1
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Zhang X, Qiu L, Sultan DH, Luehmann HP, Yu Y, Zhang X, Heo GS, Li A, Lahad D, Rho S, Tu Z, Liu Y. Development of a CCR2 targeted 18F-labeled radiotracer for atherosclerosis imaging with PET. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 130-131:108893. [PMID: 38422918 PMCID: PMC10964492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CC motif chemokine ligand 2 and its corresponding cognate receptor 2 (CCL2/CCR2) signaling has been implicated in regulating monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization during inflammatory responses that plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a novel 18F radiolabeled small molecule radiotracer for CCR2-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in atherosclerosis. The binding affinity of this radiotracer to CCR2 was evaluated via in vitro binding assay using CCR2+ membrane and cells. Ex vivo biodistribution was carried out in wild type mice to assess radiotracer pharmacokinetics. CCR2 targeted PET imaging of plaques was performed in two murine atherosclerotic models. The sensitive detection of atherosclerotic lesions highlighted the potential of this radiotracer for CCR2 targeted PET and warranted further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Qiu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debbie H Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah P Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria Li
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Divangana Lahad
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shinji Rho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Fischer M, Zacherl MJ, Olivier J, Lindner S, Massberg S, Bartenstein P, Grawe F, Ziegler S, Brendel M, Lehner S, Boening G, Todica A. Detection of apoptosis by [ 18F]ML-10 after cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:34-43. [PMID: 36306025 PMCID: PMC9813199 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction leads to ischemic heart disease and cell death, which is still a major obstacle in western society. In vivo imaging of apoptosis, a defined cascade of cell death, could identify myocardial tissue at risk. METHODS Using 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) in autoradiography and positron emission tomography (PET) visualized apoptosis in a mouse model of transient ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging indicated the defect area. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) histology stain indicated cardiac apoptosis. RESULTS [18F]ML-10 uptake was evident in the ischemic area after transient LAD ligation in ex vivo autoradiography and in vivo PET imaging. Detection of [18F]ML-10 is in line with the defect visualized by [18F]FDG and the histological approach of TUNEL staining. CONCLUSION The tracer [18F]ML-10 is suitable for detecting apoptosis after transient LAD ligation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fischer
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias J Zacherl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Olivier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Freba Grawe
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lehner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Boening
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Die Radiologie, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Cherk MH, Khor R, Barber TW, Yap KSK, Patil S, Walker P, Avery S, Roberts S, Kemp W, Pham A, Bailey M, Kalff V. Noninvasive Assessment of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract After Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1899-1905. [PMID: 35450959 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract (acute GIT-GVHD) often complicates allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). 18F-FDG PET/CT is known to detect active inflammation and may be a useful noninvasive test for acute GIT-GVHD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT to noninvasively assess patients with clinically suspected acute GIT-GVHD. Fifty-one AHSCT patients with clinically suspected acute GIT-GVHD prospectively underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning followed by upper and lower GIT endoscopy within 7 d. Endoscopic biopsies of 4 upper GIT and 4 colonic segments were obtained for histology to compare with corresponding quantitative segmental 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax Receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine predictive capacity of 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax for acute GIT-GVHD. A separate qualitative visual 18F-FDG PET/CT analysis was also performed for comparison. Results: Twenty-three of 51 (45.1%) patients had biopsy-confirmed acute GIT-GVHD, with 19 of 23 (82.6%) having upper GIT and 22 of 22 (100%) colonic involvement. One of 23 patients did not undergo a colonoscopy. GVHD involved the entire colon contiguously in 21 of 22 patients. For quantitative analysis, histology from 4 upper GIT and 4 colonic segments were compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax Colonic segments positive for GVHD had a higher SUVmax (4.1 [95% CI, 3.6-4.5]) than did normal colonic segments (2.3 [1.9-2.7], P = 0.006). No difference was demonstrated in upper GIT segments. Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT yielded a 69% sensitivity, 57% specificity, 73% negative predictive value, and 59% positive predictive value for the detection of GVHD compared with 70%, 76%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, for qualitative analysis. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET is a useful noninvasive diagnostic test for acute GIT-GVHD, which when present always involves the colon and usually in its entirety, suggesting colonic biopsy obtained by sigmoidoscopy is adequate for histologic confirmation when acute GIT-GVHD is suspected. Of note, 18F-FDG PET cannot distinguish acute GIT-GVHD from non-GVHD inflammatory changes in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Cherk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia; .,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Khor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia
| | - Thomas W Barber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth S K Yap
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sushrut Patil
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia Walker
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Avery
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart Roberts
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan Pham
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Michael Bailey
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victor Kalff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Fischer M, Olivier J, Lindner S, Zacherl MJ, Massberg S, Bartenstein P, Ziegler S, Brendel M, Lehner S, Boening G, Todica A. Detection of cardiac apoptosis by [ 18F]ML-10 in a mouse model of permanent LAD ligation. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:666-674. [PMID: 35352214 PMCID: PMC9296384 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The loss of viable cardiac cells and cell death by myocardial infarction (MI) is still a significant obstacle in preventing deteriorating heart failure. Imaging of apoptosis, a defined cascade to cell death, could identify areas at risk. PROCEDURES Using 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) in autoradiography and positron emission tomography (PET) visualized apoptosis in murine hearts after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) inducing myocardial infarction (MI). 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging localized the infarct area after MI. Histology by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining validated apoptosis in the heart. RESULTS Accumulation of [18F]ML-10 was evident in the infarct area after permanent ligation of the LAD in autoradiography and PET imaging. Detection of apoptosis by [18F]ML-10 is in line with the defect visualized by [18F]FDG and the histological approach. CONCLUSION [18F]ML-10 could be a suitable tracer for apoptosis imaging in a mouse model of permanent LAD ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fischer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Olivier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias J Zacherl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lehner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ambulatory Healthcare Center Dr. Neumaier & Colleagues, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Therapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guido Boening
