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Yoshikawa T, Endo K, Moriyama-Kita M, Ueno T, Nakanishi Y, Dochi H, Uno D, Kondo S, Yoshizaki T. Association of 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with the expression of metabolism-related molecules in papillary thyroid cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:696-702. [PMID: 38733874 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) is a diagnostic imaging method that is based on the Warburg effect, which is the increased uptake of glucose through aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. The diagnostic value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for thyroid cancer is controversial. However, uptake of 18F-FDG and the corresponding maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is expected to reflect the metabolic status of cancer cells. In the present study, we sought to determine the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor metabolism- associated factors. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. In the present study, SUVmax was compared with the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) in 41 patients with thyroid cancer. RESULTS GLS1 expression was found to be moderately correlated with SUVmax (p < 0.001, r = 0.51), whereas HK2 and VEGF expression were weakly correlated (p = 0.011, r = 0.28, p = 0.008, r = 0.29, respectively) and GLUT1 did not correlate with SUVmax (p = 0.62, r = 0.06). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest 18F-FDG PET/CT reflects GLS1 expression in thyroid cancer and could be used to select suitable candidates for GLS1 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yoshikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Makiko Moriyama-Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Dochi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Huang J, Bai L, Shi D, Jiang W, Chen P, Dong Y, Zhang X, Peng J, Hou J, Lu Y, Huang X, Tang G, Huang S. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-c- DVAP: A Novel PET Probe for Imaging GRP78 in Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2425-2434. [PMID: 38554143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
GRP78, a member of the HSP70 superfamily, is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein overexpressed in various cancers, making it a promising target for cancer imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offers unique advantages in real time, noninvasive tumor imaging, rendering it a suitable tool for targeting GRP78 in tumor imaging to guide targeted therapy. Several studies have reported successful tumor imaging using PET probes targeting GRP78. However, existing PET probes face challenges such as low tumor uptake, inadequate in vivo distribution, and high abdominal background signal. Therefore, this study introduces a novel peptide PET probe, [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP, for targeted tumor imaging of GRP78. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP was radiolabeled with fluoride-18 using the aluminum-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) method. The study assessed the partition coefficients, stability in vitro, and metabolic stability of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP. Micro-PET imaging, pharmacokinetic analysis, and biodistribution studies were carried out in tumor-bearing mice to evaluate the probe's performance. Docking studies and pharmacokinetic analyses of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP were also performed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to confirm GRP78 expression in tumor tissues. The probe's binding affinity to GRP78 was analyzed by molecular docking simulation. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP was radiolabeled in just 25 min with a high yield of 51 ± 16%, a radiochemical purity of 99%, and molar activity within the range of 20-50 GBq/μmol. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP demonstrated high stability in vitro and in vivo, with a logD value of -3.41 ± 0.03. Dynamic PET imaging of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP in tumors showed rapid uptake and sustained retention, with minimal background uptake. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid blood clearance and excretion through the kidneys following a single-compartment reversible metabolic model. In PET imaging, the T/M ratios for A549 tumors (high GRP78 expression), MDA-MB-231 tumors (medium expression), and HepG2 tumors (low expression) at 60 min postintravenous injection were 10.48 ± 1.39, 6.25 ± 0.47, and 3.15 ± 1.15% ID/g, respectively, indicating a positive correlation with GRP78 expression. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP as a PET tracer for imaging GRP78 in tumors. The probe shows promising results in terms of stability, specificity, and tumor targeting. Further research may explore the clinical utility and potential therapeutic applications of this PET tracer for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, P. R. China
| | - Ye Dong
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6 V4, Canada
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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3
