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Blasweiler A, Megens HJ, Goldman MRG, Tadmor-Levi R, Lighten J, Groenen MAM, Dirks RP, Jansen HJ, Spaink HP, David L, Boudinot P, Wiegertjes GF. Symmetric expression of ohnologs encoding conserved antiviral responses in tetraploid common carp suggest absence of subgenome dominance after whole genome duplication. Genomics 2023; 115:110723. [PMID: 37804957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploids often experience subgenome dominance, with one subgenome showing higher levels of gene expression and greater gene retention. Here, we address the functionality of both subgenomes of allotetraploid common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by analysing a functional network of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) crucial in anti-viral immune defence. As an indicator of subgenome dominance we investigated retainment of a core set of ohnologous ISGs. To facilitate our functional genomic analysis a high quality genome was assembled (WagV4.0). Transcriptome data from an in vitro experiment mimicking a viral infection was used to infer ISG expression. Transcriptome analysis confirmed induction of 88 ISG ohnologs on both subgenomes. In both control and infected states, average expression of ISG ohnologs was comparable between the two subgenomes. Also, the highest expressing and most inducible gene copies of an ohnolog pair could be derived from either subgenome. We found no strong evidence of subgenome dominance for common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blasweiler
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
| | - H-J Megens
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - M R G Goldman
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - R Tadmor-Levi
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Lighten
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - M A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - R P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., the Netherlands
| | - H J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., the Netherlands
| | - H P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - L David
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - P Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - G F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
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2
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Ratter JM, van Heck JIP, Rooijackers HMM, Jansen HJ, van Poppel PCM, Tack CJ, Stienstra R. Insulin acutely activates metabolism of primary human monocytes and promotes a proinflammatory phenotype. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:885-891. [PMID: 33477205 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0120-019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is a metabolic trait of activated innate immune cells and supports functional changes including cytokine production. Insulin drives glycolysis in nonimmune cells, yet its metabolic effects on human innate immune cells remain unexplored. Potential effects of insulin on immune cell metabolism may occur acutely after a postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels or as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin levels as observed in obese insulin-resistant individuals and patients with diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic exposure to insulin on metabolism and function of primary human monocytes. Insulin acutely activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in monocytes and increased both oxygen consumption and glycolytic rates. Functionally, acute exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced IL-6 secretion and reactive oxygen species production. To model chronically elevated insulin levels in patients with diabetes, we exposed monocytes from healthy individuals for 24 h to insulin. Although we did not find any changes in expression of metabolic genes that are regulated by insulin in non-immune cells, chronic exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced TNFα production and enhanced MCP-1-directed migration. Supporting this observation, we identified a positive correlation between plasma insulin levels and macrophage numbers in adipose tissue of overweight individuals. Altogether, insulin acutely activates metabolism of human monocytes and induces a shift toward a more proinflammatory phenotype, which may contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ratter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia I P van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne M M Rooijackers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pleun C M van Poppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Voormolen DN, DeVries JH, Sanson RME, Heringa MP, de Valk HW, Kok M, van Loon AJ, Hoogenberg K, Bekedam DJ, Brouwer TCB, Porath M, Erdtsieck RJ, NijBijvank B, Kip H, van der Heijden OWH, Elving LD, Hermsen BB, Potter van Loon BJ, Rijnders RJP, Jansen HJ, Langenveld J, Akerboom BMC, Kiewiet RM, Naaktgeboren CA, Mol BWJ, Franx A, Evers IM. Continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS): A multicentre randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1894-1902. [PMID: 29603547 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetes is associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Optimal glycaemic control is fundamental and is traditionally monitored with self-measured glucose profiles and periodic HbA1c measurements. We investigated the effectiveness of additional use of retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic pregnancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a nationwide multicentre, open label, randomized, controlled trial to study pregnant women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who were undergoing insulin therapy at gestational age < 16 weeks, or women who were undergoing insulin treatment for gestational diabetes at gestational age < 30 weeks. Women were randomly allocated (1:1) to intermittent use of retrospective CGM or to standard treatment. Glycaemic control was assessed by CGM for 5-7 days every 6 weeks in the CGM group, while self-monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c measurements were applied in both groups. Primary outcome was macrosomia, defined as birth weight above the 90th percentile. Secondary outcomes were glycaemic control and maternal and neonatal complications. RESULTS Between July 2011 and September 2015, we randomized 300 pregnant women with type 1 (n = 109), type 2 (n = 82) or with gestational (n = 109) diabetes to either CGM (n = 147) or standard treatment (n = 153). The incidence of macrosomia was 31.0% in the CGM group and 28.4% in the standard treatment group (relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83-1.37). HbA1c levels were similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic pregnancy, use of intermittent retrospective CGM did not reduce the risk of macrosomia. CGM provides detailed information concerning glycaemic fluctuations but, as a treatment strategy, does not translate into improved pregnancy outcome.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetes, Gestational/blood
- Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology
- Diabetes, Gestational/therapy
- Female
- Fetal Macrosomia/epidemiology
- Fetal Macrosomia/etiology
- Fetal Macrosomia/prevention & control
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemia/prevention & control
- Incidence
- Infant, Newborn
- Intention to Treat Analysis
- Lost to Follow-Up
- Male
- Monitoring, Ambulatory
- Netherlands/epidemiology
- Patient Dropouts
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/physiopathology
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/therapy
- Risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne N Voormolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Women and Baby, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke M E Sanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Heringa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Women and Baby, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold W de Valk
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aren J van Loon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Hoogenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Bekedam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teri C B Brouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Porath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Erdtsieck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas NijBijvank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Kip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lammy D Elving
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda B Hermsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J Potter van Loon
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J P Rijnders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Josje Langenveld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina M C Akerboom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Kiewiet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiana A Naaktgeboren
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben W J Mol
- The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Women and Baby, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M Evers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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4
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Morroy G, Ooms D, Jansen HJ, Dijkstra J, van Drunen-Kamp KJ, Batstra-Blokpoel J. [Fish-caused illness: notify food-related outbreaks to the Municipal Health Services]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2018; 162:D2155. [PMID: 29424330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When two or more people fall ill after eating the same food, this is called an outbreak of food poisoning or food-related infection. In the Netherlands, physicians have to notify the Municipal Health Services (GGD) of such outbreaks. The GGD informs the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA). CASE DESCRIPTION Two clusters of scombroid poisoning (histamine poisoning in this case after eating tuna) occurred in one month. Due to the quick reporting of patients by physicians, the GGD and the NVWA immediately tracked down the source. In both clusters the NVWA confirmed high histamine levels in tuna. In reaction to these findings and the first cluster, the supplier recalled the tuna batch. This may have prevented other cases of food poisoning. In the second cluster, the implicated tuna batch had already been sold. CONCLUSION Timely notification by physicians of food poisoning or food-related outbreaks to the GGD enables swift tracing of the source and appropriate measures by the GGD and the NVWA..
