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Zhang S, Li G, Qian K, Zou Y, Zheng X, Ai H, Lin F, Lei C, Hu S. Exosomes derived from cancer cells relieve inflammatory bowel disease in mice. J Drug Target 2024; 32:1073-1085. [PMID: 38958251 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2369876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy has garnered significant attention due to its natural delivery capabilities, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and potential for personalised treatment through engineering modifications. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDEs) to interact with immune cells or modify the immune microenvironment to suppress host immune responses, as well as their unique homing ability to parental cells. The core question of this study is whether this immunomodulatory property of TDEs can be utilised for the immunotherapy of inflammatory diseases. In our experiments, we prepared exosomes derived from murine colon cancer cells CT26 (CT26 exo) using ultracentrifugation, characterised them, and conducted proteomic analysis. The therapeutic potential of CT26 exo was evaluated in our dextran sulphate sodium salt (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model. Compared to the control and 293 T exo treatment groups, mice treated with CT26 exo showed a reduction in the disease activity index (DAI) and colon shortening rate, with no noticeable weight loss. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of colon paraffin sections revealed reduced inflammatory infiltration and increased epithelial goblet cells in the colons of CT26 exo-treated group. Furthermore, we conducted preliminary mechanistic explorations by examining the phenotyping and function of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the colonic lamina propria of mice. The results indicated that the ameliorative effect of CT26 exosomes might be due to their inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by colonic DCs and selective suppression of Th17 cell differentiation in the colon. Additionally, CT26 exo exhibited good biosafety. Our findings propose a novel exosome-based therapeutic approach for IBD and suggest the potential application of TDEs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitan Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinya Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxing Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li YJ, Yu ZY, Zhang D, Zhang FR, Zhang DM, Chen M. Extracellular vesicles for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36890. [PMID: 39281542 PMCID: PMC11400994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being considered as a potential therapeutic option for ulcerative colitis (UC), and numerous preclinical studies have been conducted on the use of EVs for UC. Methods A systematic review was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of mammalian EVs and placebo on UC in animal models, along with a meta-analysis comparing naïve (unmodified) EVs and placebo. The search was performed in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE) up to September 13th, 2023. The primary outcomes included disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI), and adverse effects (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023458039). Results A total of 69 studies were included based on pre-determined criteria, involving 1271 animals. Of these studies, 51 measured DAI scores, with 98 % reporting that EVs could reduce DAI scores. Additionally, 5 studies reported CMDI and all showed that EVs could significantly reduce CMDI. However, only 3 studies assessed adverse effects and none reported any significant adverse effects. The meta-analysis of these studies (40 studies involving 1065 animals) revealed that naïve EVs could significantly decrease the DAI score (SMD = -3.00; 95 % CI: -3.52 to -2.48) and CMDI (SMD = -2.10; 95 % CI: -2.85 to -1.35). Conclusion The results indicate that mammalian EVs have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in animal models of UC; however, the safety profile of EVs remains inadequate which highlights the need for further research on safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, NO.11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, NO.11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, NO.11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, NO.11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, No.5 Haiyuncang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 101121, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, NO.11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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Tolomeo AM, Malvicini R, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Lombardi V, Zanella F, Andreis M, Lazzari GD, Todeschini G, Caicci F, Aniballi C, Troisio I, Santovito G, Bacci ML, Muraca M, Fabozzo A, Gerosa G. Protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles against ischemia-reperfusion injury of hearts donated after circulatory death: Preliminary study in a pig model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117256. [PMID: 39111081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insufficient supply of cardiac grafts represents a severe obstacle in heart transplantation. Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD), in addition to conventional donation after brain death, is one promising option to overcome the organ shortage. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitable more extended period of warm unprotected ischemia between circulatory arrest and graft procurement. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown remarkable protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, we aimed to enhance grafts preservation from DCD donors, through treatment with MSC-EVs. METHODS Female pigs were euthanized by barbiturate overdose and after 20 min of a flat EKG, the chest was opened, the heart harvested and subsequently connected to an extracorporeal perfusion machine. MSC-EVs, isolated by ion exchange chromatography, were added to the perfusion solution (1×1011 particles) and the heart was perfused for 2 h. Then, heart tissue biopsies were taken to assess histological changes, mitochondrial morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammation mediators' expression. Biochemical parameters of myocardial viability were assessed in the perfusate. RESULTS The treatment with MSC-EVs significantly prevented mitochondria swelling, mitochondrial cristae loss and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. The protective effect of MSC-EVs was confirmed by the delayed increase of the cardiac-specific enzymes CK and TnC in the perfusate and the reduction of caspase-3+ cells in tissue sections. CONCLUSION MSC-EVs improve graft quality by preserving the mitochondrial ultrastructure protecting the myocardium against oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis of cardiac cells and preventing the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy.
