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Misgana T, Gebremichael B, Weldesenbet AB, Tesfaye D, Tamiru D, Tariku M, Alemu D, Dheresa M. Association between antenatal common mental disorders symptoms, and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes: A community-based prospective cohort study in Eastern Ethiopia. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:31-39. [PMID: 38548209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal common mental disorders have broad implications for maternal and child mental and physical health that may have a long-lasting social and economic impact. This study aimed to assess the association between symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted and a total of 1011 randomly selected pregnant women were followed up from February 1, 2021, to January 30, 2022. The modified Poisson regression model with a robust variance was fitted to examine the effect of the symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders on obstetric and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS Antenatal common mental disorders (SRQ ≥ 6) were presented among 390 (38.58 %) pregnant women. In the final multivariate Poisson regression model, women with antenatal common mental disorders symptoms had an increased risk of some pregnancy complications (ARR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.59, 1.84). In the current study, symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders increased also the risk of preterm birth (ARR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.20, 2.42) and low birth weight (ARR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.36, 2.74). LIMITATION The indirect effects of some potential mediators and moderators were not assessed in this study. CONCLUSION The study found a high rate of symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Antenatal common mental disorders symptoms may have considerable effects on individual and combined pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Misgana
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Merga Dheresa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Haile TT, Kebede AA, Gessesse DN, Tsega NT, Aklil MB, Temesgan WZ, Anteneh TA, Tibebu NS, Alemu HN, Seyoum AT, Tiguh AE, Yismaw AE, Mihret MS, Nenko G, Wondie KY, Taye BT, Abegaz MY. Anxiety and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopian pregnant women: a broad public health concern. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1300229. [PMID: 38259803 PMCID: PMC10800707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnancy-related anxiety is a prevalent mental health issue that mostly affects women in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. It has been linked to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. However, it has often received less attention, and community-based evidence lacks its prevalence and associated factors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety in Northwest Ethiopian pregnant women in Gondar city. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 July to 30 August 2021 in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was used to select a sample of 872 pregnant women, and in-person interviews were conducted to gather data. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures were carried out. Results Of the participants, pregnancy-related anxiety was reported in 29.4% (95% CI: 26.3, 32.4) of women. The likelihood of having anxiety was higher among women who had known medical illness (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.35), loneliness (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.34, 4.73), depression (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.85), poor social support (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.07), and intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI: 2.04, 4.04). Conclusion In this study, three out of ten women have suffered from anxiety. It is strongly advised to identify and treat known medical illnesses early in pregnancy, enhance social support, diagnose and treat depression, and limit intimate partner violence through multimodal and integrative activities with concerned bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsion Tadesse Haile
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azmeraw Ambachew Kebede
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Nibret Gessesse
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega
- Department of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Belayneh Aklil
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubedle Zelalem Temesgan
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tazeb Alemu Anteneh
- Department of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Solomon Tibebu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haymanot Nigatu Alemu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmra Tesfahun Seyoum
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Eskezia Tiguh
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Engida Yismaw
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Muhabaw Shumye Mihret
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Goshu Nenko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindu Yinges Wondie
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Tsegaw Taye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Yimam Abegaz
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mafla AC, Orozco-Tovar AE, Ortiz-Gómez F, Ortiz-Pizán ÁJ, González-Ruano AV, Schwendicke F. Association between psychological factors and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023. [PMID: 38013224 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect characterized by opacities from white to brownish color. A suspected multifactorial etiology has been suggested, whereas psychological factors during pregnancy have only been limitedly analyzed. AIM We assessed the association between stress, depression, and anxiety in pregnancy and the presence of MIH in children at a later age. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire, we included 384 mothers who had children aged 6 and 12 years from Pasto, Colombia. Data were collected between October 2021 and March 2022. Sociodemographic variables; maternal and child factors related to prenatal, natal, or postnatal problems; and psychological factors such as stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnancy were inquired. Utilizing photographs depicting MIH lesions, mothers assessed their child's MIH status. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis was performed to create causal assumptions, and logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate these assumptions. p-value was set at p < .05. RESULTS The prevalence of MIH was 33.3%; 12.8% of the participants exhibited hypomineralization in both molars and incisors. DAG analysis and logistic regression models determined that MIH (present or not) was associated with symptoms of maternal depression (ORadj = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.92-5.52, p < .001), and MIH (both molars and incisors) was associated with symptoms of maternal anxiety (ORadj = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.80-6.76, p < .001). CONCLUSION Psychological factors, among others, were significantly associated with the presence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Mafla
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jhawar S, Gupta SD, Das A. Perinatal Depression as a Growing Mental Health Concern: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental health today, is a rising concern the world over. In order to focus prevention strategies and treatment options, it is important to study the types, and attributes, of illnesses under mental health. Among all types, depression is found to be the major contributor to the global burden of this disease and it is found to affect more women than men. Among women, perinatal depression is a serious and highly prevalent form of depression that affects women of childbearing age. Perinatal depression comprises of antenatal depression (AD) and postnatal depression (PD). AD is a precursor of PD and while it negatively impacts the health of the woman herself, it also has potential adverse effects on the health and socio-psychological development of the new born. Research from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) finds prevalence of AD at 25.8%, and of PD at 19.7%. In spite of this, while studies on PD are available, studies and understanding of AD are limited and have not received the desired attention of the scientific community. Various global and local organisations have done policy advocacy on mental health, and to some extent within this framework, on perinatal depression, however, focus is still required in the LMICs for strengthening health systems for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheenu Jhawar
- IIHMR University (Indian Institute of Health Management Research), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S. D. Gupta
- IIHMR University (Indian Institute of Health Management Research), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arindam Das
- IIHMR University (Indian Institute of Health Management Research), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Rimal SP, Thapa K, Shrestha R. Anxiety among Pregnant Women Attending Obstetrics Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:621-624. [PMID: 36705204 PMCID: PMC9297357 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The disastrous effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of vulnerable populations like pregnant women should not be neglected. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women attending the obstetrics unit of a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 16 May 2020 to 30 July 2020 among pregnant women attending obstetrics unit of a tertiary care centre. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 365/076/077-IRC). Convenience sampling method was used. Pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaires were used and semi-structured questionnaires were used for sociodemographic data. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results Out of 115 pregnant women, anxiety was found in 21 (18.26%) (11.20-25.32, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions Anxiety among the pregnant women reported in this study was found to be lower than similar studies conducted in similar settings. Keywords anxiety; COVID-19; pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prasad Rimal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, B.P. Koiraia Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal,Correspondence: Dr Surya Prasad Rimal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9841379628
| | - Kriti Thapa
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, B.P. Koiraia Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Shrestha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, B.P. Koiraia Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
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Diotaiuti P, Valente G, Mancone S, Falese L, Corrado S, Siqueira TC, Andrade A. A Psychoeducational Intervention in Prenatal Classes: Positive Effects on Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Temporal Focus in Birth Attendants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137904. [PMID: 35805564 PMCID: PMC9266264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported associations between high maternal anxiety, temporal perceptions during pregnancy, and a poor sense of self-efficacy. One type of anxiety expecting mothers experience is associated with childbirth, which previous studies have shown can be reduced by antenatal training. Recent contributions have pointed out that current prenatal courses, while providing important and useful knowledge, do not devote sufficient content to the mental health of the parturient and to the psychological issues that can arise before and after the birth. Methods: In total, 80 pregnant women were provided with a special prepartum course in which ample space was devoted to topics such as maternal mental health, parenting skills and couple relationship, relaxation techniques, and assertiveness. Perception of threat, state anxiety, temporal focus, needs and expectations, and self-efficacy were assessed by comparing this psychoeducational intervention group with a traditional antenatal course group (n = 80), and a control group (n = 80). Two-way mixed ANOVAS (3 × 2) were performed for each dependent variable considered, including the time variable (pre-course–post-course) as a factor within the participants and the group variable as a factor between the subjects. Results: The psychoeducational intervention actually induced significant and positive changes primarily on four dimensions: state anxiety, perceived self-efficacy, the need for information, and reassurance of the pregnant women who participated in this trial. Conclusions: The study suggests improving the quality of prenatal classes by paying particular attention to the content and communication used within the group, in order to gratify at the highest level, the need for information, reassurance, and sharing that characterize the parturient’s request for support. The evidence collected recommends further replicating the intervention protocol described in order to improve the psychophysical well-being of women in a delicate moment such as pregnancy and preparation for childbirth, but especially in terms of the prevention and containment of the risks of psychological distress that currently affect a significant number of women after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (G.V.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Valente
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (G.V.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (G.V.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Lavinia Falese
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (G.V.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Corrado
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (G.V.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Thais Cristina Siqueira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil; (T.C.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil; (T.C.S.); (A.A.)
