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Tsuchiyama T, Ito Y, Taniguchi M, Katsuhara M, Miyazaki H, Kamijima M. Residue levels of organophosphate pesticides and dialkylphosphates in agricultural products in Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116518. [PMID: 37394165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
High urinary levels of dialkylphosphates (DAPs), which are common structures of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), have been associated with several adverse health outcomes in human biomonitoring studies. Previous studies have indicated that dietary OP exposure and ingestion of environmentally degraded DAP, which is inactive with acetylcholinesterase, can lead to an increase in urinary DAP levels in the general population. However, the specific food sources contributing to the intake of OPs and DAPs have not been identified. In this study, we analyzed the levels of OPs and preformed DAPs in various food items. DAP levels were markedly high in certain fruits, such as persimmon, apple juice, kiwi, and mandarin. In contrast, only moderate levels of OPs were detected in these foods. Furthermore, the levels of OPs and DAPs were positively associated with vegetables, whereas no such association was observed in fruits. Increased consumption of certain fruits presumably leads to a marked increase in urinary DAP levels in individuals despite limited exposure to OPs, resulting in reduced reliability of urinary DAPs as a marker of OP exposure. Therefore, the possible effects of dietary habits and the resulting intake of preformed DAPs should be considered when interpreting biomonitoring data of urinary DAPs. Additionally, DAP levels in most organic foods were much lower than those in conventional foods, suggesting that the reduction in urinary DAPs by organic diet intervention may be mainly attributed to the reduced intake of preformed DAPs rather than reduced exposure to OPs. Therefore, urinary DAP levels may not be suitable indicators for evaluating ingested OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Miki Katsuhara
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
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Hernandez-Toledano DS, Salazar-Osorio AI, Medina-Buelvas DM, Romero-Martínez J, Estrada-Muñiz E, Vega L. Methylated and ethylated dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides: DNA damage in bone marrow cells of Balb/c mice. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503641. [PMID: 37491117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Dialkylphosphates (DAPs), metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are widely distributed in the environment and are often used as biomarkers of OP exposure. Recent reports indicate that DAPs may be genotoxic, both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the genotoxicity of the methylated DAPs dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) and dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and the ethylated DAPs diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) and diethylphosphate (DETP), in comparison with their parental compounds, malathion and terbufos, respectively, in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of male and female Balb/c mice. We also compared DNA damage (comet assay) induced by DMDTP and dimethyl phosphate (DMP) in human cell lines. Both DMDTP and DMP caused DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HeLa cells, and the hepatic cell lines HepG2 and WRL-68. In the in vivo micronucleus assay, methylated and ethylated DAPs increased micronucleated PCE cells in both male and female mice. Female mice were more susceptible to DNA damage. In comparison to their parental compounds, methylated DAPs, particularly DMTP, were more genotoxic than malathion; DEDTP, DETP, and terbufos were similar in potency. These results suggest that DAPs may contribute to DNA damage associated with OP pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián Hernandez-Toledano
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ixtchel Salazar-Osorio
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dunia Margarita Medina-Buelvas
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica Romero-Martínez
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabet Estrada-Muñiz
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Cui J, Wei Y, Jiang J, Xiao S, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu D, Wang P. Bioaccumulation, metabolism and toxicological effects of chiral insecticide malathion and its metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137898. [PMID: 36702415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation, metabolism, tissue-specific distribution and toxicity of the widely used organophosphorous pesticide malathion to zebrafish were investigated on an enantiomeric level for evaluating the environmental risks. The metabolites were also monitored and evaluated. Malathion was metabolized by zebrafish very fast with the half-life of 0.12 d and showed a middle accumulation capacity in zebrafish with bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of 12.9 after a 15-d exposure. Brain could enrich higher concentration of malathion than other tissues. The metabolites malaoxon, malathion/malaoxon monocarboxylic acid (DMA), malathion/malaoxon dicarboxylic acid (DCA), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) were found, in which DMTP and DCA