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy; Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Instituto de medicina traslacional, trasplante y bioingeniería (IMeTTyB-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Lombardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Andreis
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giada De Lazzari
- Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy; Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Troisio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", Padua, Italy; Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Li X, Ji LJ, Feng KD, Huang H, Liang MR, Cheng SJ, Meng XD. Emerging role of exosomes in ulcerative colitis: Targeting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:527-541. [PMID: 38463022 PMCID: PMC10921143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i6.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of UC, its pathogenesis is yet unelucidated, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies for patients with UC. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane particles that mediate intercellular communication by carrying various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, RNAs, DNA, and metabolites. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytosolic tripartite protein complex whose activation induces the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, triggering the inflammatory response to a pathogenic agent or injury. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are new modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with vital roles in the pathological process of UC. Here, recent evidence is reviewed on the role of exosomes and NLRP3 inflammasome in UC. First, the dual role of exosomes on NLRP3 inflammasome and the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on exosome secretion are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the directions of exosome-NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk research in the context of UC is proposed and areas of further research on this topic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li-Jiang Ji
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Di Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Rou Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shi-Jin Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiu-Dong Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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Xiong Y, Lou P, Xu C, Han B, Liu J, Gao J. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in veterinary practice: novel opportunities and potential challenges. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1335107. [PMID: 38332755 PMCID: PMC10850357 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1335107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanoscale vesicles that transport signals between cells, mediating both physiological and pathological processes. EVs facilitate conserved intercellular communication. By transferring bioactive molecules between cells, EVs coordinate systemic responses, regulating homeostasis, immunity, and disease progression. Given their biological importance and involvement in pathogenesis, EVs show promise as biomarkers for veterinary diagnosis, and candidates for vaccine production, and treatment agents. Additionally, different treatment or engineering methods could be used to boost the capability of extracellular vesicles. Despite the emerging veterinary interest, EV research has been predominantly human-based. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding isolation protocols, cargo loading mechanisms, in vivo biodistribution, and species-specific functions. Standardized methods for veterinary EV characterization and validation are lacking. Regulatory uncertainties impede veterinary clinical translation. Advances in fundamental EV biology and technology are needed to propel the veterinary field forward. This review introduces EVs from a veterinary perspective by introducing the latest studies, highlighting their potential while analyzing challenges to motivate expanded veterinary investigation and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Xiong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Ardekani ZM, Lorenzo-Leal AL, Bach H. Nanomedicine-mediated drug delivery for potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:163-179. [PMID: 38284393 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as either Crohn's disease (CrD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Current treatment options for CrD and UC primarily focus on symptom management. In recent years, advancements in nanotechnology have increased the clinical applicability of nanoparticles (NPs) in treating IBD. This review explores the current research on NP-mediated drug-delivery systems for IBD treatment and assesses its advantages and limitations. Results: The authors examine diverse nanomedicine applications for IBD and address the current challenges and prospects in the field to advance nanomediated therapies in the future. Conclusion: Innovative NP-based treatment strategies promise a reliable and effective approach to IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Majdzadeh Ardekani
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Ana L Lorenzo-Leal
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Horacio Bach
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
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Liu J, Ren H, Zhang C, Li J, Qiu Q, Zhang N, Jiang N, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Orally-Delivered, Cytokine-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304023. [PMID: 37728188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of orally-administered therapeutic proteins for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and low bioavailability that affects delivery to diseased sites. Here, a nested delivery system, termed Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) that protects interleukin 10 (IL-10) from degradation in the stomach and enables targeted delivery of IL-10 to inflammatory macrophages infiltrating the colonic lamina propria, is reported. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying IL-10 are designed to be secreted from genetically engineered mammalian cells by a plasmid system, and EVs are subsequently modified with galactose, endowing the targeted IL-10 delivery to inflammatory macrophages. Chitosan/alginate (C/A) hydrogel coating on Gal-IL10-EVs enables protection from harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and favorable delivery to the colonic lumen, where the C/A hydrogel coating is removed at the diseased sites. Gal-IL10-EVs control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In a murine model of colitis, Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) alleviate IBD symptoms including inflammatory responses and disrupt colonic barriers. Taken together, Gal-IL10-EVs (C/A) features biocompatibility, pH-responsive drug release, and macrophage-targeting as a therapeutic platform for oral delivery of bioactive proteins for treating intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - He Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Lee ES, Ko H, Kim CH, Kim HC, Choi SK, Jeong SW, Lee SG, Lee SJ, Na HK, Park JH, Shin JM. Disease-microenvironment modulation by bare- or engineered-exosome for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Biomater Res 2023; 27:81. [PMID: 37635253 PMCID: PMC10464174 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and have been extensively studied for their surface markers and internal cargo with unique functions. A deeper understanding of exosomes has allowed their application in various research areas, particularly in diagnostics and therapy. MAIN BODY Exosomes have great potential as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for encapsulating therapeutic cargo. However, the limitations of bare exosomes, such as rapid phagocytic clearance and non-specific biodistribution after injection, pose significant challenges to their application as drug delivery systems. This review focuses on exosome-based drug delivery for treating rheumatoid arthritis, emphasizing pre/post-engineering approaches to overcome these challenges. CONCLUSION This review will serve as an essential resource for future studies to develop novel exosome-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, the review highlights the potential of exosomes as a promising therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Jeong
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Guen Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Na
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
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Chen L, Ou Q, Kou X. Extracellular vesicles and their indispensable roles in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 327:121830. [PMID: 37286163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with rising incidence worldwide, and its debilitating symptoms and dissatisfactory therapies have brought heavy burdens for patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membranes containing abundant bioactive molecules, have been indicated to play important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. However, to our knowledge, comprehensive reviews summarizing the various roles of diverse source-derived EVs in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD are still lacking. This review, not only summarizes the EV characteristics, but also focuses on the multiple roles of diverse EVs in IBD pathogenesis and their treatment potential. In addition, hoping to push forward the research frontiers, we point out several challenges that the researchers are faced, about EVs in current IBD research and future therapeutic applications. We also put forward our prospects on future exploration regarding EVs in IBD treatment, including developing IBD vaccines and paying more attention on apoptotic vesicles. This review is aimed to enrich the knowledge on the indispensable roles of EVs in IBD pathogenesis and treatment, providing ideas and reference for future therapeutic strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianmin Ou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
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Wang C, Xu M, Fan Q, Li C, Zhou X. Therapeutic potential of exosome-based personalized delivery platform in chronic inflammatory diseases. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100772. [PMID: 36896446 PMCID: PMC9989662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the inflammatory microenvironment, there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells (Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelets as intercellular communicators, which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors. Due to their good biocompatibility, accurate targeting, low toxicity and immunogenicity, these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors. Therefore, the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention. Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification, isolation, modification and drug loading. More importantly, we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), atherosclerosis (AS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Maochang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qingze Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Luo D, Zeng J, Guan J, Xu Y, Jia RB, Chen J, Jiang G, Zhou C. Dietary Supplement of Amomum villosum Lour. Polysaccharide Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223737. [PMID: 36429334 PMCID: PMC9689959 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum villosum Lour. (A. villosum), a comestible medicinal plant, has been traditionally used in China to treat diarrhea, stomach fullness, and abdominal distension. Polysaccharide, the main chemical component of A. villosum, has been shown to possess potential antioxidant and glycosidase inhibitory activities; however, whether it has anticolitis activity is unknown. The aim of this research was to evaluate the anticolitis effects of A. villosum polysaccharide (AVLP) in BALB/c mice. The results showed that AVLP administration significantly reversed body weight loss, colon shortening and colon weight gain and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colitis mice (p < 0.05). AVLP administration also maintained intestinal barrier function by the upregulation of ZO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AVLP possessed a great regulatory effect on the growth of Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, and Alistipes (p < 0.05, LDA score > 2). The correlation analysis revealed that the protective effects against colitis of AVLP were highly correlated with intestinal bacterium regulation. These results suggest that AVLP intake could serve as a prospective nutritional strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Guili Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