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The Relationship between Fear of Covid-19, Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) fear, anxiety and depression on pregnant women.
Methods: The cross-sectional, correlational research was conducted with 335 pregnant women from June to October 2020 at the antenatal outpatient clinics of a university hospital. Data were collected using Description Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Results: The FCV-19S, BAI and EPDS average scores were 21.12±6.56, 6.39±5.48 and 8.13±9.13, respectively, indicating pregnant women' levels of COVID-19 fear were moderately high and their anxiety and depression levels were moderate. Overall, 14.0% of pregnant women had depression risk and 42.4% had symptoms of anxiety (26.3% low level, 10.4% moderate level and 5.7% high level). A positive, significant relationship was found between the COVID-19 fear level and depression (r=0.207, p
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Jhirwal M, Singh P, Sharma C, Kathuria P, Shekhar S, Meena SP. Awareness and understanding of COVID-19 among pregnant woman in Northern India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:191. [PMID: 36003227 PMCID: PMC9393947 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_980_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health concern worldwide. It is important for pregnant women to know about the mode of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures against COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and outlook of pregnant women and practical measures taken by them against COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted for 1 month (June 10, 2020- July 10, 2020) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. A prevalidated questionnaire was given to 109 pregnant women to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice acquired against COVID-19 infection. The Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test was used to compare categorical data. RESULTS Among 109 participants, 103 (94.5%) had good knowledge, 4 (3.7%) had average knowledge and 2 (1.8%) had poor knowledge about COVID-19. Majority of them had a positive attitude for the protective measures taken for the prevention of disease. CONCLUSIONS Since there is no valid treatment for COVID-19, prevention is the only key to curve this infection. In the present study, 94.5% pregnant women had overall good knowledge score about the mode of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Jhirwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Manisha Jhirwal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail:
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Kathuria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satya Prakash Meena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Beyene GM, Azale T, Gelaye KA, Ayele TA. Effect of antenatal depression on the initiation of breastfeeding in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A population-based prospective cohort study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08759. [PMID: 35079650 PMCID: PMC8777141 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed initiation of breastfeeding has been found to increase early neonatal morbidity, mortality, and impaired mother-infant bonding. However, there is no study that revealed the effect of antenatal depression on breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia. This study aimed to see the effect of antenatal depression on the practice of initiation of breastfeeding among women in urban Ethiopia. METHODS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to 970 women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy to screen for antenatal depression. Information was collected on initiation of breastfeeding of newborns and mother's socio-demographic, obstetric, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for the confounders and determine association between antenatal depression and initiation of breastfeeding. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of late initiation of breastfeeding (LIBF) was found to be 166 (18.34%). The cumulative incidence of LIBF in those born from depressed pregnant women was 37% as compared to 8.4% in nondepressed. Antenatal depression at the second and third trimester of pregnancy remained a potential predictor of late initiation of breastfeeding after adjusting for potential confounders (AOR = 6.42: (95% CI 3.72, 11.05)). A significant association was also seen between infants who were born by cesarean section, a complication of current pregnancy, inadequate ANC follow-up, lack of advice about the importance of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), home delivery, and low quartile of wealth index and late initiation of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that screening for antenatal depression can help to identify women at risk for late initiation of breastfeeding. Health care providers shall have to give emphasis on the treatment of antenatal depression to benefit both the mother and the physical health, growth, and development of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Mihretie Beyene
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Awoke Ayele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Demircan S, Demirçivi Bör E. Knowledge, perception, and protective measures of Turkish pregnant women towards COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on anxiety levels. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:1018-1022. [PMID: 34927534 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1990232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 while evaluating the ability of protective measures and their effects on the level of anxiety during this pandemic. Using a prospective cross-sectional survey, 304 pregnant women attending prenatal polyclinics were included in our study between June 10 and July 10, 2020. The mean age of participants was 29.2 ± 6.0 years. The median gestational week was 25, ranging from 25 to 40 weeks of gestation. There was no significant correlation between a gestational week or complicated pregnancy and anxiety. Most participants possessed adequate knowledge and practical skills concerning Covid-19. Women with adequate knowledge were found to be statistically related to a high practice skills score and lower anxiety levels. Good knowledge levels are related to good practice skills and lower anxiety levels. Although pregnancy is not currently considered a risk factor, we believe it is vital to inform pregnant women about COVID-19 since they are naturally prone to mental problems and respiratory infections during pregnancy. Therefore, healthcare professionals should be encouraged to play an active role in this issue, replacing social media, a common source of misinformation for this target demographic.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women increased significantly after the declaration of human-to-human transmission and the increasingly rapid spread of COVID-19.What do the results of this study add? Pregnant women with good knowledge of COVID-19 were found to have adequate practice skills and lower anxiety levels.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The act of informing pregnant women is essential in reducing anxiety levels and taking more accurate measures against COVID-19 because high levels of anxiety and depression can have long-term effects on maternal and foetal health. To minimise the potential for information pollution on social media, health professionals must play a more significant role in informing pregnant women and provide evidence-based information to pregnant women about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Demircan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Kadıköy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergül Demirçivi Bör
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Küçüktürkmen B, Baskaya Y, Özdemir K. A qualitative study of Turkish midwives' experience of providing care to pregnant women infected with COVID-19. Midwifery 2021; 105:103206. [PMID: 34864325 PMCID: PMC8595251 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the experiences of Turkish midwives who provided care to pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 or suspected of having it, during labour and delivery. Methods A phenomenological approach was used. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 15 midwives from 15 different hospitals in various Turkish cities through video-conferencing. Data analysis was based on Graneheim and Lundman's techniques for extracting themes from qualitative data. Findings Four themes emerged: “Measures against pandemic uncertainty,” “Impairment in postpartum care,” “Emotional burden of the pandemic,” and “Adaptation to the results of the pandemic.” Midwives stated that they tried to reduce the risk of contamination by taking self-protection measures and creating isolated areas. They carried out practices such as separating the mother and baby postpartum and not allowing breastfeeding. They experienced emotional confusion with the difficulties faced in this process, and they became professional in the management of the process. Implications for practice The results of this study reveal the challenges faced by Turkish midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of the publication of evidence-based guidelines. Provision of emotional support for midwives is essential in order to sustain the continuity of the quality maintenance of midwifery care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Küçüktürkmen
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Baskaya
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kevser Özdemir
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Sakarya, Turkey
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12