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- DIE RADIOLOGIE, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Jouberton E, Schmitt S, Maisonial-Besset A, Chautard E, Penault-Llorca F, Cachin F. Interest and Limits of [18F]ML-10 PET Imaging for Early Detection of Response to Conventional Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:789769. [PMID: 34988022 PMCID: PMC8722713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the current challenges in oncology is to develop imaging tools to early detect the response to conventional chemotherapy and adjust treatment strategies when necessary. Several studies evaluating PET imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) as a predictive tool of therapeutic response highlighted its insufficient specificity and sensitivity. The [18F]FDG uptake reflects only tumor metabolic activity and not treatment-induced cell death, which seems to be relevant for therapeutic evaluation. Therefore, to evaluate this parameter in vivo, several cell death radiotracers have been developed in the last years. However, few of them have reached the clinical trials. This systematic review focuses on the use of [18F]ML-10 (2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methylmalonic acid) as radiotracer of apoptosis and especially as a measure of tumor response to treatment. A comprehensive literature review concerning the preclinical and clinical investigations conducted with [18F]ML-10 was performed. The abilities and applications of this radiotracer as well as its clinical relevance and limitations were discussed. Most studies highlighted a good ability of the radiotracer to target apoptotic cells. However, the increase in apoptosis during treatment did not correlate with the radiotracer tumoral uptake, even using more advanced image analysis (voxel-based analysis). [18F]ML-10 PET imaging does not meet current clinical expectations for early detection of the therapeutic response to conventional chemotherapy. This review has pointed out the challenges of applying various apoptosis imaging strategies in clinical trials, the current methodologies available for image analysis and the future of molecular imaging to assess this therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Jouberton
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Elodie Jouberton,
| | - Sébastien Schmitt
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Pathologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Pathologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florent Cachin
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Borgarelli C, Klingl YE, Escamilla-Ayala A, Munck S, Van Den Bosch L, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins. Chemistry 2021; 27:8605-8641. [PMID: 33733502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins' life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Borgarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla-Ayala
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Stewart NJ, Nakano H, Sugai S, Tomohiro M, Kase Y, Uchio Y, Yamaguchi T, Matsuo Y, Naganuma T, Takeda N, Nishimura I, Hirata H, Hashimoto T, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13 C Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fumarate Metabolism by Parahydrogen-induced Polarization: A Proof-of-Concept in vivo Study. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:915-923. [PMID: 33590933 PMCID: PMC8251594 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]fumarate is a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for cellular necrosis, which plays an important role in various disease and cancerous pathological processes. To demonstrate the feasibility of MRI of [1-13 C]fumarate metabolism using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), a low-cost alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP), a cost-effective and high-yield synthetic pathway of hydrogenation precursor [1-13 C]acetylenedicarboxylate (ADC) was developed. The trans-selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction of ADC using a ruthenium-based catalyst was elucidated employing density functional theory (DFT) simulations. A simple PHIP set-up was used to generate hyperpolarized [1-13 C]fumarate at sufficient 13 C polarization for ex vivo detection of hyperpolarized 13 C malate metabolized from fumarate in murine liver tissue homogenates, and in vivo 13 C MR spectroscopy and imaging in a murine model of acetaminophen-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakano
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Shuto Sugai
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Mitsushi Tomohiro
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Yuki Kase
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Yoshiki Uchio
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Toru Yamaguchi
- Division of Computational ChemistryTransition State Technology Co. Ltd.2-16-1 Tokiwadai, UbeYamaguchi755-8611Japan
| | - Yujirou Matsuo
- Division of Computational ChemistryTransition State Technology Co. Ltd.2-16-1 Tokiwadai, UbeYamaguchi755-8611Japan
| | - Tatsuya Naganuma
- R&D DepartmentJapan REDOX Ltd.4-29-49-805 Chiyo, Hakata-kuFukuoka812-0044Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and MetabolismCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical University3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shiTochigi329-0498Japan
| | - Ikuya Nishimura
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-kuChiba263-8522Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & BioinformaticsGraduate School of Information Science & TechnologyHokkaido UniversityNorth 14, West 9, Kita-ku, SapporoHokkaido060-0814Japan
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8
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Beroske L, Van den Wyngaert T, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Elvas F. Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis: The Case of Caspase-3 Radiotracers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083948. [PMID: 33920463 PMCID: PMC8069194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular imaging of apoptosis remains an important method for the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of certain diseases and the evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer apoptosis-inducing therapies. Among the multiple biomarkers involved in apoptosis, activated caspase-3 is an attractive target, as it is the most abundant of the executioner caspases. Nuclear imaging is a good candidate, as it combines a high depth of tissue penetration and high sensitivity, features necessary to detect small changes in levels of apoptosis. However, designing a caspase-3 radiotracer comes with challenges, such as selectivity, cell permeability and transient caspase-3 activation. In this review, we discuss the different caspase-3 radiotracers for the imaging of apoptosis together with the challenges of the translation of various apoptosis-imaging strategies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Beroske
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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9
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[ 18F]-C-SNAT4: an improved caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation PET tracer for imaging of tumor responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3386-3399. [PMID: 33712870 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis can noninvasively detect cell death in vivo and assist in monitoring tumor response to treatment in patients. While extensive efforts have been devoted to addressing this important need, no apoptosis PET imaging agents have yet been approved for clinical use. This study reports an improved 18F-labeled caspase-sensitive nanoaggregation tracer ([18F]-C-SNAT4) for PET imaging of tumor response to chemo- and immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models. METHODS We rationally designed and synthesized a new PET tracer [18F]-C-SNAT4 to detect cell death both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro radiotracer uptake studies were performed on drug-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H460 and NCI-H1299, respectively) treated with cisplatin at different doses. In vivo therapy response monitoring by [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging was evaluated with two treatment modalities-chemotherapy and immunotherapy in two tumor xenografts in mice. Radiotracer uptake in the tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting and cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence. RESULTS This [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET tracer was facilely synthesized and displayed improved serum stability profiles. [18F]-C-SNAT4 cellular update was elevated in NCI-H460 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which correlated well with cell death. A significant increase in [18F]-C-SNAT4 uptake was measured in NCI-H460 tumor xenografts in mice. In contrast, a rapid clearance of [18F]-C-SNAT4 was observed in drug-resistant NCI-H1299 in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Moreover, in BALB/C mice bearing murine colon cancer CT26 tumor xenografts receiving checkpoint inhibitors, [18F]-C-SNAT4 showed its ability for monitoring immunotherapy-induced apoptosis and reporting treatment-responding mice from non-responding. CONCLUSION The uptake of [18F]-C-SNAT4 in tumors received chemotherapy and immunotherapy is positively correlated with the tumor apoptotic level and the treatment efficacy. [18F]-C-SNAT4 PET imaging can monitor tumor response to two different treatment modalities and predict the therapeutic efficacy in preclinical mouse models.