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morroy
- GGD Hart voor Brabant, 's-Hertogenbosch
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5
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Hartman YAW, Jansen HJ, Hopman MTE, Tack CJ, Thijssen DHJ. Insulin-Associated Weight Gain in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Increases in Sedentary Behavior. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:e120-e121. [PMID: 28694305 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A W Hartman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K
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6
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Menting J, Tack CJ, van Bon AC, Jansen HJ, van den Bergh JP, Mol MJTM, Goedendorp MM, Donders R, Knoop H. Web-based cognitive behavioural therapy blended with face-to-face sessions for chronic fatigue in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:448-456. [PMID: 28462869 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue in type 1 diabetes is prevalent and persistent, but so far, no evidence-based treatments are available. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in reducing fatigue severity in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We did a multicentre randomised controlled trial at one university medical centre and four large teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Eligible patients were aged 18-70 years and had type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year and chronic fatigue for at least 6 months. We randomly assigned patients (1:1) to CBT or waiting list using computer-generated blocked randomisation, stratified by type of enrolment. The CBT intervention (Dia-Fit) was given for 5 months in blended form, consisting of face-to-face and web-based sessions. The primary outcome was fatigue severity assessed 5 months after randomisation, directly after the intervention or waiting list period, with the Checklist Individual Strength fatigue severity subscale. Secondary outcomes were functional impairment (assessed with the total score of the Sickness Impact Profile-8), glycaemic control (HbA1c), and glucose variability. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with the Nederlands Trial Register, number NTR4312. FINDINGS Between Feb 6, 2014, and March 24, 2016, we randomly assigned 120 eligible patients to either CBT (n=60) or waiting list (n=60), all of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. Compared with patients in the waiting list group, those in the CBT group had significantly lower fatigue severity scores (mean difference 13·8, 95% CI 10·0-17·5; p<0·0001) and significantly lower scores for functional impairment (mean difference 513, 95% CI 340-686; p<0·0001) after 5 months. HbA1c and glucose variability did not change after treatment and there was no difference between groups. Five patients in the CBT group and seven in the waiting list group reported adverse events; none were deemed to be related to the study intervention. INTERPRETATION Although our findings need to be confirmed in larger and longer-term studies, they suggest that CBT can effectively reduce fatigue severity and functional impairment in type 1 diabetes. FUNDING Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (Diabetes Fonds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menting
- Expert Centre for Chronic Fatigue, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arianne C van Bon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc J T M Mol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martine M Goedendorp
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Donders
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Knoop
- Expert Centre for Chronic Fatigue, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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7
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Kolder ICRM, van der Plas-Duivesteijn SJ, Tan G, Wiegertjes GF, Forlenza M, Guler AT, Travin DY, Nakao M, Moritomo T, Irnazarow I, den Dunnen JT, Anvar SY, Jansen HJ, Dirks RP, Palmblad M, Lenhard B, Henkel CV, Spaink HP. A full-body transcriptome and proteome resource for the European common carp. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:701. [PMID: 27590662 PMCID: PMC5009708 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the oldest, most domesticated and one of the most cultured fish species for food consumption. Besides its economic importance, the common carp is also highly suitable for comparative physiological and disease studies in combination with the animal model zebrafish (Danio rerio). They are genetically closely related but offer complementary benefits for fundamental research, with the large body mass of common carp presenting possibilities for obtaining sufficient cell material for advanced transcriptome and proteome studies. Results Here we have used 19 different tissues from an F1 hybrid strain of the common carp to perform transcriptome analyses using RNA-Seq. For a subset of the tissues we also have performed deep proteomic studies. As a reference, we updated the European common carp genome assembly using low coverage Pacific Biosciences sequencing to permit high-quality gene annotation. These annotated gene lists were linked to zebrafish homologs, enabling direct comparisons with published datasets. Using clustering, we have identified sets of genes that are potential selective markers for various types of tissues. In addition, we provide a script for a schematic anatomical viewer for visualizing organ-specific expression data. Conclusions The identified transcriptome and proteome data for carp tissues represent a useful resource for further translational studies of tissue-specific markers for this economically important fish species that can lead to new markers for organ development. The similarity to zebrafish expression patterns confirms the value of common carp as a resource for studying tissue-specific expression in cyprinid fish. The availability of the annotated gene set of common carp will enable further research with both applied and fundamental purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3038-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C R M Kolder
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - G Tan
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - G F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A T Guler
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Y Travin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Nakao
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - T Moritomo
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - I Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture Unit, Gołysz Zaborze, Kalinowa 2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - J T den Dunnen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Y Anvar
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H J Jansen
- ZF-screens B.V., J.H, Oortweg 19, 2333, CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R P Dirks
- ZF-screens B.V., J.H, Oortweg 19, 2333, CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Palmblad
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Lenhard