were in higher level, indicating the metabolism was mainly induced by carboxylesterase degradation. The accumulation of malathion and malaoxon was stereoselective in zebrafish tissues, exhibiting S-enantiomer preferentially enriched. The acute toxicity test showed rac-malathion was low toxic to zebrafish, which was 1.2 and 1.6 folds more toxic than S-malathion and R-malathion respectively. Malaoxon was highly toxic to zebrafish and approximately 32 times more toxic than malathion. The toxicity of other metabolites was lower than malathion. Malathion could cause an apparent developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryo, including bradycardia, hatchability reduction and deformity, and abnormal movement patterns in zebrafish larva. Chronic toxicity indicated that malathion and malaoxon induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity in the liver, brain and gill of zebrafish, and malaoxon exhibited a relatively high injury to the zebrafish brain. The results can provide information for the comprehensive assessment of the potential risk of malathion to aquatic organisms and highlight the necessity of consideration of stereoselectivity and metabolites when systemically evaluating pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yimu Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jiangong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Shouchun Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Samon SM, Hammel SC, Stapleton HM, Anderson KA. Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107339. [PMID: 36116363 PMCID: PMC9713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Samon
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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Tsuchiyama T, Ito Y, Oya N, Nomasa K, Sato H, Minato K, Kitamori K, Oshima S, Minematsu A, Niwa K, Katsuhara M, Fukatsu K, Miyazaki H, Ebara T, Kamijima M. Quantitative analysis of organophosphate pesticides and dialkylphosphates in duplicate diet samples to identify potential sources of measured urinary dialkylphosphates in Japanese women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118799. [PMID: 35007670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of dialkylphosphates (DAP) in maternal urine are associated with a variety of adverse developmental outcomes in children. Although urinary DAP levels are usually considered to be a marker of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, excretion of DAP may also increase by ingesting preformed DAP. To date, no study has quantitatively assessed the possible contribution of the dietary intake of preformed DAP and OP pesticides to urinary levels of DAP. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the levels of 6 DAPs and 84 OP pesticides in duplicate diet samples and urine samples collected from 73 women living in urban areas of Japan in 2018. DAP and OP pesticides were detected in 94% and 45% of diet samples, while DAP was detected in 100% of urinary samples, respectively. The average daily intake of preformed DAP was significantly higher than that of parent OP pesticides in our participants. Dimethylphosphate and diethylphosphate were predominant in the preformed DAP, and the estimated average daily intake of total amount of DAP was 78.3 nmol. Fruits and vegetables were the major dietary sources of DAP. Dietary intake of DAP was positively associated with urinary DAP levels, suggesting that a considerable amount of urinary DAP was derived from ingesting preformed DAP. Our results show that attributing urinary DAP levels exclusively to OP pesticide exposure would result in a substantial overestimation of the exposure level. Therefore, the urinary levels of DAP may not be suitable for evaluating OP pesticide exposure in the general urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Naoko Oya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Karin Nomasa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kyoko Minato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Oshima
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Ayako Minematsu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Niwa
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Katsuhara
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukatsu
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Yang FW, Zhao GP, Ren FZ, Pang GF, Li YX. Assessment of the endocrine-disrupting effects of diethyl phosphate, a nonspecific metabolite of organophosphorus pesticides, by in vivo and in silico approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105383. [PMID: 31835022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) remain one of the most commonly used pesticides, and their detection rates and residues in agricultural products, foods and environmental samples have been underestimated. Humans and environmental organisms are at high risk of exposure to OPs. Most OPs can be degraded and metabolized into dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) in organisms and the environment, and can be present in urine as biomarkers for exposure to OPs, of which diethyl phosphate (DEP) is a high-exposure metabolite. Epidemiological and cohort studies have found that DAPs are associated with endocrine hormone disorders, especially sex hormone disorders and thyroid hormone disorders, but there has been no direct causal evidence to support these findings. Our study explored the effects of chronic exposure to DEP on