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10
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Zhang D, Jin Q, Jiang C, Gao M, Ni Y, Zhang J. Imaging Cell Death: Focus on Early Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1025-1051. [PMID: 32150392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a prominent role in the treatment of cancer, because most anticancer therapies act by the induction of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and other pathways of cell death. Imaging cell death helps to identify treatment responders from nonresponders and thus enables patient-tailored therapy, which will increase the likelihood of treatment response and ultimately lead to improved patient survival. By taking advantage of molecular probes that specifically target the biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death, cell death imaging can be successfully achieved. In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of cell death, a variety of well-defined biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death have been identified. By targeting these established cell death biomarkers/biochemical processes, a set of molecular imaging probes have been developed and evaluated for early monitoring treatment response in tumors. In this review, we mainly present the recent advances in identifying useful biomarkers/biochemical processes for both apoptosis and necrosis imaging and in developing molecular imaging probes targeting these biomarkers/biochemical processes, with a focus on their application in early evaluation of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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11
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Jouberton E, Schmitt S, Chautard E, Maisonial-Besset A, Roy M, Radosevic-Robin N, Chezal JM, Miot-Noirault E, Bouvet Y, Cachin F. [ 18F]ML-10 PET imaging fails to assess early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 31907640 PMCID: PMC6944726 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological complete response to the neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is predictive of prolonged patient survival. Methods for early evaluation of NAT efficiency are still needed, in order to rapidly adjust the therapeutic strategy in case of initial non-response. One option for this is molecular imaging of apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the capacity of [18F]ML-10 PET imaging, an apoptosis radiotracer, to detect tumor cell apoptosis and early predict the therapeutic response of human TNBC. RESULTS Initially, the induction of apoptosis by different therapies was quantified. We confirmed, in vitro, that paclitaxel or epirubicin, the fundamental cytotoxic drugs for breast cancer, induce apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. Exposure of TNBC models MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 to these drugs induced a significant increase (p < 0.01) of the apoptotic hallmarks: DNA fragmentation, membrane phospholipid scrambling, and PARP activation. Secondarily, apoptotic fraction was compared to the intracellular accumulation of the radiotracer. [18F]ML-10 accumulated in the apoptotic cells after 72 h of treatment by paclitaxel in vitro; this accumulation positively correlated with the apoptotic fraction. In vivo, [18F]ML-10 was rapidly cleared from the nontarget organs and mainly eliminated by the kidneys. Comparison of the in vivo [18F]FDG, [18F]FMISO, and [18F]ML-10 uptakes revealed that the tumor accumulation of [18F]ML-10 was directly related to the tumor hypoxia level. Finally, after the in vivo treatment of TNBC murine xenografts by paclitaxel, apoptosis was well induced, as demonstrated by the cleaved caspase-3 levels; however, no significant increase of [18F]ML-10 accumulation in the tumors was observed, either on day 3 or day 6 after the end of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results highlighted that PET imaging using [18F]ML-10 allows the visualization of apoptotic cells in TNBC models. Nevertheless, the increase of the chemotherapy-induced apoptotic response when using paclitaxel could not be assessed using this radiotracer in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Jouberton
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Zionexa, Aubière, France
| | - Sébastien Schmitt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Roy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Florent Cachin
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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12
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Glaser M, Rajkumar V, Diocou S, Gendron T, Yan R, Sin PKB, Sander K, Carroll L, Pedley RB, Aboagye EO, Witney TH, Årstad E. One-Pot Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caspase-3 Selective 5-[ 123,125I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole derived Isatin SPECT Tracer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19299. [PMID: 31848442 PMCID: PMC6917698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is often necessary for successful cancer therapy, and the non-invasive monitoring of apoptosis post-therapy could assist in clinical decision making. Isatins are a class of compounds that target activated caspase-3 during apoptosis. Here we report the synthesis of the 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole (FITI) analog of the PET tracer [18F]ICMT11 as a candidate tracer for imaging of apoptosis with SPECT, as well as PET. Labelling with radioiodine (123,125I) was achieved in 55 ± 12% radiochemical yield through a chelator-accelerated one-pot cycloaddition reaction mediated by copper(I) catalysis. The caspase-3 binding affinity and selectivity of FITI compares favourably to that of [18F]ICMT11 (Ki = 6.1 ± 0.9 nM and 12.4 ± 4.7 nM, respectively). In biodistribution studies, etoposide-induced cell death in a SW1222 xenograft model resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumour uptake of the tracer. However, the tumour uptake was too low to allow in vivo imaging of apoptosis with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL, Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Yan
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Kwan Brian Sin
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases and contributes to the subsequent cardiac remodeling processes and progression to heart failure. Consequently, apoptosis imaging is helpful for noninvasively detecting the disease progression and providing treatment guidance. Here, we tested 18F-labeled 2-(5-fluoropentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) and 18F-labeled 2-(3-fluoropropyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-8) for apoptosis imaging in rat models of myocardial infarction (MI) and compared them with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). MI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent left coronary artery ligation. Procedural success was confirmed by echocardiography and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-FDG. In vivo PET imaging with 18F-ML-10 and 18F-ML-8 was performed in the MI models at different time points after operation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate myocardial apoptosis. In vitro cell binding assays were performed to validate 18F-ML-8 binding to apoptotic cardiomyocytes. PET imaging demonstrated high 18F-ML-10 and 18F-ML-8 uptake where 18F-FDG uptake was absent. The focal accumulation of the two tracers was high on days 1 and 3 but was not notable on days 5 and 7 after surgery. The infarct-to-lung uptake ratio was 4.29 ± 0.30 for 18F-ML-10 and 3.51 ± 0.18 for 18F-ML-8 (n = 6, analyzed by averaging the uptake ratios on postoperative days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). The TUNEL results showed that myocardial cell apoptosis was closely related to the focal uptake of the apoptotic tracers in the infarct area. In addition, the apoptosis rates calculated from the TUNEL results were better correlated with 18F-ML-8 uptake than with 18F-ML-10 uptake. Ex vivo cell binding assays demonstrated that 18F-ML-8 accumulated in apoptotic cells but not in necrotic or normal cells. PET imaging using 18F-ML-10 or 18F-ML-8 allows the noninvasive detection of myocardial apoptosis in the early phase. In addition, 18F-ML-8 may be better than 18F-ML-10 for apoptosis imaging. We propose that PET imaging with 18F-ML-10 or 18F-ML-8 combined with 18F-FDG is an alternative for detecting and assessing MI.
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14
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase-Sensitive Nano-Aggregation Tracer [ 18F]C-SNAT. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1790:181-195. [PMID: 29858792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7860-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis is an important criterion for evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapies. We have developed a new small molecule probe ([18F]C-SNAT) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis. [18F]C-SNAT, when activated by caspase-3 and glutathione reduction, undergoes intramolecular cyclization followed by self-assembly to form nano-aggregates in apoptotic cells. This unique mechanism creates preferential retention of gamma radiation signals in targeted cells and thus enables the detection of apoptosis using PET, a sensitive and clinically practical technique. This protocol describes the chemical synthesis, radiolabeling and PET imaging of apoptosis using this probe.
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15
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Abassi Z, Rosen S, Lamothe S, Heyman SN. Why Have Detection, Understanding and Management of Kidney Hypoxic Injury Lagged Behind those for the Heart? J Clin Med 2019; 8:E267. [PMID: 30795640 PMCID: PMC6406359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has dramatically improved over recent decades, thanks to early detection and prompt interventions to restore coronary blood flow. In contrast, the prognosis of patients with hypoxic acute kidney injury (AKI) remained unchanged over the years. Delayed diagnosis of AKI is a major reason for this discrepancy, reflecting the lack of symptoms and diagnostic tools indicating at real time altered renal microcirculation, oxygenation, functional derangement and tissue injury. New tools addressing these deficiencies, such as biomarkers of tissue damage are yet far less distinctive than myocardial biomarkers and advanced functional renal imaging technologies are non-available in the clinical practice. Moreover, our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms likely suffers from conceptual errors, generated by the extensive use of the wrong animal model, namely warm ischemia and reperfusion. This model parallels mechanistically type I AMI, which properly represents the rare conditions leading to renal infarcts, whereas common scenarios leading to hypoxic AKI parallel physiologically type II AMI, with tissue hypoxic damage generated by altered oxygen supply/demand equilibrium. Better understanding the pathogenesis of hypoxic AKI and its management requires a more extensive use of models of type II-rather than type I hypoxic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Simon Lamothe
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Samuel N Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, 91240, Israel.