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12
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Li DF, Yang MF, Xu J, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Liang YJ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Shi RY, Wang LS, Yao J. Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation Theranostic Nanomedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3893-3911. [PMID: 36092245 PMCID: PMC9462519 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s370784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As natural nanocarriers, EVs such as exosomes, exosome-like nanoparticles and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have unique structure/composition/morphology characteristics, and show excellent physical and chemical/biochemical properties, making them a new generation of theranostic nanomedicine. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of EVs from the perspective of their formation and biological function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, EVs can crucially participate in the interaction and communication of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-immune cells-gut microbiota to regulate immune response, intestinal inflammation and intestinal homeostasis. Interestingly, based on current representative examples in the field of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles for IBD treatment, it is shown that plant, milk, and cells-derived exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles can exert a therapeutic effect through their components, such as proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. Moreover, several drug loading methods and target modification of exosomes are used to improve their therapeutic capability. We also discussed the application of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles in the treatment of IBD. In this review, we aim to better and more clearly clarify the underlying mechanisms of the EVs in the pathogenesis of IBD, and provide directions of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles mediated for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wu X, Xu X, Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Yue G, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:163. [PMID: 36045437 PMCID: PMC9429695 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing RNA and proteins that are specifically secreted in vivo. Exosomes have many functions, such as material transport and signal transduction between cells. Many studies have proven that exosomes can not only be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also as carriers to transmit information between cells. Exosomes participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumour development. Differences in exosome functions depend on cell type. In recent years, exosome origin, cargo composition, and precise regulatory mechanisms have been the focus of research. Although exosomes have been extensively reported in digestive tumours, few articles have reviewed their roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, especially inflammatory-related diseases (such as reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and pancreatitis). This paper briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system to provide a basis for research on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system targeted by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiming An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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14
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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15
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Elashiry M, Elsayed R, Cutler CW. Exogenous and Endogenous Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes: Lessons Learned for Immunotherapy and Disease Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010115. [PMID: 35011677 PMCID: PMC8750541 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapeutic exosomes, derived exogenously from dendritic cells (DCs), the 'directors' of the immune response, are receiving favorable safety and tolerance profiles in phase I and II clinical trials for a growing number of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. DC-derived exosomes (EXO), the focus of this review, can be custom tailored with immunoregulatory or immunostimulatory molecules for specific immune cell targeting. Moreover, the relative stability, small size and rapid uptake of EXO by recipient immune cells offer intriguing options for therapeutic purposes. This necessitates an in-depth understanding of mechanisms of EXO biogenesis, uptake and routing by recipient immune cells, as well as their in vivo biodistribution. Against this backdrop is recognition of endogenous exosomes, secreted by all cells, the molecular content of which is reflective of the metabolic state of these cells. In this regard, exosome biogenesis and secretion is regulated by cell stressors of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, including dysbiotic microbes, reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Such cell stressors can promote premature senescence in young cells through the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pathological exosomes of the SASP amplify inflammatory signaling in stressed cells in an autocrine fashion or promote inflammatory signaling to normal neighboring cells in paracrine, without the requirement of cell-to-cell contact. In summary, we review relevant lessons learned from the use of exogenous DC exosomes for immune therapy, as well as the pathogenic potential of endogenous DC exosomes.
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16
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Cai Z, Wang S, Li J. Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:765474. [PMID: 34988090 PMCID: PMC8720971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.765474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a global disease, has attracted much research interest. Constant research has led to a better understanding of the disease condition and further promoted its management. We here reviewed the conventional and the novel drugs and therapies, as well as the potential ones, which have shown promise in preclinical studies and are likely to be effective future therapies. The conventional treatments aim at controlling symptoms through pharmacotherapy, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, with other general measures and/or surgical resection if necessary. However, a considerable fraction of patients do not respond to available treatments or lose response, which calls for new therapeutic strategies. Diverse therapeutic options are emerging, involving small molecules, apheresis therapy, improved intestinal microecology, cell therapy, and exosome therapy. In addition, patient education partly upgrades the efficacy of IBD treatment. Recent advances in the management of IBD have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment goals, from targeting symptom-free daily life to shooting for mucosal healing. In this review, the latest progress in IBD treatment is summarized to understand the advantages, pitfalls, and research prospects of different drugs and therapies and to provide a basis for the clinical decision and further research of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobei Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Dosing extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113961. [PMID: 34481030 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles containing biologically active molecules. They are important mediators of intercellular communication and can be exploited therapeutically by various bioengineering approaches. To accurately determine the therapeutic potential of EVs in pre-clinical and clinical settings, dependable dosing strategies are of utmost importance. However, the field suffers from inconsistencies comprising all areas of EV production and characterisation. Therefore, a standardised and well-defined process in EV quantification, key to reliable therapeutic EV dosing, remains to be established. Here, we examined 64 pre-clinical studies for EV-based therapeutics with respect to their applied EV dosing strategies. We identified variations in effective dosing strategies irrespective of the applied EV purification method and cell source. Moreover, we found dose discrepancies depending on the disease model, where EV doses were selected without accounting for published EV pharmacokinetics or biodistribution patterns. We therefore propose to focus on qualitative aspects when dosing EV-based therapeutics, such as the potency of the therapeutic cargo entity. This will ensure batch-to-batch reliability and enhance reproducibility between applications. Furthermore, it will allow for the successful benchmarking of EV-based therapeutics compared to other nanoparticle drug delivery systems, such as viral vector-based or lipid-based nanoparticle approaches.
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18
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Hodge AL, Baxter AA, Poon IKH. Gift bags from the sentinel cells of the immune system: The diverse role of dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:903-920. [PMID: 34699107 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1220-801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs of the immune system that continuously sample their environment and function to stimulate an adaptive immune response by initiating Ag-specific immunity or tolerance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane-bound structures, are released from DCs and have been discovered to harbor functional peptide-MHC complexes, T cell costimulatory molecules, and other molecules essential for Ag presentation, immune cell regulation, and stimulating immune responses. As such, DC-derived EVs are being explored as potential immunotherapeutic agents. DC-derived EVs have also been implicated to function as a trafficking mechanism of infectious particles aiding viral propagation. This review will explore the unique features that enable DC-derived EVs to regulate immune responses and interact with recipient cells, their roles within Ag-presentation and disease settings, as well as speculating on a potential immunological role of apoptotic DC-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hodge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy A Baxter
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Exosomes as a New Delivery Vehicle in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101644. [PMID: 34683937 PMCID: PMC8539337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic relapsing inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is still unclear, which may involve environmental factors, genetic factors, intestinal microbiota disorder, and abnormal immune responses. Exosomes (30–150 nm) are found in various body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and regulate cell biological activity by carrying non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids. There is evidence that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. In view of the important roles of exosomes in the pathogenesis of IBD, this work systematically reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in IBD, especially the roles of exosomes as non-coding RNA delivery systems in the pathogenesis of IBD, including a disordered immune response, barrier function, and intestinal microbiota. The review will help to clarify the pathogenesis of IBD and explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with IBD.