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - C V Henkel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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de Wit HM, Vervoort GM, Jansen HJ, de Galan BE, Tack CJ. Durable efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and pronounced insulin-associated weight gain: 52-week results from the Effect of Liraglutide on insulin-associated wEight GAiN in patients with Type 2 diabetes' (ELEGANT) randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med 2016; 279:283-92. [PMID: 26553486 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronounced weight gain frequently complicates insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We have previously reported that addition of liraglutide for 26 weeks can reverse insulin-associated weight gain, decrease insulin dose and improve glycaemic control, as compared with continuation of standard insulin treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the beneficial effects of liraglutide are sustained up to 52 weeks and whether similar effects could be obtained when liraglutide is added 6 months later. METHODS Adult T2DM patients with ≥ 4% weight gain within 16 months of insulin therapy completing the first 26-week trial period of open-label addition of liraglutide 1.8 mg day(-1) (n = 26) versus continuation of standard insulin therapy (n = 24) were all treated with liraglutide for another 26 weeks. Results were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS Overall, 24 (92%) and 18 (75%) patients originally assigned to liraglutide and standard therapy, respectively, completed the study. Addition of liraglutide decreased body weight to a similar extend when given in the first 26 weeks (liraglutide group) or second 26 weeks (original standard therapy group): -4.4 vs. -4.3 kg (difference -0.32 kg, 95% confidence interval -2.2 to 1.6 kg; P = 0.74). Similar results were also seen in the two groups with regard to decrease in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) (-0.77 vs. -0.66%; P = 0.23) and insulin dose (-28 vs. -26 U day(-1) ; P = 0.32). In both groups, 22% of patients could discontinue insulin. Continuation of liraglutide until 52 weeks led to sustained effects on body weight, HbA1c and insulin-dose requirements. CONCLUSION In T2DM patients with pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, addition of liraglutide within 2 years leads to sustained reversal of body weight, improved glycaemic control and decrease in insulin dose. Thus, liraglutide offers a valuable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M de Wit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G M Vervoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - B E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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9
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Jansen HJ, Vervoort GMM, de Haan AFJ, Netten PM, de Grauw WJ, Tack CJ. Diabetes-related distress, insulin dose, and age contribute to insulin-associated weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a prospective study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2710-7. [PMID: 25011948 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The determinants of insulin-associated weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are partly unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to identify predictors of insulin-associated weight gain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In patients with T2DM, we assessed physical activity by accelerometry and measured diabetes-related distress by questionnaires before and 6 and 12 months after starting insulin therapy. Glycemic control (HbA1c) and insulin dose were monitored. RESULTS After 12 months of insulin therapy, mean body weight had increased by 3.0 ± 2.5 kg (P < 0.001). The drop in HbA1c was correlated with insulin-associated weight gain. With the use of a multiple linear regression model, a cluster of variables was identified that significantly related to weight gain. Diabetes-related distress, initial insulin dose, and the increase of insulin dose during the course of the study as well as age appeared to be important predictors of weight gain after initiation of insulin therapy. Physical activity (measured as MET) decreased from 1.40 ± 0.04 at baseline to 1.32 ± 0.04 MET (P < 0.05) but was not significantly related to weight changes. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-related distress, initial and titration of insulin dose, and age all significantly predict insulin-associated weight gain. After the initiation of insulin therapy, physical activity decreased significantly, but this did not determine weight gain over the first 12 months. Our study findings may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald M M Vervoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton F J de Haan
- Biostatistics Group, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paetrick M Netten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J de Grauw
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Family Practice Berghem, Berghem, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Ballak DB, van Diepen JA, Moschen AR, Jansen HJ, Hijmans A, Groenhof GJ, Leenders F, Bufler P, Boekschoten MV, Müller M, Kersten S, Li S, Kim S, Eini H, Lewis EC, Joosten LAB, Tilg H, Netea MG, Tack CJ, Dinarello CA, Stienstra R. IL-37 protects against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4711. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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11
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de Wit HM, Vervoort GMM, Jansen HJ, de Grauw WJC, de Galan BE, Tack CJ. Liraglutide reverses pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, improves glycaemic control and decreases insulin dose in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26 week, randomised clinical trial (ELEGANT). Diabetologia 2014; 57:1812-9. [PMID: 24947583 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The best treatment strategy for a patient with type 2 diabetes who shows pronounced weight gain after the introduction of insulin treatment is unclear. We determined whether addition of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue could reverse pronounced insulin-associated weight gain while maintaining glycaemic control, and compared this with the most practised strategy, continuation and intensification of standard insulin therapy. METHODS In a 26-week, randomised controlled trial (ELEGANT), conducted in the outpatient departments of one academic and one large non-academic teaching hospital in the Netherlands, adult patients with type 2 diabetes with ≥ 4% weight gain during short-term (≤ 16 months) insulin therapy received either open-label addition of liraglutide 1.8 mg/day (n = 26) or continued standard therapy (n = 24). A computer-generated random number list was used to allocate treatments. Participants were evaluated every 4-6 weeks for weight, glycaemic control and adverse events. The primary endpoint was between-group weight difference after 26 weeks of treatment (intention to treat). RESULTS Of 50 randomised patients (mean age 58 years, BMI 33 kg/m(2), HbA1c 7.4% [57 mmol/mol]), 47 (94%) completed the study; all patients were analysed. Body weight decreased by 4.5 kg with liraglutide and increased by 0.9 kg with standard therapy (mean difference -5.2 kg [95% CI -6.7, -3.6 kg]; p < 0.001). The respective changes in HbA1c were -0.77% (-8.4 mmol/mol) and +0.01% (+0.1 mmol/mol) (difference -0.74% [-8.1 mmol/mol]) ([95% CI -1.08%, -0.41%] [-11.8, -4.5 mmol/mol]; p < 0.001); respective changes in insulin dose were -29 U/day and +5 U/day (difference -33 U/day [95% CI -41, -25 U/day]; p < 0.001). In five patients (19%), insulin could be completely discontinued. Liraglutide was well tolerated; no severe adverse events or severe hypoglycaemia occurred. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In patients with pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, addition of liraglutide to their treatment regimen reverses weight, decreases insulin dose and improves glycaemic control, and hence seems a valuable therapeutic option compared with continuation of standard insulin treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01392898. Funding The study was funded by Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M de Wit