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Çolak S, Gürlek B, Önal Ö, Yılmaz B, Hocaoglu C. The level of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in pregnancy during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2666-2676. [PMID: 34062619 PMCID: PMC8242418 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to evaluate the mental health and sleep quality of pregnant women in different trimesters during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and investigate the effect of quarantine and new lifestyle changes that come into our lives with pandemic with on this subject. Methods It was conducted on pregnant women (n = 149) who attended routine pregnancy prenatal visit during their pregnancy weeks. The data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical data form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate maternal depression and anxiety. Results A significant correlation was observed between the week of gestation and depression, anxiety, and defective sleep scores (p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between the week of gestation and depression (r: 0.628). A high level of positive correlation was found between the week of gestation and defective sleep quality and anxiety scores (r: 0.858, r: 0.754). A statistically significant increase in depression, anxiety, and defective sleep quality was found in the group staying in home quarantine (p = 0.002). Conclusion This study showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic can cause depression, anxiety, and serious sleep disorders in pregnant women. The depression and anxiety scores of pregnant women in home quarantine were also found to be higher than the group not in quarantine. As the week of gestation progresses, mental health symptoms worsen and sleep quality deteriorates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özgür Önal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bülent Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Cicek Hocaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Deng R, Chen M, Cao R, Chen S, Chen K, Jin Z, Bai X, Tian J, Zhou B, Tian K. Association of Sleep Duration and Screen Time With Anxiety of Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646368. [PMID: 33959075 PMCID: PMC8093759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the patterns of lifestyle and posed psychological stress on pregnant women. However, the association of sleep duration and screen time with anxiety among pregnant women under the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario has been poorly addressed. We conducted one large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study which recruited 1794 pregnant women across middle and west China. Self-reported demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and mental health status were collected from 6th February to 8th May 2020. We investigated the association of sleep duration and screen time with the risk of anxiety by multivariable logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis after adjusting potential confounders. The dose-response relationship of sleep duration and screen time with anxiety was visualized using a cubic spline plot. Our data revealed that almost 35% of pregnant women suffered from anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep duration was dose-dependently associated with a lower risk of anxiety among pregnant women (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27–0.63), while screen time exhibited a conversed effect (OR = 2.01, 95% CI:1.00–4.39). Notably, sleep duration (≥8 h/day) synergistically combined with screen time (3–7 h/day) to diminish the risk of anxiety (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99). Taken together, sleep duration and screen time were independently and jointly associated with anxiety (P < 0.05). Therefore, promoting a more active lifestyle and maintaining higher sleep quality could improve the mental health of pregnant women, especially under public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuge Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renli Deng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiu Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kuntao Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiheng Jin
- Department of Health Education, Maternal and Child Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Hospital of Yanan, Yan'an, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, China
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Hospital of Shiyan Xiangyang, China
| | - Kunming Tian
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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McDonnell CG, DeLucia EA. Pregnancy and Parenthood Among Autistic Adults: Implications for Advancing Maternal Health and Parental Well-Being. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2021; 3:100-115. [PMID: 36601267 PMCID: PMC8992883 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Strikingly little research has considered how autistic adults experience pregnancy and parenthood, two key transition periods in adult development with potentially far-reaching implications for physical and psychosocial health outcomes across the lifespan. This article reviews the research on pregnancy and parenthood among autistic adults, to summarize existing research and identify future directions to advance this critical area of study. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on pregnancy and parenthood among autistic adults. Researchers extracted selected articles for key information, including methodology and sample size, study location, demographic characteristics of participants, measurement approaches, and key study findings. Results Overall, we identified 13 studies that used a range of quantitative and qualitative approaches to study pregnancy experiences and outcomes and parenthood among autistic adults. The findings show that autistic adults (1) experience difficulties and dissatisfaction communicating with health care providers throughout pregnancy and birth, (2) are more likely to experience depression during and after pregnancy, and (3) experience higher rates of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and pre-eclampsia. During parenthood, autistic adults report lower parenting competence, experience parenthood as isolating, have difficulty communicating with professionals about their child and are questioned by providers about their ability to parent, experience high rates of involvement with child protective services, and express a desire for increased parenting support. Autistic adults also reported parenting strengths, including high levels of finding parenthood rewarding and putting their children's needs ahead of their own. Conclusions A key limitation of the literature is the significant lack of sociodemographic diversity among participants, the small number of existing studies, and reliance on cross-sectional mono-method designs. Future research should be conducted in partnership with autistic adults to develop assessment and intervention approaches for supporting pregnancy health and parental well-being among diverse and underserved communities. Lay summary Why is this topic important?: Very little is known about how autistic adults experience pregnancy and parenthood. Better understanding these experiences is important, because pregnancy and parenthood are key transition periods in adult development that are associated with a range of health outcomes later in life.What is the purpose of this article?: This article reviews the existing research on pregnancy and parenthood among autistic adults. We wanted to summarize what is already known, evaluate how that knowledge was created, and consider who has and who has not been included in this research to inform future research. We summarized 13 studies that considered pregnancy or parenthood among autistic adults.What did the authors find about pregnancy among autistic adults?: One study used data from hospital and birth records in Sweden, and showed that autistic women experience higher rates of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth (early delivery before 37 weeks), cesarean delivery, and pre-eclampsia (a condition defined by high blood pressure during pregnancy). Two studies had autistic and nonautistic adults fill out online surveys about their experiences, and found that autistic adults are more likely to have depression during and after pregnancy, have more difficulty interacting with health care professionals at pregnancy appointments and during the birth process, and feel that information and support services for pregnancy do not always meet their needs. Autistic women also reported that sensory differences can make health care visits during pregnancy especially difficult, and described that they may experience anxiety and confusion when interacting with health care staff.What did the authors find about parenthood among autistic adults?: The research we reviewed showed that autistic adults experience strengths and difficulties in parenting. Many autistic adults found parenthood rewarding, but also felt isolated as parents and had difficulty communicating with health care professionals about their children. Autistic adults also had high rates of interacting with child protective services (CPS). Some research also found that autistic adults had lower self-confidence in parenting, although findings are mixed.What are the recommendations for future research and practice?: We need to develop support strategies to promote pregnancy health and parenting satisfaction in partnership with autistic adults. For example, it may be helpful to develop communication tools that can support autistic adults during pregnancy, labor, and birth. We also recommend that future research develop questionnaires to ask autistic adults about their pregnancy and parenting experiences in sensitive ways, so that in the future providers can regularly ask autistic adults about their support needs. Most importantly, it is critical that future research also include more diverse autistic participants in their research, including racial/ethnic and sexual and gender minorities.How will these findings help autistic adults now or in the future?: We hope that this article will help guide future research that strives to better understand how autistic adults experience pregnancy and parenthood. Ultimately, we believe this research can lead to supports and intervention strategies that can improve pregnancy health and parental well-being for autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G. McDonnell
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Address correspondence to: Christina G. McDonnell, PhD, Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Williams Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. DeLucia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Saadati N, Afshari P, Boostani H, Beheshtinasab M, Abedi P, Maraghi E. Health anxiety and related factors among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Iran. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:95. [PMID: 33588794 PMCID: PMC7883951 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many countries around the world and Iran was no exception. The aim of this study was to evaluate health anxiety of Iranian pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 300 pregnant women in different trimesters (n = 100 in each trimester) were recruited. A demographic questionnaire and the Health Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Scores of < 27, 27-34 and more than 35 were defined as low, moderate and high health anxiety, respectively. Due to nationwide restrictions, data were collected through social media groups. Chi-square tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Mean (SD) total anxiety scores were 22.3 ± 9.5, 24.6 ± 9.3 and 25.4 ± 10.6 in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. 9, 13 and 21% of women had severe anxiety in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Women in the third trimester had significantly higher health anxiety scores than those in the first trimester (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were more worried about consequences of disease, but total health anxiety scores were significantly higher among women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Health care providers should pay more attention to the mental health of pregnant women in times of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmieh Saadati
