1
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Venkateswaran N, Garcia R, Lafita-Navarro MC, Hao YH, Perez-Castro L, Nogueira PAS, Solmonson A, Mender I, Kilgore JA, Fang S, Brown IN, Li L, Parks E, Lopes Dos Santos I, Bhaskar M, Kim J, Jia Y, Lemoff A, Grishin NV, Kinch L, Xu L, Williams NS, Shay JW, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhu H, Conacci-Sorrell M. Tryptophan fuels MYC-dependent liver tumorigenesis through indole 3-pyruvate synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4266. [PMID: 38769298 PMCID: PMC11106337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic activities and nutritional dependencies compared to normal cells. Thus, characterization of nutrient demands by individual tumor types may identify specific vulnerabilities that can be manipulated to target the destruction of cancer cells. We find that MYC-driven liver tumors rely on augmented tryptophan (Trp) uptake, yet Trp utilization to generate metabolites in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is reduced. Depriving MYC-driven tumors of Trp through a No-Trp diet not only prevents tumor growth but also restores the transcriptional profile of normal liver cells. Despite Trp starvation, protein synthesis remains unhindered in liver cancer cells. We define a crucial role for the Trp-derived metabolite indole 3-pyruvate (I3P) in liver tumor growth. I3P supplementation effectively restores the growth of liver cancer cells starved of Trp. These findings suggest that I3P is a potential therapeutic target in MYC-driven cancers. Developing methods to target this metabolite represents a potential avenue for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Roy Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pedro A S Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shun Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Isabella N Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emily Parks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Igor Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mahima Bhaskar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Kinch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Hasan Bou Issa L, Fléchon L, Laine W, Ouelkdite A, Gaggero S, Cozzani A, Tilmont R, Chauvet P, Gower N, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Brinster C, Thuru X, Touil Y, Quesnel B, Mitra S, Ghobrial IM, Kluza J, Manier S. MYC dependency in GLS1 and NAMPT is a therapeutic vulnerability in multiple myeloma. iScience 2024; 27:109417. [PMID: 38510131 PMCID: PMC10952034 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy in which MYC alterations contribute to the malignant phenotype. Nevertheless, MYC lacks therapeutic druggability. Here, we leveraged large-scale loss-of-function screens and conducted a small molecule screen to identify genes and pathways with enhanced essentiality correlated with MYC expression. We reported a specific gene dependency in glutaminase (GLS1), essential for the viability and proliferation of MYC overexpressing cells. Conversely, the analysis of isogenic models, as well as cell lines dataset (CCLE) and patient datasets, revealed GLS1 as a non-oncogenic dependency in MYC-driven cells. We functionally delineated the differential modulation of glutamine to maintain mitochondrial function and cellular biosynthesis in MYC overexpressing cells. Furthermore, we observed that pharmaceutical inhibition of NAMPT selectively affects MYC upregulated cells. We demonstrate the effectiveness of combining GLS1 and NAMPT inhibitors, suggesting that targeting glutaminolysis and NAD synthesis may be a promising strategy to target MYC-driven MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Hasan Bou Issa
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Léa Fléchon
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Aicha Ouelkdite
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Silvia Gaggero
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Adeline Cozzani
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Remi Tilmont
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Paul Chauvet
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Gower
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Carine Brinster
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yasmine Touil
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Suman Mitra
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Salomon Manier
- Canther, INSERM UMR-S1277 and CNRS UMR9020, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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3
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Fan Y, Xue H, Li Z, Huo M, Gao H, Guan X. Exploiting the Achilles' heel of cancer: disrupting glutamine metabolism for effective cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345522. [PMID: 38510646 PMCID: PMC10952006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have adapted to rapid tumor growth and evade immune attack by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Glutamine is an important nitrogen resource for synthesizing amino acids and nucleotides and an important carbon source in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid biosynthesis pathway. In this review, we summarize the significant role of glutamine metabolism in tumor development and highlight the vulnerabilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for effective therapy. In particular, we review the reported drugs targeting glutaminase and glutamine uptake for efficient cancer treatment. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical test about targeting glutamine metabolism and the prospective direction of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingge Huo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xingang Guan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Li C, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang L, Liang Y, Wu Z. Evaluation of (2S,4S)-4-[ 18F]FEBGln as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5195-5205. [PMID: 37647563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism-related tracers have the potential to visualize numerous tumors because glutamine is the second largest source of energy for tumors. (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was designed by introducing [18F]fluoroethoxy benzyl on carbon-4 of glutamine. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and tumor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging characteristics of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln in detail. The biodistribution results of nude mice bearing MCF-7 tumor showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln had high initial tumor uptake, and a fast clearance rate, resulting in a high tumor-to-muscle ratio at 30 min postinjection. There was no obvious defluorination in vivo. The micro-PET-CT imaging results of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln orthotopic MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice were consistent with the biological distribution results. Compared with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln showed poor tumor retention, but its clearance in normal tissues was also fast, so it had better PET image contrast than the former. Unlike poor retention in MCF-7-bearing nude mice, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has good retention in NCI-h1975 and 22Rv1 tumor models. Since (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has low uptake in normal lungs and high uptake in the bladder, it is expected to be used in the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer but cannot accurately determine prostate cancer. Consistent with the advantages of radiolabeled amino acids in the application of brain tumors, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln accurately diagnoses U87MG glioma with higher contrast than [18F]FET and [18F]FDG, and there is a correlation between (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln uptake and tumor growth cycle. Further kinetic model analysis showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was similar to (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, conforming to the one-compartment model and the Logan graphical model, and was expected to assess the size of the glutamine pool of the tumor. Therefore, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln is expected to provide a strong imaging basis for the diagnosis, formulation of personalized plans, and efficacy evaluation of glioma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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5
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Zhao W, Jing X, Wang T, Zhang F. Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031461. [PMID: 36771124 PMCID: PMC9919221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low response to standard anti-cancer therapies. There is an unmet need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of current treatments. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising approach for cancer treatment, and has displayed anticancer efficacy in multiple preclinical models. Recent studies have shown that the efficacy of CAP is positively correlated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This suggests that aggressively increasing intracellular ROS levels has the potential to further improve CAP-mediated anticancer efficacy. Glutamine plays an important role in cellular ROS scavenging after being converted to glutathione (GSH, a well-described antioxidant) under physiological conditions, so reducing intracellular glutamine levels seems to be a promising strategy. To test this hypothesis, we treated esophageal cancer cells with CAP while controlling the supply of glutamine. The results showed that glutamine did affect the anticancer effect of CAP, and the combination of CAP stimulation and glutamine deprivation significantly inhibited the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis documented a significant increase in more than 10% in apoptosis and necrosis of esophageal cancer cells after this synergistic treatment compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, these results provide the first direct evidence that the biological function of CAP can be modulated by glutamine levels and that combined CAP stimulation and glutamine deprivation represent a promising strategy for the future treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xumiao Jing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6872, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6872, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (F.Z.)