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Pantel AR, Bae SW, Li EJ, O'Brien SR, Manning HC. PET Imaging of Metabolism, Perfusion, and Hypoxia: FDG and Beyond. Cancer J 2024; 30:159-169. [PMID: 38753750 PMCID: PMC11101148 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Imaging glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has transformed the diagnostic and treatment algorithms of numerous malignancies in clinical practice. The cancer phenotype, though, extends beyond dysregulation of this single pathway. Reprogramming of other pathways of metabolism, as well as altered perfusion and hypoxia, also typifies malignancy. These features provide other opportunities for imaging that have been developed and advanced into humans. In this review, we discuss imaging metabolism, perfusion, and hypoxia in cancer, focusing on the underlying biology to provide context. We conclude by highlighting the ability to image multiple facets of biology to better characterize cancer and guide targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Seong-Woo Bae
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth J Li
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sophia R O'Brien
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Li C, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang L, Liang Y, Wu Z. Evaluation of (2S,4S)-4-[ 18F]FEBGln as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5195-5205. [PMID: 37647563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism-related tracers have the potential to visualize numerous tumors because glutamine is the second largest source of energy for tumors. (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was designed by introducing [18F]fluoroethoxy benzyl on carbon-4 of glutamine. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and tumor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging characteristics of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln in detail. The biodistribution results of nude mice bearing MCF-7 tumor showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln had high initial tumor uptake, and a fast clearance rate, resulting in a high tumor-to-muscle ratio at 30 min postinjection. There was no obvious defluorination in vivo. The micro-PET-CT imaging results of (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln orthotopic MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice were consistent with the biological distribution results. Compared with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln showed poor tumor retention, but its clearance in normal tissues was also fast, so it had better PET image contrast than the former. Unlike poor retention in MCF-7-bearing nude mice, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has good retention in NCI-h1975 and 22Rv1 tumor models. Since (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln has low uptake in normal lungs and high uptake in the bladder, it is expected to be used in the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer but cannot accurately determine prostate cancer. Consistent with the advantages of radiolabeled amino acids in the application of brain tumors, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln accurately diagnoses U87MG glioma with higher contrast than [18F]FET and [18F]FDG, and there is a correlation between (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln uptake and tumor growth cycle. Further kinetic model analysis showed that (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln was similar to (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, conforming to the one-compartment model and the Logan graphical model, and was expected to assess the size of the glutamine pool of the tumor. Therefore, (2S,4S)-4-[18F]FEBGln is expected to provide a strong imaging basis for the diagnosis, formulation of personalized plans, and efficacy evaluation of glioma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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5
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Zhou R, Choi H, Cao J, Pantel A, Gupta M, Lee HS, Mankoff D. 18F-Fluciclovine PET Imaging of Glutaminase Inhibition in Breast Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:131-136. [PMID: 35772960 PMCID: PMC9841257 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) avidly metabolize glutamine as a feature of their malignant phenotype. The conversion of glutamine to glutamate by the glutaminase enzyme represents the first and rate-limiting step of this pathway and a target for drug development. Indeed, a novel glutaminase inhibitor (GLSi) has been developed and tested in clinical trials but with limited success, suggesting the potential for a biomarker to select patients who could benefit from this novel therapy. Here, we studied a nonmetabolized amino acid analog, 18F-fluciclovine, as a PET imaging biomarker for detecting the pharmacodynamic response to GLSi. Methods: Uptake of 18F-fluciclovine into human breast cancer cells was studied in the presence and absence of inhibitors of glutamine transporters and GLSi. To allow 18F-fluciclovine PET to be performed on mice, citrate in the tracer formulation is replaced by phosphate-buffered saline. Mice bearing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts (HCC38, HCC1806, and MBA-MD-231) and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer xenografts (MCF-7) were imaged with dynamic PET at baseline and after a 2-d treatment of GLSi (CB839) or vehicle. Kinetic analysis suggested reversible uptake of the tracer, and the distribution volume (VD) of 18F-fluciclovine was estimated by Logan plot analysis. Results: Our data showed that cellular uptake of 18F-fluciclovine is mediated by glutamine transporters. A significant increase in VD was observed after CB839 treatment in TNBC models exhibiting high glutaminase activity (HCC38 and HCC1806) but not in TNBC or MCF-7 exhibiting low glutaminase. Changes