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DeBay DR, Brewer KD. Combined PET/MR: Where Anatomical Imaging Meets Cellular Function. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:391-408. [PMID: 38006508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in medical imaging have allowed for both sequential and simultaneous acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) data. Simultaneous PET/MRI offers distinct advantages by efficiently capturing functional and metabolic processes with co-localized, high-resolution anatomical images while minimizing time and movement. We will describe some of the technical and logistic requirements for optimizing sequential and simultaneous PET/MRI in the preclinical research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R DeBay
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), Halifax, Canada
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kimberly D Brewer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
- Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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2
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Whittington B, Dweck MR, van Beek EJR, Newby D, Williams MC. PET-MRI of Coronary Artery Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1301-1311. [PMID: 36524452 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) combines the anatomical detail and tissue characterization of MRI with the functional information from PET. Within the coronary arteries, this hybrid technique can be used to identify biological activity combined with anatomically high-risk plaque features to better understand the processes underlying coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downstream effects of coronary artery disease on the myocardium can be characterized by providing information on myocardial perfusion, viability, and function. This review will describe the current capabilities of PET-MRI in coronary artery disease and discuss the limitations and future directions of this emerging technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Whittington
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle C Williams
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Learned Primal Dual Reconstruction for PET. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7120248. [PMID: 34940715 PMCID: PMC8707496 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7120248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have adapted, implemented and trained the Learned Primal Dual algorithm suggested by Adler and Öktem and evaluated its performance in reconstructing projection data from our PET scanner. Learned Primal Dual reconstructions are compared to Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximisation (MLEM) reconstructions. Different strategies for training are also compared. Whenever the noise level of the data to reconstruct is sufficiently represented in the training set, the Learned Primal Dual algorithm performs well on the recovery of the activity concentrations and on noise reduction as compared to MLEM. The algorithm is also shown to be robust against the appearance of artefacts, even when the images that are to be reconstructed present features were not present in the training set. Once trained, the algorithm reconstructs images in few seconds or less.
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4
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Application of Miniature FBG-MEMS Pressure Sensor in Penetration Process of Jacked Pile. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090876. [PMID: 32967090 PMCID: PMC7570314 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the penetration mechanism of jacked piles in viscous soil foundation, the stress variation law of the pile–soil interface was obtained by installing silicon piezoresistive earth pressure and pore water pressure sensors, and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in a model pile body, and the penetration characteristics of jacked piles in homogeneous viscous soil were defined. The test results show that: Fiber Bragg grating and silicon piezoresistive sensing technology can better meet the requirements of testing the characteristics of jacked pile in viscous soil. The ratio of pile lateral resistance to pile end resistance varies when pile is jacked in homogeneous viscous soil. In the early stage of pile jacking, the ratio of pile lateral resistance is small, and in the later stage of pile jacking, the ratio of pile lateral resistance increases, but the ratio of pile end resistance is still higher than that of pile lateral resistance. The ratio of the effective stress to the total radial stress is high, and the variation law of the two is consistent with the depth. The total radial stress, pore water pressure, and effective radial stress all exhibit the degradation phenomenon, and the degradation degree decreases gradually with the increase in penetration depth at the same depth. The ratio of excess pore water pressure to overburden weight decreases with the increase in depth, and the maximum value is 87%. The research results can provide a reference for the engineering practice of jacked pile in viscous soil foundation.