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6
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De los Santos-Jiménez J, Rosales T, Ko B, Campos-Sandoval JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J, DeBerardinis RJ, Matés JM. Metabolic Adjustments following Glutaminase Inhibition by CB-839 in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:531. [PMID: 36672480 PMCID: PMC9856342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells can use glutamine (Gln) for energy generation and biosynthetic purposes. Glutaminases (GAs) convert Gln into glutamate and ammonium. In humans, GAs are encoded by two genes: GLS and GLS2. In glioblastoma, GLS is commonly overexpressed and considered pro-oncogenic. We studied the metabolic effects of inhibiting GLS activity in T98G, LN229, and U87MG human glioblastoma cell lines by using the inhibitor CB-839. We performed metabolomics and isotope tracing experiments using U-13C-labeled Gln, as well as 15N-labeled Gln in the amide group, to determine the metabolic fates of Gln carbon and nitrogen atoms. In the presence of the inhibitor, the results showed an accumulation of Gln and lower levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and aspartate, along with a decreased oxidative labeling and diminished reductive carboxylation-related labeling of these metabolites. Additionally, CB-839 treatment caused decreased levels of metabolites from pyrimidine biosynthesis and an accumulation of intermediate metabolites in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. The levels of some acetylated and methylated metabolites were significantly increased, including acetyl-carnitine, trimethyl-lysine, and 5-methylcytosine. In conclusion, we analyzed the metabolic landscape caused by the GLS inhibition of CB-839 in human glioma cells, which might lead to the future development of new combination therapies with CB-839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan De los Santos-Jiménez
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Tracy Rosales
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bookyung Ko
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José A. Campos-Sandoval
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alonso
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José M. Matés
- Canceromics Laboratory, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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7
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Palani S, Miner MWG, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Örd T, Ravindran A, Kaikkonen MU, Knuuti J, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploiting Glutamine Consumption in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Positron Emission Tomography Tracer (2S,4R)-4-18F-Fluoroglutamine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821423. [PMID: 35145523 PMCID: PMC8822173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glutamine metabolism by macrophages is associated with development of atherosclerotic lesions. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with a glutamine analog (2S,4R)-4-18F-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) allows quantification of glutamine consumption in vivo. Here, we investigated uptake of 18F-FGln by atherosclerotic lesions in mice and compared the results with those obtained using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Uptake of 18F-FGln and 18F-FDG by healthy control mice (C57BL/6JRj) and atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) was investigated. The mice were injected intravenously with 18F-FGln or 18F-FDG for in vivo PET/CT imaging. After sacrifice at 70 minutes post-injection, tracer uptake was analyzed by gamma counting of excised tissues and by autoradiography of aorta cryosections, together with histological and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that myocardial uptake of 18F-FGln was low. PET/CT detected lesions in the aortic arch, with a target-to-background ratio (SUVmax, aortic arch/SUVmean, blood) of 1.95 ± 0.42 (mean ± standard deviation). Gamma counting revealed that aortic uptake of 18F-FGln by LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice (standardized uptake value [SUV], 0.35 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than that by healthy controls (0.20 ± 0.08, P = 0.03). More detailed analysis by autoradiography revealed that the plaque-to-healthy vessel wall ratio of 18F-FGln (2.90 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (1.93 ± 0.22, P = 0.004). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that 18F-FGln uptake in plaques co-localized with glutamine transporter SLC7A7-positive macrophages. Collectively these data show that the 18F-FGln PET tracer detects inflamed atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, exploiting glutamine consumption using 18F-FGln PET may have translational relevance for studying atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
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8
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Cohen AS, Grudzinski J, Smith GT, Peterson TE, Whisenant JG, Hickman TL, Ciombor KK, Cardin D, Eng C, Goff LW, Das S, Coffey RJ, Berlin JD, Manning HC. First-in-Human PET Imaging and Estimated Radiation Dosimetry of l-[5- 11C]-Glutamine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:36-43. [PMID: 33931465 PMCID: PMC8717201 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. In addition to glucose, glutamine is an important nutrient for cellular growth and proliferation. Noninvasive imaging via PET may help facilitate precision treatment of cancer through patient selection and monitoring of treatment response. l-[5-11C]-glutamine (11C-glutamine) is a PET tracer designed to study glutamine uptake and metabolism. The aim of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the radiologic safety and biodistribution of 11C-glutamine for oncologic PET imaging. Methods: Nine patients with confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer underwent PET/CT imaging. Patients received 337.97 ± 44.08 MBq of 11C-glutamine. Dynamic PET acquisitions that were centered over the abdomen or thorax were initiated simultaneously with intravenous tracer administration. After the dynamic acquisition, a whole-body PET/CT scan was acquired. Volume-of-interest analyses were performed to obtain estimates of organ-based absorbed doses of radiation. Results:11C-glutamine was well tolerated in all patients, with no observed safety concerns. The organs with the highest radiation exposure included the bladder, pancreas, and liver. The estimated effective dose was 4.46E-03 ± 7.67E-04 mSv/MBq. Accumulation of 11C-glutamine was elevated and visualized in lung, brain, bone, and liver metastases, suggesting utility for cancer imaging. Conclusion: PET using 11C-glutamine appears safe for human use and allows noninvasive visualization of metastatic colon cancer lesions in multiple organs. Further studies are needed to elucidate its potential for other cancers and for monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Cohen
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Gary T Smith
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Section Chief, Nuclear Medicine, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd E Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Tiffany L Hickman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kristen K Ciombor
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dana Cardin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Laura W Goff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Satya Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jordan D Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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9
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Liu AR, Ramakrishnan P. Regulation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Function by O-GlcNAcylation in Inflammation and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751761. [PMID: 34722537 PMCID: PMC8555427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a pleiotropic, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family that plays a central role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Great strides have been made in the past three decades to understand the role of NF-κB in physiological and pathological conditions. Carcinogenesis is associated with constitutive activation of NF-κB that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis evasion. NF-κB is ubiquitously expressed, however, its activity is under tight regulation by inhibitors of the pathway and through multiple posttranslational modifications. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification that controls NF-κB-dependent transactivation. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient-dependent rheostat of cellular signaling. Increased uptake of glucose and glutamine by cancer cells enhances NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation. Growing evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation of NF-κB is a key molecular mechanism that regulates cancer cell proliferation, survival and metastasis and acts as link between inflammation and cancer. In this review, we are attempting to summarize the current understanding of the cohesive role of NF-κB O-GlcNAcylation in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rose Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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10
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Menga A, Favia M, Spera I, Vegliante MC, Gissi R, De Grassi A, Laera L, Campanella A, Gerbino A, Carrà G, Canton M, Loizzi V, Pierri CL, Cormio G, Mazzone M, Castegna A. N-acetylaspartate release by glutaminolytic ovarian cancer cells sustains protumoral macrophages. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51981. [PMID: 34260142 PMCID: PMC8419692 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaminolysis is known to correlate with ovarian cancer aggressiveness and invasion. However, how this affects the tumor microenvironment is elusive. Here, we show that ovarian cancer cells become addicted to extracellular glutamine when silenced for glutamine synthetase (GS), similar to naturally occurring GS-low, glutaminolysis-high ovarian cancer cells. Glutamine addiction elicits a crosstalk mechanism whereby cancer cells release N-acetylaspartate (NAA) which, through the inhibition of the NMDA receptor, and synergistically with IL-10, enforces GS expression in macrophages. In turn, GS-high macrophages acquire M2-like, tumorigenic features. Supporting this in␣vitro model, in silico data and the analysis of ascitic fluid isolated from ovarian cancer patients prove that an M2-like macrophage phenotype, IL-10 release, and NAA levels positively correlate with disease stage. Our study uncovers the unprecedented role of glutamine metabolism in modulating macrophage polarization in highly invasive ovarian cancer and highlights the anti-inflammatory, protumoral function of NAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Menga
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Molecular Biotechnology CenterTurinItaly
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Iolanda Spera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Maria C Vegliante
- Haematology and Cell Therapy UnitIRCCS‐Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II'BariItaly
| | - Rosanna Gissi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Annalisa Campanella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Molecular Biotechnology CenterTurinItaly
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinOrbassanoItaly
| | - Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza ‐ IRPPadovaItaly
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Policlinico University of Bari “Aldo Moro”BariItaly
| | - Ciro L Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Policlinico University of Bari “Aldo Moro”BariItaly
- Gynecologic Oncology UnitIRCCSIstituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Molecular Biotechnology CenterTurinItaly
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer BiologyDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza ‐ IRPPadovaItaly
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11
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Bhingarkar A, Vangapandu HV, Rathod S, Hoshitsuki K, Fernandez CA. Amino Acid Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694526. [PMID: 34277440 PMCID: PMC8281237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism plays an important role in many cellular processes including energy production, immune function, and purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer cells therefore require increased AA uptake and undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the energy demand associated with their rapid proliferation. Like many other cancers, myeloid leukemias are vulnerable to specific therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dependencies. Herein, our review provides a comprehensive overview and TCGA data analysis of biosynthetic enzymes required for non-essential AA synthesis and their dysregulation in myeloid leukemias. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways of AA sensing on metabolic vulnerability and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboli Bhingarkar