in VD were corroborated with changes in GLS activity measured in tumors treated with CB839 versus vehicle, as well as with changes in VD of 18F-(2S,R4)-fluoroglutamine, which we previously validated as a measure of cellular glutamine pool size. A moderate, albeit significant, decrease in 18F-FDG PET signal was observed in HCC1806 tumors after CB839 treatment. Conclusion: 18F-fluciclovine PET has potential to serve as a clinically translatable pharmacodynamic biomarker of GLSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Raimondi V, Toscani D, Marchica V, Burroughs-Garcia J, Storti P, Giuliani N. Metabolic features of myeloma cells in the context of bone microenvironment: Implication for the pathophysiology and clinic of myeloma bone disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015402. [PMID: 36313705 PMCID: PMC9608343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) into the bone marrow (BM). The complex interaction between the BM microenvironment and MM PCs can lead to severe impairment of bone remodeling. Indeed, the BM microenvironment exerts a critical role in the survival of malignant PCs. Growing evidence indicates that MM cells have several metabolic features including enhanced glycolysis and an increase in lactate production through the upregulation of glucose transporters and enzymes. More recently, it has been reported that MM cells arehighly glutamine addicted. Interestingly, these metabolic changes in MM cells may affect BM microenvironment cells by altering the differentiation process of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stromal cells. The identification of glutamine metabolism alterations in MM cells and bone microenvironment may provide a rationale to design new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools. The osteolytic lesions are the most frequent clinical features in MM patients, often characterized by pathological fractures and acute pain. The use of the newer imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and combined Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computerized Tomography (CT) has been introduced into clinical practice to better define the skeletal involvement. Currently, the PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the diagnostic gold standard to detect active MM bone disease due to the high glycolytic activity of MM cells. However, new tracers are actively under investigation because a portion of MM patients remains negative at the skeletal level by 18F-FDG. In this review, we will summarize the existing knowledge on the metabolic alterations of MM cells considering their impact on the BM microenvironment cells and particularly in the subsequent formation of osteolytic bone lesions. Based on this, we will discuss the identification of possible new druggable targets and the use of novel metabolic targets for PET imaging in the detection of skeletal lesions, in the staging and treatment response of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Raimondi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Storti, ; Nicola Giuliani,
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology, “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma”, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Storti, ; Nicola Giuliani,
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7
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[18F]-(2S,4R)4-Fluoroglutamine PET Imaging of Glutamine Metabolism in Murine Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:5185951. [PMID: 35967756 PMCID: PMC9351703 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5185951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Quantitative in vivo [18F]-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([18F]4-FGln or more simply [18F]FGln) metabolic kinetic parameters are compared with activity levels of glutamine metabolism in different types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods For this study, we used two transgenic mouse models of HCC induced by protooncogenes, MYC, and MET. Biochemical data have shown that tumors induced by MYC have increased levels of glutamine metabolism compared to those induced by MET. One-hour dynamic [18F]FGln PET data were acquired and reconstructed for fasted MYC mice (n = 11 tumors from 7 animals), fasted MET mice (n = 8 tumors from 6 animals), fasted FVBN controls (n = 8 normal liver regions from 6 animals), nonfasted MYC mice (n = 16 tumors from 6 animals), and nonfasted FVBN controls (n = 8 normal liver regions from 3 animals). The influx rate constants (K1) using the one-tissue compartment model were derived for each tumor with the left ventricular blood pool input function. Results Influx rate constants were significantly higher for MYC tumors (K1 = 0.374 ± 0.133) than for MET tumors (K1 = 0.141 ± 0.058) under fasting conditions (P = 0.0002). Rate constants were also significantly lower for MET tumors (K1 = 0.141 ± 0.135) than normal livers (K1 = 0.332 ± 0.179) under fasting conditions (P = 0.0123). Fasting conditions tested for MYC tumors and normal livers did not result in any significant difference with P values > 0.005. Conclusion Higher influx rate constants corresponded to elevated levels of glutamine metabolism as determined by biochemical assays. The data showed that there is a distinctive difference in glutamine metabolism between MYC and MET tumors. Our study has demonstrated the potential of [18F]FGln PET imaging as a tool to assess glutamine metabolism in HCC tumors in vivo with a caution that it may not be able to clearly distinguish HCC tumors from normal liver tissue.