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16
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Vassileva V, Stribbling SM, Barnes C, Carroll L, Braga M, Abrahams J, Heinzmann K, Haegeman C, MacFarlane M, Simpson KL, Dive C, Honeychurch J, Illidge TM, Aboagye EO. Evaluation of apoptosis imaging biomarkers in a genetic model of cell death. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:18. [PMID: 30783791 PMCID: PMC6381199 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously developed the caspase-based radiotracer, 18F-ICMT-11, for PET imaging to monitor treatment response. We further validated 18F-ICMT-11 specificity in a murine melanoma death-switch tumour model with conditional activation of caspase-3 induced by doxycycline. METHODS Caspase-3/7 activity and cellular uptake of 18F-ICMT-11, 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG were assessed in B16ova and B16ovaRevC3 cells after death-switch induction. Death-switch induction was confirmed in vivo in xenograft tumours, and 18F-ICMT-11 and 18F-ML-10 biodistribution was assessed by ex vivo gamma counting of select tissues. PET imaging was performed with 18F-ICMT-11, 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG. Caspase-3 activation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significantly increased caspase-3/7 activity was observed only in B16ovaRevC3 cells after death-switch induction, accompanied by significantly increased 18F-ICMT-11 (p < 0.001) and 18F-ML-10 (p < 0.05) and decreased 18F-FDG (p < 0.001) uptake compared with controls. B16ova and B16ovaRevC3 tumours had similar growth in vivo; however, B16ovaRevC3 growth was significantly reduced with death-switch induction (p < 0.01). Biodistribution studies showed significantly increased 18F-ICMT-11 tumour uptake following death-switch induction (p < 0.01), but not for 18F-ML-10. Tumour uptake of 18F-ICMT-11 was higher than that of 18F-ML-10 after death-switch induction. PET imaging studies showed that 18F-ICMT-11 can be used to detect apoptosis after death-switch induction, which was accompanied by significantly increased expression of cleaved caspase-3. 18F-FDG signal decreased in tumours after death-switch induction. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 18F-ICMT-11 can be used to detect caspase-3 activation in a death-switch tumour model, independent of the confounding effects of cancer therapeutics, thus confirming its specificity and supporting the development of this radiotracer for clinical use to monitor tumour apoptosis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Vassileva
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Stephen M. Stribbling
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Marta Braga
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Kathrin Heinzmann
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Caroline Haegeman
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - Kathryn L. Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG UK
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy M. Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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17
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Xiong Y, Nie D, Liu S, Ma H, Su S, Sun A, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xiang X, Tang G. Apoptotic PET Imaging of Rat Pulmonary Fibrosis With [ 18F]ML-8. Mol Imaging 2019; 17:1536012118795728. [PMID: 30348035 PMCID: PMC6201178 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118795728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of 2-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid
([18F]ML-8) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rat pulmonary
fibrosis. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, including pulmonary fibrosis model
group and control group. The rat model was established by an intratracheal instillation
of bleomycin (BLM). Control rats were treated with saline. Positron emission
tomography/computed tomography (CT) with [18F]ML-8 or
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) was performed on 2 groups. After
PET/CT imaging, lung tissues were collected for histologic examination. Data were
analyzed and comparisons between 2 groups were performed using Student
t test. Results: Bleomycin-treated rats showed a higher lung uptake of [18F]ML-8 than control
rats (P < .05). In BLM-treated rats, the lung to muscle relative
uptake ratio of [18F]ML-8 was also higher than that of [18F]FDG
(P < .05). Pathological examination showed overproliferation of
fibroblasts and deposition of collagen in lungs from BLM-treated rats. Compared to
control rats, BLM-treated rats had higher lung hydroxyproline content
(P < .05). Immunofluorescence staining indicated more apoptotic
cells in BLM-treated rats than those in control rats. Moreover, the apoptosis rate of
lung tissues obtained from BLM-treated rats was higher than that from control rats
(P < .05). Conclusions: 2-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid PET/CT could be used for
noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Su
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aixia Sun
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanwen Zhang
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Xiang
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- 1 Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Aoki M, Odani A, Ogawa K. Development of radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complexes for cell death imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:317-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang X, Yin Q, Berridge M, Wang C. Application of molecular imaging technology in neurotoxicology research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:113-124. [PMID: 30199343 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has been widely applied in preclinical research. Among these new molecular imaging modalities, microPET imaging can be utilized as a very powerful tool that can obtain the measurements of multiple biological processes in various organs repeatedly in a same subject. This review discusses how this new approach provides noninvasive biomarker for neurotoxicology research and summarizes microPET findings with multiple radiotracers on the variety of neurotoxicity induced by toxic agents in both the rodent and the nonhuman primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Qi Yin
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Marc Berridge
- b 3D Imaging, LLC, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Che Wang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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20
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Xiong Y, Nie D, Liu S, Ma H, Su S, Sun A, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xiang X, Tang G. Apoptotic PET Imaging of Rat Pulmonary Fibrosis with Small-Molecule Radiotracer. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:491-499. [PMID: 30167994 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the potential utility of small-molecule apoptotic radiotracer, 2-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid ([18F]ML-10), for positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) monitoring the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model. PROCEDURES Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis by means of bleomycin (BLM) administration; control rats received saline (n = 12 per group). PET/CT with [18F]ML-10 and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) was performed in two groups at different stages of pulmonary fibrosis. The fibrotic response and the cell apoptosis were assessed with histologic examination. Differences in the apoptosis rate, fibrotic activity, and the lung uptake of [18F]ML-10 and [18F]FDG between two groups were determined with Student t test. RESULTS Compared with control group, BLM group showed a higher lung uptake of [18F]ML-10 at all imaging time points (all P < 0.001). During the fibrotic phase of this disease model (days 21 and 28), the lung uptake of [18F]ML-10 was higher than that of [18F]FDG in the BLM group (all P < 0.001). Moreover, accumulation of [18F]ML-10 in the lung tissues increased in proportion to the apoptosis rate (R2 = 0.9863, P < 0.0001) and fibrotic activity (R2 = 0.9631, P < 0.0001) of rat pulmonary fibrosis. Conversely, no correlation between [18F]FDG uptake and fibrotic activity was found. CONCLUSIONS [18F]ML-10 PET/CT enabled monitoring the progression of rat pulmonary fibrosis, whereas [18F]FDG PET/CT could not. Implications for noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, assessment of fibrotic activity, and evaluation of antifibrotic therapy are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shu Su
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Aixia Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhanwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xianhong Xiang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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21
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Engel BJ, Gammon ST, Chaudhari R, Lu Z, Pisaneschi F, Yang H, Ornelas A, Yan V, Kelderhouse L, Najjar AM, Tong WP, Zhang S, Piwnica-Worms D, Bast RC, Millward SW. Caspase-3 Substrates for Noninvasive Pharmacodynamic Imaging of Apoptosis by PET/CT. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3180-3195. [PMID: 30168713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative imaging of apoptosis in vivo could enable real-time monitoring of acute cell death pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, as well as the efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. Here, we describe the development and validation of F-18-labeled caspase-3 substrates for PET/CT imaging of apoptosis. Preliminary studies identified the O-benzylthreonine-containing substrate 2MP-TbD-AFC as a highly caspase 3-selective and cell-permeable fluorescent reporter. This lead compound was converted into the radiotracer [18F]-TBD, which was obtained at 10% decay-corrected yields with molar activities up to 149 GBq/μmol on an automated radiosynthesis platform. [18F]-TBD accumulated in ovarian cancer cells in a caspase- and cisplatin-dependent fashion. PET imaging of a Jo2-induced hepatotoxicity model showed a significant increase in [18F]-TBD signal in the livers of Jo2-treated mice compared to controls, driven through a reduction in hepatobiliary clearance. A chemical control tracer that could not be cleaved by caspase 3 showed no change in liver accumulation after induction of hepatocyte apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that [18F]-TBD provides an immediate pharmacodynamic readout of liver apoptosis in mice by dynamic PET/CT and suggest that [18F]-TBD could be used to interrogate apoptosis in other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Informatics , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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22
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[18F]ML-10 Imaging for Assessment of Apoptosis Response of Intracranial Tumor Early after Radiosurgery by PET/CT. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:9365174. [PMID: 29983648 PMCID: PMC6015719 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9365174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
[18F]ML-10 is a novel apoptosis radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET). We assess the apoptosis response of intracranial tumor early after CyberKnife (CK) treatment by [18F]ML-10 PET imaging. 29 human subjects (30 lesions), diagnosed with intracranial tumors, underwent CK treatment at 14–24 Gy in 1–3 fractions, had [18F]ML-10 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before (pre-CK) and 48 hours after (post-CK) CK treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken before and 8 weeks after CK treatment. Voxel-based analysis was used for the imaging analysis. Heterogeneous changes of apoptosis in tumors before and after treatment were observed on voxel-based analysis of PET images. A positive correlation was observed between the change in radioactivity (X) and subsequent tumor volume (Y) (r=0.862, p < 0.05), with a regression equation of Y=1.018∗X − 0.016. Malignant tumors tend to be more sensitive to CK treatment, but the treatment outcome is not affected by pre-CK apoptotic status of tumor cells; [18F]ML-10 PET imaging could be taken as an assessment 48 h after CK treatment.