- Department of Internal Medicine 463, Section Diabetes, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
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12
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Jansen HJ, Stienstra R, van Diepen JA, Hijmans A, van der Laak JA, Vervoort GMM, Tack CJ. Start of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus promotes the influx of macrophages into subcutaneous adipose tissue. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2573-81. [PMID: 24065152 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by weight gain characterised by an increase in abdominal fat mass. The expansion of adipose tissue mass is generally paralleled by profound morphological and inflammatory changes. We hypothesised that the insulin-associated increase in fat mass would also result in changes in the morphology of human subcutaneous adipose tissue and in increased inflammation, especially when weight gain was excessive. METHODS We investigated the effects of weight gain on adipocyte size, macrophage influx, and mRNA expression and protein levels of key inflammatory markers within the adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and 6 months after starting insulin therapy. RESULTS As expected, insulin therapy significantly increased body weight. At the level of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, insulin treatment led to an influx of macrophages. When comparing patients gaining no or little weight with patients gaining >4% body weight after 6 months of insulin therapy, both subgroups displayed an increase in macrophage influx. However, individuals who had gained weight had higher protein levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TNF-α and IL-1β after 6 months of insulin therapy compared with those who had not gained weight. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus improved glycaemic control but also induced body weight gain and an influx of macrophages into the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In patients characterised by a pronounced insulin-associated weight gain, the influx of macrophages into the adipose tissue was accompanied by a more pronounced inflammatory status. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00781495. FUNDING The study was funded by European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes and the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine 463, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
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13
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Jansen HJ, Vervoort GM, van der Graaf M, Stienstra R, Tack CJ. Liver fat content is linked to inflammatory changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:661-6. [PMID: 23167778 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are typically overweight and have an increased liver fat content (LFAT). High LFAT may be explained by an increased efflux of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue, which is partly instigated by inflammatory changes. This would imply an association between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content. OBJECTIVE To analyse associations between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PATIENTS Twenty-seven obese patients with insulin-treated T2DM were studied. MEASUREMENTS LFAT content was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subcutaneous (sc) fat biopsy was obtained to determine morphology and protein levels within adipose tissue. In addition to fat cell size, the percentage of macrophages and the presence of crown-like structures (CLSs) within sc fat were assessed by CD68-immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Mean LFAT percentage was 11·1 ± 1·7% (range: 0·75-32·9%); 63% of the patients were diagnosed with an elevated LFAT (upper range of normal ≤5·5%). Whereas adipocyte size did not correlate with LFAT, 3 of 4 subjects with CLSs in sc fat had elevated LFAT and the percentage of macrophages present in sc adipose tissue was positively associated with LFAT. Protein concentrations of adiponectin within adipose tissue negatively correlated with LFAT. Adipose tissue protein levels of the key inflammatory adipokine plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were positively associated with LFAT. CONCLUSIONS Several pro-inflammatory changes in sc adipose tissue associate with increased LFAT content in obese insulin-treated patients with T2DM. These findings suggest that inflammatory changes at the level of the adipose tissue may drive liver fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jansen HJ, van Essen P, Koenen T, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Tack CJ, Stienstra R. Autophagy activity is up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese individuals and modulates proinflammatory cytokine expression. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5866-74. [PMID: 23117929 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved process aimed at recycling damaged organelles and protein aggregates in the cell, also modulates proinflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Because adipose tissue inflammation accompanied by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines is characteristic for the development of obesity, we hypothesized that modulation of autophagy alters adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression and secretion. We tested our hypothesis using ex vivo and in vivo studies of human and mouse adipose tissue. Levels of the autophagy marker LC3 were elevated in sc adipose tissue of obese vs. lean human subjects and positively correlated to both systemic insulin resistance and morphological characteristics of adipose tissue inflammation. Similarly, autophagic activity levels were increased in adipose tissue of obese and insulin resistant animals as compared with lean mice. