1
|
Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong Y, Liu L, Li M, Xie D, Zhao J, Wang S, You C, Li Y. Insulin can up-regulate LC-PUFA biosynthesis with the involvement of Srebp-1c and stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1) in marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Gene X 2022; 840:146755. [PMID: 35905852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus is the first marine teleost found to have the biosynthetic ability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 precursors catalyzed by fatty acyl desaturases (Δ6/Δ5 Fads, Δ4 Fads) and elongases of very long chain fatty acids (Elovls). Previously, we predicted the existence of insulin (INS) response elements (IREs) including nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) and sterol regulatory element (SRE) in the core promoter region of rabbitfish Δ6/Δ5 fads and Δ4 fads. To clarify the potential regulatory effect and mechanism of INS in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, INS responding region was identified at -456 bp to + 51 bp of Δ6/Δ5 fads core promoter, but not in Δ4 fads promoter. Moreover, a unique stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1) element was predicted in the INS responding region of Δ6/Δ5 fads. Subsequently, SRE, NF-Y and Sp1 elements were proved as IREs in Δ6/Δ5 fads promoter. The up-regulation of INS on gene expression of Srebp-1c, Sp1, Δ6/Δ5 fads and elovl5 as well as the LC-PUFA biosynthesis was further demonstrated in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells, but no influence was detected on Δ4 fads. Besides, inhibitors of transcription factors Srebp-1c (Fatostatin, PF-429242) and Sp1 (Mithramycin) could inhibit the gene expression of Srebp-1c, Δ6/Δ5 fads and elovl5, and abolish the up-regulation of INS on these genes' expression and LC-PUFA biosynthesis. These results indicated that INS could up-regulate LC-PUFA biosynthesis with the involvement of Srebp-1c and Sp1 in rabbitfish S. canaliculatus, which is the first report in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Dong
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Chen C, Dong Y, Cheng Y, You C, Wang S, Ma H, Li Y. Insulin activates LC-PUFA biosynthesis of hepatocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Srebp1 pathway in teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110734. [PMID: 35321854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is well known an important metabolic regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism. It has been proved to activate long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in mammals, but little is known about such a role in fish. To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of insulin in fish LC-PUFA biosynthesis, we treated the rabbitfish S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells with 65 nM insulin for 12 h, and the results showed that the mRNA levels of genes encoding the key enzymes and transcription factor involved in rabbitfish LC-PUFA biosynthesis such as Δ6Δ5 fads2, elovl5 and srebp1, as well as those of PI3K pathway genes including pdk1, akt2 and mtor increased significantly. Moreover, SCHL cells treated with different PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors (LY294002, Wortmannin, AKTi-1/2) alone or combined with insulin decreased the mRNA levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR downstream signaling genes, including Δ6Δ5 fads2, Δ4 fads2, elovl5, elovl4 and srebp1. While PI3K/Akt agonists (740 Y-P, IGF-1, SC-79) had the opposite results. The results of fatty acid composition analysis of hepatocytes showed that insulin stimulation increased the Δ6Δ5 Fads2-dependent PUFA desaturation indexes, while Elovl5-dependent PUFA elongation indexes had upward trends, and consequently LC-PUFA contents increased. Taken together, these results indicated that insulin activated LC-PUFA biosynthesis probably through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Srebp1 pathway in S. canaliculatus hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cuiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Shao Y, Zong X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Shi H. FADS1 overexpression promotes fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation via inhibiting the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway in goat mammary epithelial cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:5870-5882. [PMID: 35548952 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Delta-5 desaturase (D5D), encoded by the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene, is a rate-limiting enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis that influences the PUFA levels in milk fat. However, the function and molecular mechanism of FADS1 in milk fat metabolism remain largely unknown. The FADS1 overexpression increased the triglyceride content, lipid droplet size, and expression of genes related to fatty acid de novo synthesis (SREBP1 and ACC), intracellular fatty acid transporters (FABP3 and FABP4) and triacylglycerol synthesis gene (DGAT2). It also significantly promoted the SREBP1 nuclear translocation by inhibiting the AMPK activation. In addition, FADS1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase. These findings reveal a novel FADS1-AMPK-SREBP1 pathway regulating milk fat production in the goat mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuexin Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xueyang Zong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Huawen Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aydin Cil M, Ghosi Ghareaghaji A, Bayir Y, Buyuktuncer Z, Besler HT. Efficacy of krill oil versus fish oil on obesity-related parameters and lipid gene expression in rats: randomized controlled study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12009. [PMID: 34692241 PMCID: PMC8483003 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround This study aimed to determine the effects of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and to compare the efficiency of different LC n-3 PUFA sources via biochemical and genetic mechanisms in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomized into four study groups, and fed with a standard diet, High Fat Diet (HFD), HFD+%2.5 Fish Oil (FO-HFD) or HFD+%2.5 Krill Oil (KO-HFD) for eight weeks. Food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose, insulin, ghrelin and leptin concentrations, lipid profile, liver fatty acid composition, and FADS1 and FADS2 mRNA gene expression levels were measured. Results Weight gain in each HFD group was significantly higher than control group (p < 0.001), without any differences among them (p < 0.05). LC n-3 PUFAs modified lipid profile, but not glucose tolerance. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in HFD groups than in the control group, however, no difference in serum ghrelin levels was observed among the groups. Liver n-3 fatty acid desaturation activity was higher (p = 0.74), and liver total lipid content was lower (p = 0.86) in KO-HFD compared to FO-HFD. FADS1 gene expression was highest in the HFD group (p < 0.001) while FADS2 gene expression was highest in the FO-HFD group (p < 0.001). Conclusion LC n-3 PUFAs, especially krill oil, had moderate effects on lipid profile, but limited effects on obesity related parameters, suggesting different effects of different sources on gene expression levels. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of different LC n-3 PUFA sources in the prevention and treatment of obesity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mevra Aydin Cil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atena Ghosi Ghareaghaji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ratter JM, van Heck JIP, Rooijackers HMM, Jansen HJ, van Poppel PCM, Tack CJ, Stienstra R. Insulin acutely activates metabolism of primary human monocytes and promotes a proinflammatory phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:885-891. [PMID: 33477205 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0120-019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is a metabolic trait of activated innate immune cells and supports functional changes including cytokine production. Insulin drives glycolysis in nonimmune cells, yet its metabolic effects on human innate immune cells remain unexplored. Potential effects of insulin on immune cell metabolism may occur acutely after a postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels or as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin levels as observed in obese insulin-resistant individuals and patients with diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic exposure to insulin on metabolism and function of primary human monocytes. Insulin acutely activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in monocytes and increased both oxygen consumption and glycolytic rates. Functionally, acute exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced IL-6 secretion and reactive oxygen species production. To model chronically elevated insulin levels in patients with diabetes, we exposed monocytes from healthy individuals for 24 h to insulin. Although we did not find any changes in expression of metabolic genes that are regulated by insulin in non-immune cells, chronic exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced TNFα production and enhanced MCP-1-directed migration. Supporting this observation, we identified a positive correlation between plasma insulin levels and macrophage numbers in adipose tissue of overweight individuals. Altogether, insulin acutely activates metabolism of human monocytes and induces a shift toward a more proinflammatory phenotype, which may contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ratter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia I P van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne M M Rooijackers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pleun C M van Poppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morandi A, Piona C, Bonafini S, Marigliano M, Tomasselli F, Tagetti A, Marcon D, Costantini S, Fava C, Maffeis C. Long chain fatty acids metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:297-305. [PMID: 33500106 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolizing enzymes have been associated with several cardiometabolic outcomes. Whether they correlate with cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D), it is unknown. We investigated whether erythrocyte FAs correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and dietary fats in youth with T1D. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 154 adolescents with T1D (aged 17.3 ± 2 years, 82 boys) and assessed blood pressure, plasma lipids, HbA1c, estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS) and dietary fats based on a 3-days weighed dietary record. Erythrocyte FAs were measured by gas chromatography and desaturase and elongase activities were estimated as product/precursor ratios. Delta-6-desaturase (D6D) activity correlated inversely with eIS (r = -0.32,p = 6.6∗10-5) and directly with triglycerides (r = 0.24, p = 0.003), adjusted for z-BMI, age and gender. No single erythrocyte FA correlated with eIS. Erythrocyte membrane stearic acid (SA) correlated with HbA1c adjusted for confounders and eIS (r = -0.26, p = 0.002). We found some weak (r ≤ 0.20) correlations between erythrocyte membrane FAs and dietary fats, which were not retained by correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION In youth with T1D, D6D activity might exert unfavorable effects per se, beyond its role on FAs composition. This is in accordance with previous data associating D6D activity/D6D-enhancing polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and incident type 2 diabetes, as well as D6D activity with the regulation of cellular red-ox balance. SA was a favorable marker of glycemic control. Future research is needed to clarify the biological pathways linking D6D and SA with the cardiometabolic health of youth with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Piona