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20
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Wang H, Ye C, Wu Y, Yang P, Chen C, Liu Z, Wang X. Exosomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Have We Learned So Far? Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1448-1455. [PMID: 32342815 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200428102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Although the etiology is uncertain, there is marked disbalance of mucosal immune responses in part shaped by genetic susceptibility and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Suppressing inflammatory activity adequately and maintaining this suppression are the main goals of current therapies. However, corticosteroids are only suitable for therapy of active disease, and the effects of immunosuppressive agents are mainly limited to maintenance of remission. Biologics have become widely available and provide therapeutic benefits to IBD patients. However, only a part of patients benefits from them. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new substances in the therapy of IBD. Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles identified recently. They are secreted from all living cells and then distributed in various human body fluids. The components, such as microRNAs and functional proteins, secreted by exosomes in different cells have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Therefore, exosomes have the potential to become appealing particles in treating IBD as a cell-free therapeutic approach as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring disease status. Further studies are needed to investigate the practicality, safety and desirable effects of exosomes in clinical applications in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Pengyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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21
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Zhao F, Zheng T, Gong W, Wu J, Xie H, Li W, Zhang R, Liu P, Liu J, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Extracellular vesicles package dsDNA to aggravate Crohn's disease by activating the STING pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:815. [PMID: 34453041 PMCID: PMC8397775 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an intestinal immune-dysfunctional disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles full of functional molecules, e.g., nuclear acids. Recently, EVs have been shown to participate in the development of CD by realizing intercellular communication among intestinal cells. However, the role of EVs carrying double-strand DNA (dsDNA) shed from sites of intestinal inflammation in CD has not been investigated. Here we isolated EVs from the plasma or colon lavage of murine colitis and CD patients. The level of exosomal dsDNA, including mtDNA and nDNA, significantly increased in murine colitis and active human CD, and was positively correlated with the disease activity. Moreover, the activation of the STING pathway was verified in CD. EVs from the plasma of active human CD triggered STING activation in macrophages in vitro. EVs from LPS-damaged colon epithelial cells were also shown to raise inflammation in macrophages via activating the STING pathway, but the effect disappeared after the removal of exosomal dsDNA. These findings were further confirmed in STING-deficient mice and macrophages. STING deficiency significantly ameliorated colitis. Besides, potential therapeutic effects of GW4869, an inhibitor of EVs release were assessed. The application of GW4869 successfully ameliorated murine colitis by inhibiting STING activation. In conclusion, exosomal dsDNA was found to promote intestinal inflammation via activating the STING pathway in macrophages and act as a potential mechanistic biomarker and therapeutic target of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Xie
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhao Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhan Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Escudé Martinez de Castilla P, Tong L, Huang C, Sofias AM, Pastorin G, Chen X, Storm G, Schiffelers RM, Wang JW. Extracellular vesicles as a drug delivery system: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113801. [PMID: 34015418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive drug delivery system. Here, we assess their pre-clinical applications, in the form of a systematic review. For each study published in the past decade, disease models, animal species, EV donor cell types, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), EV surface modifications, API loading methods, EV size and charge, estimation of EV purity, presence of biodistribution studies and administration routes were quantitatively analyzed in a defined and reproducible way. We have interpreted the trends we observe over the past decade, to define the niches where to apply EVs for drug delivery in the future and to provide a basis for regulatory guidelines.
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Hartwig O, Shetab Boushehri MA, Shalaby KS, Loretz B, Lamprecht A, Lehr CM. Drug delivery to the inflamed intestinal mucosa - targeting technologies and human cell culture models for better therapies of IBD. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113828. [PMID: 34157320 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seek to alleviate the undesirable symptoms of the disorder. Despite the higher specificity of newer generation therapeutics, e.g. monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects still arise from their interference with non-specific systemic immune cascades. To circumvent such undesirable effects, both conventional and newer therapeutic options can benefit from various targeting strategies. Of course, both the development and the assessment of the efficiency of such targeted delivery systems necessitate the use of suitable in vivo and in vitro models representing relevant pathophysiological manifestations of the disorder. Accordingly, the current review seeks to provide a comprehensive discussion of the available preclinical models with emphasis on human in vitro models of IBD, along with their potentials and limitations. This is followed by an elaboration on the advancements in the field of biology- and nanotechnology-based targeted drug delivery systems and the potential rooms for improvement to facilitate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Karim S Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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24
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Shen Q, Huang Z, Yao J, Jin Y. Extracellular vesicles-mediated interaction within intestinal microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2021; 37:221-233. [PMID: 35499059 PMCID: PMC9039646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EVs derived from different sources play modulatory functions in the intestine, especially interaction associated with microbiota. An EV-mediated interaction system was established to describe the possible mechanism of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. EVs-based treatments show great potential of clinical applications in IBD diagnosis and therapy.
Background The intestinal tract is a complicated ecosystem with dynamic homeostasis via interaction of intestine and microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic intestinal inflammation involving dysbiosis of intestinal microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as vital characteristics of cell–cell and cell-organism communication, contribute to homeostasis in intestine. Recently, EVs showed excellent potential for clinical applications in disease diagnoses and therapies. Aim of Review Our current review discusses the modulatory functions of EVs derived from different sources in intestine, especially their effects and applications in IBD clinical therapy. EV-mediated interaction systems between host intestine and microbiota were established to describe possible mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. Key Scientific Concepts of Review EVs are excellent vehicles for delivering molecules containing genetic information to recipient cells. Multiple pieces of evidence have illustrated that EVs participate the interaction between host and microbiota in intestinal microenvironment. In inflammatory intestine with dysbiosis of microbiota, EVs as regulators target promoting immune response and microbial reconstruction. EVs-based immunotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhuizui Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiachen Yao
- Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Corresponding author at: 18, Chaowang Road, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Pelissier Vatter FA, Cioffi M, Hanna SJ, Castarede I, Caielli S, Pascual V, Matei I, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicle- and particle-mediated communication shapes innate and adaptive immune responses. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212439. [PMID: 34180950 PMCID: PMC8241538 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication among immune cells is vital for the coordination of proper immune responses. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) act as messengers in intercellular communication, with important consequences for target cell and organ physiology in both health and disease. Under normal physiological conditions, immune cell-derived EVPs participate in immune responses by regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. EVPs play a major role in antigen presentation and immune activation. On the other hand, immune cell-derived EVPs exert immunosuppressive and regulatory effects. Consequently, EVPs may contribute to pathological conditions, such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, graft rejection, and cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the role of EVPs in immune homeostasis and pathophysiology, with a particular focus on their contribution to innate and adaptive immunity and their potential use for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Pelissier Vatter
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Samer J Hanna
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ines Castarede
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Caielli
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Elashiry M, Morandini AC, Cornelius Timothius CJ, Ghaly M, Cutler CW. Selective Antimicrobial Therapies for Periodontitis: Win the "Battle and the War". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126459. [PMID: 34208697 PMCID: PMC8235535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antimicrobial therapies for periodontitis (PD) have long focused on non-selective and direct approaches. Professional cleaning of the subgingival biofilm by instrumentation of dental root surfaces, known as scaling and root planning (SRP), is the mainstay of periodontal therapy and is indisputably effective. Non-physical approaches used as adjuncts to SRP, such as chemical and biological agents, will be the focus of this review. In this regard, traditional agents such as oral antiseptics and antibiotics, delivered either locally or systemically, were briefly reviewed as a backdrop. While generally effective in winning the “battle” against PD in the short term, by reducing its signs and symptoms, patients receiving such therapies are more susceptible to recurrence of PD. Moreover, the long-term consequences of such therapies are still in question. In particular, concern about chronic use of systemic antibiotics and their influence on the oral and gut microbiota is warranted, considering antibiotic resistance plasmids, and potential transfer between oral and non-oral microbes. In the interest of winning the “battle and the war”, new more selective and targeted antimicrobials and biologics for PD are being studied. These are principally indirect, blocking pathways involved in bacterial colonization, nutrient acquisition, inflammation or cellular invasion without directly killing the pathogens. This review will focus on current and prospective antimicrobial therapies for PD, emphasizing therapies that act indirectly on the microbiota, with clearly defined cellular and molecular targets.