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Poorandokht Afshari
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hatam Boostani
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Psychiatry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtinasab
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Maraghi
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Anxiety, depression and concerns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:125-130. [PMID: 33433702 PMCID: PMC7802427 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In December 2019, the emerging of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has influenced the whole world. The current pandemic also triggers several psychological changes. Uncertainties and changes in health practices may cause anxiety, depression, and concerns on vulnerable populations such as pregnant. This study aims to survey the pregnant women to capture the psychological impact and perceptions during the pandemic. Methods A total of 297 pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled in May 2020. We evaluated the hard-copy survey included questions about demographic and clinical information of patients, 95% confidence intervals of a COVID-19-related questionnaire in a Likert scale and 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results A total of 297 pregnant women were included in this study with a mean age of 27.64. Most patients (82.5%) had concerns about infecting their babies during delivery. The fear of infection of the fetus during delivery revealed elderly age and having anxiety as the unique significant risk factors. Mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores were 7.94 (± 4.03) and 7.23 (± 3.84), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed having anxiety was associated with a high HADS-D score and concern about the inability to reach obstetrician, and being in advanced age, having a high HADS-A score, and concern about the inability to reach obstetrician demonstrated significant effects on HADS-D score. Conclusion We conclude that in future pandemics, communications and reassurance of the patients should be prioritized upon their routine ante-natal care to avoid increased levels of anxiety and even depression.
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Talbot J, Charron V, Konkle ATM. Feeling the Void: Lack of Support for Isolation and Sleep Difficulties in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic Revealed by Twitter Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020393. [PMID: 33419145 PMCID: PMC7825552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women face many physical and psychological changes during their pregnancy. It is known that stress, caused by many factors and life events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can negatively impact the health of mothers and offspring. It is the first time social media, such as Twitter, are available and commonly used during a global pandemic; this allows access to a rich set of data. The objective of this study was to characterize the content of an international sample of tweets related to pregnancy and mental health during the first wave of COVID-19, from March to June 2020. Tweets were collected using GetOldTweets3. Sentiment analysis was performed using the VADER sentiment analysis tool, and a thematic analysis was performed. In total, 192 tweets were analyzed: 51 were from individuals, 37 from companies, 56 from non-profit organizations, and 48 from health professionals/researchers. Findings showed discrepancies between individual and non-individual tweets. Women expressed anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleeping problems, and distress related to isolation. Alarmingly, there was a discrepancy between distress expressed by women with isolation and sleep difficulties compared to support offered by non-individuals. Concrete efforts should be made to acknowledge these issues on Twitter while maintaining the current support offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Talbot
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Valérie Charron
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Anne TM Konkle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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SEVİMLİ GÜLER D, ASLAN B, AYDIN KARTAL Y. Gebelik, Doğum ve Doğum Sonu Dönemde COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ve Yönetimi. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.755895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang L, Nabi G, Zuo L, Wu Y, Li D. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Potential Solutions in Different Members in an Ordinary Family Unit. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:735653. [PMID: 35087429 PMCID: PMC8787187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lirong Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuefeng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Sun YF, Chang Q, Wu QJ, Gao SY, Zang ST, Liu YS, Zhao YH. Association between maternal antenatal depression and neonatal Apgar score: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:264-275. [PMID: 32977264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal depression is common, but most women with the condition choose to remain untreated. The Apgar score, an important indicator of newborn health, has been reported to be influenced by antenatal depression; thus, maternal antenatal depression, as reflected by a poor Apgar score, may harm children's health. AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore whether maternal antenatal depression is associated with the neonatal Apgar score. METHODS We registered the protocol for this study with PROSPERO (CRD42019137585). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for published papers that reported the association between depression and Apgar score from inception to December 4, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted data according to the predesigned table. Stata version 12.0 software was used to analyze data. RESULTS We finally identified 13 studies for inclusion, including a total of 12017 women. We did not find an association between antenatal depression and the 1 min Apgar score of neonates (mean difference= -0.03, 95% CI= -0.15-0.09) or the risk of a low Apgar score (OR=1.82, 95% CI=0.51 to 3.13). We found that antenatal depression increased the risk of a low Apgar score at 5 min (OR= 1.91, 95% CI= 1.23-2.59), but the association between the 5 min Apgar score and antenatal depression was not significant (mean difference= -0.001, 95% CI= -0.07-0.07). The results of the subgroup analyses also indicated that there was no association between the 5 min Apgar score and antenatal depression. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal depression increased the risk of a low 5 min Apgar score; however, we did not find a difference in the mean and distribution of neonatal Apgar scores of mothers with depression and mothers without depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Yan Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si-Tian Zang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, MA 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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McBroom K. A Comparison of Zika Virus and COVID-19: Clinical Overview and Public Health Messaging. J Midwifery Womens Health 2021; 66:334-342. [PMID: 34096682 PMCID: PMC8242848 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with a significant risk of neurological impairment for infants. ZIKV serves as a cautionary model with significant parallels to the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A limited literature search was performed to compare and contrast the clinical and psychosocial aspects of infection with ZIKV and COVID-19. There are significant parallels between ZIKV disease and COVID-19 in terms of limited diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, and prognostic uncertainties. Both infections are associated with a significant risk of adverse outcomes for either the pregnant individual or the fetus. Existing social and economic inequalities amplify the risk burden of ZIKV disease and COVID-19 in vulnerable communities. Although each pathogen has unique features, there are underlying common principles with regard to the recognition, communication, and mitigation of risk of infection. Misinformation spread by social media platforms has undermined public health efforts and patient adoption of recommended mitigation strategies. Health care providers can provide partnership, social support, and evidence-based information to enhance health-seeking behaviors, thereby minimizing the risks for pregnant and reproductive-aged persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McBroom
- College of NursingSeattle UniversitySeattleWashington
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22
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Nisar A, Yin J, Waqas A, Bai X, Wang D, Rahman A, Li X. Prevalence of perinatal depression and its determinants in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:1022-1037. [PMID: 33065811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression is a maternal mental health condition that is associated with various adverse health outcomes both for the mothers and the babies. The study aim was to estimate the prevalence of perinatal depression and its risks and determinants in Mainland China. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in 10 major databases and random effect meta-analysis was performed to achieve the pooled variance of perinatal depression. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on region, scale, methods of diagnosis and study design. Meta-regression was performed with the variables such as age, quality assessment score and gross domestic product (GDP) of the province. RESULTS Pooled prevalence of perinatal depression was 16.3% (CI=95%; 14.7% to 18.2%, P < 0.001), with antenatal depression 19.7% (CI=95%; 15.8% to 24.2%, P < 0.001) and postnatal depression 14.8% (CI=95%; 13.1% to 16.6%, P < 0.001). Significant publication bias was found and heterogeneity was I2= 98.13%. Lower socioeconomic status, poor physical health, anxiety about pregnancy and reduced social support were major risk factors while better living conditions and higher level of education were protective factors. The prevalence of perinatal depression showed a significant increasing trend in the last decade. LIMITATIONS The review does not include studies with small sample size (n <250). Moreover a narrative review of risk and protective factors was done, these were not included in meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of perinatal depression in China is similar to low and middle-income countries. Urgent attention is needed to address this public health priority in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Yin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xue Bai