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methylalanine in human and mouse adipose tissue explants led to a significant increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression and protein secretion. Noticeably, the enhancement in IL-1β, IL-6, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant (KC) by inhibition of autophagy was more robust in the presence of obesity. Similar results were obtained by blocking autophagy using small interfering RNA targeted to ATG7 in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that autophagy activity is up-regulated in the adipose tissue of obese individuals and inhibition of autophagy enhances proinflammatory gene expression both in adipocytes and adipose tissue explants. Autophagy may function to dampen inflammatory gene expression and thereby limit excessive inflammation in adipose tissue during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Jansen HJ, Hendriks JC, de Galan BE, Penders G, Tack CJ, Vervoort G. Contribution of change in glycosylated haemoglobin to insulin-associated weight gain: results of a longitudinal study in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrine 2011; 39:190-7. [PMID: 21069577 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of glycosylated haemoglobin change (HbA1c) on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes after start of insulin therapy. We analysed 122 individual weight-profiles in relation to the change in HbA1c per se in these patients up to 36 months after the start of insulin therapy. Data were analysed separately for the first 9 months after commencement of insulin therapy and for the period thereafter. Within the first 9 months of insulin therapy mean body weight increased by 0.52 kg per month. HbA1c decreased from 9.9 ± 1.8 to 7.9 ± 1.3%. Only 12% of the initial weight gain could be attributed to the change in HbA1c. Furthermore, the mean monthly increase in body weight gain was reduced by 0.006 kg for every 1 kg higher body weight at baseline. From 9 to 36 months after start of insulin therapy, body weight increased by 0.1 kg/month, which was independent of change in HbA1c. Improvement of glycaemic control per se contributes little to initial weight gain after start of insulin therapy in patients with T2DM. After 9 months of insulin treatment, weight gain is unrelated to change in glycosylated haemoglobin. Other factors have to be responsible for weight gain after start of insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of General Internal Medicine 463, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
We review a recently discovered developmental mechanism. Anterior-posterior positional information for the vertebrate trunk is generated by sequential interactions between a timer in the early nonorganizer mesoderm (NOM) and the Spemann organizer (SO). The timer is characterized by temporally collinear activation of a series of Hox genes in the early ventral and lateral mesoderm (i.e., the NOM) of the Xenopus gastrula. This early Hox gene expression is transient, unless it is stabilized by signals from the SO. The NOM and the SO undergo timed interactions due to morphogenetic movements during gastrulation, which lead to the formation of an anterior-posterior axial pattern and stable Hox gene expression. When separated from each other, neither the NOM nor the SO is able to induce anterior-posterior pattern formation of the trunk. We present a model describing that the NOM acquires transiently stable hox codes and spatial collinearity, and that morphogenetic movements then continually bring new cells from the NOM within the range of SO signals that cause transfer of the mesodermal pattern to a stable pattern in neurectoderm and, thereby, create patterned axial structures. In doing so, the age of the NOM, but not the age of the SO, defines positional values along the anterior-posterior axis. We postulate that the temporal information from the NOM is linked to mesodermal Hox expression. The role of the SO for trunk patterning turns out to be the induction of neural tissue as prerequisite for neural hox patterning. Apparently, development of a stable anterior-posterior pattern requires neural hox patterning. We believe that this mechanism represents a developmental principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Durston
- Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Jansen HJ, Vervoort G, van der Graaf M, Tack CJ. Pronounced weight gain in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profile. Neth J Med 2010; 68:359-366. [PMID: 21116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pronounced weight gain after start of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may offset beneficial effects conferred by the improvement of glycaemic control. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the cardiometabolic risk profile of a group of type 2 diabetes patients with a marked increase in body weight ('gainers) after the start of insulin treatment and a similar group without any or only minimal weight gain ('non-gainers'). In a cross-sectional study, we compared two predefined groups of patients with T2DM who had been on insulin therapy for a mean of 4.0 years: 'gainers' vs 'non-gainers'. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by measuring fat content and distribution (physical examination, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual energy X-ray absorption, and magnetic resonance imaging), liver fat content (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), physical activity levels (Sensewear® armband) and plasma markers. Each subgroup consisted of 14 patients. Gainers had significantly more total body and trunk fat (especially subcutaneous fat) compared with no-gainers. Gainers had similar liver fat content, and slightly higher levels of fat hormones. Furthermore, gainers performed significantly less physical activity. Lastly, gainers had higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase levels with similar cholesterol-lowering treatment. Patients with T2DM who show pronounced weight gain during insulin therapy have a less favourable cardiometabolic risk profile compared with patients who show no or minimal weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Choi JS, Cheng X, Foster E, Leffler A, Tyrrell L, te Morsche RHM, Eastman EM, Jansen HJ, Huehne K, Nau C, Dib-Hajj SD, Drenth JPH, Waxman SG. Alternative splicing may contribute to time-dependent manifestation of inherited erythromelalgia. Brain 2010; 133:1823-35. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jansen HJ, van Krieken JH, Römkens TEH. Yellow-white lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gastric xanthelasmas. Neth J Med 2009; 67:360-361. [PMID: 19915233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Jansen HJ, Spaargaren GJ, de Jager CPC. Right subclavian vein cannulation? Insertion of a central venous catheter with inadvertent cannulation of the subclavian artery. Neth J Med 2006; 64:429-30. [PMID: 17179575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Intensive Care, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, location GZG, 's-Hertogenbosch.
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Jansen HJ, Doebé SRO, Louwerse ES, van der Linden JC, Netten PM. Status epilepticus caused by a myxoedema coma. Neth J Med 2006; 64:202-5. [PMID: 16788220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with status epilepticus, coma and hypoventilation is reported. A primary neurological cause was considered. Hypothermia led to further investigations and a diagnosis of severe hypothyroidism. The neurological complications of hyperthyriodism include alteration in mental status with slowness, decreased concentration and lethargy, headache, cranial nerve palsies, dysarthria, hoarseness, myopathy, neuropathy, reflex changes, ataxia, and psychotic episodes. Our patient suffered from a rare consequence of severe hypothyroidism presenting with status epilepticus and she died despite treatment. To our knowledge this is the second patient to be reported with myxoedema coma with this kind of presentation. Despite therapeutic options, there is a high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Intensive Care, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands.