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23
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Wu M, Shu J. Multimodal Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1382183. [PMID: 29967571 PMCID: PMC6008764 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged at the end of the last century as an interdisciplinary method involving in vivo imaging and molecular biology aiming at identifying living biological processes at a cellular and molecular level in a noninvasive manner. It has a profound role in determining disease changes and facilitating drug research and development, thus creating new medical modalities to monitor human health. At present, a variety of different molecular imaging techniques have their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. In order to overcome these shortcomings, researchers combine two or more detection techniques to create a new imaging mode, such as multimodal molecular imaging, to obtain a better result and more information regarding monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we first describe the classic molecular imaging technology and its key advantages, and then, we offer some of the latest multimodal molecular imaging modes. Finally, we summarize the great challenges, the future development, and the great potential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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24
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Qian C, Liu DF, Wang CX, Ding J, An YL, Li PC, Teng GJ. Targeting Early Apoptosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke with a Small-Molecule Probe. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1862-1870. [PMID: 33445341 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong-Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong-Xiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan-Li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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25
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Demirci E, Ahmed R, Ocak M, Latoche J, Radelet A, DeBlasio N, Mason NS, Anderson CJ, Mountz JM. Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-ML-10 to Determine Timing of Apoptotic Response to Chemotherapy in Solid Tumors. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012116685941. [PMID: 28654376 PMCID: PMC5469516 DOI: 10.1177/1536012116685941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of apoptosis posttherapy to determine optimal timing for predicting chemotherapy response in a mouse head/neck xenograft cancer model. Procedures: BALB/c nude mice (4-8 weeks old) were implanted with UM-SCC-22B tumors. The treatment group received 2 doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg, days 0, 2). Small animal 18F-ML-10 PET/computed tomography was performed before and on days 1, 3, and 7 postchemotherapy. Using regions of interest around tumors, 18F-ML-10 uptake change was measured as %ID/g and uptake relative to liver. Terminal Uridine Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry assay was performed using tumor samples of baseline and on days 1, 3, and 7 posttreatment. Results: Treated mice demonstrated increased 18F-ML-10 uptake compared to baseline and controls, and 10 of 13 mice showed tumor volume decreases. All control mice showed tumor volume increases. Tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratios from the control group mice did not show significant change from baseline (P > .05); however, T/L ratios of the treatment group showed significant 18F-ML-10 uptake differences from baseline compared to days 3 and 7 posttreatment (P < .05), but no significant difference at 1 day posttreatment. Conclusion: 2-(5-Fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid PET imaging has the potential for early assessment of treatment-induced apoptosis. Timing and image analysis strategies may require optimization, depending on the type of tumor and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Demirci
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meltem Ocak
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph Latoche
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - April Radelet
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole DeBlasio
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Scott Mason
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,6 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - James M Mountz
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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27
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Bao X, Yang Z, Wang S, Zheng Y, Wang M, Gu B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. The preclinical study of predicting radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts by 18F-ML-10 animal- PET/CT imaging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20743-52. [PMID: 26942701 PMCID: PMC4991489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the radiosensitivity is associated with apoptosis. Hereby, we aimed to investigate the value of 18F-ML-10 PET/CT, which selectively targeted cells undergoing apoptosis, in predicting radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) xenografts. We used CNE1 (highly differentiated) and CNE2 (poorly differentiated) NPC cell lines to construct tumor models, which had very different radiosensitivities. After irradiation, the volumes of CNE2 tumors decreased significantly while those of CNE1 tumors increased. In 18F-ML-10 imaging, the values of tumor/muscle (T/M) between CNE1 and CNE2 mice were statistically different at both 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. Besides, ΔT/M1-0 and ΔT/M2-0 of CNE2 mice were higher than those of CNE1 mice, demonstrating obvious discrepancy. Furthermore, we observed obvious changes of radioactive distribution in CNE2 group. On the contrary, T/M of 18F-FDG in irradiation group revealed no obvious change in both CNE1 and CNE2 groups. In conclusion, 18F-ML-10 animal PET/CT showed its potential to predict radiosensitivity in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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SPECT and PET radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of apoptosis: from bench to clinic. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20476-20495. [PMID: 28108738 PMCID: PMC5386778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the central role of apoptosis in many human diseases and the wide-spread application of apoptosis-based therapeutics, molecular imaging of apoptosis in clinical practice is of great interest for clinicians, and holds great promises. Based on the well-defined biochemical changes for apoptosis, a rich assortment of probes and approaches have been developed for molecular imaging of apoptosis with various imaging modalities. Among these imaging techniques, nuclear imaging (including single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) remains the premier clinical method owing to their high specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals have been a major focus, and some of them like 99mTc-Annexin V, 18F-ML-10, 18F-CP18, and 18F-ICMT-11 are currently under clinical investigations in Phase I/II or Phase II/III clinical trials on a wide scope of diseases. In this review, we summarize these radiopharmaceuticals that have been widely used in clinical trials and elaborate them in terms of radiosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and dosimetry, and their applications in different clinical stages. We also explore the unique features required to qualify a desirable radiopharmaceutical for imaging apoptosis in clinical practice. Particularly, a perspective of the impact of these clinical efforts, namely, apoptosis imaging as predictive and prognostic markers, early-response indicators and surrogate endpoints, is also the highlight of this review.