endocrine hormones and related metabolic indicators in adult male rats at actual doses that can be reached in the human body. The results showed that chronic exposure to DEP could cause thyroid-related hormone disorders in the serum of rats, causing symptoms of hyperthyroidism in rats, and could also lead to abnormal expression of thyroid hormone-related genes in the rat liver. However, DEP exposure did not seem to affect serum sex hormone levels, spermatogenesis or sperm quality in rats. The molecular interactions between DEP and thyroid hormone-related enzymes/proteins were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods in silico. It was found that DEP could strongly interact with thyroid hormone biosynthesis, blood transport, receptor binding and metabolism-related enzymes/proteins, interfering with the production and signal regulation of thyroid hormones. In vivo and in silico experiments showed that DEP might be a potential thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical, and therefore, we need to be more cautious and rigorous regarding organophosphorus chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yang FW, Li YX, Ren FZ, Luo J, Pang GF. Assessment of the endocrine-disrupting effects of organophosphorus pesticide triazophos and its metabolites on endocrine hormones biosynthesis, transport and receptor binding in silico. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110759. [PMID: 31421215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triazophos (TAP) was a widely used organophosphorus insecticide in developing countries. TAP could produce specific metabolites triazophos-oxon (TAPO) and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole (PHT) and non-specific metabolites diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethylphosphate (DEP). The objective of this study involved computational approaches to discover potential mechanisms of molecular interaction of TAP and its major metabolites with endocrine hormone-related proteins using molecular docking in silico. We found that TAP, TAPO and DEP showed high binding affinity with more proteins and enzymes than PHT and DETP. TAP might interfere with the endocrine function of the adrenal gland, and TAP might also bind strongly with glucocorticoid receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. TAPO might disrupt the normal binding of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and adrenergic receptor to their natural hormone ligands. DEP might affect biosynthesis of steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Meanwhile, DEP might disrupt the binding and transport of thyroid hormones in the blood and the normal binding of thyroid hormones to their receptors. These results suggested that TAP and DEP might have endocrine disrupting activities and were potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. Our results provided further reference for the comprehensive evaluation of toxicity of organophosphorus chemicals and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Yu L, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang B. Identification and Dissipation of Omethoate and Its Main Metabolite DMP in Wheat Determined by UPLC-QTOF/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5891-5898. [PMID: 31059246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the dissipation kinetics of field-applied omethoate during wheat storage. Both the identification and metabolic dynamics of omethoate metabolites were analyzed using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The presence of the metabolite dimethyl phosphate (DMP) was confirmed in wheat samples with applied omethoate. This might be because the group attached to the P atom of omethoate is replaced by a hydroxyl group through hydrolysis, thus leading to the formation of the specific metabolite DMP during wheat storage. Although the initial concentrations of DMP in different doses were considerably lower than those of omethoate, the half-life values of DMP were 11.87-31.50 days, which were close to the half-life of the parent omethoate (11.85-30.94 days). This indicates that potential health risks might be caused by dietary exposure to DMP and omethoate. Therefore, more importance should be given to the risk assessment for omethoate and its metabolite DMP in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Bujun Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Cereal Products (Beijing) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic , Beijing , 100081 , China
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Ding M, Yang Y, Duan X, Wang S, Feng X, Wang T, Wang P, Liu S, Li L, Liu J, Tang L, Niu X, Zhang Y, Li G, Yao W, Cui L, Wang W. Association of genetic polymorphisms of telomere binding proteins with cholinesterase activity in omethoate-exposed workers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:563-568. [PMID: 29929132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Omethoate, an organophosphorous pesticide, can cause a variety of health effects, especially the decrease of cholinesterase activity. The aim of this study is to explore the association of genetic polymorphisms of telomere binding proteins with cholinesterase activity in omethoate-exposed population. Cholinesterase activities in whole blood, red blood cell and plasma were detected using acetylthiocholine and dithio-bis-(nitrobenzoic acid) method; Genetic Genotyping of POT1 rs1034794, POT1 rs10250202, TERF1 rs3863242 and TERT rs2736098 were performed with PCR-RFLP. The cholinesterase activities of whole blood, red blood cells and plasma in exposure group are significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicates that exposure group (b = - 1.016, P < 0.001), agender (b = 0.365, P < 0.001), drinking (b = 0.271, P = 0.004) and TERF1rs3863242 (b = - 0.368, P = 0.016) had an impact on cholinesterase activities. The results suggest that individual carrying AG+GG genotypes in TERF1 gene rs3863242 polymorphism were susceptible to damage in cholinesterase induced by omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Henan Institute for Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxiang Liu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Tang