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Lin L, Xiang X, Su S, Liu S, Xiong Y, Ma H, Yuan G, Nie D, Tang G. Biological Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Chem 2021; 9:630452. [PMID: 33937189 PMCID: PMC8085524 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.630452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FPGLU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imaging has been performed in our previous studies, but its radiosynthesis method and stability in vivo need to be improved. Hence, we evaluated the synthesis and biological properties of a simple [18F]-labeled glutamate analog, [18F]AlF-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic-acid-2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU), for HCC imaging. Procedures: [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was synthesized via a one-step reaction sequence from NOTA-NSC-GLU. In order to investigate the imaging value of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in HCC, we conducted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and competitive binding of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in human Hep3B tumor-bearing mice. The transport mechanism of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was determined by competitive inhibition and protein incorporation experiments in vitro. Results: [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was prepared with an overall radiochemical yield of 29.3 ± 5.6% (n = 10) without decay correction within 20 min. In vitro competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated that the Na+-dependent systems XAG-, B0+, ASC, and minor XC- were involved in the uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU, with the Na+-dependent system XAG- possibly playing a more dominant role. Protein incorporation studies of the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line showed almost no protein incorporation. Micro-PET/CT imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU showed good tumor-to-background contrast in Hep3B human hepatoma-bearing mouse models. After [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU injection, the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was 2.06 ± 0.17 at 30 min post-injection. In vivo competitive binding experiments showed that the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio decreased with the addition of inhibitors to block the XAG system. Conclusions: We have successfully synthesized [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a novel PET tracer with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. Our findings indicate that [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU may be a potential candidate for HCC imaging. Also, a further biological evaluation is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lin
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Xiang
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Su
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongjun Yuan
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Mahabady MK, Nabavi N, Zabolian A, Banihashemi SM, Haddadi A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K, Makvandi P, Samarghandian S, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H. Pre-clinical investigation of STAT3 pathway in bladder cancer: Paving the way for clinical translation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111077. [PMID: 33378975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy requires identification of signaling networks and investigating their potential role in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Among molecular pathways, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been of importance due to its involvement in promoting proliferation, and invasion of cancer cells, and mediating chemoresistance. In the present review, our aim is to reveal role of STAT3 pathway in bladder cancer (BC), as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In respect to its tumor-promoting role, STAT3 is able to enhance the growth of BC cells via inhibiting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. STAT3 also contributes to metastasis of BC cells via upregulating of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as genes in the EMT pathway. BC cells obtain chemoresistance via STAT3 overexpression and its inhibition paves the way for increasing efficacy of chemotherapy. Different molecular pathways such as KMT1A, EZH2, DAB2IP and non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs can function as upstream mediators of STAT3 that are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Research Services, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirabbas Haddadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- IstitutoItaliano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, OrtaMahalle, ÜniversiteCaddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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14
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, de Los Santos-Jiménez J, Segura JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J. Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer by Chemicals that Target Glutaminase Isoenzymes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5317-5339. [PMID: 31038055 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190416165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming of tumours is a hallmark of cancer. Among the changes in the metabolic network of cancer cells, glutaminolysis is a key reaction altered in neoplasms. Glutaminase proteins control the first step in glutamine metabolism and their expression correlates with malignancy and growth rate of a great variety of cancers. The two types of glutaminase isoenzymes, GLS and GLS2, differ in their expression patterns and functional roles: GLS has oncogenic properties and GLS2 has been described as a tumour suppressor factor. RESULTS We have focused on glutaminase connections with key oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Targeting glutaminase isoenzymes includes different strategies aimed at deactivating the rewiring of cancer metabolism. In addition, we found a long list of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and signalling pathways dealing with glutaminase. On the other hand, a number of chemicals have been described as isoenzyme-specific inhibitors of GLS and/or GLS2 isoforms. These molecules are being characterized as synergic and therapeutic agents in many types of tumours. CONCLUSION This review states the metabolic pathways that are rewired in cancer, the roles of glutaminase isoforms in cancer, as well as the metabolic circuits regulated by glutaminases. We also show the plethora of anticancer drugs that specifically inhibit glutaminase isoenzymes for treating several sets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan de Los Santos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Segura
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Alonso
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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15
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Dietary modifications for enhanced cancer therapy. Nature 2020; 579:507-517. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Dynamic PET/CT imaging of 18F-(2S, 4R)4-fluoroglutamine in healthy volunteers and oncological patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2280-2292. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Tang C, Pan Q, Gao S, Sun A, Wen F, Tang G. Excitatory glutamate transporter EAAC1 as an important transporter of N-(2-[ 18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate in oncology PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:55-62. [PMID: 32066035 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have reported that N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FPGLU) was a potential amino acid tracer for tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, the relationship between glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) expression and [18F]FPGLU uptake in rat C6 glioma cell lines and human SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was investigated. METHODS The uptake of [18F]FPGLU was assessed in ATRA-treated and untreated C6 cell lines, and also in EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) cells and SPC-A-1(NT) control cells. PET imaging of [18F]FPGLU was performed on the SPC-A-1 and SPC-A-1 (shRNA)-bearing mice models. RESULTS The uptake of [18F]FPGLU in C6 cells increased significantly after induced by ATRA for 24, 48, and 72 h, which was closely related to expression of EAAC1 in C6 cells (R2 = 0.939). Compared with the SPC-A-1(NT) control cells, the uptake of [18F]FPGLU on EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) cells significantly decreased to 64.0%. Moreover, the uptake of [18F]FPGLU in EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) xenografts was significantly lower than that in SPC-A-1 xenografts, with tumor/muscle ratios of 3.01 vs. 1.67 at 60 min post-injection of [18F]FPGLU. CONCLUSION The transport mechanism of [18F]FPGLU in glioma C6 and lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1 cell lines mainly involves in glutamate transporter EAAC1. EAAC1 is an important transporter of N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate in oncologic PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiyong Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Aixia Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuhua Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Nanfang PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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18
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van der Vorst EPC, Weber C. Novel Features of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e30-e37. [PMID: 30673349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C.W.)
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19
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Zheng H, Dong B, Ning J, Shao X, Zhao L, Jiang Q, Ji H, Cai A, Xue W, Gao H. NMR-based metabolomics analysis identifies discriminatory metabolic disturbances in tissue and biofluid samples for progressive prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:241-251. [PMID: 31758937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men, but its metabolic characteristics during tumor progression are still far from being fully understood. METHODS The metabolic profiles of matched tissue, serum and urine samples from the same patients were analyzed using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. We identified several important metabolites that significantly altered at different stages of PCa, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), early PCa (EPC), advanced PCa (APC), metastatic PCa (MPC) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Metabolic correlation networks among tissue, serum and urine samples were examined using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS The changes in metabolic phenotypes during the progression of PCa were more noticeable in tissue samples when compared with serum and urine samples. Herein we identified a series of important metabolic disturbances, including decreased trends of citrate, creatinine, acetate, leucine, valine, glycine, lysine, histidine, glutamine and choline as well as increased trends of uridine and formate. These metabolites are mainly implicated in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, choline and fatty acid metabolism as well as uridine metabolism. We also found that energy metabolism in tumor tissues was positively associated with amino acid metabolism in serum and urine. Additionally, CRPC patients had a peculiar metabolic phenotype, especially decreased amino acid metabolism in serum. CONCLUSIONS The present study characterizes metabolic disturbances in both tissue and biofluid samples during PCa progression and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Aimin Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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20