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8
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DeBerardinis RJ, Keshari KR. Metabolic analysis as a driver for discovery, diagnosis, and therapy. Cell 2022; 185:2678-2689. [PMID: 35839759 PMCID: PMC9469798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic anomalies contribute to tissue dysfunction. Current metabolism research spans from organelles to populations, and new technologies can accommodate investigation across these scales. Here, we review recent advancements in metabolic analysis, including small-scale metabolomics techniques amenable to organelles and rare cell types, functional screening to explore how cells respond to metabolic stress, and imaging approaches to non-invasively assess metabolic perturbations in diseases. We discuss how metabolomics provides an informative phenotypic dimension that complements genomic analysis in Mendelian and non-Mendelian disorders. We also outline pressing challenges and how addressing them may further clarify the biochemical basis of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Edmonds CE, O'Brien SR, Mankoff DA, Pantel AR. Novel applications of molecular imaging to guide breast cancer therapy. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:31. [PMID: 35729608 PMCID: PMC9210593 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of precision oncology are to provide targeted drug therapy based on each individual’s specific tumor biology, and to enable the prediction and early assessment of treatment response to allow treatment modification when necessary. Thus, precision oncology aims to maximize treatment success while minimizing the side effects of inadequate or suboptimal therapies. Molecular imaging, through noninvasive assessment of clinically relevant tumor biomarkers across the entire disease burden, has the potential to revolutionize clinical oncology, including breast oncology. In this article, we review breast cancer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers for providing early response assessment and predicting treatment outcomes. For 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), a marker of cellular glucose metabolism that is well established for staging multiple types of malignancies including breast cancer, we highlight novel applications for early response assessment. We then review current and future applications of novel PET biomarkers for imaging the steroid receptors, including the estrogen and progesterone receptors, the HER2 receptor, cellular proliferation, and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sophia R O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University if Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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10
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Hyperpolarized [5- 13C,4,4- 2H 2,5- 15N]-L-glutamine provides a means of annotating in vivo metabolic utilization of glutamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120595119. [PMID: 35512101 PMCID: PMC9172133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120595119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in human plasma, although it is challenging to determine glutamine’s metabolic fate noninvasively. In this work, we utilize established chemical methods to develop a platform for imaging glutamine metabolism using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging. Using this strategy, we are able to spatially measure glutaminolysis in vivo as well as develop a biomarker for the inhibition of glutaminase. Combining this biomarker with isotope tracing metabolomics connects this inhibition to reduced glutamine contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This provides an approach for future imaging of glutamine metabolism in humans. Glutamine is consumed by rapidly proliferating cells and can provide the carbon and nitrogen required for growth through various metabolic pathways. However, delineating the metabolic fate of glutamine is challenging to interrogate in vivo. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, by providing high transient nuclear magnetic resonance signals, provides an approach to measure fast biochemical processes in vivo. Aminohydrolysis of glutamine at carbon-5 plays an important role in providing nitrogen and carbon for multiple pathways. Here, we provide a synthetic strategy for isotope-enriched forms of glutamine that prolongs glutamine-C5 relaxation times and thereby reveals in vivo reactions involving carbon-5. We investigate multiple enrichment states, finding [5-13C,4,4-2H2,5-15N]-L-glutamine to be optimal for hyperpolarized measurement of glutamine conversion to glutamate in vivo. Leveraging this compound, we explore pancreatic cancer glutamine metabolism in vivo. Taken together, this work provides a means for studying glutamine metabolic flux in vivo and demonstrates on-target effects of metabolic enzyme inhibitors.
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Palani S, Miner MWG, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Örd T, Ravindran A, Kaikkonen MU, Knuuti J, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploiting Glutamine Consumption in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Positron Emission Tomography Tracer (2S,4R)-4-18F-Fluoroglutamine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821423. [PMID: 35145523 PMCID: PMC8822173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glutamine metabolism by macrophages is associated with development of atherosclerotic lesions. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with a glutamine analog (2S,4R)-4-18F-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) allows quantification of glutamine consumption in vivo. Here, we investigated uptake of 18F-FGln by atherosclerotic lesions in mice and compared the results with those obtained using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Uptake of 18F-FGln and 18F-FDG by healthy control mice (C57BL/6JRj) and atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) was investigated. The mice were injected intravenously with 18F-FGln or 18F-FDG for in vivo PET/CT imaging. After sacrifice at 70 minutes post-injection, tracer uptake was analyzed by gamma counting of excised tissues and by autoradiography of aorta cryosections, together with histological and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that myocardial uptake of 18F-FGln was low. PET/CT detected lesions in the aortic arch, with a target-to-background ratio (SUVmax, aortic arch/SUVmean, blood) of 1.95 ± 0.42 (mean ± standard deviation). Gamma counting revealed that aortic uptake of 18F-FGln by LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice (standardized uptake value [SUV], 0.35 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than that by healthy controls (0.20 ± 0.08, P = 0.03). More detailed analysis by autoradiography revealed that the plaque-to-healthy vessel wall ratio of 18F-FGln (2.90 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (1.93 ± 0.22, P = 0.004). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that 18F-FGln uptake in plaques co-localized with glutamine transporter SLC7A7-positive macrophages. Collectively these data show that the 18F-FGln PET tracer detects inflamed atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, exploiting glutamine consumption using 18F-FGln PET may have translational relevance for studying atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
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12
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Young AJ, Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Dominguez TL, Makvandi M, Lee H, Li S, Schubert EK, Pryma DA, Farwell MD, Mach RH, Simpkins F, Lin LL, Mankoff DA, Doot RK. Kinetic and Static Analysis of Poly-(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase-1-Targeted 18F-Fluorthanatrace PET Images of Ovarian Cancer. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:44-50. [PMID: 33863820 PMCID: PMC8717190 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins participates in numerous functions, most notably the DNA damage response. Cancer vulnerability to DNA damage has led to development of several PARP inhibitors (PARPi). This class of drugs has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers, but with variable response. Consequently, clinics need to select patients likely to benefit from these targeted therapies. In vivo imaging of 18F-fluorthanatrace uptake has been shown to correspond to PARP-1 expression in tissue. This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of 18F-fluorthanatrace and tested kinetic and static models to guide metric selection in future studies assessing 18F-fluorthanatrace as a biomarker of response to PARPi therapy. Methods: Fourteen prospectively enrolled ovarian cancer patients were injected with 18F-fluorthanatrace and imaged dynamically for 60 min after injection followed by up to 2 whole-body scans, with venous blood activity and metabolite measurements. SUVmax and SUVpeak were extracted from dynamic images and whole-body scans. Kinetic parameter estimates and SUVs were assessed for correlations with tissue PARP-1 immunofluorescence (n = 7). Simulations of population kinetic parameters enabled estimation of measurement bias and precision in parameter estimates. Results:18F-fluorthanatrace blood clearance was variable, but labeled metabolite profiles were similar across patients, supporting use of a population parent fraction curve. The total distribution volume from a reversible 2-tissue-compartment model and Logan reference tissue distribution volume ratio (DVR) from the first hour of PET acquisition correlated with tumor PARP-1 expression by immunofluorescence (r = 0.76 and 0.83, respectively; P < 0.05). DVR bias and precision estimates were 6.4% and 29.1%, respectively. SUVmax and SUVpeak acquired from images with midpoints of 57.5, 110 ± 3, and 199 ± 4 min highly correlated with PARP-1 expression (mean ± SD, r ≥ 0.79; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tumor SUVmax and SUVpeak at 55-60 min after injection and later and DVR from at least 60 min appear to be robust noninvasive measures of PARP-1 binding. 18F-fluorthanatrace uptake in ovarian cancer was best described by models of reversible binding. However, pharmacokinetic patterns of tracer uptake were somewhat variable, especially at later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Young
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany L Dominguez
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin K Schubert
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Division of Gynecology and Oncology, Department of OBGYN, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lilie L Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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13
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Cohen AS, Grudzinski J, Smith GT, Peterson TE, Whisenant JG, Hickman TL, Ciombor KK, Cardin D, Eng C, Goff LW, Das S, Coffey RJ, Berlin JD, Manning HC. First-in-Human PET Imaging and Estimated Radiation Dosimetry of l-[5- 11C]-Glutamine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:36-43. [PMID: 33931465 PMCID: PMC8717201 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. In addition to glucose, glutamine is an important nutrient for cellular growth and proliferation. Noninvasive imaging via PET may help facilitate precision treatment of cancer through patient selection and monitoring of treatment response. l-[5-11C]-glutamine (11C-glutamine) is a PET tracer designed to study glutamine uptake and metabolism. The aim of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the radiologic safety and biodistribution of 11C-glutamine for oncologic PET imaging. Methods: Nine patients with confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer underwent PET/CT imaging. Patients received 337.97 ± 44.08 MBq of 11C-glutamine. Dynamic PET acquisitions that were centered over the abdomen or thorax were initiated simultaneously with intravenous tracer administration. After the dynamic acquisition, a whole-body PET/CT scan was acquired. Volume-of-interest analyses were performed to obtain estimates of organ-based absorbed doses of radiation. Results:11C-glutamine was well tolerated in all patients, with no observed safety concerns. The organs with the highest radiation exposure included the bladder, pancreas, and liver. The estimated effective dose was 4.46E-03 ± 7.67E-04 mSv/MBq. Accumulation of 11C-glutamine was elevated and visualized in lung, brain, bone, and liver metastases, suggesting utility for cancer imaging. Conclusion: PET using 11C-glutamine appears safe for human use and allows noninvasive visualization of metastatic colon cancer lesions in multiple organs. Further studies are needed to elucidate its potential for other cancers and for monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Cohen
