairment and its distribution across key demographic, social, and health-related factors among older adults in rural South Africa. METHODS Data were from in-person interviews with 3,856 adults aged ≥40 who were free from cognitive impairment at baseline in the population-representative cohort, "Health and Aging in Africa: a Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" (HAALSI), in Agincourt sub-district, Mpumalanga province, South Africa (2014-19). Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring <1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the baseline distribution of orientation and episodic memory scores. Incidence rates and rate ratios for cognitive impairment were estimated according to key demographic, social, and health-related factors, adjusted for age, sex/gender, and country of birth. RESULTS The incidence of cognitive impairment was 25.7/1,000 person-years (PY; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.0-28.8), weighted for mortality (12%) and attrition (6%) over the 3.5-year mean follow-up (range: 1.5-4.8 years). Incidence increased with age, from 8.9/1,000 PY (95% CI: 5.2-16.8) among those aged 40-44 to 93.5/1,000 PY (95% CI: 75.9-116.3) among those aged 80+, and age-specific risks were similar by sex/gender. Incidence was strongly associated with formal education and literacy, as well as marital status, household assets, employment, and alcohol consumption but not with history of smoking, hypertension, stroke, angina, heart attack, diabetes, or prevalent HIV. CONCLUSIONS This study presents some of the first incidence rate estimates for aging-related cognitive impairment in rural South Africa. Social disparities in incident cognitive impairment rates were apparent in patterns similar to those observed in many high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
| | - Meagan T Farrell
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nomsa Mahlalela
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Olawande TI, Ajayi MP, Amoo EO, Olawole-Isaac A. Treatment pathways of Alzheimer in Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05724. [PMID: 33344795 PMCID: PMC7736722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer poses lots of challenges in Low and Middle Income Countries, especially in Nigeria. Globally, the causes of Alzheimer are poorly understood. Cultural factors affect the preference of mental health treatment for treating people living with Alzheimer's disease (PLWA However, Alzheimer's and its gender differentials have been given little consideration in particular. Twenty-four in-depth study was conducted with caregivers and family members/relatives of people living with Alzheimer's (PLWA) residing in the study area. 52.2 percent of respondents were female out of the total while 45.8 percent were male. For male respondents, 40.4%; 49.4 %; 49.2%; 35 % and 28.3% indicated spiritual preference of mental health counseling; traditional; medical practitioner; both traditional and spiritual and psychiatrist respectively. On the other hand, 59.6%; 50.6%; 50.8%; 65% and 70.7% of female respondents indicated spiritual; traditional; medical practitioner; both traditional and spiritual and psychiatrist respectively. This research found that gender disparities primarily affected the mental health intervention care pathways. The availability of mental health resources to support adult mental health were key factors which could influence mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel O. Amoo
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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Chan KY, Adeloye D, Asante KP, Calia C, Campbell H, Danso SO, Juvekar S, Luz S, Mohan D, Muniz-Terrera G, Nitrini R, Noroozian M, Nulkar A, Nyame S, Paralikar V, Parra Rodriguez MA, Poon AN, Reidpath DD, Rudan I, Stephan BCM, Su T, Wang H, Watermeyer T, Wilkinson H, Yassuda MS, Yu X, Ritchie C. Tackling dementia globally: the Global Dementia Prevention Program (GloDePP) collaboration. J Glob Health 2019; 9:020103. [PMID: 31893025 PMCID: PMC6925964 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- RcDavies Evidence-based Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Clara Calia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel O Danso
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre (KEMHRC), Pune, India
| | - Saturnino Luz
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Devi Mohan
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Amit Nulkar
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre (KEMHRC), Pune, India
| | - Solomon Nyame
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | - Mario A Parra Rodriguez
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Autonomous University of the Caribbean, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Adrienne N. Poon
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, George Washington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Blossom CM Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University, United Kingdom
| | - TinTin Su
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care & Research Centre, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tam Watermeyer
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wilkinson
- Edinburgh – Centre for Research on the Experience of Dementia, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Sanches Yassuda
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care & Research Centre, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - on behalf of the Global Dementia Prevention Program (GloDePP)
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- RcDavies Evidence-based Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre (KEMHRC), Pune, India
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer’s Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Edinburgh University, United Kingdom
- Autonomous University of the Caribbean, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Department of Medicine, George Washington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b Bangladesh
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University, United Kingdom
- Dementia Care & Research Centre, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh – Centre for Research on the Experience of Dementia, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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