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Bonafini
- Department of Medicine, General Medicine & Hypertension Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Marigliano
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tomasselli
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Tagetti
- Department of Medicine, General Medicine & Hypertension Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Denise Marcon
- Department of Medicine, General Medicine & Hypertension Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Costantini
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, General Medicine & Hypertension Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disoders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ogundipe E, Samuelson S, Crawford MA. Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32999269 PMCID: PMC7528007 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate whether women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a unique fatty acid profile compared to women considered normal healthy controls (NHC). Methods Three hundred pregnant women were randomized to a control group (NHC) (n = 50) and to one of three high risk groups (n = 250), one of which was GDM (n = 50). At recruitment participants’ booking bloods were taken and analyzed for lipid profiles. The GDM group’s fatty acid profile is reported here. Results GDM women compared to NHC had elevated levels of omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids compared to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (p = 0.01), of linoleic acid (LA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) p = 0.001, sequentially distorted levels of n-6 fatty acids LA and arachidonic acid (ArA) p = 0.035, as well as significantly depressed levels of n-3 DHA (p = 0.01). Conclusion This paper shows that GDM women have a unique fatty acid profile with elevated levels of n-6 fats, depressed levels of n-3 fats and an abnormal pattern of sequential n-6 metabolism. This profile probably results from a combination of factors including underexpression and or poor utilization of desaturase enzymes, suboptimal dietary fatty acids intake, poor micronutrient status or dysbiosis of the microbiome. These results help inform development of a clinical predictive tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enitan Ogundipe
- Neonatal Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Saidee Samuelson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 3rd Floor, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Lipid Biochemistry), Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 3rd Floor, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weir NL, Nomura SO, Steffen BT, Guan W, Karger AB, Klein R, Klein BEK, Cotch MF, Tsai MY. Associations between omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia and incident diabetes by race/ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3031-3041. [PMID: 32008872 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to relate to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but influence of race/ethnicity has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether omega-6 PUFAs, and estimated desaturase enzyme activity, are associated with fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and incident T2D, and whether associations differ by race/ethnicity. METHODS This study was conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (N = 6282). Associations between baseline plasma phospholipid fatty acids (LA, Linoleic Acid; GLA, γ-linoleic acid; DGLA, Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; D5D, delta-5 desaturase; D6D, delta-6 desaturase), fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR [(fasting insulin - fasting glucose)/22.5] were evaluated using linear regression. Associations between omega-6 PUFAs (N = 5508 after excluding diabetics at baseline) and T2D incidence were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Analyses were replicated/stratified by race/ethnicity (White, Black, Chinese, Hispanic) and tests for interaction were assessed by inclusion of a cross-product term in models. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, insulin and HOMA-IR were positively associated with LA (insulin: 0.213 per SD, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: 0.252 per SD, p < 0.001), GLA (insulin: 0.010 per SD, p < 0.001; HOMA-IR: 0.006 per SD, p < 0.001), DGLA (insulin: 0.279 per SD, p < 0.001; HOMA-IR: 0.175 per SD, p < 0.001) and D6D activity (insulin: 0.001 per SD, p < 0.001; HOMA-IR: 0.006 per SD, p < 0.001), and inversely associated with AA (insulin -0.272 per SD, p < 0.001; HOMA-IR: -0.125 per SD, p = 0.03) and D5D activity (insulin: -0.530 per SD, p < 0.001; HOMA-IR: -0.322 per SD, p < 0.001), while weak or no associations were observed with fasting glucose, and associations appeared to differ by race/ethnicity. After accounting for HOMA-IR at baseline, LA was inversely (HR: 0.87, p = 0.003) and DGLA (HR: 1.17, p < 0.001) and AA (HR: 1.15, p = 0.001) were positively associated with T2D in the overall population, but associations were attenuated or no longer present when stratified by race/ethnicity (P-interaction >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results confirm previous reports that omega-6 PUFAs are associated with hyperinsulinemia. Findings suggest omega-6 PUFAs are more likely markers of hyperinsulinemia rather than a protective/risk factor for T2D and indicate racial/ethnic differences in associations, but further research is needed to confirm findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Weir
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah O Nomura