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Atif Rahman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Salehi L, Rahimzadeh M, Molaei E, Zaheri H, Esmaelzadeh‐Saeieh S. The relationship among fear and anxiety of COVID-19, pregnancy experience, and mental health disorder in pregnant women: A structural equation model. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01835. [PMID: 32969190 PMCID: PMC7536966 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus pandemic causes stress and anxiety for pregnant women worldwide. The present study was conducted for the path analysis of the relationship among fear and anxiety caused by coronavirus, pregnancy experience, and the mental health of pregnant women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 pregnant women who were referred to Kamali Hospital in Alborz province in 2020. The eligible individuals entered the study through convenience sampling, and data were collected using five questionnaires including the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Anxiety of COVID-19 Scale, the pregnancy experiences Scales, Depression Anxiety Stress scale, and demographic checklist. The obtained data were then analyzed using SPSS-16 and Amos software. RESULTS According to results of the path analysis, the anxiety of COVID-19 and concerns during pregnancy were variables that were positively and significantly correlated with mental health only through one path, which was direct, and anxiety of COVID-19 had also the highest positive direct correlation among them (B = 0.32). The next variable was the happiness during pregnancy experiencing, which had a significantly negative and direct correlation with mental health disorder (B = 0.29). Moreover, fear of COVID-19 through the mediating concerns of pregnancy experiences was shown to have a significant positive relationship with mental health through an indirect path (B = 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the result of this study, it is necessary to pay more attention to the mental health of pregnant women during a pandemic. In addition, it is recommended to provide a virtual training group to reduce anxiety caused by coronavirus and pregnancy concerns, as well as emphasizing the feeling of enjoying happiness caused by pregnancy experience during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Salehi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and EnvironmentDepartment of Health Promotion and EducationSchool of HealthAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Mitra Rahimzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Elham Molaei
- Clinical Research and Development Center of the Kamali HospitalAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Hamideh Zaheri
- Clinical Research and Development Center of the Kamali HospitalAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
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Mizrak Sahin B, Kabakci EN. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women Birth 2020; 34:162-169. [PMID: 33023829 PMCID: PMC7528828 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Due to spread and impact of COVID-19 in the world and Turkey lead to fear, stress and anxiety in individuals. This trend is increasing more especially in pregnant women at risk as they are concerned about the safety of themselves and the fetus. Aim In our study, concerns, problems and attitudes of pregnant women related to diseases in the pandemic process will be determined by detailed discussions based on their individual experience, and by increasing the awareness of midwives and nurses about what pregnant women experience in this process. Methods Content analysis is used as qualitative study pattern. Due to the social isolation rules during the coronavirus pandemic, interviews with pregnant women were planned to be held via mobile phone. The study was completed with 15 pregnant women. Results As a result of the content analysis of the interviews, 3 main themes and 11 sub-themes were identified. The identified themes were as following: (1) not understanding the seriousness and fear of the unknown, (2) coronavirus pandemic and disruption of the routine prenatal care (3) disrupted routines and social lives. Each theme was necessarily discussed separately. Conclusion The results of the study show that coronavirus pandemic has a significant potential for creating anxiety, adversity and fear, which has a negative emotional effect on pregnant people. It will be useful to provide awareness for midwives and nurses not only about the physical health of pregnant women, but also their mental health, and to cooperate with mental health experts if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Mizrak Sahin
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Esra Nur Kabakci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kajdy A, Feduniw S, Ajdacka U, Modzelewski J, Baranowska B, Sys D, Pokropek A, Pawlicka P, Kaźmierczak M, Rabijewski M, Jasiak H, Lewandowska R, Borowski D, Kwiatkowski S, Poon LC. Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21279. [PMID: 32791708 PMCID: PMC7387043 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections:Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media.The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity.The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kajdy
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - Stepan Feduniw
- St. Sophia's Specialist Hospital
- Lazarski University, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Urszula Ajdacka
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Interior and Administration
| | - Jan Modzelewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - Barbara Baranowska
- Department of Midwifery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw
| | - Dorota Sys
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - Artur Pokropek
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Department of Social Studies, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Department of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk
| | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - Hanna Jasiak
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | - Roksana Lewandowska
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
| | - Dariusz Borowski
- Clinic of Fetal-Maternal, Gynecology and Neonatology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Liona C. Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Reymond C, Derguy C, Wendland J, Loyal D. Validation française d’une échelle d’anxiété spécifique à la grossesse (PRAQ-R2). PRAT PSYCHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Furlan MCR, Jurado SR, Uliana CH, Silva MEP, Nagata LA, Maia ACF. Revisión sistemática del embarazo y la infección por coronavirus: resultados maternos, fetales y neonatales. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2020. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: Se sabe poco sobre los efectos del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV) durante el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los resultados clínicos durante el embarazo en mujeres con SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 y su repercusión en la salud del feto y el recién nacido. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en los motores de búsqueda del Portal de Periódicos de CAPES, Google Académico, LILACS y PubMed. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 27 artículos científicos. La tasa de mortalidad fue mayor en las mujeres embarazadas con el SARS-CoV-1 que en las que tenían el SARS-CoV-2. Los síntomas más comunes informados por las mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19 fueron fiebre y tos. La mayoría de las pruebas de SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 resultaron negativas en recién nacidos de madres infectadas. Ambos tipos de infecciones causaron retraso del crecimiento intrauterino y problemas respiratorios en recién nacidos. Discusión: La infección por SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 comparten características clínicas comunes como fiebre, tos seca, disnea, neumonía e ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) para ventilación mecánica. Aunque en la literatura no se señala la transmisión vertical del coronavirus, se encontraron niveles de IgM en las muestras de sangre de los neonatos de las madres que tuvieron el SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo. Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar más estudios para comprender mejor los resultados clínicos maternos, fetales y neonatales del SARS-CoV-2 durante la gestación a fin de contribuir a las decisiones terapéuticas y de precaución sobre la infección
Como citar este articulo: Furlan, Mara Cristina Ribeiro; Jurado, Sonia Regina; Uliana, Catchia Hermes; Silva, Maria Eduarda Pascoaloto; Nagata, Letícia Akie; Maia, Anna Clara Freitas. Gravidez e infecção por coronavírus: desfechos maternos, fetais e neonatais – Revisão sistemática. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1211
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Maternal anxiety, depression and asthma and adverse pregnancy outcomes - a population based study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13101. [PMID: 31511586 PMCID: PMC6739415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate associations between maternal anxiety or depression and adverse pregnancy outcomes, taking possible familial confounding and interaction with asthma into account, we conducted a cohort study of all singleton births in Sweden 2001–2013. We retrieved information about pregnancy, diagnoses of anxiety/depression, asthma, and prescribed medication from the Swedish Medical Birth, National Patient, and Prescribed Drug Registers. We estimated associations with regression models, performed cousin and sibling comparisons, and calculated interactions. In 950 301 identified pregnancies; 5.9% had anxiety/depression and 4.0% had asthma. Anxiety/depression was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preeclampsia, adjusted Odds Ratio 1.17 (95% Confidence Interval 1.12, 1.22), instrumental delivery (1.14 (1.10, 1.18)), elective (1.62 (1.57, 1.68)) and emergency (1.32 (1.28, 1.35)) caesarean section (CS)). Their children had lower birth weight (−54 g (−59, −49)) and shorter gestational age (−0.29 weeks (−0.31, −0.28)). Associations were not confounded by familial factors and asthma did not modify the effect of anxiety/depression for outcomes other than elective CS, p < 0.001. In women with anxiety/depression diagnosis, untreated women had higher odds of elective CS compared to women on medication (1.30 (1.17, 1.43)). In conclusion, anxiety/depression should be considered when evaluating pregnant women’s risk of complications such as preeclampsia and non-vaginal deliveries.