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27
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Ayyar KK, Moss AC. Exosomes in Intestinal Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658505. [PMID: 34177577 PMCID: PMC8220320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–150 nm sized vesicles released by a variety of cells, and are found in most physiological compartments (feces, blood, urine, saliva, breast milk). They can contain different cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a distinct exosome profile can be detected in blood and fecal samples. In addition, circulating exosomes can carry targets on their surface for monoclonal antibodies used as IBD therapy. This review aims to understand the exosome profile in humans and other mammals, the cargo contained in them, the effect of exosomes on the gut, and the application of exosomes in IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana K Ayyar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Valter M, Verstockt S, Finalet Ferreiro JA, Cleynen I. Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Small Particles, Big Players. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:499-510. [PMID: 32905585 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanovesicles released by many cell types into the extracellular space. They are important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of molecules from one cell to another. Moreover, their molecular composition reflects the physiological status of the producing cell and tissue. Consequently, these vesicles have been involved in many [patho]physiological processes such as immunomodulation and intestinal epithelial repair, both key processes involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Given that these vesicles are present in many body fluids, they also provide opportunities for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise functional roles of extracellular vesicles in health and disease, with a focus on immune regulation and intestinal barrier integrity, and review recent studies on extracellular vesicles and inflammatory bowel disease. We also elaborate on their clinical potential in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valter
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Verstockt
- Translational Research center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Finalet Ferreiro
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Cleynen
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Wani S, Man Law IK, Pothoulakis C. Role and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in IBD pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G646-G654. [PMID: 33026230 PMCID: PMC7792667 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00295.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes represent secretory membranous vesicles used for the information exchange between cells and organ-to-organ communication. Exosome crosstalk mechanisms are involved in the regulation of several inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated pathophysiological intestinal processes such as barrier function, immune responses, and intestinal flora. Functional biomolecules, mainly noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are believed to be transmitted between the mammalian cells via exosomes that likely play important roles in cell-to-cell communication, both locally and systemically. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in exosomes have generated substantial interest because of their critical roles in multiple pathophysiological processes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs are implicated in the gut health. MiRNAs are selectively and actively loaded into the exosomes and then transferred to the target recipient cell where they manipulate cell function through posttranscriptional silencing of target genes. Intriguingly, miRNA profile of exosomes differs from their cellular counterparts suggesting an active sorting and packaging mechanism of exosomal miRNAs. Even more exciting is the involvement of posttranscriptional modifications in the specific loading of miRNAs into exosomes, but the underlying mechanisms of how these modifications direct ncRNA sorting have not been established. This review gives a brief overview of the status of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in IBD and also discusses potential mechanisms of exosomal miRNA sorting and delivering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Wani
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivy Ka Man Law
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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30
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Ocansey DKW, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1287-1307. [PMID: 32410383 PMCID: PMC7540363 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut mucosal barriers, including chemical and physical barriers, spatially separate the gut microbiota from the host immune system to prevent unwanted immune responses that could lead to intestinal inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is mucosal barrier dysfunction coupled with immune dysregulation and dysbiosis. The discovery of exosomes as regulators of vital functions in both physiological and pathological processes has generated much research interest. Interestingly, exosomes not only serve as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of functional RNAs, proteins, and synthetic drugs or molecules, but also show potential for clinical applications in tissue repair and regeneration as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Biological or chemical modification of exosomes can broaden, change and enhance their therapeutic capability. We review the modulatory effects of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids on IBD components such as immune cells, the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Mechanisms involved in regulating these factors towards attenuating IBD have been explored in several studies employing exosomes derived from different sources. We discuss the potential utility of exosomes as diagnostic markers and drug delivery systems, as well as the application of modified exosomes in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson K. W. Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMBCape CoastGhana
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu211200China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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31
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Wang G, Yuan J, Cai X, Xu Z, Wang J, Ocansey DKW, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. HucMSC-exosomes carrying miR-326 inhibit neddylation to relieve inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e113. [PMID: 32564521 PMCID: PMC7403704 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic intestinal inflammation that is a risk factor for many gastrointestinal cancers. Exosomes are gradually gaining attention as an emerging treatment method for IBD due to their important biological characteristics. NF‐κB is an important pro‐inflammatory transcription factor kept inactive by IκB protein in the cytoplasm by masking the nuclear localization signal of NF‐κB. The deterioration of IκB is mainly ubiquitination, and this depends on neddylation. Methods In this study, we established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced IBD model in BABL/C mice to evaluate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (hucMSC‐exosomes, hucMSC‐Ex) on the repair of IBD. At the same time, human colorectal mucosa cells (FHC) were stimulated by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in vitro to activate the inflammatory environment to study the mechanism of hucMSC‐Ex regulating neddylation. The microRNA (miRNA) obtained by sequencing and transfection with hucMSC‐Ex was used to verify the role of miR‐326/neddylation/IκB/NF‐κB signaling pathway in IBD repair. Results HucMSC‐Ex inhibited the process of neddylation in relieving DSS‐induced IBD in mice. The binding of NEDD8 (neural precursor cell‐expressed, developmentally downregulated gene 8) to cullin 1 and the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway were suppressed along with reduced expression levels of neddylation‐related enzyme molecules. The same phenomenon was observed in FHC cells. The miRNA comparison results showed that miR‐326 was highly expressed in hucMSC‐Ex and played an important role in inhibiting the neddylation process. The therapeutic effect of hucMSC‐Ex with high expression of miR‐326 on IBD mice was significantly stronger than that of ordinary hucMSC‐Ex. Conclusions HucMSC‐Ex relieves DSS‐induced IBD in a mouse model by inhibiting neddylation through miR‐326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dickson K W Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Larabi A, Barnich N, Nguyen HTT. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051111. [PMID: 32365813 PMCID: PMC7290936 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To communicate with each other, cells release exosomes that transfer their composition, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, to neighboring cells, thus playing a role in various pathophysiological processes. During an infection with pathogenic bacteria, such as adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn disease, exosomes secreted by infected cells can have an impact on the innate immune responses of surrounding cells to infection. Furthermore, inflammation can be amplified via the exosomal shuttle during infection with pathogenic bacteria, which could contribute to the development of the associated disease. Since these vesicles can be released in various biological fluids, changes in exosomal content may provide a means for the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases. Moreover, evidence suggests that exosomes could be used as vaccines to prime the immune system to recognize and kill invading pathogens, and as therapeutic components relieving intestinal inflammation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomes in bacterial infections and highlight their potential use as biomarkers, vaccines and conveyers of therapeutic molecules in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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33