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian T Steffen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- National Eye Institute (NEI), Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Wiercioch M, Łukomska A, Tarnowski M, Drozd A, Barczak K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Sodium Orthovanadate Changes Fatty Acid Composition and Increased Expression of Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:152-161. [PMID: 30927246 PMCID: PMC6914714 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds are promising antidiabetic agents. In addition to regulating glucose metabolism, they also alter lipid metabolism. Due to the clear association between diabetes and atherosclerosis, the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of sodium orthovanadate on the amount of individual fatty acids and the expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD or Δ9-desaturase), Δ5-desaturase, and Δ6-desaturase in macrophages. THP-1 macrophages differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were incubated in vitro for 48 h with 1 μM or 10 μM sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4). The estimation of fatty acid composition was performed by gas chromatography. Expressions of the genes SCD, fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) were tested by qRT-PCR. Sodium orthovanadate in THP-1 macrophages increased the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, as well as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. Sodium orthovanadate caused an upregulation of SCD expression. Sodium orthovanadate at the given concentrations did not affect the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In conclusion, sodium orthovanadate changed SFA and MUFA composition in THP-1 macrophages and increased expression of SCD. Sodium orthovanadate did not affect the amount of any PUFA. This was associated with a lack of influence on the expression of FADS1 and FADS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Wiercioch
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeffery L, Fisk HL, Calder PC, Filer A, Raza K, Buckley CD, McInnes I, Taylor PC, Fisher BA. Plasma Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Are Associated with Anti-TNF Responsiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inhibit the Etanercept-driven Rise in Th17 Cell Differentiation in Vitro. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:748-756. [PMID: 28202745 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether levels of plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with response to antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and whether this putative effect may have its basis in altering anti-TNF-driven Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS Plasma was collected at baseline and after 3 months of anti-TNF treatment in 22 patients with established RA, and fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) component was measured. CD4+CD25- T cells and monocytes were purified from the blood of healthy donors and cocultured in the presence of anti-CD3, with or without etanercept (ETN), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or the control fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA). Expression of interleukin 17 and interferon-γ was measured by intracellular staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma PC EPA levels and the EPA/arachidonic acid ratio correlated inversely with change in the Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) at 3 months (-0.51, p = 0.007 and -0.48, p = 0.01, respectively), indicating that higher plasma EPA was associated with a greater reduction in DAS28. Plasma PC EPA was positively associated with European League Against Rheumatism response (p = 0.02). An increase in Th17 cells post-therapy has been associated with nonresponse to anti-TNF. ETN increased Th17 frequencies in vitro. Physiological concentrations of EPA, but not LA, prevented this. CONCLUSION EPA status was associated with clinical improvements to anti-TNF therapy in vivo and prevented the effect of ETN on Th17 cells in vitro. EPA supplementation might be a simple way to improve anti-TNF outcomes in patients with RA by suppressing Th17 frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Jeffery
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Helena L Fisk
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Philip C Calder
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Andrew Filer
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Karim Raza
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Iain McInnes
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Peter C Taylor
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- From the Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; University of Southampton, Southampton; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,L. Jeffery, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; H.L. Fisk, BSc, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; P.C. Calder, PhD, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Southampton; A. Filer, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; K. Raza, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; C.D. Buckley, PhD, Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham; I. McInnes, PhD, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow; P.C. Taylor, PhD, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford; B.A. Fisher, MD(Res), Rheumatology Research Group and Arthritis Research UK RACE, University of Birmingham.