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Jansen HJ, Haerkens-Arends H, Vervoort G. A patient with dyspnoea, subfebrile temperature and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Neth J Med 2005; 63:231, 238. [PMID: 16011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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Jansen HJ, Haerkens-Arends H, Vervoort G. A patient with dyspnoea, subfebrile temperature and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Neth J Med 2005; 63:111, 118. [PMID: 15813423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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Bloemendal H, Enzlin JH, Van Rijk AA, Jansen HJ. Biochemical differences between three subcell-lines derived from SV40-transformed hamster lens cells. Exp Eye Res 1997; 64:1037-41. [PMID: 9301485 DOI: 10.1006/exer.1997.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clones derived from SV40-transformed hamster lens cells have at least three different stable morphologies. Biochemical differences between the three cell types that become detectable after transfection of the alpha A-crystallin gene do exist at the level of alpha B-crystallin and small heat shock protein (HSP27) expression. Furthermore one cell type is capable of alternative splicing of the hamster alpha A-crystallin gene, whereas another one cannot express alpha AIns-crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bloemendal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jansen HJ, van der Hoeven JS. Protein degradation by Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces meyeri supports the growth of non-protein-cleaving oral bacteria in serum. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24:346-53. [PMID: 9178115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic activities of oral bacteria are thought to play an important role in the aetiology of dental abscesses. Bacteria-derived proteases may contribute to tissue destruction, and are likely to impair host defence by degrading immunoglobulins and complement. Degraded periodontal tissue and tissue fluid are likely to constitute essential sources of nutrients in the abscess. Tissue fluid, which is derived from serum, is rich in protein and poor in carbohydrate, suggesting that breakdown of protein and fermentation of amino acids is a crucial step to generate energy for growth of the microflora. The number of oral bacterial species that perform hydrolytic cleavage of protein into polypeptides, the first step in protein degradation, is relatively small compared to the large majority of peptidase-producing species. In this study, we therefore investigated the growth-promoting effect of proteinase-producing species like Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces meyeri on the growth of some non-proteinase producing bacteria in mixed cultures. We used serum as a substitute for the supposed natural substrate of the abscess microflora. The breakdown of serum proteins was investigated using capillary electrophoresis. Poor growth was found in mono- and mixed cultures of non-proteinase producing species Eubacterium lentum, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Peptostreptococcus micros, and Streptococcus intermedius. The presence of P. intermedia in mixed cultures strongly enhanced growth of these 4 species, according to the hypothesis that the growth of the mixed cultures was peptide-limited. The enhanced growth of P. intermedia in pronase-digested serum indicated peptide-limited growth of this organism in serum, despite its production of proteinase. We found that growth of monocultures of Actinomyces meyeri was poor. In contrast, A. meyeri grew well in mixed cultures and its presence stimulated growth of F. nucleatum and P. micros, suggesting a synergistic relationship. The growth of mono- and mixed cultures was investigated using one representative strain of each species. Thus, there is a small risk of having selected unique strains. Proteinase inhibitors reduced the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, and P. intermedia in trypticase peptone-yeast extract medium with, and without, IgG. Our study indicated that proteinase-producing organisms play a key role in mixed cultures of oral bacteria in human serum by providing polypeptides for growth. This may explain their association with dental abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jansen HJ, van der Hoeven JS, Walji S, Göertz JH, Bakkeren JA. The importance of immunoglobulin-breakdown supporting the growth of bacteria in oral abscesses. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23:717-23. [PMID: 8877656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral bacteria play an important rôle in the causation of oro-facial abscesses. However, they can also be involved in brain, liver and lung abscesses. To persist, it is essential that these bacteria can grow on those sites. The main source of nutrients for growth in abscesses is likely to be tissue exudate, which is rich in serum-derived proteins, and relatively poor in free amino acids and carbohydrates. Degradation of intact proteins seems a crucial step in providing the peptides necessary for energy generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of microorganisms from asscesses to degrade serum proteins, in particular immunoglobulins. To this end, samples were taken by aspiration from 16 odontogenic abscesses. It was found that pus from abscesses differed strongly in the concentration of viable bacterial cells. The ability of the abscess microflora to degrade serum proteins was investigated after growth of the sample in heat-inactivated human serum. The microflora from abscesses with a high concentration (n = 10) of bacteria strongly degraded immunoglobulins, whereas breakdown of immunoglobulins was virtually absent after growth of the microflora from low-bacterial concentration (n = 6) abscesses. Bacteriological analyses revealed the presence of at least one proteinase-producing species, like Porphyromonas, black-pigmented Prevotella species, or Actinomyces meyeri, in abscesses with a high density of bacteria, but not in those with low bacterial density. The results indicate that the capacity to degrade intact proteins, in particular immunoglobulins, is a major determinant of bacterial growth in abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Dirks RP, Onnekink C, Jansen HJ, de Jong A, Bloemers HP. A novel human c-sis mRNA species is transcribed from a promoter in c-sis intron 1 and contains the code for an alternative PDGF B-like protein. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:2815-22. [PMID: 7659502 PMCID: PMC307116 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.15.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain precursor is usually translated from a 3.5 kb c-sis/PDGF B gene transcript. The first exon of the c-sis/gene contains the code for the signal peptide of the PDGF B chain precursor, preceded by a 1 kb long untranslated sequence with potent translation inhibitory activity. In this paper we show that a novel 2.6 kb c-sis mRNA present in the human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 initiates at an alternative exon 1, which we refer to as exon 1a. The 90 bp long exon 1a is located in the center of the first intron of the gene. It coincides with a very pronounced DNase-I-hypersensitive site and is preceded by a functional promoter. Of the three ATG codons present in exon 1a, the third one perfectly matches the criteria of a consensus start codon. It initiates an open reading frame that is continuous with the code for the PDGF B chain precursor but lacks the code for a signal peptide. We conclude that this novel 2.6 kb c-sis mRNA species lacks the strong translation inhibitory potential of the regular exon 1 and contains the code for a PDGF B-like protein that may be targeted to the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dirks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Van de Klundert FA, Jansen HJ, Bloemendal H. Negative regulation of a special, double AP-1 consensus element in the vimentin promoter: interference by the retinoic acid receptor. J Cell Physiol 1995; 164:85-92. [PMID: 7790400 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041640111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth-regulated vimentin gene contains a functional double AP-1 binding site formed by two nearly perfect inverted repeats. We present