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Chen J, Li C, Hong H, Liu H, Wang C, Xu M, Han Y, Liu Z. Side Chain Optimization Remarkably Enhances the in Vivo Stability of 18F-Labeled Glutamine for Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:5035-5041. [PMID: 31670970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Similar to glycolysis, glutaminolysis acts as a vital energy source in tumor cells, providing building blocks for the metabolic needs of tumor cells. To capture glutaminolysis in tumors, 18F-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) and 18F-fluoroboronoglutamine ([18F]FBQ) have been successfully developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, but these two molecules lack stability, resulting in undesired yet significant bone uptake. In this study, we found that [18F]FBQ-C2 is a stable Gln PET tracer by adding two more methylene groups to the side chain of [18F]FBQ. [18F]FBQ-C2 was synthesized with a good radiochemical yield of 35% and over 98% radiochemical purity. [18F]FBQ-C2 showed extreme stability in vitro, and no defluorination was observed after 2 h in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C. The competitive inhibition assay results indicated that [18F]FBQ-C2 enters cells via the system ASC and N, similar to natural glutamine, and can be transported by tumor-overexpressed ASCT2. PET imaging and biodistribution results indicated that [18F]FBQ-C2 is stable in vivo with low bone uptake (0.81 ± 0.20% ID/g) and can be cleared rapidly from most tissues. Dynamic scan and pharmacokinetic studies using BGC823-xenograft-bearing mice revealed that [18F]FBQ-C2 accumulates specifically in tumors, with a longer half-life (101.18 ± 6.50 min) in tumor tissues than in other tissues (52.70 ± 12.44 min in muscle). Biodistribution exhibits a high tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (4.8 ± 1.7 for the muscle, 2.5 ± 1.0 for the stomach, 2.2 ± 0.9 for the liver, and 17.8 ± 8.4 for the brain). In conclusion, [18F]FBQ-C2 can be used to perform high-contrast Gln imaging of tumors and can serve as a PET tracer for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cong Li
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuxiang Han
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Yi H, Talmon G, Wang J. Glutamate in cancers: from metabolism to signaling. J Biomed Res 2019; 34:260-270. [PMID: 32594024 PMCID: PMC7386414 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20190037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine and glutamate are major bioenergy substrates for normal and cancer cell growth. Cancer cells need more biofuel than normal tissues for energy supply, anti-oxidation activity and biomass production. Genes related to metabolic chains in many cancers are somehow mutated, which makes cancer cells more glutamate dependent. Meanwhile, glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter for conducting signals through binding with different types of receptors in central neuron system. Interestingly, increasing evidences have shown involvement of glutamate signaling, guided through their receptors, in human malignancy. Dysregulation of glutamate transporters, such as excitatory amino acid transporter and cystine/glutamate antiporter system, also generates excessive extracellular glutamate, which in turn, activates glutamate receptors on cancer cells and results in malignant growth. These features make glutamate an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development with some glutamate targeted but blood brain barrier impermeable anti-psychosis drugs under consideration. We discussed the relevant progressions and drawbacks in this field herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Yi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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22
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Sun N, Liang Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Li D, Liang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Niu H. Glutamine affects T24 bladder cancer cell proliferation by activating STAT3 through ROS and glutaminolysis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2189-2200. [PMID: 31661119 PMCID: PMC6844601 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolism are common phenomena in tumors. Glutamine (Gln) has been documented to play a critical role in tumor growth. In this study, we aimed to to explore the mechanisms through which bladder cancer cells utilize Gln to fulfill their biosynthetic needs during proliferation. In addition, the roles of Gln in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression were examined in vitro in the T24 bladder cancer cell line. The results revealed that the T24 cell line was markedly Gln-dependent and that Gln supplementation promoted T24 proliferation through the actions of Gln as a ROS moderator and as a metabolic fuel in the TCA cycle. Importantly, extracellular Gln deprivation deregulated the production of the transcription factor, STAT3. Additionally, STAT3 expression was affected by the degree of Gln metabolism, as regulated by Gln intermediates and ROS. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that Gln promotes the proliferation of the Gln-dependent bladder cancer cell line, T24, by supplementing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and neutralizing ROS to activate the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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23
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Grkovski M, Goel R, Krebs S, Staton KD, Harding JJ, Mellinghoff IK, Humm JL, Dunphy MPS. Pharmacokinetic Assessment of 18F-(2 S,4 R)-4-Fluoroglutamine in Patients with Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:357-366. [PMID: 31601700 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-(2S,4R)-4-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) is an investigational PET radiotracer for imaging tumor glutamine flux and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate its pharmacokinetic properties in patients with cancer. Methods: Fifty lesions from 41 patients (21 men and 20 women, aged 54 ± 14 y) were analyzed. Thirty-minute dynamic PET scans were performed concurrently with a rapid intravenous bolus injection of 232 ± 82 MBq of 18F-FGln, followed by 2 static PET scans at 97 ± 14 and 190 ± 12 min after injection. Five patients also underwent a second 18F-FGln study 4-13 wk after initiation of therapy with glutaminase, dual TORC1/2, or programmed death-1 inhibitors. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma and metabolite fractions and to scale the image-derived input function. Regions of interest were manually drawn to calculate SUVs. Pharmacokinetic modeling with both reversible and irreversible 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models was performed to calculate the kinetic rate constants K 1, k 2, k 3, and k 4 The analysis was repeated with truncated 30-min dynamic datasets. Results: Intratumor 18F-FGln uptake patterns demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in different lesion types. In most lesions, the reversible 2-tissue-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate according to the Akaike information criterion. K 1, a surrogate biomarker for 18F-FGln intracellular transport, was the kinetic rate constant that was most correlated both with SUV at 30 min (Spearman ρ = 0.71) and with SUV at 190 min (ρ = 0.51). Only K 1 was reproducible from truncated 30-min datasets (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.96). k 3, a surrogate biomarker for glutaminolysis rate, was relatively low in about 50% of lesions. Treatment with glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 substantially reduced the glutaminolysis rates as measured by k 3 Conclusion: 18F-FGln dynamic PET is a sensitive tool for studying glutamine transport and metabolism in human malignancies. Analysis of dynamic data facilitates better understanding of 18F-FGln pharmacokinetics and may be necessary for response assessment to targeted therapies that impact intracellular glutamine pool size and tumor glutaminolysis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Simone Krebs
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin D Staton
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probe Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark P S Dunphy
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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24
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Lu H, Lu Y, Xie Y, Qiu S, Li X, Fan Z. Rational combination with PDK1 inhibition overcomes cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131106. [PMID: 31578313 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an EGFR-blocking antibody, is currently approved for treatment of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but its response rate is limited. In addition to blocking EGFR-stimulated cell signaling, cetuximab can induce endocytosis of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter associated with EGFR in a complex, leading to glutathione biosynthesis inhibition and cellular sensitization to ROS. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1), a key mitochondrial enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, redirects glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that targeting PDK1 is a rational approach to synergize with cetuximab through ROS overproduction. We found that combination of PDK1 knockdown or inhibition by dichloroacetic acid (DCA) with ASCT2 knockdown or with cetuximab treatment induced ROS overproduction and apoptosis in HNSCC cells, and this effect was independent of effective inhibition of EGFR downstream pathways but could be lessened by N-acetyl cysteine, an anti-oxidative agent. In several cetuximab-resistant HNSCC xenograft models, DCA plus cetuximab induced marked tumor regression, whereas either agent alone failed to induce tumor regression. Our findings call for potentially novel clinical trials of combining cetuximab and DCA in patients with cetuximab-sensitive EGFR-overexpressing tumors and patients with cetuximab-resistant EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yangyiran Xie
- Program in Neuroscience, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Songbo Qiu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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25
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Matés JM, Di Paola FJ, Campos-Sandoval JA, Mazurek S, Márquez J. Therapeutic targeting of glutaminolysis as an essential strategy to combat cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:34-43. [PMID: 31100352 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer targets glutamine metabolism as a key mechanism to provide energy, biosynthetic precursors and redox requirements to allow the massive proliferation of tumor cells. Glutamine is also a signaling molecule involved in essential pathways regulated by oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors. Glutaminase isoenzymes are critical proteins to control glutaminolysis, a key metabolic pathway for cell proliferation and survival that directs neoplasms' fate. Adaptive glutamine metabolism can be altered by different metabolic therapies, including the use of specific allosteric inhibitors of glutaminase that can evoke synergistic effects for the therapy of cancer patients. We also review other clinical applications of in vivo assessment of glutaminolysis by metabolomic approaches, including diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Floriana J Di Paola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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26
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Devi S, Savitri, Raj T, Sharma N, Azmi W. In silicoAnalysis of L-Glutaminase from Extremophiles. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180911110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:L-glutaminase enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. Protein L-glutaminase, which converts amino acid glutamine to a glutamate residue, is useful as antileukemic agent, antiretroviral agent and a new food-processing enzyme.Objective:The sequences representing L-glutaminase from extremophiles were analyzed for different physico-chemical properties and to relate these observed differences to their extremophilic properties, phylogenetic tree construction and the evolutionary relationship among them.Methods:In this work, in silico analysis of amino acid sequences of extremophilic (thermophile, halophile and psychrophiles) proteins has been done. The physiochemical properties of these four groups of proteins for L-glutaminase also differ in number of amino acids, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY).Result:The GRAVY was found to be significantly high in thermophilic (2.29 fold) and psychrophilic bacteria (3.3 fold) as compare to mesophilic bacteria. The amino acid Cys (C) was found to be statistically significant in mesophilic bacteria (approximately or more than 3 fold) as compared to the abundance of this amino acid in extremophilic bacteria.Conclusion:Multiple sequence alignment revealed the domain/motif for glutaminase that consists of Ser-74, Lys-77, Asn-126, Lys-268, and Ser-269, which is highly conserved in all microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Savitri