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Acne vulgaris, an epidemic inflammatory skin disease of adolescence, is closely related to Western diet. Three major food classes that promote acne are: 1) hyperglycemic carbohydrates, 2) milk and dairy products, 3) saturated fats including trans-fats and deficient ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Diet-induced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)-signaling is superimposed on elevated IGF-1 levels during puberty, thereby unmasking the impact of aberrant nutrigenomics on sebaceous gland homeostasis. Western diet provides abundant branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine, and palmitic acid. Insulin and IGF-1 suppress the activity of the metabolic transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). Insulin, IGF-1, BCAAs, glutamine, and palmitate activate the nutrient-sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the key regulator of anabolism and lipogenesis. FoxO1 is a negative coregulator of androgen receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor-α, and sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), crucial transcription factors of sebaceous lipogenesis. mTORC1 stimulates the expression of PPARγ and SREBP-1c, promoting sebum production. SREBP-1c upregulates stearoyl-CoA- and Δ6-desaturase, enhancing the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in sebum triglycerides. Diet-mediated aberrations in sebum quantity (hyperseborrhea) and composition (dysseborrhea) promote Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth and biofilm formation with overexpression of the virulence factor triglyceride lipase increasing follicular levels of free palmitate and oleate. Free palmitate functions as a "danger signal," stimulating toll-like receptor-2-mediated inflammasome activation with interleukin-1β release, Th17 differentiation, and interleukin-17-mediated keratinocyte proliferation. Oleate stimulates P. acnes adhesion, keratinocyte proliferation, and comedogenesis via interleukin-1α release. Thus, diet-induced metabolomic alterations promote the visible sebofollicular inflammasomopathy acne vulgaris. Nutrition therapy of acne has to increase FoxO1 and to attenuate mTORC1/SREBP-1c signaling. Patients should balance total calorie uptake and restrict refined carbohydrates, milk, dairy protein supplements, saturated fats, and trans-fats. A paleolithic-like diet enriched in vegetables and fish is recommended. Plant-derived mTORC1 inhibitors and ω-3-PUFAs are promising dietary supplements supporting nutrition therapy of acne vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that manifests clinically as a slow global decline in cognitive function, including deterioration of memory, reasoning, abstraction, language and emotional stability, culminating in a patient with end-stage disease, totally dependent on custodial care. With a global ageing population, it is predicted that there will be a marked increase in the number of people diagnosed with AD in the coming decades, making this a significant challenge to socio-economic policy and aged care. Global estimates put a direct cost for treating and caring for people with dementia at $US604 billion, an estimate that is expected to increase markedly. According to recent global statistics, there are 35.6 million dementia sufferers, the number of which is predicted to double every 20 years, unless strategies are implemented to reduce this burden. Currently, there is no cure for AD; while current therapies may temporarily ameliorate symptoms, death usually occurs approximately 8 years after diagnosis. A greater understanding of AD pathophysiology is paramount, and attention is now being directed to the discovery of biomarkers that may not only facilitate pre-symptomatic diagnosis, but also provide an insight into aberrant biochemical pathways that may reveal potential therapeutic targets, including nutritional ones. AD pathogenesis develops over many years before clinical symptoms appear, providing the opportunity to develop therapy that could slow or stop disease progression well before any clinical manifestation develops.
Collapse
|
14
|
Haug A, Nyquist NF, Thomassen M, Høstmark AT, Ostbye TKK. N-3 fatty acid intake altered fat content and fatty acid distribution in chicken breast muscle, but did not influence mRNA expression of lipid-related enzymes. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:92. [PMID: 24894510 PMCID: PMC4061519 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conversions of the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid of plant origin to the C20 and C22 very long chain fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is regulated by several cellular enzymes such as elongases and desaturases. Methods Sixty-five male one-day old chickens (Ross 308) were randomly divided into four groups and given one of four diets; with or without linseed oil (LO), (the diets contained equal amounts of fat) and with low or high selenium (Se). Final body weight, amount of Se and fat in breast muscle, fatty acid profile, and gene expression for fatty acid desaturases (Fads1, Fads2, Fads9), HMG-CoA reductase, Acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox), carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 (Cpt1), superoxide dismutase (Sod) and glutathione peroxidase4 (Gpx4) were analyzed in all animals, and Gpx activity in whole blood was determined. Results mRNA expression of elongases and desaturases in chicken breast muscle was not affected by feed rich in C18:3n-3. The highly positive correlation between amount of fat in breast muscle and the product/precursor indices of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and the negative correlation between muscle fat and indices of LCPUFA synthesis should be further studied. Conclusion mRNA expression in chicken breast muscle of elongases and desaturases was not affected by feed rich in C18:3n-3. The highly positive correlation between amount of fat in breast muscle and the product/precursor indices of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and the negative correlation between muscle fat and indices of LCPUFA synthesis should be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haug