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Approaches to inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance in allergy and autoimmunity: Focus on antigen-presenting cells and extracellular vesicles. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12881. [PMID: 32243636 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases urges clinicians and researchers to search for new and efficient treatments. Strategies that activate antigen-specific immune tolerance and simultaneously maintain immune reactivity to all other antigens deserve special attention. Accordingly, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) seem to be the best suited for orchestrating these mechanisms by directing T cell immune responses towards a tolerant subtype. Recent advances in understanding cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) make the latter promising candidates for reprogramming APCs towards a tolerant phenotype, and for mediating tolerogenic APC function. Thus, comprehensive studies have been undertaken to describe the interactions of APCs and EVs naturally occurring during immune tolerance induction, as well as to develop EV-based manoeuvres enabling the induction of immune tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant studies, with a special emphasis on future perspectives on their translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
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34
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Extracellular Vesicles with Possible Roles in Gut Intestinal Tract Homeostasis and IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1945832. [PMID: 32410847 PMCID: PMC7201673 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1945832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract consists of various types of cells, such as epithelial cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, which constitute the intestinal immune system and play a significant role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by producing antimicrobial materials and controlling the host-commensal balance. Various studies have found that the dysfunction of intestinal homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a novel mediator, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as effective communicators, not only between cells but also between cells and the organism. In recent years, EVs have been regarded as vital characters for dysregulated homeostasis and IBD in either the etiology or the pathology of intestinal inflammation. Here, we review recent studies on EVs associated with intestinal homeostasis and IBD and discuss their source, cargo, and origin, as well as their therapeutic effects on IBD, which mainly include artificial nanoparticles and EVs derived from microorganisms.
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35
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Bakirtzi K, Man Law IK, Fang K, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C. MiR-21 in Substance P-induced exosomes promotes cell proliferation and migration in human colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G802-G810. [PMID: 31545921 PMCID: PMC6957364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication via their specialized molecular cargo, such as miRNAs. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide/hormone, and its high-affinity receptor, NK-1R, are highly expressed during colonic inflammation. Our previous studies show that SP/NK-1R signaling stimulates differential miRNA expression and promotes colonic epithelial cell proliferation. In this study, we examined whether SP/NK-1R signaling regulates exosome biogenesis and exosome-miRNA cargo sorting. Moreover, we examined the role of SP/NK-1R signaling in exosome-regulated cell proliferation and migration. Exosomes produced by human colonic NCM460 epithelial cells overexpressing NK-1R (NCM460-NK1R) were isolated from culture media. Exosome abundance and uptake were assessed by Western blot analysis (abundance) and Exo-Green fluorescence microscopy (abundance and uptake). Cargo-miRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using xCELLigence technology. Colonic epithelial exosomes were isolated from mice pretreated with SP for 3 days. Cell proliferation in vivo was assessed by Ki-67 staining. SP/NK-1R signaling in human colonic epithelial cells (in vitro) and mouse colons (in vivo) increased 1) exosome production, 2) the level of fluorescence in NCM460s treated with Exo-Green-labeled exosomes, and 3) the level of miR-21 in exosome cargo. Moreover, our results showed that SP/NK-1R-induced cell proliferation and migration are at least in part dependent on intercellular communication via exosomal miR-21 in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that SP/NK-1R signaling regulates exosome biogenesis and induces its miR-21 cargo sorting. Moreover, exosomal miR-21 promotes proliferation and migration of target cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Substance P signaling regulates exosome production in human colonic epithelial cells and colonic crypts in wild-type mice. MiR-21 is selectively sorted into exosomes induced by Substance P stimulation and promotes cell proliferation and migration in human colonocytes and mouse colonic crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Bakirtzi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivy Ka Man Law
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kai Fang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Yang R, Liao Y, Wang L, He P, Hu Y, Yuan D, Wu Z, Sun X. Exosomes Derived From M2b Macrophages Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2346. [PMID: 31749791 PMCID: PMC6843072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. The M2 macrophages are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d subtypes. The M2a, M2b, and M2c subtypes play roles in anti-inflammatory activity, tissue remodeling, type 2 T helper cell (Th2) activation, and immunoregulation. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can affect some disease processes. Exosomes are 30-150-nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells, with important biological functions. The role of exosomes in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has evoked increasing interest. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophage phenotypes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of different types of macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and NanoSight. The results showed that M2b macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleens of mice with colitis and levels of IL-4 both increased following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. In addition, key cytokines associated with colitis (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A) were significantly suppressed, following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. The M2b macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on DSS-induced colitis, mainly mediated by the CC chemokine 1 (CCL1)/CCR8 axis. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Yang