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29
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Neves AA, Xie B, Fawcett S, Alam IS, Witney TH, de Backer MM, Summers J, Hughes W, McGuire S, Soloviev D, Miller J, Howat WJ, Hu DE, Rodrigues TB, Lewis DY, Brindle KM. Rapid Imaging of Tumor Cell Death In Vivo Using the C2A Domain of Synaptotagmin-I. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:881-887. [PMID: 28209913 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.183004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an important target for imaging the early response of tumors to treatment. We describe here the validation of a phosphatidylserine-binding agent for detecting tumor cell death in vivo based on the C2A domain of synaptotagmin-I. Methods: The capability of near-infrared fluorophore-labeled and 99mTc- and 111In-labeled derivatives of C2Am for imaging tumor cell death, using planar near-infrared fluorescence imaging and SPECT, respectively, was evaluated in implanted and genetically engineered mouse models of lymphoma and in a human colorectal xenograft. Results: The fluorophore-labeled C2Am derivative showed predominantly renal clearance and high specificity and sensitivity for detecting low levels of tumor cell death (2%-5%). There was a significant correlation (R > 0.9, P < 0.05) between fluorescently labeled C2Am binding and histologic markers of cell death, including cleaved caspase-3, whereas there was no such correlation with a site-directed mutant of C2Am (iC2Am) that does not bind phosphatidylserine. 99mTc-C2Am and 111In-C2Am also showed favorable biodistribution profiles, with predominantly renal clearance and low nonspecific retention in the liver and spleen at 24 h after probe administration. 99mTc-C2Am and 111In-C2Am generated tumor-to-muscle ratios in drug-treated tumors of 4.3× and 2.2×, respectively, at 2 h and 7.3× and 4.1×, respectively, at 24 h after administration. Conclusion: Given the favorable biodistribution profile of 99mTc- and 111In-labeled C2Am, and their ability to produce rapid and cell death-specific image contrast, these agents have potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Neves
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bangwen Xie
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah Fawcett
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Israt S Alam
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Timothy H Witney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maaike M de Backer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Summers
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - William Hughes
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah McGuire
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jodi Miller
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - William J Howat
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - De-En Hu
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tiago B Rodrigues
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Y Lewis
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Radiosynthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 99mTc-labeled 2-methyl-2-pentylmalonic acid as an apoptosis imaging agent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu S, Nie D, Jiang S, Tang G. Efficient automated synthesis of 2-(5-[ 18 F]fluoropentyl)-2-methylmalonic acid ([ 18 F]ML-10) on a commercial available [ 18 F]FDG synthesis module. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 123:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fan W, Zhang W, Jia Y, Brusnahan SK, Garrison JC. Investigation into the Biological Impact of Block Size on Cathepsin S-Degradable HPMA Copolymers. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1405-1417. [PMID: 28263073 PMCID: PMC5507698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers have been studied as an efficient carrier for drug delivery and tumor imaging. However, as with many macromolecular platforms, the substantial accumulation of HPMA copolymer by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-associated tissues, such as the blood, liver, and spleen, has inhibited its clinical translation. Our laboratory is pursuing approaches to improve the diagnostic and radiotherapeutic effectiveness of HPMA copolymers by reducing the nontarget accumulation. Specifically, we have been investigating the use of a cathepsin S (Cat S)-cleavable peptidic linkers to degrade multiblock HPMA copolymers to increase MPS-associated tissue clearance. In this study, we further our investigation into this area by exploring the impact of copolymer block size on the biological performance of Cat S-degradable HPMA copolymers. Using a variety of in vitro and in vivo techniques, including dual labeling of the copolymer and peptide components, we investigated the constructs using HPAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma models. The smaller copolymer block size (S-CMP) demonstrated significantly faster Cat S cleavage kinetics relative to the larger system (L-CMP). Confocal microscopy demonstrated that both constructs could be much more efficiently internalized by human monocyte-differentiated macrophage (hMDM) compared to HPAC cells. In the biodistribution studies, the multiblock copolymers with a smaller block size exhibited faster clearance and lower nontarget retention while still achieving good tumor targeting and retention. Based on the radioisotopic ratios, fragmentation and clearance of the copolymer constructs were higher in the liver compared to the spleen and tumor. Overall, these results indicate that block size plays an important role in the biological performance of Cat S-degradable polymeric constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Susan K. Brusnahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
| | - Jered C. Garrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 985830, United States
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Zhang X, Liu F, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule MG. Minimally invasive biomarkers of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:95-101. [PMID: 27784630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of general anesthesia with developmental neurotoxicity, while nearly impossible to study in pediatric populations, is clearly demonstrable in a variety of animal models from rodents to nonhuman primates. Nearly all general anesthetics tested have been shown to cause abnormal brain cell death in animals when administered during periods of rapid brain growth. The ability to repeatedly assess in the same subjects adverse effects induced by general anesthetics provides significant power to address the time course of important events associated with exposures. Minimally-invasive procedures provide the opportunity to bridge the preclinical/clinical gap by providing the means to more easily translate findings from the animal laboratory to the human clinic. Positron Emission Tomography or PET is a tool with great promise for realizing this goal. PET for small animals (microPET) is providing valuable data on the life cycle of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity. PET radioligands (annexin V and DFNSH) targeting apoptotic processes have demonstrated that a single bout of general anesthesia effected during a vulnerable period of CNS development can result in prolonged apoptotic signals lasting for several weeks in the rat. A marker of cellular proliferation (FLT) has demonstrated in rodents that general anesthesia-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation is evident when assessed a full 2weeks after exposure. Activated glia express Translocator Protein (TSPO) which can be used as a marker of presumed neuroinflammatory processes and a PET ligand for the TSPO (FEPPA) has been used to track this process in both rat and nonhuman primate models. It has been shown that single bouts of general anesthesia can result in elevated TSPO expression lasting for over a week. These examples demonstrate the utility of specific PET tracers to inform, in a minimally-invasive fashion, processes associated with general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The fact that PET procedures are also used clinically suggests an opportunity to confirm in humans what has been repeatedly observed in animals.
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Paramanik M, Singh R, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh SK. Catalytic nucleophilic fluorination by an imidazolium ionic liquid possessing trialkylphosphine oxide functionality. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Monitoring Cell Death in Regorafenib-Treated Experimental Colon Carcinomas Using Annexin-Based Optical Fluorescence Imaging Validated by Perfusion MRI. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138452. [PMID: 26393949 PMCID: PMC4578959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate annexin-based optical fluorescence imaging (OI) for monitoring regorafenib-induced early cell death in experimental colon carcinomas in rats, validated by perfusion MRI and multiparametric immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods Subcutaneous human colon carcinomas (HT-29) in athymic rats (n = 16) were imaged before and after a one-week therapy with regorafenib (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) using annexin-based OI and perfusion MRI at 3 Tesla. Optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and MRI tumor perfusion parameters (plasma flow PF, mL/100mL/min; plasma volume PV, %) were assessed. On day 7, tumors underwent immunohistochemical analysis for tumor cell apoptosis (TUNEL), proliferation (Ki-67), and microvascular density (CD31). Results Apoptosis-targeted OI demonstrated a tumor-specific probe accumulation with a significant increase of tumor SNR under therapy (mean Δ +7.78±2.95, control: -0.80±2.48, p = 0.021). MRI detected a significant reduction of tumor perfusion in the therapy group (mean ΔPF -8.17±2.32 mL/100 mL/min, control -0.11±3.36 mL/100 mL/min, p = 0.036). Immunohistochemistry showed significantly more apoptosis (TUNEL; 11392±1486 vs. 2921±334, p = 0.001), significantly less proliferation (Ki-67; 1754±184 vs. 2883±323, p = 0.012), and significantly lower microvascular density (CD31; 107±10 vs. 182±22, p = 0.006) in the therapy group. Conclusions Annexin-based OI allowed for the non-invasive monitoring of regorafenib-induced early cell death in experimental colon carcinomas, validated by perfusion MRI and multiparametric immunohistochemistry.