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Tilak Raj
- Sub-Distributed Information Centre, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- Sub-Distributed Information Centre, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Wamik Azmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
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27
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Sun H, Huang Z, Sheng W, Xu MD. Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in tumor metabolism. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:106. [PMID: 30134946 PMCID: PMC6104013 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, tumor cells display distinct metabolic characteristics. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a large class of regulatory RNA molecules with limited or no protein-coding capacity, play key roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Recent advances have revealed that lncRNAs play a vital role in cell metabolism by regulating the reprogramming of the metabolic pathways in cancer cells. LncRNAs could regulate various metabolic enzymes that integrate cell malignant transformation and metabolic reprogramming. In addition to the known functions of lncRNAs in regulating glycolysis and glucose homeostasis, recent studies also implicate lncRNAs in amino acid and lipid metabolism. These observations reveal the high complexity of the malignant metabolism. Elucidating the metabolic-related functions of lncRNAs will provide a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of metabolism and thus may provide insights for the clinical development of cancer diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Mi-Die Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pathology, Tissue bank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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28
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Munksgaard Thorén M, Vaapil M, Staaf J, Planck M, Johansson ME, Mohlin S, Påhlman S. Myc-induced glutaminolysis bypasses HIF-driven glycolysis in hypoxic small cell lung carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48983-48995. [PMID: 28430666 PMCID: PMC5564742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells lack HIF-2α protein expression, whereas HIF-1α in these cells is expressed at both acute and prolonged hypoxia. Here we show that low HIF2A expression correlates with high expression of MYC genes. Knockdown of HIF1A expression had no or limited effect on cell survival and growth in vitro. Unexpectedly, hypoxic ATP levels were not affected by HIF-1α knockdown and SCLC cell viability did not decrease upon glucose deprivation. In line with these in vitro data, xenograft tumor-take and growth were not significantly affected by repressed HIF1A expression. Glutamine withdrawal drastically decreased SCLC cell proliferation and increased cell death at normoxia and hypoxia in a HIF-independent fashion and the dependence on glutaminolysis was linked to amplification of either MYC or MYCL. Downregulation of GLS expression, regulating the first step of the glutaminolysis pathway, in MYC/MYCL overexpressing SCLC cells resulted in both impaired growth and increased cell death. Our results suggest that MYC/MYCL overexpression in SCLC cells overrides the need of HIF-1 activity in response to hypoxia by inducing glutaminolysis and lipogenesis. Targeting the glutaminolysis pathway might hence be a novel approach to selectively kill MYC amplified SCLC cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Munksgaard Thorén
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marica Vaapil
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Current address: Biosciences Area, Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, SE Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E Johansson
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Pham LV, Bryant JL, Mendez R, Chen J, Tamayo AT, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH, Manyam GC, Yang D, Medeiros LJ, Ford RJ. Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80599-80611. [PMID: 27716624 PMCID: PMC5348344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) requires two key nutrients glucose and glutamine for O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, a post-translational protein modification that adds GlcNAc to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Increased GlcNAc has been linked to regulatory factors involved in cancer cell growth and survival. However, the biological significance of GlcNAc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is not well defined. This study is the first to show that both the substrate and the endpoint O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme of the HBP were highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines and in patient tumors compared with normal B-lymphocytes. Notably, high OGT mRNA levels were associated with poor survival of DLBCL patients. Targeting OGT via small interference RNA in DLBCL cells inhibited activation of GlcNAc, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), as well as cell growth. Depleting both glucose and glutamine in DLBCL cells or treating them with an HBP inhibitor (azaserine) diminished O-GlcNAc protein substrate, inhibited constitutive NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, and induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Replenishing glucose-and glutamine-deprived DLBCL cells with a synthetic glucose analog (ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine [ECG]) reversed these phenotypes. Finally, we showed in both in vitro and in vivo murine models that DLBCL cells easily take up radiolabeled technetium-99m-ECG conjugate. These findings suggest that targeting the HBP has therapeutic relevance for DLBCL and underscores the imaging potential of the glucosamine analog ECG in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerry L Bryant
- Division of Translational Medicine, Cell>Point Pharmaceuticals, Centennial, CO, USA
| | - Richard Mendez
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Archito T Tamayo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Yang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Cell>Point Pharmaceuticals, Centennial, CO, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Ford
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Beaudin S, Welsh J. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamine Metabolism in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4174-4188. [PMID: 29029014 PMCID: PMC5711383 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic profiling has identified a subset of metabolic genes that are altered by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) in breast cells, including GLUL, the gene that encodes glutamine synthetase (GS). In this study, we explored the relevance of vitamin D modulation of GLUL and other metabolic genes in the context of glutamine utilization and dependence. We show that exposure of breast epithelial cells to glutamine deprivation or a GS inhibitor reduced growth and these effects were exacerbated by cotreatment with 1,25D. 1,25D downregulation of GLUL was sufficient to reduce abundance and activity of GS. Flow cytometry demonstrated that glutamine deprivation induced S phase arrest, likely due to reduced availability of glutamine for DNA synthesis. In contrast, 1,25D induced G0/G1 arrest, indicating that its effects are not solely due to reduced glutamine synthesis. Indeed, 1,25D also reduced expression of GLS1 and GLS2 genes, which code for glutaminases that shunt glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Consistent with reduced entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle, 1,25D inhibited glutamine oxidation and the metabolic response to exogenous glutamine as analyzed by Seahorse Bioscience extracellular flux assays. Effects of 1,25D on GLUL/GS expression and glutamine oxidation were retained in human mammary epithelial (HME) cells that express SV-40 (HME-LT cells) but not in those that express SV-40 and oncogenic H-Ras (HME-PR cells). Furthermore, HME-PR cells exhibited glutamine independence and expressed constitutively high levels of GLUL/GS, which were unaffected by 1,25D. Collectively, these data suggest that 1,25D alters glutamine availability, dependence, and metabolism in nontransformed and preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells in association with cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
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Roux C, Riganti C, Borgogno SF, Curto R, Curcio C, Catanzaro V, Digilio G, Padovan S, Puccinelli MP, Isabello M, Aime S, Cappello P, Novelli F. Endogenous glutamine decrease is associated with pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95361-95376. [PMID: 29221133 PMCID: PMC5707027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. The mortality is very high, which emphasizes the need to identify biomarkers for early detection. As glutamine metabolism alteration is a feature of PDAC, its in vivo evaluation may provide a useful tool for biomarker identification. Our aim was to identify a handy method to evaluate blood glutamine consumption in mouse models of PDAC. We quantified the in vitro glutamine uptake by Mass Spectrometry (MS) in tumor cell supernatants and showed that it was higher in PDAC compared to non-PDAC tumor and pancreatic control human cells. The increased glutamine uptake was paralleled by higher activity of most glutamine pathway-related enzymes supporting nucleotide and ATP production. Free glutamine blood levels were evaluated in orthotopic and spontaneous mouse models of PDAC and other pancreatic-related disorders by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and/or MS. Notably we observed a reduction of blood glutamine as much as the tumor progressed from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions to invasive PDAC, but was not related to chronic pancreatitis-associated inflammation or diabetes. In parallel the increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were observed. By contrast blood glutamine levels were stable in non-tumor bearing mice. These findings demonstrated that glutamine uptake is measurable both in vitro and in vivo. The higher in vitro avidity of PDAC cells corresponded to a lower blood glutamine level as soon as the tumor mass grew. The reduction in circulating glutamine represents a novel tool exploitable to implement other diagnostic or prognostic PDAC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sammy Ferri Borgogno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Curto
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puccinelli
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Isabello
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Tavakoli S, Downs K, Short JD, Nguyen HN, Lai Y, Jerabek PA, Goins B, Toczek J, Sadeghi MM, Asmis R. Characterization of Macrophage Polarization States Using Combined Measurement of 2-Deoxyglucose and Glutamine Accumulation: Implications for Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1840-1848. [PMID: 28798141 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the early promising results of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessment of vessel wall inflammation, its accuracy in prospective identification of vulnerable plaques has remained limited. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake alone may not allow for accurate identification of specific macrophage activation states. We aimed to determine whether combined measurement of glucose and glutamine accumulation-the 2 most important bioenergetic substrates for macrophages-improves the distinction of macrophage inflammatory states and can be utilized to image atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Murine peritoneal macrophages (MΦ) were activated ex vivo into proinflammatory states with either lipopolysaccharide (MΦLPS) or interferon-γ+tumor necrosis factor-α (MΦIFN-γ+TNF-α). An alternative polarization phenotype was induced with interleukin-4 (MΦIL-4). The pronounced increase in 2-deoxyglucose uptake distinguishes MΦLPS from MΦIFN-γ+TNF-α, MΦIL-4, and unstimulated macrophages (MΦ0). Despite having comparable levels of 2-deoxyglucose accumulation, MΦIL-4 can be distinguished from both MΦIFN-γ+TNF-α and MΦ0 based on the enhanced glutamine accumulation, which was associated with increased expression of a glutamine transporter, Slc1a5. Ex vivo autoradiography experiments demonstrated distinct and heterogenous patterns of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 14C-glutamine accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Combined assessment of glutamine and 2-deoxyglucose accumulation improves the ex vivo identification of macrophage activation states. Combined ex vivo metabolic imaging demonstrates heterogenous and distinct patterns of substrate accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Further studies are required to define the in vivo significance of glutamine uptake in atherosclerosis and its potential application in identification of vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Tavakoli