- Medical Department of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic Research in Life Sciences, Institutions of Higher Learning, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Medical Department of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic Research in Life Sciences, Institutions of Higher Learning, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Medical Department of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic Research in Life Sciences, Institutions of Higher Learning, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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Silva I, Pinto R, Mateus V. Preclinical Study in Vivo for New Pharmacological Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Chronic Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101574. [PMID: 31581545 PMCID: PMC6832474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical studies in vivo provide means of characterizing physiologic interactions when our understanding of such processes is insufficient to allow replacement with in vitro systems and play a pivotal role in the development of a novel therapeutic drug cure. Chemically induced colitis models are relatively easy and rapid to develop. The 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis model is one of the main models in the experimental studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) since inflammation induced by TNBS mimics several features of Crohn’s disease. This review aims to summarize the existing literature and discuss different protocols for the induction of chronic model of TNBS-induced colitis. We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed platform for studies published through December 2018, using MeSH terms (Crohn Disease.kw) OR (Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.kw) OR (Colitis, Ulcerative.kw) AND (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.kw) AND (disease models, animal.kw) AND (mice.all). The inclusion criteria were original articles, preclinical studies in vivo using mice, chronic model of colitis, and TNBS as the inducer of colitis and articles published in English. Chronic TNBS-induced colitis is made with multiple TNBS intrarectal administrations in an average dose of 1.2 mg using a volume lower than 150 μL in 50% ethanol. The strains mostly used are Balb/c and C57BL/6 with 5–6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers like interferon (IFN)-γ, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of the inflammation. Experimental chronic colitis is induced by multiple rectal instillations of TNBS increasing doses in ethanol using Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Silva
- H&TRC–Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL–Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rui Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- JCS, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Miraflores, 1495-069 Algés, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Mateus
- H&TRC–Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL–Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-218-980-400; Fax: +351-218-980-460
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Zhang H, Wang L, Li C, Yu Y, Yi Y, Wang J, Chen D. Exosome-Induced Regulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1464. [PMID: 31316512 PMCID: PMC6611439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An exosome (30-150 nm size) is a cell-derived vesicle. Exosome-induced regulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly popular due to their potential functions of exosomal pathways. Exosomes, which are involved in the regulation of IBD, can be released from various cell types, or found in many physiological fluids, and plants. The specific functions of exosomes in IBD primarily depend on the internal functional components, including RNAs, proteins, and other substances. However, exosome-induced transport mechanisms involving cell-cell communications or cell-environment interactions are also very important. Recent studies have revealed that exosome crosstalk mechanisms may influence major IBD-related pathways, such as immune responses, barrier functions, and intestinal flora. This review highlights the advancements in the biology of exosome secretions and their regulation in IBD. The functional roles of exosomal components, including nucleic acids, proteins, and some other components, are the main focus of this review. More animal and clinical research is needed to study the functions of exosomes on IBD. Designing new drug dosage form using exosome-like-structure may provide new insights into IBD treatment. This review suggests a potential significance for exosomes in IBD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanlin Yi
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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39
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Xu H, Jia S, Xu H. Potential therapeutic applications of exosomes in different autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2019; 205:116-124. [PMID: 31228581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by self-immune responses to autoantigens, which damage body tissues and severely affect the patient's quality of life. Therapeutic drugs are associated with adverse side effects and their beneficial effects are limited to specific populations. Evidence indicates that exosomes which are small vesicles secreted by most cell types and body fluids, and may play roles in both immune stimulation and tolerance since they are involved in many processes such as immune signaling, inflammation and angiogenesis. Exosomes have also emerged as promising tools for therapeutic delivery, given their intrinsic features such as stability, biocompatibility and a capacity for stealth. In this review, we summarize existing literature regarding the production, efficacy, action mechanism, and potential therapeutic uses of exosomes in the contexts of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaochang Jia
- Department of Bio-Treatment, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Meng J, Zhang L, Ramkrishnan S, Roy S. Extracellular Vesicles with Exosome-like Features Transfer TLRs between Dendritic Cells. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:186-193. [PMID: 31356164 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by immune cells play an important role in intercellular communication. In the current report, we show that EVs released from wild-type bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) transfer TLRs to TLR4-knockout (TLR4KO) BMDCs and increase cellular responsiveness to LPS in recipient cells. The transferred EVs have exosomal characteristics and induce the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways in recipient cells. We further show that BMDC-derived EVs can promote LPS-induced inflammation in TLR4KO mice in vivo. These results indicate that functional TLR4 can be transferred from wild-type to TLR4KO BMDCs through exosome-like EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101; and
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101; and
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101; and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sundaram Ramkrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101; and
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101; and
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41
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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42
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Baghaei K, Tokhanbigli S, Asadzadeh H, Nmaki S, Reza Zali M, Hashemi SM. Exosomes as a novel cell‐free therapeutic approach in gastrointestinal diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9910-9926. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nmaki
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Gadolinium chloride attenuates acetic acid-evoked colitis in mice by reducing neutrophil infiltration and pro-oxidative enzyme activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:299-311. [PMID: 30483861 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), an inhibitor of kupffer cells on the myeloperoxidase (MPO) function, both in vivo on colon inflammation model and in vitro on thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal neutrophils. Colon inflammation was induced in mice (n = 7) by 4% acetic acid (AA) enema. GdCl3 (10 mg/kg) treatment was given 24 h before AA challenge. Clinical changes during the protocol were scored. Colons were segmented into distal and proximal parts for histological and biochemical assessment. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes were extracted and analyzed by western blot. Short-term GdCl3 treatment inhibited dose-dependently superoxide anion (O2·-), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and MPO release and promoted neutrophil apoptosis. In vivo, low-dose GdCl3 improved colitis scores and inhibited acute phagocyte recruitment and colon damage within the mucosa as revealed by the decrease in MPO, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. At the same time, GdCl3 restored catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, thus reversing the MDA/GSH ratio in both distal and proximal colons. Compared to proximal, distal colon was more altered and displayed higher pathological manifestations. Lastly, the induction of apoptosis and regulation of the major nitrosative and oxidative functions of neutrophils by GdCl3 suggests its consideration as a beneficial tool in attenuating colon inflammation.