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Niu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tamaro CM, Smith MN, Workman T, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Faustman EM. Characterization of organophosphate pesticides in urine and home environment dust in an agricultural community. Biomarkers 2018; 23:174-187. [PMID: 29047308 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1395080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) have been used to control agricultural pests found in Washington state. Farmworkers (FW) have higher exposure to OP pesticides than non-farmworkers (NFW), and FW children may in turn have higher exposure than NFW children. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the concentration in house dust of five OPs used commonly in pome fruit orchards and the concentration in urine of dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAP), in a cohort of Hispanic FW and NFW and their children. METHODS Parents and children participated in three data collection periods over the course of one year. Urine samples were evaluated for the DAPs characteristic of OP exposure, and dust from homes and vehicles was evaluated for intact OP residues. RESULTS Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of OPs in house and vehicle dust were higher in FW households than NFW households in all agricultural seasons. GM concentration of urinary DAPs was higher for children in FW households than NFW households. DISCUSSION Regression analysis found a positive association between OP residues in house dust and the children's urinary DAPs. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to report an association between pesticides in house dust and their biological metabolites in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Tamaro
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - William C Griffith
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- c Cancer Prevention Program , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- a Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Curl CL, Beresford SAA, Fenske RA, Fitzpatrick AL, Lu C, Nettleton JA, Kaufman JD. Estimating pesticide exposure from dietary intake and organic food choices: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:475-83. [PMID: 25650532 PMCID: PMC4421765 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure to the U.S. population is dominated by dietary intake. The magnitude of exposure from diet depends partly on personal decisions such as which foods to eat and whether to choose organic food. Most studies of OP exposure rely on urinary biomarkers, which are limited by short half-lives and often lack specificity to parent compounds. A reliable means of estimating long-term dietary exposure to individual OPs is needed to assess the potential relationship with adverse health effects. OBJECTIVES We assessed long-term dietary exposure to 14 OPs among 4,466 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and examined the influence of organic produce consumption on this exposure. METHODS Individual-level exposure was estimated by combining information on typical intake of specific food items with average OP residue levels on those items. In an analysis restricted to a subset of participants who reported rarely or never eating organic produce ("conventional consumers"), we assessed urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) levels across tertiles of estimated exposure (n = 480). In a second analysis, we compared DAP levels across subgroups with differing self-reported organic produce consumption habits (n = 240). RESULTS Among conventional consumers, increasing tertile of estimated dietary OP exposure was associated with higher DAP concentrations (p < 0.05). DAP concentrations were also significantly lower in groups reporting more frequent consumption of organic produce (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Long-term dietary exposure to OPs was estimated from dietary intake data, and estimates were consistent with DAP measurements. More frequent consumption of organic produce was associated with lower DAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and 2Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Chen L, Zhao T, Pan C, Ross J, Ginevan M, Vega H, Krieger R. Absorption and excretion of organophosphorous insecticide biomarkers of malathion in the rat: Implications for overestimation bias and exposure misclassification from environmental biomonitoring. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 65:287-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krieger R, Chen L, Ginevan M, Watkins D, Cochran R, Driver J, Ross J. Implications of estimates of residential organophosphate exposure from dialkylphosphates (DAPs) and their relevance to risk. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 64:263-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Quirós-Alcalá L, Bradman A, Smith K, Weerasekera G, Odetokun M, Barr DB, Nishioka M, Castorina R, Hubbard AE, Nicas M, Hammond SK, McKone TE, Eskenazi B. Organophosphorous pesticide breakdown products in house dust and children's urine. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2012; 22:559-68. [PMID: 22781438 PMCID: PMC4133088 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to preformed dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in food or the environment may affect the reliability of DAP urinary metabolites as biomarkers of organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure. We conducted a study to investigate the presence of DAPs in indoor residential environments and their association with children's urinary DAP levels. We collected dust samples from homes in farmworker and urban communities (40 homes total, n=79 samples) and up to two urine samples from resident children ages 3-6 years. We measured six DAPs in all samples and eight DAP-devolving OP pesticides in a subset of dust samples (n=54). DAPs were detected in dust with diethylphosphate (DEP) being the most frequently detected (≥60%); detection frequencies for other DAPs were ≤50%. DEP dust concentrations did not significantly differ between communities, nor were concentrations significantly correlated with concentrations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the most frequently detected diethyl-OP pesticides (Spearman ρ=-0.41 to 0.38, P>0.05). Detection of DEP, chlorpyrifos, or diazinon, was not associated with DEP and/or DEP+diethylthiophosphate detection in urine (Kappa coefficients=-0.33 to 0.16). Finally, estimated non-dietary ingestion intake from DEP in dust was found to be ≤5% of the dose calculated from DEP levels in urine, suggesting that ingestion of dust is not a significant source of DAPs in urine if they are excreted unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- EPA STAR Fellow, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gayanga Weerasekera
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Martins Odetokun
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Rosemary Castorina
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alan E. Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark Nicas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - S. Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Thomas E. McKone
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Chen L, Zhao T, Pan C, Ross JH, Krieger RI. Preformed biomarkers including dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in produce may confound biomonitoring in pesticide exposure and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9342-51. [PMID: 22906185 DOI: 10.1021/jf303116p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of pesticides and their metabolites/degradates occur in produce when pesticides are used in conventional or organic crop protection. Human dietary and nonoccupational urine biomonitoring studies may be confounded by preformed pesticide biomarkers in the diet. The extent of formation of putative urine biomarkers, including malathion specific (MMA, MDA; malathion mono- and diacids), organophosphorus generic (DMP, DMTP, DMDTP; dimethyl-, dimethylthio-, and dimethydithiophosphate), pyrethroid generic (3-PBA; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid), and captan-specific metabolites (THPI; tetrahydrophthalimide), was measured in produce samples containing the parent pesticide. Every produce sample of 19 types of fruits and vegetables contained biomarkers of potential human exposure. A total of 134 of 157 (85%) samples contained more molar equivalent biomarkers than parent pesticide. Malathion and fenpropathrin were sprayed (1 lb/A), and the time-dependent formation of pesticide biomarkers in strawberries was investigated under field conditions typical of commercial production in California. Malathion and fenpropathrin residues were always below established residue tolerances. Malathion, MMA, and MDA dissipated, while DMP, DMTP, and DMDTP increased, during a 20 day study period following the preharvest interval. The mole ratios of biomarkers/(malathion + malaoxon) were always greater than 1 and increased from day 4 to day 23 postapplication. Fenpropathrin and 3-PBA also dissipated in strawberries during each monitoring period. The mole ratios of 3-PBA/fenpropathrin were always less than 1 and decreased from day 4 to day 14. The absorption of pesticide biomarkers in produce and excretion in urine would falsely indicate consumer pesticide exposure if used to reconstruct dose for risk characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Sudakin DL, Stone DL. Dialkyl phosphates as biomarkers of organophosphates: The current divide between epidemiology and clinical toxicology. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011; 49:771-81. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2011.624101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Sudakin
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 333 Weniger, Corvallis, US
| | - David L. Stone
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 333 Weniger, Corvallis, US
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