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin Downs
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John D Short
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Huynh Nga Nguyen
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yanlai Lai
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul A Jerabek
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Beth Goins
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jakub Toczek
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Reto Asmis
- From the Department of Radiology (S.T.) and Department of Medicine (S.T.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (K.D), Department of Pharmacology (J.D.S.), Department of Biochemistry (H.N.N., R.A.), Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Y.L., R.A.), Department of Radiology (P.A.J., B.G., R.A.), and Research Imaging Institute (P.A.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.T., M.M.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.T., M.M.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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White MA, Lin C, Rajapakshe K, Dong J, Shi Y, Tsouko E, Mukhopadhyay R, Jasso D, Dawood W, Coarfa C, Frigo DE. Glutamine Transporters Are Targets of Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1017-1028. [PMID: 28507054 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known importance of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer, the processes downstream of AR that drive disease development and progression remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap has thus limited the ability to treat cancer. Here, it is demonstrated that androgens increase the metabolism of glutamine in prostate cancer cells. This metabolism was required for maximal cell growth under conditions of serum starvation. Mechanistically, AR signaling promoted glutamine metabolism by increasing the expression of the glutamine transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5, genes commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Correspondingly, gene expression signatures of AR activity correlated with SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 mRNA levels in clinical cohorts. Interestingly, MYC, a canonical oncogene in prostate cancer and previously described master regulator of glutamine metabolism, was only a context-dependent regulator of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 levels, being unable to regulate either transporter in PTEN wild-type cells. In contrast, rapamycin was able to decrease the androgen-mediated expression of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 independent of PTEN status, indicating that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was needed for maximal AR-mediated glutamine uptake and prostate cancer cell growth. Taken together, these data indicate that three well-established oncogenic drivers (AR, MYC, and mTOR) function by converging to collectively increase the expression of glutamine transporters, thereby promoting glutamine uptake and subsequent prostate cancer cell growth.Implications: AR, MYC, and mTOR converge to increase glutamine uptake and metabolism in prostate cancer through increasing the levels of glutamine transporters. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 1017-28. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A White
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ratna Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Jasso
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wajahat Dawood
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas. .,Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Chávez-Blanco A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Dueñas-González A. Understanding tumor anabolism and patient catabolism in cancer-associated cachexia. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1107-1135. [PMID: 28560061 PMCID: PMC5446478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial paraneoplastic syndrome commonly associated with advanced stages of cancer. Cachexia is responsible for poor responses to antitumoral treatment and death in close to one-third of affected patients. There is still an incomplete understanding of the metabolic dysregulation induced by a tumor that leads to the appearance and persistence of cachexia. Furthermore, cachexia is irreversible, and there are currently no guidelines for its diagnosis or treatments for it. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about cancer-associated cachexia, starting with generalities about cancer as the generator of this syndrome, then analyzing the characteristics of cachexia at the biochemical and metabolic levels in both the tumor and the patient, and finally discussing current therapeutic approaches to treating cancer-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de CancerologíaMexico
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35
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May glutamine addiction drive the delivery of antitumor cisplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrugs? J Inorg Biochem 2016; 167:27-35. [PMID: 27898344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A small series of Pt(IV) prodrugs containing Gln-like (Gln=glutamine) axial ligands has been designed with the aim to take advantage of the increased demand of Gln showed by some cancer cells (glutamine addiction). In complex 4 the Gln, linked through the α-carboxylic group is recognized by the Gln transporters, in particular by the solute carrier transporter SLC1A5. All compounds showed cellular accumulation, as well as antiproliferative activity, related to their lipophilicity, as already demonstrated for the majority of Pt(IV) prodrugs, that enter cells mainly by passive diffusion. On the contrary, when the Gln concentration in cell medium is near or lower to the physiological value, complex 4 acts as a Trojan horse: it enters SLC1A5-overexpressing cells, where, upon reduction, it releases the active metabolite cisplatin and the Gln-containing ligand, thus preventing any possible extrusion by the L-type amino acid transporter LAT1. This selective mechanism could decrease off-target accumulation of 4 and, consequently, Pt-associated side-effects.
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36
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Leippe D, Sobol M, Vidugiris G, Cali JJ, Vidugiriene J. Bioluminescent Assays for Glucose and Glutamine Metabolism: High-Throughput Screening for Changes in Extracellular and Intracellular Metabolites. SLAS DISCOVERY 2016; 22:366-377. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057116675612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is a complex, dynamic network of regulated pathways. Interrogation of this network would benefit from rapid, sensitive techniques that are adaptable to high-throughput formats, facilitating novel compound screening. This requires assays that have minimal sample preparation and are adaptable to lower-volume 384-well formats and automation. Here we describe bioluminescent glucose, lactate, glutamine, and glutamate detection assays that are well suited for high-throughput analysis of two major metabolic pathways in cancer cells: glycolysis and glutaminolysis. The sensitivity (1–5 pmol/sample), broad linear range (0.1–100 µM), and wide dynamic range (>100-fold) are advantageous for measuring both extracellular and intracellular metabolites. Importantly, the assays incorporate rapid inactivation of endogenous enzymes, eliminating deproteinization steps required by other methods. Using ovarian cancer cell lines as a model system, the assays were used to monitor changes in glucose and glutamine consumption and lactate and glutamate secretion over time. Homogeneous formats of the lactate and glutamate assays were robust (Z′ = 0.6–0.9) and could be multiplexed with a real-time viability assay to generate internally controlled data. Screening a small-compound library with these assays resulted in the identification of both inhibitors and activators of lactate and glutamate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Leippe
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary Sobol
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - James J. Cali
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
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Hudson CD, Savadelis A, Nagaraj AB, Joseph P, Avril S, DiFeo A, Avril N. Altered glutamine metabolism in platinum resistant ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:41637-41649. [PMID: 27191653 PMCID: PMC5173084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by an increase in cellular energy metabolism, which is predominantly satisfied by glucose and glutamine. Targeting metabolic pathways is an attractive approach to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and to potentially overcome drug resistance in ovarian cancer. In platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines the metabolism of both, glucose and glutamine was initially up-regulated in response to platinum treatment. In contrast, platinum-resistant cells revealed a significant dependency on the presence of glutamine, with an upregulated expression of glutamine transporter ASCT2 and glutaminase. This resulted in a higher oxygen consumption rate compared to platinum-sensitive cell lines reflecting the increased dependency of glutamine utilization through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The important role of glutamine metabolism was confirmed by stable overexpression of glutaminase, which conferred platinum resistance. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of glutaminase in platinum resistant cells resulted in re-sensitization to platinum treatment. Importantly, combining the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES with platinum synergistically inhibited platinum sensitive and resistant ovarian cancers in vitro. Apoptotic induction was significantly increased using platinum together with BPTES compared to either treatment alone. Our findings suggest that targeting glutamine metabolism together with platinum based chemotherapy offers a potential treatment strategy particularly in drug resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle D. Hudson
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alyssa Savadelis
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anil Belur Nagaraj
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Norbert Avril
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Shestov AA, Lee SC, Nath K, Guo L, Nelson DS, Roman JC, Leeper DB, Wasik MA, Blair IA, Glickson JD. (13)C MRS and LC-MS Flux Analysis of Tumor Intermediary Metabolism. Front Oncol 2016; 6:135. [PMID: 27379200 PMCID: PMC4908130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first validated metabolic network model for analysis of flux through key pathways of tumor intermediary metabolism, including glycolysis, the oxidative and non-oxidative arms of the pentose pyrophosphate shunt, the TCA cycle as well as its anaplerotic pathways, pyruvate-malate shuttling, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation. The model that is called Bonded Cumomer Analysis for application to (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C MRS) data and Fragmented Cumomer Analysis for mass spectrometric data is a refined and efficient form of isotopomer analysis that can readily be expanded to incorporate glycogen, phospholipid, and other pathways thereby encompassing all the key pathways of tumor intermediary metabolism. Validation was achieved by demonstrating agreement of experimental measurements of the metabolic rates of oxygen consumption, glucose consumption, lactate production, and glutamate pool size with independent measurements of these parameters in cultured human DB-1 melanoma cells. These cumomer models have been applied to studies of DB-1 melanoma and DLCL2 human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells in culture and as xenografts in nude mice at 9.4 T. The latter studies demonstrate the potential translation of these methods to in situ studies of human tumor metabolism by MRS with stable (13)C isotopically labeled substrates on instruments operating at high magnetic fields (≥7 T). The melanoma studies indicate that this tumor line obtains 51% of its ATP by mitochondrial metabolism and 49% by glycolytic metabolism under both euglycemic (5 mM glucose) and hyperglycemic conditions (26 mM glucose). While a high level of glutamine uptake is detected corresponding to ~50% of TCA cycle flux under hyperglycemic conditions, and ~100% of TCA cycle flux under euglycemic conditions, glutaminolysis flux and its contributions to ATP synthesis were very small. Studies of human lymphoma cells demonstrated that inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling produced changes in flux through the glycolytic, pentose shunt, and TCA cycle pathways that were evident within 8 h of treatment and increased at 24 and 48 h. Lactate was demonstrated to be a suitable biomarker of mTOR inhibition that could readily be monitored by (1)H MRS and perhaps also by FDG-PET and hyperpolarized (13)C MRS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Shestov