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Kiss DS, Toth I, Jocsak G, Barany Z, Bartha T, Frenyo LV, Horvath TL, Zsarnovszky A. Functional Aspects of Hypothalamic Asymmetry. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060389. [PMID: 32575391 PMCID: PMC7349050 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomically, the brain is a symmetric structure. However, growing evidence suggests that certain higher brain functions are regulated by only one of the otherwise duplicated (and symmetric) brain halves. Hemispheric specialization correlates with phylogeny supporting intellectual evolution by providing an ergonomic way of brain processing. The more complex the task, the higher are the benefits of the functional lateralization (all higher functions show some degree of lateralized task sharing). Functional asymmetry has been broadly studied in several brain areas with mirrored halves, such as the telencephalon, hippocampus, etc. Despite its paired structure, the hypothalamus has been generally considered as a functionally unpaired unit, nonetheless the regulation of a vast number of strongly interrelated homeostatic processes are attributed to this relatively small brain region. In this review, we collected all available knowledge supporting the hypothesis that a functional lateralization of the hypothalamus exists. We collected and discussed findings from previous studies that have demonstrated lateralized hypothalamic control of the reproductive functions and energy expenditure. Also, sporadic data claims the existence of a partial functional asymmetry in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, body temperature and circulatory functions. This hitherto neglected data highlights the likely high-level ergonomics provided by such functional asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sandor Kiss
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1478-4247 or +36-1478-8406
| | - Istvan Toth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Gergely Jocsak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Zoltan Barany
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Tibor Bartha
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Laszlo V. Frenyo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Health, Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.L.H.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Attila Zsarnovszky
- Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Health, Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.L.H.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Wang B, Kreuger R, Huizenga J, Beekman FJ, Goorden MC. Experimental Validation of a Gamma Detector With a Novel Light-Guide-PMT Geometry to Reduce Dead Edge Effects. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2916386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Kazakauskaitė E, Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė D, Rumbinaitė E, Keršulis J, Kulakienė I, Jurkevičius R. Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Coronary Artery Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:medicina54030047. [PMID: 30344278 PMCID: PMC6122121 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are encouraging precise non-invasive imaging modalities that allow imaging of the cellular function of the heart, while other non-invasive cardiovascular imaging modalities are considered to be techniques for imaging the anatomy, morphology, structure, function and tissue characteristics. The role of cardiac PET has been growing rapidly and providing high diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease (CAD). Clinical cardiology has established PET as a criterion for the assessment of myocardial viability and is recommended for the proper management of reduced left ventricle (LV) function and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hybrid PET/CT imaging has enabled simultaneous integration of the coronary anatomy with myocardial perfusion and metabolism and has improved characterization of dysfunctional areas in chronic CAD. Also, the availability of quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) evaluation with various PET perfusion tracers provides additional prognostic information and enhances the diagnostic performance of nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Kazakauskaitė
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
| | - Eglė Rumbinaitė
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
| | - Justas Keršulis
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
| | - Ilona Kulakienė
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
| | - Renaldas Jurkevičius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania.
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9
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Novel light-guide-PMT geometries to reduce dead edges of a scintillation camera. Phys Med 2018; 48:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Giannopoulos AA, Gaemperli O. Hybrid Imaging in Ischemic Heart Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:382-390. [PMID: 29329818 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid imaging for ischemic heart disease refers to the fusion of information from a single or usually from multiple cardiovascular imaging modalities enabling synergistic assessment of the presence, the extent, and the severity of coronary atherosclerotic disease along with the hemodynamic significance of lesions and/or with evaluation of the myocardial function. A combination of coronary computed tomography angiography with myocardial perfusion imaging, such as single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, has been adopted in several centers and implemented in international coronary artery disease management guidelines. Interest has increased in novel hybrid methods including coronary computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve and computed tomography perfusion and these techniques hold promise for the imminent diagnostic and management approaches of patients with coronary artery disease. In this review, we discuss the currently available hybrid noninvasive imaging modalities used in clinical practice, research approaches, and exciting potential future technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Giannopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gaemperli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Goertzen AL, Shrestha R, Khan MS, Stortz G, Bishop D, Kozlowski P, Retiere F, Thiessen JD, Thompson CJ, Sossi V. Data Acquisition for a Preclinical MR Compatible PET Insert Using the OpenPET Platform. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2017.2747407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Robson PM, Dey D, Newby DE, Berman D, Li D, Fayad ZA, Dweck MR. MR/PET Imaging of the Cardiovascular System. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:1165-1179. [PMID: 28982570 PMCID: PMC6415529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has largely focused on identifying structural, functional, and metabolic changes in the heart. The ability to reliably assess disease activity would have major potential clinical advantages, including the identification of early disease, differentiating active from stable conditions, and monitoring disease progression or response to therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging now allows such assessments of disease activity to be acquired in the heart, whereas magnetic resonance (MR) scanning provides detailed anatomic imaging and tissue characterization. Hybrid MR/PET scanners therefore combine the strengths of 2 already powerful imaging modalities. Simultaneous acquisition of the 2 scans also provides added benefits, including improved scanning efficiency, motion correction, and partial volume correction. Radiation exposure is lower than with hybrid PET/computed tomography scanning, which might be particularly beneficial in younger patients who may need repeated scans. The present review discusses the expanding clinical literature investigating MR/PET imaging, highlights its advantages and limitations, and explores future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Robson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Berman
- Departments of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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