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Moulahoum H, Boumaza BMA, Ferrat M, Bounaama A, Djerdjouri B. Arsenic trioxide ameliorates murine colon inflammation through inflammatory cell enzymatic modulation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:259-270. [PMID: 30415273 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a trending subject in recent therapy approaches despite its described toxicity. In this work, we have investigated the use of arsenic trioxide in a murine model of chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease "colitis." Male mice were randomly separated into four different groups. Controls received vehicle, arsenic group had a daily injection of As2O3 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 days. Colitis was induced through intra-rectal instillation of 4% (v/v) solution of acetic acid in the second day. The treatment group (As2O3 + acetic acid) received the same treatment as the two previous groups. Twenty-four hours after colitis challenge, animals were sacrificed and organs (colons, livers, and kidneys) were taken for analysis. Disease-related macroscopic and microscopic symptoms, as well as histologic observations, showed a high index in the colitis group, which was greatly reduced by the As2O3 pretreatment. Similarly, colon length was reduced during colon inflammation, which was prevented in the presence of As2O3. Inflammatory cells and oxidative stress markers significantly increased during inflammation accompanied by a considerable reduction of antioxidants. As2O3 treatment managed to reverse these observations to normal levels. Mitochondrial implication was observed through mPTP opening phenomena and semi-quantitative cell death estimation. Low-dose As2O3 use as a mean of preventing the acute phase of colitis can be seen as an interesting approach which counts as a great addition to IBD available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria. .,Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Belkacem Mohamed Amine Boumaza
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Ferrat
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Bounaama
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bahia Djerdjouri
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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45
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Zhang M, Merlin D. Nanoparticle-Based Oral Drug Delivery Systems Targeting the Colon for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1401-1415. [PMID: 29788186 PMCID: PMC6085987 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
10.1093/ibd/izy123_video1izy123.video15786481867001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Alanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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46
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Lindenbergh MFS, Stoorvogel W. Antigen Presentation by Extracellular Vesicles from Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 36:435-459. [PMID: 29400984 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The initiation and maintenance of adaptive immunity require multifaceted modes of communication between different types of immune cells, including direct intercellular contact, secreted soluble signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs can be formed as microvesicles directly pinched off from the plasma membrane or as exosomes secreted by multivesicular endosomes. Membrane receptors guide EVs to specific target cells, allowing directional transfer of specific and complex signaling cues. EVs are released by most, if not all, immune cells. Depending on the type and status of their originating cell, EVs may facilitate the initiation, expansion, maintenance, or silencing of adaptive immune responses. This review focusses on EVs from professional antigen-presenting cells, their demonstrated and speculated roles, and their potential for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe F S Lindenbergh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Willem Stoorvogel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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47
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Wang J, Faict S, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Extracellular vesicle cross-talk in the bone marrow microenvironment: implications in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38927-38945. [PMID: 26950273 PMCID: PMC5122441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) represents a complex microenvironment containing stromal cells, immune cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic cells, which are crucial for the immune response, bone formation, and hematopoiesis. Apart from soluble factors and direct cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, were recently identified as a third mediator for cell communication. Solid evidence has already demonstrated the involvement of various BM-derived cells and soluble factors in the regulation of multiple biological processes whereas the EV-mediated message delivery system from the BM has just been explored in recent decades. These EVs not only perform physiological functions but can also play a role in cancer development, including in Multiple Myeloma (MM) which is a plasma cell malignancy predominantly localized in the BM. This review will therefore focus on the multiple functions of EVs derived from BM cells, the manipulation of the BM by cancer-derived EVs, and the role of BM EVs in MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Mateus V, Rocha J, Alves P, Mota-Filipe H, Sepodes B, Pinto R. Thiadiazolidinone-8 Ameliorates Inflammation Associated with Experimental Colitis in Mice. Pharmacology 2017; 101:35-42. [PMID: 28965119 DOI: 10.1159/000471808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiadiazolidinone-8 (TDZD-8) is an effective thiadiazolidinone derivate that is able to suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines; it also presents tissue protective actions by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibition, promoting thus an anti-inflammatory effect. Since inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease with reduced quality of life, where currently available therapies are only able to induce or maintain the patient in remission, it is crucial to investigate new pharmacological approaches. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TDZD-8 in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Male CD-1 mice with TNBS-induced colitis were treated with a daily dose of TDZD-8 5 mg/kg/day IP during 4 days. The anti-inflammatory properties of TDZD-8 in the TNBS-induced colitis were confirmed by suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and myeloperoxidase, as well as by the significant increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. These treated mice also presented a reduction in fecal hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase, suggesting a beneficial effect of TDZD-8. Furthermore, renal and hepatic biomarkers remained stabilized after treatment. In conclusion, TDZD-8 reduces the inflammatory response associated with TNBS-induced colitis in mice, and modulation of GSK-3β seems to be an interesting pharmacological target in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mateus
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Wang L, Yu Z, Wan S, Wu F, Chen W, Zhang B, Lin D, Liu J, Xie H, Sun X, Wu Z. Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:651. [PMID: 28959207 PMCID: PMC5603738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–150 nm small membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular medium via cells that function as a mode of intercellular communication. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes modulate immune responses and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, Schistosoma japonicum eggs show modulatory effects in a mouse model of colitis. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes derived from DCs treated with S. japonicum soluble eggs antigen (SEA; SEA-treated DC exosomes) would be useful for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exosomes were purified from the supernatant of DCs treated or untreated with SEA and identified via transmission electron microscopy, western blotting and NanoSight. Acute colitis was induced via the administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (5.0%, wt/vol). Treatment with exosomes was conducted via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.; 50 μg per mouse) from day 0 to day 6. Clinical scores were calculated based on weight loss, stool type, and bleeding. Colon length was measured as an indirect marker of inflammation, and colon macroscopic characteristics were determined. Body weight loss and the disease activity index of DSS-induced colitis mice decreased significantly following treatment with SEA-treated DC exosomes. Moreover, the colon lengths of SEA-treated DC exosomes treated colitis mice improved, and their mean colon macroscopic scores decreased. In addition, histologic examinations and histological scores showed that SEA-treated DC exosomes prevented colon damage in acute DSS-induced colitis mice. These results indicate that SEA-treated DC exosomes attenuate the severity of acute DSS-induced colitis mice more effectively than DC exosomes. The current work suggests that SEA-treated DC exosomes may be useful as a new approach to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wan
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
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50
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Kim SM, Kim HS. Engineering of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:74. [PMID: 29057246 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted membrane-enclosed nano-sized particles (40-1,000 nm) that deliver biological information between cells. The molecular composition of these subcellular particles includes growth factor receptors, ligands adhesion proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, lncRNA and lipids that are derived from donor cells. A number of studies demonstrated that stem cell-derived EVs are the key mediator of tissue repair and regeneration in multiple animal disease models. In addition, the composition of these particles is known to be altered in cancer and disease pathology suggesting them for useful in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Their endogenous origin and biological properties offer benefits over conventional drug delivery systems (DDS), such as liposome, synthetic nanoparticles and prompted the further application of EVs as drug delivery vehicles for chemical drugs, genetic materials and proteins. The contents of EVs can be efficiently modified by chemical, biological or physical means. Thus, EVs can be an innovative DDS as it can overcome physical and biological barriers and safely deliver therapeutic drugs to target tissues. In this minireview, we summarized current progress on the strategies of drug loading onto EVs; ex vivo and in vivo loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Man Kim
- Medical Management Department, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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