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Gary T Smith
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Section Chief, Nuclear Medicine, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd E Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Tiffany L Hickman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kristen K Ciombor
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dana Cardin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Laura W Goff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Satya Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jordan D Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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14
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Valtorta S, Toscani D, Chiu M, Sartori A, Coliva A, Brevi A, Taurino G, Grioni M, Ruffini L, Vacondio F, Zanardi F, Bellone M, Moresco RM, Bussolati O, Giuliani N. [ 18F](2 S,4 R)-4-Fluoroglutamine as a New Positron Emission Tomography Tracer in Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760732. [PMID: 34712616 PMCID: PMC8546185 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high glycolytic activity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells is the rationale for use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) to detect both bone marrow (BM) and extramedullary disease. However, new tracers are actively searched because [18F]FDG-PET has some limitations and there is a portion of MM patients who are negative. Glutamine (Gln) addiction has been recently described as a typical metabolic feature of MM cells. Yet, the possible exploitation of Gln as a PET tracer in MM has never been assessed so far and is investigated in this study in preclinical models. Firstly, we have synthesized enantiopure (2S,4R)-4-fluoroglutamine (4-FGln) and validated it as a Gln transport analogue in human MM cell lines, comparing its uptake with that of 3H-labelled Gln. We then radiosynthesized [18F]4-FGln, tested its uptake in two different in vivo murine MM models, and checked the effect of Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor currently used in the treatment of MM. Both [18F]4-FGln and [18F]FDG clearly identified the spleen as site of MM cell colonization in C57BL/6 mice, challenged with syngeneic Vk12598 cells and assessed by PET. NOD.SCID mice, subcutaneously injected with human MM JJN3 cells, showed high values of both [18F]4-FGln and [18F]FDG uptake. Bortezomib significantly reduced the uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals in comparison with vehicle at post treatment PET. However, a reduction of glutaminolytic, but not of glycolytic, tumor volume was evident in mice showing the highest response to Bortezomib. Our data indicate that [18F](2S,4R)-4-FGln is a new PET tracer in preclinical MM models, yielding a rationale to design studies in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Livia Ruffini
- Nuclear Medicine, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
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15
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Miner MWG, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Helin S, Eskola O, Elo P, Teuho J, Seppälä K, Oikonen V, Yang G, Kindler-Röhrborn A, Minn H, Li XG, Roivainen A. Comparison of: (2 S,4 R)-4-[ 18F]Fluoroglutamine, [ 11C]Methionine, and 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18F]Fluoro- D-Glucose and Two Small-Animal PET/CT Systems Imaging Rat Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730358. [PMID: 34692505 PMCID: PMC8530378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The three positron emission tomography (PET) imaging compounds: (2S,4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln), L-[methyl-11C]Methionine ([11C]Met), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) were investigated to contrast their ability to image orthotopic BT4C gliomas in BDIX rats. Two separate small animal imaging systems were compared for their tumor detection potential. Dynamic acquisition of [18F]FGln was evaluated with multiple pharmacokinetic models for future quantitative comparison. Procedures Up to four imaging studies were performed on each orthotopically grafted BT4C glioma-bearing BDIX rat subject (n = 16) on four consecutive days. First, a DOTAREM® contrast enhanced MRI followed by attenuation correction CT and dynamic PET imaging with each radiopharmaceutical (20 min [11C]Met, 60 min [18F]FDG, and 60 min [18F]FGln with either the Molecubes PET/CT (n = 5) or Inveon PET/CT cameras (n = 11). Ex vivo brain autoradiography was completed for each radiopharmaceutical and [18F]FGln pharmacokinetics were studied by injecting 40 MBq into healthy BDIX rats (n = 10) and collecting blood samples between 5 and 60 min. Erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding and plasma parent-fraction were combined to estimate the total blood bioavailability of [18F]FGln over time. The corrected PET-image blood data was then applied to multiple pharmacokinetic models. Results Average BT4C tumor-to-healthy brain tissue uptake ratios (TBR) for PET images reached maxima of: [18F]FGln TBR: 1.99 ± 0.19 (n = 13), [18F]FDG TBR: 1.41 ± 0.11 (n = 6), and [11C]Met TBR: 1.08 ± 0.08, (n = 12) for the dynamic PET images. Pharmacokinetic modeling in dynamic [18F]FGln studies suggested both reversible and irreversible uptake play a similar role. Imaging with Inveon and Molecubes yielded similar end-result ratios with insignificant differences (p > 0.25). Conclusions In orthotopic BT4C gliomas, [18F]FGln may offer improved imaging versus [11C]Met and [18F]FDG. No significant difference in normalized end-result data was found between the Inveon and Molecubes camera systems. Kinetic modelling of [18F]FGln uptake suggests that both reversible and irreversible uptake play an important role in BDIX rat pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guangli Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Kindler-Röhrborn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heikki Minn
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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