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Dokuhaki S, Heidary M, Akbarzadeh M. Investigation of the effect of training attachment behaviors to pregnant mothers on some physical indicators of their infants from birth to three months based on the separation of male and female infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:324-331. [PMID: 30201446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal attachment to the fetus during pregnancy improves infant's growth and development and is an important criterion for public health. The aim is to investigate the effect of training attachment behaviors to pregnant women on some growth health indicators of infants. METHODS This is a clinical trial with convenience sampling which was conducted on 190 pregnant women in Hafez Hospital in Shiraz who randomly classified into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of 90-min classes were held. After delivery, both groups were compared in terms of physical growth (weight, height, head circumference) at birth, one and three months after birth. The data were analyzed using repeated Measurement. RESULTS Weight increase in female infants in the intervention group compared to the control group was significant at birth (p = 0.016), one month (p = 0.010) and three months after birth (p = 0.014). Height increase in female infants in the intervention group compared to the control group was significant at birth (p = 0.025), one month (p < 0.001) and three months after birth (p = 0.009). Male gender was not statistically significant in any age group but it increased the size of the head circumference of three-month-old infants. CONCLUSION Training of attachment skills to mothers improves height and weight of female infants in three steps. The average index for boys in the intervention group was higher than that of control group, but it was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dokuhaki
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Heidary
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Maternal -Fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sun Y, Huang K, Hu Y, Yan S, Xu Y, Zhu P, Tao F. Pregnancy-specific anxiety and elective cesarean section in primiparas: A cohort study in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216870. [PMID: 31091276 PMCID: PMC6519904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between pregnancy-specific anxiety and elective cesarean section, and identify the critical period in which pregnancy-specific anxiety will affect the elective cesarean section. Primiparous women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were invited to participate in the cohort. General information on maternal socio-demographic characteristics and environmental exposure were collected using questionnaires. Pregnancy-specific anxiety was assessed by using pregnancy-specific anxiety questionnaire in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester, respectively. Delivery modes and pregnancy complications were abstracted from medical notes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine the relationship between pregnancy-specific anxiety and elective cesarean section. Results indicated the overall elective cesarean section rate in this study was 45%. Among 1 874 pregnant women, 30.9% women experienced anxiety at least once during pregnancy, and 6.9% women suffered from anxiety in all three trimesters. Anxiety in the 2nd trimester was a significant predictor for elective cesarean section. Young maternal age and low educational level had indirect effects on women’s choice of elective caesarean section through affecting pregnancy-specific anxiety. More attention should be paid to maternal psychological problems, and professional counseling needs to be strengthened to protect women from pregnancy-specific anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Bitew T, Hanlon C, Medhin G, Fekadu A. Antenatal predictors of incident and persistent postnatal depressive symptoms in rural Ethiopia: a population-based prospective study. Reprod Health 2019; 16:28. [PMID: 30832700 PMCID: PMC6399829 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been few studies to examine antenatal predictors of incident postnatal depression, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to investigate antenatal predictors of incident and persistent maternal depression in a rural Ethiopian community in order to inform development of antenatal interventions. Method A population-based prospective study was conducted in Sodo district, south central Ethiopia. A locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess antenatal (second and third trimesters) and postnatal (4–12 weeks after childbirth) depressive symptoms, with a PHQ-9 cut-off of five or more indicating high depressive symptoms. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to identify independent predictors of persistence and incidence of postnatal depressive symptoms from a range of antenatal, clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Result Out of 1311 women recruited antenatally, 1240 (356 with and 884 without antenatal depressive symptoms) were followed up in the postnatal period. Among 356 women with antenatal depressive symptoms, the elevated symptoms persisted into postnatal period in 138 women (38.8%). Out of 884 women without antenatal depressive symptoms, 136 (15.4%) experienced incident elevated depressive symptoms postnatally. The prevalence of high postnatal depressive symptoms in the follow-up sample was 274 (22.1%). Higher intimate partner violence scores in pregnancy were significantly associated with greater risk of incident depressive symptoms [adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12]. Each 1-point increment in baseline PHQ-9 score predicted an increased risk of incidence of postnatal depressive symptoms (aRR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.45). There was no association between self-reported pregnancy complications, medical conditions or experience of threatening life events with either incidence or persistence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Psychological and social interventions to address intimate partner violence during pregnancy may be the most important priorities, able to address both incident and persistent depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12978-019-0690-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesera Bitew
- Department of Psychology, Debre Markos University, Institute of Educational and Behavioural Sciences, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. .,Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK.,Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Global Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, UK
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Prenatal stress and child development: A scoping review of research in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207235. [PMID: 30592715 PMCID: PMC6310253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psychosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the pregnancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future research. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for English-language abstracts published from Jan 1960-Jan 2017. Search terms were related to stress and psychosocial health; pregnancy; infant or child development; and LMICs. RESULTS 48 articles were identified. Sixty percent of studies were in upper-middle, 25% in lower-middle, and 15% in low income countries. Most studies used questionnaires, either existing or tailor-made, to assess stress. Eight assessed cortisol. Most studies (n = 31) assessed infant outcomes at birth, particularly gestational age or preterm birth (n = 22, 12 showing significant relationships), and birthweight (n = 21, 14 showing significant relationships). Five studies analyzed outcomes later in infancy such as temperament and motor development, all showing significant results; and nine in childhood such as behavioral development, asthma, and physical growth, with eight showing significant results. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of prenatal stress on infant and child outcomes in LMICs. Methods used in high-income countries are successfully employed in LMICs, but tailored tools remain necessary. Careful assessment of covariates is needed to foster analyses of interactive effects and pathways. Studies including longer-term follow-up should be prioritized.