evidence for down-regulation of vimentin expression by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in two mesodermally derived cell types. By mutation analysis we prove that the double consensus element is responsible for this negative regulation. From in vitro protein-DNA interaction studies we conclude that AP-1 binding is inhibited at RAR amounts required for occupation of the cognate RAR binding site in nuclear extracts from 3T3 cells and differentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, we show that, unlike in other cases, trans-activation of the vimentin AP-1 enhancer element can occur in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells, despite the low amount of Jun and Fos proteins present in these cells. Here, however, down-regulation by retinoic acid cannot be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Van de Klundert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jansen HJ, Grenier D, Van der Hoeven JS. Characterization of immunoglobulin G-degrading proteases of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1995; 10:138-45. [PMID: 7567062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1995.tb00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of immunoglobulins is thought to be an important factor in the causation of periodontal diseases by hindering local host defenses and by providing nutrients to the periodontal microflora. In this study, we characterized the proteolytic activity against human immunoglobulin G (IgG) of 20 strains of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens isolated from periodontal pockets and oral abscesses. IgG degradation was studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All strains degraded IgG within 48 h after growth in trypticase-yeast extract medium (TY) supplemented with 0.3% IgG. Incorporating IgG in TY broth enhanced bacterial growth. Protease profiles (zymography), which revealed the presence of 1-4 IgG-degrading proteolytic bands in bacterial cell extracts, became more complex after growth in the presence of IgG. A 38-kDa protease capable of degrading IgG nonspecifically was present in almost all strains. The proteolytic activity was mainly located on the surface of the cell envelope. Two strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563 were selected for further studies. Bacterial cell suspensions in phosphate-buffered saline completely degraded human IgG, IgA and IgM within 24 h. This activity depended on reducing conditions and was inhibited at temperatures above 50 degrees C. The pH optimum of immunoglobulin degradation was at pH 7. Strains cultured at 42 degrees C showed a markedly reduced capacity to degrade IgG. Inhibition studies revealed that breakdown of IgG was caused by a cysteine protease(s). The capacity of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens to degrade immunoglobulins may explain their association with polymicrobial oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, University of Niijmegen, Netherlands
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Dirks RP, Jansen HJ, van Gerven B, Onnekink C, Bloemers HP. In vivo footprinting and functional analysis of the human c-sis/PDGF B gene promoter provides evidence for two binding sites for transcriptional activators. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:1119-26. [PMID: 7739890 PMCID: PMC306819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.7.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
By in vivo DMS footprint and reporter gene analyses we identified two transcription factor binding sites in the human c-sis/PDGF B gene promoter. The low basal activity of the PDGF B promoter in HeLa and undifferentiated K562 cells, which express low PDGF B mRNA levels, and in PC3 cells, which express a high PDGF B mRNA level, results from binding of a weak transcriptional activator between positions -64 and -61 relative to the transcription start site. Cytotrophoblast-like JEG-3 cells, which do not express the 3.5 kb PDGF B mRNA, contain a transcriptional activator directed at the -64/-61 sequence, but DNA methylation may render the endogenous promoter inaccessible to this activator. A CCACCCAC element at position -61/-54 was identified as the in vivo binding site for a strong transcriptional activator in phorbol ester-treated megakaryocytic K562 cells, which express a high PDGF B mRNA level. Primary human fibroblasts, which do not transcribe the PDGF B gene, contain a transcriptional activator that recognizes an element between positions -60 and -45 but does not bind to the endogenous unmethylated promoter. Our results show that the complex expression pattern of the human PDGF B gene involves the cell type-specific expression of weak and strong transcriptional activators and regulation of promoter accessibility to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dirks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jansen HJ, van der Hoeven JS, van den Kieboom CW, Göertz JH, Camp PJ, Bakkeren JA. Degradation of immunoglobulin G by periodontal bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994; 9:345-51. [PMID: 7870469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several subgingival microorganisms were tested for their ability to utilize human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a substrate for growth. This was done using a protein-free chemically defined medium, supplemented with IgG. Stimulation of growth was observed for Capnocytophaga ochracea, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella oralis, Lactobacillus catenaforme and Streptococcus intermedius. Immunoelectrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a protein assay demonstrated that P. intermedia and P. endodontalis completely degraded the protein chains of IgG. Partial breakdown of IgG was observed for P. asaccharolytica and C. ochracea, whereas P. oralis cleaved the IgG heavy chain, yielding Fc and Fab fragments. All these bacteria utilized IgG as a substrate for growth. Binding studies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed complete loss of in vitro antigen-antibody binding capacity after incubation of specific IgG with P. endodontalis and partial loss of binding with P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, C. ochracea or Fusobacterium nucleatum. Degradation or inactivation of IgG by oral bacteria is thought to be important in the causation of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jansen
- Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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van de Klundert FA, Jansen HJ, Bloemendal H. A proximal promoter element in the hamster desmin upstream regulatory region is responsible for activation by myogenic determination factors. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:220-5. [PMID: 8276797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin is up-regulated during skeletal muscle differentiation. When myoblasts leave the cell cycle and fusion into multinucleated myotubes starts, genes associated with myogenesis become activated. The activation is believed to be mediated by the muscle-specific determination factors. We present evidence that both MyoD and myogenin are able to activate the transcription of the hamster desmin gene. A proximal promoter fragment of 89 base pairs is sufficient for this transactivation process. The single E-box in this region is essential for desmin promoter activity in mouse C2 skeletal muscle cells and upon co-transfection of a myogenin expression vector also in human primary fibroblasts. Mutation of this MyoD binding site abrogates desmin transcription, and transactivation of the promoter no longer occurs. By using gel electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we were able to demonstrate that nuclear proteins from C2 muscle cells and myogenin/E12 glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins are able to bind to the functional E-box consensus sequence. A second E-box, situated in a more upstream regulatory region, which also binds to purified Helix-Loop-Helix proteins in vitro is only moderately affected by site-directed in vitro mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A van de Klundert
- University of Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands