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Jeon J, Shim HE, Mushtaq S, Kang JA, Nam YR, Yoon S, Kim HR, Choi DS, Jang BS, Park SH. Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [125I]2-(4-iodophenethyl)-2-methylmalonic acid as a potential radiotracer for detection of apoptosis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hyafil F, Tran-Dinh A, Burg S, Leygnac S, Louedec L, Milliner M, Ben Azzouna R, Reshef A, Ben Ami M, Meilhac O, Le Guludec D. Detection of Apoptotic Cells in a Rabbit Model with Atherosclerosis-Like Lesions Using the Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer [
18
F]ML-10. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Hyafil
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Samuel Burg
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sébastien Leygnac
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Milan Milliner
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rana Ben Azzouna
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Ayelet Reshef
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Miri Ben Ami
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Dominique Le Guludec
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1148, Bichat University Hospital, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Aposense Ltd, Petach-Tikva, Israel; and Inserm U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, CYROI, Saint-Denis, France
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In Vivo Evaluation of Radiofluorinated Caspase-3/7 Inhibitors as Radiotracers for Apoptosis Imaging and Comparison with [18F]ML-10 in a Stroke Model in the Rat. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 18:117-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Witney TH, Hoehne A, Reeves RE, Ilovich O, Namavari M, Shen B, Chin FT, Rao J, Gambhir SS. A Systematic Comparison of 18F-C-SNAT to Established Radiotracer Imaging Agents for the Detection of Tumor Response to Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3896-905. [PMID: 25972517 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An early readout of tumor response to therapy through measurement of drug or radiation-induced cell death may provide important prognostic indications and improved patient management. It has been shown that the uptake of (18)F-C-SNAT can be used to detect early response to therapy in tumors by positron emission tomography (PET) via a mechanism of caspase-3-triggered nanoaggregation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we compared the preclinical utility of (18)F-C-SNAT for the detection of drug-induced cell death to clinically evaluated radiotracers, (18)F-FDG, (99m)Tc-Annexin V, and (18)F-ML-10 in tumor cells in culture, and in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. RESULTS In drug-treated lymphoma cells, (18)F-FDG, (99m)Tc-Annexin V, and (18)F-C-SNAT cell-associated radioactivity correlated well to levels of cell death (R(2) > 0.8; P < 0.001), with no correlation measured for (18)F-ML-10 (R(2) = 0.05; P > 0.05). A similar pattern of response was observed in two human NSCLC cell lines following carboplatin treatment. EL-4 tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-Annexin V and (18)F-C-SNAT were increased 1.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively, in drug-treated versus naïve control animals (P < 0.05), although (99m)Tc-Annexin V binding did not correlate to ex vivo TUNEL staining of tissue sections. A differential response was not observed with either (18)F-FDG or (18)F-ML-10. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated here that (18)F-C-SNAT can sensitively detect drug-induced cell death in murine lymphoma and human NSCLC. Despite favorable image contrast obtained with (18)F-C-SNAT, the development of next-generation derivatives, using the same novel and promising uptake mechanism, but displaying improved biodistribution profiles, are warranted for maximum clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Witney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert E Reeves
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ohad Ilovich
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Su H, Gorodny N, Gomez LF, Gangadharmath U, Mu F, Chen G, Walsh JC, Szardenings K, Kolb HC, Tamarappoo B. Noninvasive molecular imaging of apoptosis in a mouse model of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:e001952. [PMID: 25657296 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.001952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and myocardial dysfunction may be associated with apoptosis. Caspase 3 catalyzes a terminal step in apoptosis, and its expression may serve as a marker of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We synthesized 18F-CP18, a caspase-3 substrate and evaluated cardiac 18F-CP18 uptake in a mouse model of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS For 12 weeks, mice were injected with doxorubicin, 3 mg/kg/week, or vehicle (control). Left ventricular fractional shortening was quantified by echocardiography. CP18 uptake after intravenous injection of 250 μCi of 18F-CP18, 24 hours post-doxorubicin treatment was quantified by microPET, autoradiography, and gamma counting. Apoptosis was assessed by enzymatic assay of myocardial caspase 3 and TUNEL staining of tissue sections. Compared with controls, at 6 and 12 weeks of doxorubicin treatment, fractional shortening was reduced (20.7%±2.5% versus 31%±3.5%, P=0.010; and 20.3%±3.1% versus 32.4%±2.1%, P=0.011). Doxorubicin treatment was associated with increased 18F-CP18 uptake in %ID/g by gamma counting from 0.36±0.01 (week 1) to 0.78±0.01 (week 12), P=0.003. A similar increase in 18F-CP18 uptake was observed by microPET (0.41±0.04 versus 0.73±0.1, P=0.014) and autoradiography (1.1±0.3 versus 2.8±0.2 P=0.001). Caspase 3 enzymatic activity and apoptosis by TUNEL staining were also increased after 12 weeks of doxorubicin compared with weeks 1 and 3. CP18 uptake in controls was relatively unchanged at weeks 1, 3, and 12. CONCLUSIONS In a mouse model of cardiotoxicity, doxorubicin treatment is associated with increased myocardial caspase 3 expression and an increase in CP18 uptake. 18F-CP18 may be useful for detection of anthracycline-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Su
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Natalia Gorodny
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Luis Felipe Gomez
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Umesh Gangadharmath
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Fanrong Mu
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Gang Chen
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Joseph C Walsh
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Katrin Szardenings
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Hartmuth C Kolb
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.)
| | - Balaji Tamarappoo
- From Siemens Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Culver City, CA (H.S., N.G., L.F.G., U.G., F.M., G.C., J.C.W., K.S., H.C.K.); and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (B.T.).
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Zeng W, Wang X, Xu P, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of apoptosis: from micro to macro. Theranostics 2015; 5:559-82. [PMID: 25825597 PMCID: PMC4377726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in numerous human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, and is often confused with other types of cell death. Therefore strategies that enable visualized detection of apoptosis would be of enormous benefit in the clinic for diagnosis, patient management, and development of new therapies. In recent years, improved understanding of the apoptotic machinery and progress in imaging modalities have provided opportunities for researchers to formulate microscopic and macroscopic imaging strategies based on well-defined molecular markers and/or physiological features. Correspondingly, a large collection of apoptosis imaging probes and approaches have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we mainly discuss microscopic imaging assays and macroscopic imaging probes, ranging in complexity from simple attachments of reporter moieties to proteins that interact with apoptotic biomarkers, to rationally designed probes that target biochemical changes. Their clinical translation will also be our focus.
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Tavakoli S, Vashist A, Sadeghi MM. Molecular imaging of plaque vulnerability. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:1112-28; quiz 1129. [PMID: 25124827 PMCID: PMC4229449 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the development of novel imaging strategies focusing on the biology of the vessel wall for identification of vulnerable plaques. While the majority of these studies are still in the pre-clinical stage, few techniques (e.g., (18)F-FDG and (18)F-NaF PET imaging) have already been evaluated in clinical studies with promising results. Here, we will briefly review the pathobiology of atherosclerosis and discuss molecular imaging strategies that have been developed to target these events, with an emphasis on mechanisms that are associated with atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Tavakoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Aseem Vashist
- Section of Cardiology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mehran M. Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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Tillmanns J, Schneider M, Fraccarollo D, Schmitto JD, Länger F, Richter D, Bauersachs J, Samnick S. PET imaging of cardiac wound healing using a novel [68Ga]-labeled NGR probe in rat myocardial infarction. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 17:76-86. [PMID: 25011975 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peptides containing the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif bind to aminopeptidase N (CD13), which is expressed on inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. It is unclear whether radiolabeled NGR-containing tracers could be used for in vivo imaging of the early wound-healing phase after myocardial infarction (MI) using positron emission tomography (PET). PROCEDURES Uptake of novel tracer [(68)Ga]NGR was assessed together with [(68)Ga]arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ([(68)Ga]RGD) and 2-deoxy-2-[(18) F]fluoro-D-glucose after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury using μ-PET and autoradiography, and relative expressions of CD13 and integrin β3 were assessed in fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the infarcted myocardium, uptake of [(68)Ga]NGR was maximal from days 3 to 7 after MI/R, and correlated with fibroblast and inflammatory cell infiltration as well as [(68)Ga]RGD uptake. CONCLUSIONS [(68)Ga]NGR allows noninvasive and sequential determination of CD13 expression in fibroblasts and inflammatory cells by PET. This will facilitate monitoring of CD13 in the individual wound healing processes, allowing patient-specific therapies to improve outcome after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Tillmanns
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany,
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the caspase-3 substrate-based radiotracer [(18)F]-CP18 for PET imaging of apoptosis in tumors. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:748-57. [PMID: 23689985 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel caspase-3 substrate-based probe [(18)F]-CP18 was evaluated as an in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for monitoring apoptosis in tumors. METHODS Uptake of [(18)F]-CP18 in cell assays and tumors was measured. Caspase-3/7 activities in cell lysates and tumor homogenates were determined. Autoradiography,Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining were performed on adjacent tumor sections to identify areas of apoptosis. RESULTS The in vitro cell assays showed caspase-3-dependent uptake of [(18)F]-CP18 in tumor cells when treated with an apoptosis inducer. The in vivo microPET imaging signal of [(18)F]-CP18 in xenograft tumors correlated with the ex vivo caspase-3/7 activities in these tumors. Furthermore, tumor autoradiographies of [(18)F]-CP18 in tumor sections matched adjacent sections stained by TUNEL and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry (IHC). CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]-CP18 demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for activated caspase-3 both in vitro and in vivo, and the results support [(18)F]-CP18 as a promising new PET imaging agent for apoptosis.