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Virgara R, Maher C, Van Kessel G. The comorbidity of low back pelvic pain and risk of depression and anxiety in pregnancy in primiparous women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:288. [PMID: 29973235 PMCID: PMC6032543 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 50% of Australian women experience low back pain in pregnancy, with somewhere between 8 and 36% of women suffering from pregnancy related depression/anxiety. Both low back and pelvic pain and depression and anxiety are associated with poor maternal health outcomes, including increased sick leave, higher rates of functional disability, and increased access to healthcare. It also impacts upon time and mode of delivery with an increase in inductions and elective caesarean sections. For babies of women with depression and anxiety preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction are all common complications. Given these poor health outcomes, it is important to determine the co-morbidity of low back and pelvic pain and depression/anxiety in pregnancy. Methods A cross sectional study of a hospital based sample of 96 nulliparous women were assessed at 28 weeks as part of their routine antenatal appointment. Data was collected via interview and clinical records and included the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MODQ). Spearman’s correlation co-efficients, prevalence ratios and ANOVA were used to determine comorbidity. Results 96 women consented to participation in the study. All study outcomes were moderately correlated. There were three main findings: One, there was a positive correlation between low back and pelvic girdle pain (LBPP) and depression/anxiety was rho = 0.39, p < 0.001, between LBPP and functional disability was rho = 0.51, p < 0.001 and between risk of depression/anxiety and functional disability was rho = 0.54, p < 0.001. Two, a woman with LBPP was 13 times more likely to have increased risk of depression/anxiety, whilst a woman with increased risk of depression/anxiety was 2.2 times more likely to have LBPP and finally three, amongst women who reported LBPP, the level of disability experienced was significantly higher in women who had concurrent increased risk of depression/anxiety (p = 0.003). This occurred even though the severity of pain did not differ between groups (NRS score mean p = 0.38). Conclusions This study found a high level of co-occurrence of LBPP, functional disability and depression/anxiety in women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Importantly women who reported higher depression/anxiety symptoms appeared to experience higher levels of functional disability in relation to their LBPP, than women with lower depression/anxiety symptoms and LBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Virgara
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Haydown Road, Elizabeth Vale, SA, 5112, Australia. .,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Playford Building Level 7 Room 02, PO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research. School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Gisela Van Kessel
- School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia, City East Campus GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Ravid E, Salzer L, Arnon L, Eisner M, Wiznitzer A, Weller A, Koren L, Hadar E. Is there an association between maternal anxiety propensity and pregnancy outcomes? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:287. [PMID: 29973180 PMCID: PMC6032557 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown inconsistent associations between anxiety during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome. This inconsistency may be due to lack of controlling for the timing and type of maternal anxiety. We aimed to isolate a specific type of anxiety - maternal anxiety propensity, which is not directly related to pregnancy, and evaluate its association with adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of 512 pregnant women, followed to delivery. The trait anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventories was used in order to detect a propensity towards anxiety. The association between anxiety propensity (defined as trait-anxiety subscale score above 38) and adverse pregnancy outcome was evaluated. Primary outcome was a composite outcome including preterm birth prior to 37 gestational weeks, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, small for gestational age newborn and gestational diabetes mellitus. Secondary outcomes were each one of the above mentioned gestational complications. Results There were no significant between-group differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including the rate of preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, small for gestational age, gestational diabetes or a composite outcome of them all. Conclusion Anxiety propensity is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1925-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Ravid
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Salzer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Liat Arnon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Eisner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Arnon Wiznitzer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lee Koren
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Hadar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel.
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Bitew T, Hanlon C, Kebede E, Honikman S, Fekadu A. Antenatal depressive symptoms and perinatal complications: a prospective study in rural Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:301. [PMID: 28830395 PMCID: PMC5568236 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depressive symptoms affect around 12.3% of women in in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and data are accumulating about associations with adverse outcomes for mother and child. Studies from rural, low-income country community samples are limited. This paper aims to investigate whether antenatal depressive symptoms predict perinatal complications in a rural Ethiopia setting. METHODS A population-based prospective study was conducted in Sodo district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 1240 women recruited in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were followed up until 4 to 12 weeks postpartum. Antenatal depressive symptoms were assessed using a locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) that at a cut-off score of five or more indicates probable depression. Self-report of perinatal complications, categorised as maternal and neonatal were collected by using structured interviewer administered questionnaires at a median of eight weeks post-partum. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the association between antenatal depressive symptoms and self-reported perinatal complications. RESULT A total of 28.7% of women had antenatal depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5). Women with antenatal depressive symptoms had more than twice the odds of self-reported complications in pregnancy (OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.84, 3.23), labour (OR= 1.84 95% CI: 1.34, 2.53) and the postpartum period (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.35) compared to women without these symptoms. There was no association between antenatal depressive symptoms and pregnancy loss or neonatal death. CONCLUSION Antenatal depressive symptoms are associated prospectively with self-reports of perinatal complications. Further research is necessary to further confirm these findings in a rural and poor context using objective measures of complications and investigating whether early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms reduces these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesera Bitew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Psychology, Institute of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- 0000 0001 1250 5688grid.7123.7Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cHealth Services and Population Research Department, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Eskinder Kebede
- 0000 0001 1250 5688grid.7123.7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Simone Honikman
- 0000 0004 1937 1151grid.7836.aDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- 0000 0001 1250 5688grid.7123.7Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK ,0000 0001 1250 5688grid.7123.7Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bitew T, Hanlon C, Kebede E, Honikman S, Onah MN, Fekadu A. Antenatal depressive symptoms and utilisation of delivery and postnatal care: a prospective study in rural Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 28662641 PMCID: PMC5492297 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uptake of delivery and postnatal care remains low in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), where 99% of global maternal deaths take place. However, the potential impact of antenatal depression on use of institutional delivery and postnatal care has seldom been examined. This study aimed to examine whether antenatal depressive symptoms are associated with use of maternal health care services. METHODS A population-based prospective study was conducted in Sodo District, Southern Ethiopia. Depressive symptoms were assessed during pregnancy with a locally validated, Amharic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A cut off score of five or more indicated possible depression. A total of 1251 women were interviewed at a median of 8 weeks (4-12 weeks) after delivery. Postnatal outcome variables were: institutional delivery care utilization, type of delivery, i.e. spontaneous or assisted, and postnatal care utilization. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between antenatal depressive symptoms and the outcome variables. RESULTS High levels of antenatal depressive symptoms (PHQ score 5 or higher) were found in 28.7% of participating women. Nearly two-thirds, 783 women (62.6%), delivered in healthcare institutions. After adjusting for potential confounders, women with antenatal depressive symptoms had increased odds of reporting institutional birth [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) =1.42, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.06, 1.92] and increased odds of reporting having had an assisted delivery (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.69) as compared to women without these symptoms. However, the increased odds of institutional delivery among women with antenatal depressive symptoms was associated with unplanned delivery care use mainly due to emergency reasons (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.42) rather than planning to deliver in healthcare institutions. CONCLUSION Improved detection and treatment of antenatal depression has the potential to increase planned institutional delivery and reduce perinatal complications, thus contributing to a reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesera Bitew
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Debre Markos University, Institute of Educational and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Eskinder Kebede
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Simone Honikman
- University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Perinatal Mental Health Project, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael N Onah