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - David S Nelson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Jeffrey C Roman
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liao KM, Chao TB, Tian YF, Lin CY, Lee SW, Chuang HY, Chan TC, Chen TJ, Hsing CH, Sheu MJ, Li CF. Overexpression of the PSAT1 Gene in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is an Indicator of Poor Prognosis. J Cancer 2016; 7:1088-94. [PMID: 27326252 PMCID: PMC4911876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in southern China and Southeast Asia, but risk stratification and treatment outcome in NPC patients remain suboptimal. Our study identified and validated metabolic drivers that are relevant to the pathogenesis of NPC using a published transcriptome. Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) is an enzyme that is involved in serine biosynthesis, and its overexpression is associated with colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, its expression has not been systemically evaluated in patients with NPC. Materials and Methods: We evaluated two public transcriptomes of NPC tissues and benign nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial tissues that deposited in the NIH Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE34574 and GSE12452. We also performed immunohistochemical staining and assessment of PSAT1 in a total of 124 NPC patients received radiotherapy and were regularly followed-up until death or loss. The endpoints analyzed were local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Results: We retrospectively evaluated 124 patients with NPC and found that high PSAT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of NPC and indicator of advanced tumor stage. High PSAT1 expression also correlated with an aggressive clinical course, with significantly shorter DSS (HR= 2.856, 95% CI 1.599 to 5.101), DMFS (HR= 3.305, 95% CI 1.720 to 6.347), LRFS (HR= 2.834, 95% CI 1.376 to 5.835), and OS HR= 2.935, 95% CI 1.646-5.234) in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Our study showed that PSAT1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and higher expression of PSAT1 is associated with a poor prognosis in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ming Liao
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Bo Chao
- 2. Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.; 3. Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- 4. Division of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; 5. Department of Health and NutritionChia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; 7. Department of Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- 8. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ying Chuang
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- 9. Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- 9. Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- 10. Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Sheu
- 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- 9. Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; 11. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; 12. Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; 13. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pantel AR, Mankoff DA. Molecular imaging to guide systemic cancer therapy: Illustrative examples of PET imaging cancer biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2016; 387:25-31. [PMID: 27195912 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging agents have the ability to non-invasively visualize, characterize, and quantify the molecular biology of disease. Recent advances in nuclear probe development, particularly in PET radiotracers, have generated many new imaging agents with precise molecular targets. With such specificity, PET probes may be utilized as biomarkers to objectively interrogate and evaluate pathology. Whereas the current indications for PET imaging are predominately confined to staging and restaging of malignancy, the utility of PET greatly expands when utilized as a biomarker, the topic of this review. As an imaging biomarker, PET may be used to (1) measure target expression to select subsets of patients who would most benefit from targeted therapy; (2) measure early treatment response to predict therapeutic efficacy; and (3) relate tumor response to survival. This review will discuss the application of radiotracers to targeted cancer therapy. Particular attention is given to new radiotracers evaluated in recently completed clinical trials and those with current or potential clinical utility. The diverse roles of PET in clinical trails for drug development are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 116 Donner Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 116 Donner Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
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41
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Challapalli A, Aboagye EO. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Cell Metabolism and Application to Therapy Response Monitoring. Front Oncol 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 26973812 PMCID: PMC4770188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells do reprogram their energy metabolism to enable several functions, such as generation of biomass including membrane biosynthesis, and overcoming bioenergetic and redox stress. In this article, we review both established and evolving radioprobes developed in association with positron emission tomography (PET) to detect tumor cell metabolism and effect of treatment. Measurement of enhanced tumor cell glycolysis using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose is well established in the clinic. Analogs of choline, including [(11)C]choline and various fluorinated derivatives are being tested in several cancer types clinically with PET. In addition to these, there is an evolving array of metabolic tracers for measuring intracellular transport of glutamine and other amino acids or for measuring glycogenesis, as well as probes used as surrogates for fatty acid synthesis or precursors for fatty acid oxidation. In addition to providing us with opportunities for examining the complex regulation of reprogramed energy metabolism in living subjects, the PET methods open up opportunities for monitoring pharmacological activity of new therapies that directly or indirectly inhibit tumor cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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42
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Zhao H, Yang L, Baddour J, Achreja A, Bernard V, Moss T, Marini JC, Tudawe T, Seviour EG, San Lucas FA, Alvarez H, Gupta S, Maiti SN, Cooper L, Peehl D, Ram PT, Maitra A, Nagrath D. Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism. eLife 2016; 5:e10250. [PMID: 26920219 PMCID: PMC4841778 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of tumor microenvironment in most solid cancers. Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and much of the published literature has focused on neoplastic cell-autonomous processes for these adaptations. We demonstrate that exosomes secreted by patient-derived CAFs can strikingly reprogram the metabolic machinery following their uptake by cancer cells. We find that CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby increasing glycolysis and glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation in cancer cells. Through 13C-labeled isotope labeling experiments we elucidate that exosomes supply amino acids to nutrient-deprived cancer cells in a mechanism similar to macropinocytosis, albeit without the previously described dependence on oncogenic-Kras signaling. Using intra-exosomal metabolomics, we provide compelling evidence that CDEs contain intact metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and TCA-cycle intermediates that are avidly utilized by cancer cells for central carbon metabolism and promoting tumor growth under nutrient deprivation or nutrient stressed conditions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10250.001 Cancer cells behave differently from healthy cells in many ways. Healthy cells rely on structures called mitochondria to provide them with energy via a process that requires oxygen. However cancer cells don’t rely on this process, and instead release energy by breaking down sugars outside of the mitochondria. This may explain why cancer cells are able to thrive even when little oxygen is available. Cancer cells also interact with neighboring cells called fibroblasts, which are a major part of a tumor’s microenvironment, and recruit them into the tumors. The fibroblasts communicate with cancer cells, in part, by releasing chemical messengers packaged into tiny bubble-like structures called exosomes. Recent studies have suggested that these exosomes may help cancer cells to thrive, but there are many questions remaining about how they might do this. Now, Zhao et al. show that the fibroblasts smuggle essential nutrients to cancer cells via the exosomes and disable oxygen-based energy production in cancer cells. First, exosomes released by cancer-associated fibroblasts from people with prostate cancer were collected and marked with a green dye. Next, the green-labeled exosomes were mixed with prostate cancer cells, and shown to be absorbed by the cells. Oxygen-based energy release was dramatically reduced in the exosome-absorbing cells, and sugar-based energy release increased. Next, Zhao et al examined the contents of the exosomes, and found that they contain the building blocks of proteins, fats, and other important molecules. Next, the experiments revealed that both prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer cells deprived of nutrients can use these smuggled resources to continue to grow. Importantly, this process did not involve the protein Kras, which previous studies had show helps cancer cells absorb nutrients. These findings suggest that preventing exosomes from smuggling resources to starving cancer cells might be an effective strategy to treat cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10250.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhao
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Tyler Moss
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | | | - Thavisha Tudawe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Elena G Seviour
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | - F Anthony San Lucas
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Hector Alvarez
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Sourindra N Maiti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Laurence Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Donna Peehl
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
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Abstract
The field of metabolism research has made a dramatic resurgence in recent years, fueled by a newfound appreciation of the interactions between metabolites and phenotype. Metabolic substrates and their products can be biomarkers of a wide range of pathologies, including cancer, but our understanding of their in vivo interactions and pathways has been hindered by the robustness of noninvasive imaging approaches. The past 3 decades have been flushed with the development of new techniques for the study of metabolism in vivo. These methods include nuclear-based, predominantly positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, many of which have been translated to the clinic. The purpose of this review was to introduce both long-standing imaging strategies as well as novel approaches to the study of perturbed metabolic pathways in the setting of carcinogenesis. This will involve descriptions of nuclear probes labeled with C and F as well C for study using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging. Highlighting both advantages and disadvantages of each approach, the aim of this summary was to provide the reader with a framework for interrogation of metabolic aberrations in their system of interest.