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P,O, BOX 5003, Ås 1432, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levant B, Ozias MK, Guilford BL, Wright DE. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes partially attenuates the effects of a high-fat diet on liver and brain fatty acid composition in mice. Lipids 2013; 48:939-48. [PMID: 23893338 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study addresses the effects of a high-fat diet on liver and brain fatty acid compositions and the interaction of that diet with diabetes in a type 1 mouse model. Adult, male, normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice were fed standard (14 % kcal from fat) or high-fat (54 % kcal from fat, hydrogenated vegetable shortening and corn oil) diets for 8 weeks. Liver and whole brain total phospholipid fatty acid compositions were then determined by TLC/GC. In the liver of non-diabetic mice, the high-fat diet increased the percentages of 18:1n-9, 20:4n-6, and 22:5n-6 and decreased 18:2n-6 and 22:6n-3. Diabetes increased 16:0 in liver, and decreased 18:1n-7 and 20:4n-6. The effects of the high-fat diet on liver phospholipids in diabetic mice were similar to those in non-diabetic mice, or were of smaller magnitude. In the brain, the high-fat diet increased 18:0 and 20:4n-6 of non-diabetic, but not diabetic mice. Brain 22:5n-6 acid was increased by the high-fat diet in both non-diabetic and diabetic mice, but this increase was smaller in diabetic mice. Diabetes alone did not alter the percentage of any individual fatty acid in brain. This indicates that the effects of a high-fat diet on liver and brain phospholipid fatty acid compositions are partially attenuated by concomitant hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Levant
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1018, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hardwick JP, Eckman K, Lee YK, Abdelmegeed MA, Esterle A, Chilian WM, Chiang JY, Song BJ. Eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 66:157-266. [PMID: 23433458 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic persistent inflammation plays a significant role in disease pathology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a constellation of diseases that include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with many of the MetS diseases. These metabolic derangements trigger a persistent inflammatory cascade, which includes production of lipid autacoids (eicosanoids) that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and subsequent expression of cytokines and chemokines that amplify the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the transcellular synthesis of antiinflammatory eicosanoids resolve inflammation, while persistent activation of the autacoid-cytokine-chemokine cascade in metabolic disease leads to chronic inflammation and accompanying tissue pathology. Many drugs targeting the eicosanoid pathways have been shown to be effective in the treatment of MetS, suggesting a common linkage between inflammation, MetS and drug metabolism. The cross-talk between inflammation and MetS seems apparent because of the growing evidence linking immune cell activation and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus modulation of lipid metabolism through either dietary adjustment or selective drugs may become a new paradigm in the treatment of metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms linking eicosanoid metabolism to persistent inflammation and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hodson L, Fielding BA. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase: rogue or innocent bystander? Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:15-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Weix J, Förger F, Häupl T, Surbek D, Østensen M, Villiger PM. Influence of pregnancy on the adipocytokine and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2095-103. [PMID: 22231457 DOI: 10.1002/art.34375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify candidate genes that are regulated by human pregnancy and have the potential to modulate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy pregnant volunteers were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChips at 4 time points (during the first, second, and third trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum). Based on the GeneChip data, target genes were further analyzed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using PBMCs from healthy controls and RA patients. In order to determine the cellular source of the candidate gene messenger RNA (mRNA), monocytes and lymphocytes from healthy controls and RA patients were positively selected using magnetic beads, and their mRNA was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance identified 1,286 mRNAs that were differentially expressed with regard to the 4 time points. The changes became more pronounced as pregnancy progressed, and they were reversed postpartum. A subsequent pathway analysis suggested a regulatory role of pregnancy on the adipocytokine pathway as well as on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Of 19 preselected candidate genes, AKT3, SOCS3, FADS2, STAT1, and CD36 proved to be differentially regulated by pregnancy. In samples from RA patients, the differences were concordant with those in healthy controls but more pronounced. Both T lymphocytes and monocytes contributed to the regulated expression of these genes. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that normal human pregnancy leads to changes in the expression of several molecular pathways in PBMCs, which are reversed postpartum. Changes in RA patients, although concordant, exceed the levels observed in healthy controls. Genes of the adipocytokine and PPAR signaling pathways qualify as candidates for the modulation of RA disease activity during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Weix
- University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|