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Dirks RP, Jansen HJ, Onnekink C, De Jonge RJ, Bloemers HP. DNase-I-hypersensitive sites located far upstream of the human c-sis/PDGF-B gene comap with transcriptional enhancers and a silencer and are preceded by (part of) a new transcription unit. Eur J Biochem 1993; 216:487-95. [PMID: 8375387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The human c-sis gene encodes the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent mitogen for cultured cells of mesenchymal origin. PDGF is stored in the alpha-granules of blood platelets, which are derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes and lack transcriptional machinery. Human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 can be used as a model for megakaryocytes. Phorbol-ester-mediated megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells is accompanied by more than 200-fold increase in the c-sis mRNA level. We have now localized transcriptional enhancers at -8.6 kb and -9.9 kb relative to the human c-sis gene transcription start site. The enhancer at -8.6 kb increases activity of the c-sis promoter by 40-60-fold specifically in K562 cells and comaps with a DNase-I-hypersensitivity (DH) site. The enhancer at -9.9 kb increases c-sis promoter activity by 5-10-fold in K562 cells and DH at that site accompanies phorbol-ester-induced megakaryocytic differentiation. In phorbol-ester-treated K562 cells the two enhancers may be negatively influenced by a silencer that comaps with DH at -10.7/-11.0 kb. Reporter gene analysis predicted that combined activity of the upstream enhancers and the c-sis promoter may result in 100-1000-fold higher promoter activity in phorbol-ester-treated K562 cells compared with untreated cells, which can fully explain the more than 200-fold increase in c-sis mRNA level. DH at -8.6 kb and -9.9 kb was also detected in human fibroblasts and in the carcinoma cell lines HeLa and PC3, which express, respectively, undetectable, low and high levels of c-sis mRNA. Although the individual DH sites displayed 4-10-fold enhancer activity in all these cells, they lost most of their biological activity when combined in a larger fragment. In addition we localized (part of) a new transcription unit at approximately 13 kb upstream of the c-sis transcription start site. The corresponding 0.45-kb sis upstream region (sur) transcript is constitutively expressed in all cell lines examined. The expression of the sur transcript is independent of the expression of c-sis mRNA and of the pattern of DH sites far upstream of the c-sis gene. Thus, at present, there is no indication that the upstream DH sites are involved in regulation of expression of the sur gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dirks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Coehoorn R, Daalderop GH, Jansen HJ. Full-potential calculations of the magnetization of Fe16N2 and Fe4N. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:3830-3834. [PMID: 10008831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rosenbauer M, Jansen HJ. Slater-Koster interpolation of energy bands of complex crystal structures: Tetragonal zirconia. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:16148-16154. [PMID: 10006035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dirks RP, Jansen HJ, Gerritsma J, Onnekink C, Bloemers HP. Localization and functional analysis of DNase-I-hypersensitive sites in the human c-sis/PDGF-B gene transcription unit and its flanking regions. Eur J Biochem 1993; 211:509-19. [PMID: 8436112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied the regulation of the expression of the human c-sis/PDGF-B gene in the following panel of cell lines: K562 cells, in which expression is inducible by phorbol esters; cytotrophoblast-derived cell lines JEG-3 and JAR; carcinoma-derived cell lines PC3, T24 and HeLa, which show extensive differences in c-sis mRNA content; dermal fibroblasts, which do not express the gene. We demonstrate that the wide variety of levels of c-sis mRNA in these cells is mainly determined at the transcription level. Extensive gene rearrangements or amplifications, or significant differences in the stability of the c-sis transcript could not be found. In fibroblasts and placenta cell lines, inaccessibility of the c-sis promoter, rather than the absence of transcription factors that activate it, inhibits expression of the endogenous gene. Examination of the chromatin structure of the transcription unit and immediate flanking regions revealed several cell-type-specific DNase-I-hypersensitivity (DH) sites. Functional analysis of genomic fragments harbouring one or more DH sites showed the presence of negative regulatory elements within intron 1, and of an activating element downstream of the gene. A DH site, located immediately downstream of the promoter in dermal fibroblasts, may regulate accessibility of the promoter by means of specific nucleosome phasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dirks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We have studied the 5' upstream sequences required for the transcriptional regulation of the hamster gene encoding the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. Although vimentin is regarded as the intermediate filament protein of mesothelial tissue, it is also produced in most cultured cells. The human mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, belongs to the exceptions. It contains no vimentin, and the complete upstream promoter region is inactive in this particular cell line. By using transient transfection of chimeric constructs into MCF-7 and HeLa cells, and subsequent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays, we were able to show the presence of two negative control regions flanking a double AP-1 enhancer element. Our data indicate that these elements exert their effect irrespective of orientation and position, suggesting that they are silencers. In vitro footprinting assays, gel mobility assays and Southwestern (protein-DNA) blotting revealed the presence of trans-acting factors interacting with both silencer elements. The silencing effect was particularly pronounced in MCF-7 cells, although DNA-binding proteins are present in HeLa cells as well.
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Jansen HJ. Many-body properties calculated from the Kohn-Sham equations in density-functional theory. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:12025-12028. [PMID: 9996980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Li C, Freeman AJ, Jansen HJ, Fu CL. Magnetic anisotropy in low-dimensional ferromagnetic systems: Fe monolayers on Ag(001), Au(001), and Pd(001) substrates. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:5433-5442. [PMID: 9996126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Huang MC, Jansen HJ, Freeman AJ. Erratum: "Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local-density electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in Cl5 compounds ZrZn2 and ZrV2". Phys Rev B 1989; 39:4725. [PMID: 9948840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.4725.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Norman MR, Jansen HJ. Local-density calculations of the magnetic and paramagnetic phases of TmSe and TmTe. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:10050-10054. [PMID: 9944431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Min BI, Freeman AJ, Jansen HJ. Magnetism, electronic structure, and Fermi surface of Ni3Al. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:6757-6762. [PMID: 9943944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Podloucky R, Jansen HJ, Guo XQ, Freeman AJ. First-principles electronic-structure approach for phase diagrams of binary alloys. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:5478-5482. [PMID: 9943736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Huang M, Jansen HJ, Freeman AJ. Self-consistent full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave local-density electronic-structure studies of magnetism and superconductivity in C15 compounds: ZrZn2 and ZrV2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:3489-3496. [PMID: 9944944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jansen HJ, Freeman AJ. Structural and electronic properties of graphite via an all-electron total-energy local-density approach. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:8207-8214. [PMID: 9941159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.8207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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