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44
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Shestov AA, Mancuso A, Lee SC, Guo L, Nelson DS, Roman JC, Henry PG, Leeper DB, Blair IA, Glickson JD. Bonded Cumomer Analysis of Human Melanoma Metabolism Monitored by 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Perfused Tumor Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5157-71. [PMID: 26703469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A network model for the determination of tumor metabolic fluxes from (13)C NMR kinetic isotopomer data has been developed and validated with perfused human DB-1 melanoma cells carrying the BRAF V600E mutation, which promotes oxidative metabolism. The model generated in the bonded cumomer formalism describes key pathways of tumor intermediary metabolism and yields dynamic curves for positional isotopic enrichment and spin-spin multiplets. Cells attached to microcarrier beads were perfused with 26 mm [1,6-(13)C2]glucose under normoxic conditions at 37 °C and monitored by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Excellent agreement between model-predicted and experimentally measured values of the rates of oxygen and glucose consumption, lactate production, and glutamate pool size validated the model. ATP production by glycolytic and oxidative metabolism were compared under hyperglycemic normoxic conditions; 51% of the energy came from oxidative phosphorylation and 49% came from glycolysis. Even though the rate of glutamine uptake was ∼ 50% of the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, the rate of ATP production from glutamine was essentially zero (no glutaminolysis). De novo fatty acid production was ∼ 6% of the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway flux was 3.6% of glycolysis, and three non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway exchange fluxes were calculated. Mass spectrometry was then used to compare fluxes through various pathways under hyperglycemic (26 mm) and euglycemic (5 mm) conditions. Under euglycemic conditions glutamine uptake doubled, but ATP production from glutamine did not significantly change. A new parameter measuring the Warburg effect (the ratio of lactate production flux to pyruvate influx through the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier) was calculated to be 21, close to upper limit of oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Mancuso
- Department of Radiology and Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Lili Guo
- Systems Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David S Nelson
- From the Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Jeffrey C Roman
- From the Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Ian A Blair
- Systems Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- From the Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
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45
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Cara CJ, Skropeta D. Glycosylation and functionalization of native amino acids with azido uronic acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Chaumeil MM, Lupo JM, Ronen SM. Magnetic Resonance (MR) Metabolic Imaging in Glioma. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:769-80. [PMID: 26526945 PMCID: PMC8029127 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on describing the use of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for metabolic imaging of brain tumors. We will first review the MR metabolic imaging findings generated from preclinical models, focusing primarily on in vivo studies, and will then describe the use of metabolic imaging in the clinical setting. We will address relatively well-established (1) H MRS approaches, as well as (31) P MRS, (13) C MRS and emerging hyperpolarized (13) C MRS methodologies, and will describe the use of metabolic imaging for understanding the basic biology of glioma as well as for improving the characterization and monitoring of brain tumors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingMission Bay Campus
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingMission Bay Campus
- Brain Tumor Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
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47
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Charalampakis N, Xiao L, Elimova E, Wadhwa R, Shiozaki H, Shimodaira Y, Blum MA, Planjery V, Rogers JE, Matamoros A, Sagebiel T, Das P, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Estrella JS, Badgwell BD, Ajani JA. Initial Standardized Uptake Value of Positron Emission Tomography Influences the Prognosis of Patients with Localized Gastric Adenocarcinoma Treated Preoperatively. Oncology 2015; 89:305-10. [PMID: 26393501 DOI: 10.1159/000436972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma (LGAC) who receive preoperative therapy, tools to predict response or prognosticate outcome before therapy are lacking. We used initial standardized uptake value (iSUV) of positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate its association with overall survival (OS). METHODS We identified 60 patients with confirmed LGAC who were treated with preoperative chemoradiation and had a baseline PET in addition to other routine staging. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's rank sum test were used to determine the association between iSUV and other variables, and the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. RESULTS The median iSUV was 6 (range, 0-28). The presence of signet ring cells in pretreatment biopsies correlated highly with low iSUV (≤ 6; p = 0.0017). Patients with a high iSUV (> 6) had a longer OS compared to those with a low iSUV (≤ 6; p = 0.0344). iSUV was not an independent predictor (p = 0.12); however, the risk of death was reduced for patients with an iSUV > 6 (hazard ratio = 0.26). CONCLUSION Our novel findings show that among LGAC patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation and surgery, those with a high iSUV have longer OS than patients with a low iSUV. iSUV appears to have a predictive role in patients with LGAC when treated with preoperative chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Charalampakis
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex., USA
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McCracken AN, Edinger AL. Targeting cancer metabolism at the plasma membrane by limiting amino acid access through SLC6A14. Biochem J 2015; 470:e17-9. [PMID: 26341486 PMCID: PMC4613721 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cancer cells increase flux through anabolic pathways to build the mass necessary to support cell division. Imported amino acids and glucose lie at the apex of the anabolic pyramid. Consistent with this, elevated expression of nutrient transporter proteins is characteristic of aggressive and highly malignant cancers. Because tumour cells are more dependent than their normal neighbours on accelerated nutrient import, these up-regulated transporters could be excellent targets for selective anti-cancer therapies. A study by Babu et al. in a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal definitively shows that SLC6A14 (where SLC is solute carrier) is one such cancer-specific amino acid transporter. Although mice completely lacking SLC6A14 are viable and exhibit normal mammary gland development, these animals are highly resistant to mammary tumour initiation and progression driven by potent oncogenes. Because SLC6A14 is essential for tumour growth yet dispensable for normal development and tissue maintenance, small molecules that block amino acid import through this transporter could be effective and selective anti-cancer agents, particularly as components of rational drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N McCracken
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, U.S.A
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, U.S.A.
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Li HJ, Li X, Pang H, Pan JJ, Xie XJ, Chen W. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 promotes glutamine metabolism by targeting miR-16 in human bladder cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:1055-63. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Antonov A, Agostini M, Morello M, Minieri M, Melino G, Amelio I. Bioinformatics analysis of the serine and glycine pathway in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11004-13. [PMID: 25436979 PMCID: PMC4294344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and glycine are amino acids that provide the essential precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Employing 3 subsequent enzymes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis can be converted in serine, which in turn can by converted in glycine by serine methyl transferase (SHMT). Besides proving precursors for macromolecules, serine/glycine biosynthesis is also required for the maintenance of cellular redox state. Therefore, this metabolic pathway has a pivotal role in proliferating cells, including cancer cells. In the last few years an emerging literature provides genetic and functional evidences that hyperactivation of serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway drives tumorigenesis. Here, we extend these observations performing a bioinformatics analysis using public cancer datasets. Our analysis highlighted the relevance of PHGDH and SHMT2 expression as prognostic factor for breast cancer, revealing a substantial ability of these enzymes to predict patient survival outcome. However analyzing patient datasets of lung cancer our analysis reveled that some other enzymes of the pathways, rather than PHGDH, might be associated to prognosis. Although these observations require further investigations they might suggest a selective requirement of some enzymes in specific cancer types, recommending more cautions in the development of novel translational opportunities and biomarker identification of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Morello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy. Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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