- University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Perinatal Mental Health Project, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, UK.,Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Shidhaye P, Shidhaye R, Phalke V. Association of gender disadvantage factors and gender preference with antenatal depression in women: a cross-sectional study from rural Maharashtra. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:737-748. [PMID: 28393283 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal depression is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries including India. Very few studies have assessed association of various risk factors with antenatal depression in rural Indian women, especially the effect of marital conflict, gender disadvantage and gender preference on antenatal depression. This paper describes the prevalence of probable antenatal depression in rural Maharashtra, a state in the western part of India and specifically assesses the association of marital and gender disadvantage factors and gender preference for a male child with antenatal depression. METHODS Primary Health Centre-based cross-sectional survey of antenatal women in rural Maharashtra was carried out. The outcome of interest was a probable diagnosis of depression in antenatal women which was measured using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS 302 women in their antenatal period were included in this study. The outcome of antenatal depression (EPDS > 12) was found in 51 women (16.9%, 95% CI 12.6-21.1%). Feeling pressurized to deliver a male child was strongly associated with the outcome of antenatal depression (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.0; 95% CI 1.4-6.5). Unsatisfactory reaction of in-laws to dowry (adjusted OR 11.2; 95% CI 2.4-52.9) and difficult relationship with in-laws (adjusted OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.4-11.6) were also significantly associated with antenatal depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that antenatal depression in rural women of Western Maharashtra is associated with gender disadvantage factors, especially related to preference for a male child. The agenda to improve maternal mental health should be ultimately linked to address the broader social development goals and gender empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shidhaye
- Division of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Rahul Shidhaye
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. .,CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Vaishali Phalke
- Public Health Foundation of India, 19, Rishi Nagar, Char Imli, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Lau Y, Wang Y, Kwong DHK, Wang Y. Testing direct and moderating effects of coping styles on the relationship between perceived stress and antenatal anxiety symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 36:29-35. [PMID: 25541216 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2014.992410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the direct and moderating effects of different coping styles in mitigating perceived stress associated with antenatal anxiety symptoms among 755 pregnant women in Chengdu. METHODS A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey was carried out. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used to measure stress, coping and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the direct and moderating effects of coping styles in the relationship between perceived stress and antenatal anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Direct effects of negative coping (NC) styles were found. Women with higher NC scores were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Positive coping (PC) styles had moderating effects on perceived stress, whereas NC styles did not. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the direct and moderating effects of coping styles. This knowledge is important to healthcare professionals in planning health service provision. Health services should dedicate resources to teaching pregnant women how to enhance PC styles, alter NC styles and cultivate optimistic thinking to alleviate anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lau
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , China
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Bastani F. Effect of Acupressure on Maternal Anxiety in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Nurs Res 2015; 25:325-41. [PMID: 25848127 DOI: 10.1177/1054773815579344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Women with diabetes often experience a higher level of anxiety. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acupressure on relieving anxiety of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 women with GDM at a university hospital. The participants were allocated to an experimental and a placebo group (30 women per group). The experimental group received a nurse-provided acupressure at the true point, and the placebo group received pressure (touching) at a sham (false) point. Anxiety was measured immediately in the groups prior to and after a 2-day intervention by a questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that the acupressure group had significantly lower anxiety than the placebo group (p ≤ .0001). In conclusion, the effects of acupressure appeared to be effective in reducing anxiety in diabetic pregnant women.
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Srinivasan N, Murthy S, Singh AK, Upadhyay V, Mohan SK, Joshi A. Assessment of burden of depression during pregnancy among pregnant women residing in rural setting of chennai. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:LC08-12. [PMID: 26023573 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12380.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression during perinatal period leads to adverse pregnancy outcome and of child growth. Our study aimed to examine the burden of antenatal depression and associated risk factors among pregnant women living in rural settings of Chennai, a southern state of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural settings of Chennai, one of the Southern States of India during August through September 2013. Hundred pregnant women who agreed to participate were enrolled in this study. Edinburg postnatal depression scale was used to assess the depression level of the study participants. Information was also gathered about socio-demographics, obstetric and disease history, social support and marital satisfaction was gathered. Descriptive analysis was performed using univariate statistics to report means and standard deviations for the continuous variables and frequency distribution for the categorical variables. RESULTS Majority of the participants (65%) had scored 13 or higher on the Edinburg Depression Scale reflecting high likelihood of depression. Majority of the participants (66%) had been bothered due to low feeling, depressed or hopelessness during the previous month. Enriched marital satisfaction scale (p=.025) had shown significant association with Edinburg depression scale. CONCLUSION Pregnancy is very crucial period not only for mother but whole family. This study has shown very high frequency of depression among the participants. There is a need for a longitudinal study to design interventions that can address emerging burden of antenatal depression among pregnant women living in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Srinivasan
- MBBS Student, Saveetha Young Medical Researchers Group (SYMRG), Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shruti Murthy
- Public Health Researcher, Department of Public Health, Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society , New Delhi, India
| | - Awnish K Singh
- Public Health Researcher, Department of Public Health, Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society , New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Upadhyay
- Public Health Researcher, Department of Public Health, Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society , New Delhi, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Associate Professor & Vice Principal, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Foundation of Healthcare Technologies Society , New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Joshi
- Assistant Dean and Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, CUNY School of Public Health , New York, USA
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Bayrampour H, Salmon C, Vinturache A, Tough S. Effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on risk of obstetric interventions. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41:1040-8. [PMID: 25772686 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effect of prenatal mental health on the risk of obstetric interventions is unclear. The present study examined the associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms in the second and third trimesters and mode of delivery, epidural use and labor induction in a large community-based pregnancy cohort, in Alberta, Canada. MATERIAL AND METHODS Women who had singleton pregnancies, delivered in hospital, and had medical data were selected (n = 2825). Obstetric intervention data were obtained from the medical records, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Data were evaluated with multivariate multinomial and logistic regression analyses using a hierarchical modeling. RESULTS After accounting for factors known to increase the risk of each intervention, including demographic variables, smoking, hospital site, gestational age, previous history of cesarean delivery, prepregnancy body mass index, assisted conception, and antepartum risk score, the only mental health variable associated with obstetric interventions was depressive symptoms in the third trimester, which increased the risk of emergency cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.29). No associations were found between antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and other obstetric interventions. CONCLUSION The present findings support an association between depressive symptoms and adverse obstetric outcomes and suggest that anxiety and depression may have different effects on obstetric outcomes. Understanding the mechanism in which depression increases the risk of emergency cesarean birth needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bayrampour
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charleen Salmon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Babb JA, Deligiannidis KM, Murgatroyd CA, Nephew BC. Peripartum depression and anxiety as an integrative cross domain target for psychiatric preventative measures. Behav Brain Res 2015; 276:32-44. [PMID: 24709228 PMCID: PMC4185260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of early life stress has been identified as a potent risk factor for neurodevelopmental delays in infants, behavioral problems and autism in children, but also for several psychiatric illnesses in adulthood, such as depression, anxiety, autism, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite having robust adverse effects on both mother and infant, the pathophysiology of peripartum depression and anxiety are poorly understood. The objective of this review is to highlight the advantages of using an integrated approach addressing several behavioral domains in both animal and clinical studies of peripartum depression and anxiety. It is postulated that a greater focus on integrated cross domain studies will lead to advances in treatments and preventative measures for several disorders associated with peripartum depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Babb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin C Nephew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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Shidhaye P, Giri P. Maternal depression: a hidden burden in developing countries. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:463-5. [PMID: 25221688 PMCID: PMC4160664 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.139268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pr Shidhaye
- Department of Community Medicine (PSM), L.N. Medical College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pa Giri
- Department of Community Medicine (PSM), Rural Medical College of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, Maharashtra, India
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Lefkovics E, Baji I, Rigó J. IMPACT OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION ON PREGNANCIES AND ON EARLY ATTACHMENT. Infant Ment Health J 2014; 35:354-65. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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