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New SPECT and PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging cardiovascular disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:942960. [PMID: 24901002 PMCID: PMC4034657 DOI: 10.1155/2014/942960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear cardiology has experienced exponential growth within the past four decades with converging capacity to diagnose and influence management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with technetium-99m radiotracers or thallium-201 has dominated the field; however new hardware and software designs that optimize image quality with reduced radiation exposure are fuelling a resurgence of interest at the preclinical and clinical levels to expand beyond MPI. Other imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to emerge as powerful players with an expanded capacity to diagnose a variety of cardiac conditions. At the forefront of this resurgence is the development of novel target vectors based on an enhanced understanding of the underlying pathophysiological process in the subcellular domain. Molecular imaging with novel radiopharmaceuticals engineered to target a specific subcellular process has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and deliver enhanced prognostic information to alter management. This paper, while not comprehensive, will review the recent advancements in radiotracer development for SPECT and PET MPI, autonomic dysfunction, apoptosis, atherosclerotic plaques, metabolism, and viability. The relevant radiochemistry and preclinical and clinical development in addition to molecular imaging with emerging modalities such as cardiac MRI and PET-MR will be discussed.
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Hight MR, Cheung YY, Nickels ML, Dawson ES, Zhao P, Saleh S, Buck JR, Tang D, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. A peptide-based positron emission tomography probe for in vivo detection of caspase activity in apoptotic cells. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2126-35. [PMID: 24573549 PMCID: PMC3989451 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, can be leveraged as a surrogate measure of response to therapeutic interventions in medicine. Cysteine aspartic acid-specific proteases, or caspases, are essential determinants of apoptosis signaling cascades and represent promising targets for molecular imaging. Here, we report development and in vivo validation of [(18)F]4-fluorobenzylcarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone ([(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK), a novel peptide-based molecular probe suitable for quantification of caspase activity in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Supported by molecular modeling studies and subsequent in vitro assays suggesting probe feasibility, the labeled pan-caspase inhibitory peptide, [(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK, was produced in high radiochemical yield and purity using a simple two-step, radiofluorination. The biodistribution of [(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK in normal tissue and its efficacy to predict response to molecularly targeted therapy in tumors was evaluated using microPET imaging of mouse models of human colorectal cancer. RESULTS Accumulation of [(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK was found to agree with elevated caspase-3 activity in response to Aurora B kinase inhibition as well as a multidrug regimen that combined an inhibitor of mutant BRAF and a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in (V600E)BRAF colon cancer. In the latter setting, [(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK PET was also elevated in the tumors of cohorts that exhibited reduction in size. CONCLUSIONS These studies illuminate [(18)F]FB-VAD-FMK as a promising PET imaging probe to detect apoptosis in tumors and as a novel, potentially translatable biomarker for predicting response to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hight
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Yiu-Yin Cheung
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael L. Nickels
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Eric S. Dawson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt University Center for Structural Biology (CSB), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ping Zhao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Samir Saleh
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jason R. Buck
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Dewei Tang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Merchant S, Witney TH, Aboagye EO. Imaging as a pharmacodynamic and response biomarker in cancer. Clin Transl Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-014-0049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang H, Tang X, Tang G, Huang T, Liang X, Hu K, Deng H, Yi C, Shi X, Wu K. Noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging of cell death using a novel small-molecule probe, (18)F labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1017-27. [PMID: 23613106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (DPAZn2) coordination complexes are known to have a high specific and selective affinity to target the exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. An (18)F-labeled DPAZn2 complex (4-(18)F-Fluoro-benzoyl-bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine), (18)F-FB-DPAZn2) as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed and evaluated for in vivo imaging of tumor treated with a chemical agent. The in vitro cell stain studies revealed that fluorescent DPAZn2 complexes (Dansyl-DPAZn2) stained the same cells (apoptotic and necrotic cells) as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled Annexin V (FITC-Annexin V). The radiosynthesis of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was achieved through the amidation the precursor bis(2,2'-dipicolylamine) derivative (DPA2) with the prosthetic group N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB) and chelation with zinc nitrate. In the biodistribution study, the fast clearance of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 from blood and kidney was observed and high uptake in liver and intestine within 90 min postinjection was also found. For the PET imaging, significantly higher tumor uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was observed in the adriamycin (ADM)-treated Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice than that in the untreated tumor-model mice, while a slightly decreased tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG was found in the ADM-treated tumor-bearing mice. The results indicate that (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 has the similar capability of apoptosis detection as FITC-Annexin V and seems to be a potential PET tracer for noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of anti-tumor chemotherapy. The high uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 in the abdomen needs to optimize the structure for improving its pharmacokinetics characteristics in the future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Kadirvel M, Fairclough M, Cawthorne C, Rowling EJ, Babur M, McMahon A, Birkket P, Smigova A, Freeman S, Williams KJ, Brown G. Detection of apoptosis by PET/CT with the diethyl ester of [¹⁸F]ML-10 and fluorescence imaging with a dansyl analogue. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:341-9. [PMID: 24290974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The diethyl ester of [(18)F]ML-10 is a small molecule apoptotic PET probe for cancer studies. Here we report a novel multi-step synthesis of the diethyl ester of ML-10 in excellent yields via fluorination using Xtal-Fluor-E. In addition, a one-pot radiosynthesis of the diethyl ester of [(18)F]ML-10 from nucleophilic [(18)F]fluoride was completed in 23% radiochemical yield (decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of the product was ≥99%. The diethyl ester of [(18)F]ML-10 was used in vivo to detect apoptosis in the testes of mice. In parallel studies, the dansyl-ML-10 diethyl ester was prepared and used to detect apoptotic cells in an in vitro cell based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Kadirvel
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK; Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | | | - Emily J Rowling
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Muhammad Babur
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Adam McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Paul Birkket
- School of Science and Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, M15 6BH, UK
| | - Alison Smigova
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK; Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gavin Brown
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
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Abstract
There is currently a need for imaging methods capable of detecting cell death in tissues and the early onset of tumor cell death resulting from therapy. However, to date, no probe has been approved for routine imaging of cell death in the clinic. The challenge is to identify hallmarks of cell death, which have clinical relevance, and then to develop and validate imaging biomarkers for these hallmarks. We focus here on cell death imaging probes, which either have been trialed in the clinic or have significant promise, based on preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Neves
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, Li-Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
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