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Abdelazeem H, Tu L, Thuillet R, Ottaviani M, Boulfrad A, Beck T, Senbel A, Mani S, Castier Y, Guyard A, Tran-Dinh A, El-Benna J, Longrois D, Silverstein AM, Guignabert C, Norel X. AMPK activation by metformin protects against pulmonary hypertension in rats and relaxes isolated human pulmonary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175579. [PMID: 36914083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with pulmonary vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. Metformin, the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been recently highlighted as a potential PH treatment. AMPK activation has been reported to improve endothelial function by enhancing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and to have relaxant effects in blood vessels. In this study, we examined the effect of metformin treatment on PH as well as on NO and PGI2 pathways in monocrotaline (MCT)-injected rats with established PH. Moreover, we investigated the anti-contractile effects of AMPK activators on endothelium-denuded human pulmonary arteries (HPA) from Non-PH and Group 3 PH patients (due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia). Furthermore, we explored the interaction between treprostinil and the AMPK/eNOS pathway. Our results showed that metformin protected against PH progression in MCT rats where it reduced the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to vehicle-treated MCT rats. The protective effects on rat lungs were mediated in part by increasing eNOS activity and protein kinase G-1 expression but not through the PGI2 pathway. In addition, incubation with AMPK activators reduced the phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-denuded HPA from Non-PH and PH patients. Finally, treprostinil also augmented eNOS activity in HPA smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, we found that AMPK activation can enhance the NO pathway, attenuate vasoconstriction by direct effects on smooth muscles, and reverse established MCT-induced PH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdelazeem
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Achraf Boulfrad
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Beck
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Amira Senbel
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma Mani
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Université de Monastir-Tunisia, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Tunisia
| | - Yves Castier
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Guyard
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France.
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Bu Y, Peng M, Tang X, Xu X, Wu Y, Chen AF, Yang X. Protective effects of metformin in various cardiovascular diseases: Clinical evidence and AMPK-dependent mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4886-4903. [PMID: 36052760 PMCID: PMC9549498 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a well-known AMPK agonist, has been widely used as the first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes. There had been a significant concern regarding the use of metformin in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to its potential lactic acidosis side effect. Currently growing clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that metformin can lower the incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients or even non-diabetic patients beyond its hypoglycaemic effects. The underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of metformin largely involve the cellular energy sensor, AMPK, of which activation corrects endothelial dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress and improves inflammatory response. In this minireview, we summarized the clinical evidence of metformin benefits in several widely studied cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, ischaemic/reperfusion injury and arrhythmia, both in patients with or without diabetes. Meanwhile, we highlighted the potential AMPK-dependent mechanisms in in vitro and/or in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Remiszewski P, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Mińczuk K, Schlicker E, Klimek J, Dzięcioł J, Malinowska B. Effects of the peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist JD5037 in mono— and polytherapy with the AMPK activator metformin in a monocrotaline-induced rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965613. [PMID: 36120288 PMCID: PMC9479636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and right heart failure. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, metformin, has a protective effect against PH. CB1 receptor blockade reduces the number of pathological alterations in experimental lung fibrosis. The current study evaluates the effect of the peripheral cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist JD5037 in mono- and polytherapy with metformin in rat monocrotaline-induced mild PH. Animals received metformin (100 mg/kg), JD5037 (3 mg/kg), or a combination of both once daily for 21 days. Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) increased right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP), led to RV and lung hypertrophy and remodeling, and decreased oxygen saturation. Metformin partially restored the monocrotaline-induced effects, i.e., decreased RVSP, increased oxygen saturation, and counteracted cardiac fibrotic, hypertrophic, and inflammatory changes. JD5037 modified parameters related to inflammation and/or fibrosis. Only polytherapy with metformin and JD5037 improved Fulton’s index and coronary artery hypertrophy and tended to be more effective than monotherapy against alterations in RVSP, oxygen saturation and coronary artery tunica media vacuolization. In conclusion, monotherapy with JD5037 does not markedly influence the PH-related changes. However, polytherapy with metformin tends to be more efficient than any of these compounds alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Remiszewski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mińczuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Justyna Klimek
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Barbara Malinowska,
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Zhang Q, Feng W, Wang Q, Wang J, Chai L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Li M, Xie X. PPARγ activation inhibits PDGF-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by modulating TERT. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113233. [PMID: 35689861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a significant feature of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and is characterized by abnormal proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), as a determining factor for controlling telomerase activity, has been proven to be associated with cell proliferation. This study aims to explore whether TERT mediates the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. Primary PASMCs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this experiment. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU incorporation assay and transwell assay, respectively. Telomerase activity was assessed with a rat TE ELISA kit. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was conducted to silence c-MYC expression. The protein levels of p-Akt, c-MYC, PPARγ and TERT were determined through western blotting. Our work demonstrates that PDGF upregulated TERT expression and telomerase activation by activating Akt and upregulating of c-MYC in PASMCs. Inhibition of Akt with LY294002, knockdown of c-MYC by siRNA or suppression of telomerase activity with BIBR1532 repressed PDGF-induced PASMC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) with pioglitazone suppressed PDGF-induced TERT expression and telomerase activation, leading to inhibition of PASMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Luongo F, Miotti C, Scoccia G, Papa S, Manzi G, Cedrone N, Toto F, Malerba C, Papa G, Caputo A, Manguso G, Adamo F, Carmine DV, Badagliacca R. Future perspective in diabetic patients with pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 28:745-755. [PMID: 35098382 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a clinical syndrome that may include multiple clinical conditions and can complicate the majority of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease is the prevalent clinical condition and accounts for two-thirds of all cases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which affects about 422 million adults worldwide, has emerged as an independent risk factor for the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients with left heart failure. While a correct diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease requires invasive hemodynamic evaluation through right heart catheterization, several scores integrating clinical and echocardiographic parameters have been proposed to discriminate pre- and post-capillary types of pulmonary hypertension. Despite new emerging evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the effects of diabetes in patients with pre- and/or post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, no specific drug has been yet approved for this group of patients. In the last few years, the attention has been focused on the role of antidiabetic drugs in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failure, both in animal models and in clinical trials. The aim of the present review is to highlight the links emerged in the recent years between diabetes and pre- and/or post-capillary pulmonary hypertension and new perspectives for antidiabetic drugs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Luongo
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Miotti
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Scoccia
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Papa
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Manzi
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Cedrone
- Internal Medicine Department, S. Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini, 385, 00157, Roma RM. Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Toto
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Malerba
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Papa
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Caputo
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Manguso
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Adamo
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Vizza Carmine
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Zolty R. Novel Experimental Therapies for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:817-857. [PMID: 34429666 PMCID: PMC8380049 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s236743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and devastating disease characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling leading to vascular rarefaction with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. Often PAH will cause death from right heart failure. Current PAH-targeted therapies improve functional capacity, pulmonary hemodynamics and reduce hospitalization. Nevertheless, today PAH still remains incurable and is often refractory to medical therapy, underscoring the need for further research. Over the last three decades, PAH has evolved from a disease of unknown pathogenesis devoid of effective therapy to a condition whose cellular, genetic and molecular underpinnings are unfolding. This article provides an update on current knowledge and summarizes the progression in recent advances in pharmacological therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Zolty
- Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lied Transplant Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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7
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Zhao Q, Song P, Zou MH. AMPK and Pulmonary Hypertension: Crossroads Between Vasoconstriction and Vascular Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691585. [PMID: 34169079 PMCID: PMC8217619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease characterized by increased blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of metabolic and redox signaling pathways. It has key roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The role of AMPK in PH is controversial because both inhibition and activation of AMPK are preventive against PH development. Some clinical studies found that metformin, the first-line antidiabetic drug and the canonical AMPK activator, has therapeutic efficacy during treatment of early-stage PH. Other study findings suggest the use of metformin is preferentially beneficial for treatment of PH associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF). In this review, we discuss the "AMPK paradox" and highlight the differential effects of AMPK on pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. We also review the effects of AMPK activators and inhibitors on rescue of preexisting PH in animals and include a discussion of gender differences in the response to metformin in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Activation of AMPK inhibits Galectin-3-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation by upregulating hippo signaling effector YAP. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3037-3049. [PMID: 33797701 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3(Gal-3) is an effective regulator in the pathological process of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the detailed mechanisms underlying Gal-3 contribution to PAH are not yet entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to explore these issues. Proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to silence the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). The protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by immunoblotting. The subcellular location of YAP was determined using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Gal-3-stimulated PASMCs proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, this was accompanied with, YAP upregulation, dephosphorylation, and nucleus translocation. Gal-3 further increased FOXM1 and cyclinD1 expression via YAP activation. Interfering YAP/FOXM1 axis suppressed Gal-3-induced PASMCs proliferation. Activation of AMPK also inhibited Gal-3-triggered cells proliferation by targeting YAP/FOXM1/cyclinD1 pathway. Gal-3 induced PASMCs proliferation by regulating YAP/FOXM1/cyclinD1 signaling cascade, and activation of AMPK targeted on this axis and suppressed Gal-3-stimulated PASMCs proliferation. Our study provides novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of PAH.
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S1P induces proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by promoting YAP-induced Notch3 expression and activation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100599. [PMID: 33781742 PMCID: PMC8094894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a natural multifunctional phospholipid, is highly increased in plasma from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and mediates proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) by activating the Notch3 signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms underpinning S1P-mediated induction of PASMCs proliferation remain unclear. In this study, using biochemical and molecular biology approaches, RNA interference and gene expression analyses, 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, we demonstrated that S1P promoted the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and subsequently upregulated the expression of the microRNA miR-135b, which further reduced the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transduction repeat-containing protein and led to a reduction in yes-associated protein (YAP) ubiquitinated degradation in PASMCs. YAP is the core effector of the Hippo pathway and mediates the expression of particular genes. The accumulation of YAP further increased the expression and activation of Notch3 and ultimately promoted the proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, we showed that preblocking S1PR2, prior silencing of STAT3, miR-135b, or YAP, and prior inhibition of Notch3 all attenuated S1P-induced PASMCs proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that S1P stimulates PASMCs proliferation by activation of the S1PR2/STAT3/miR-135b/β-transduction repeat-containing protein/YAP/Notch3 pathway, and our data suggest that targeting this cascade might have potential value in ameliorating PASMCs hyperproliferation and benefit pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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10
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Yoshida T, Matsuura K, Goya S, Ma D, Shimada K, Kitpipatkun P, Namiki R, Uemura A, Suzuki K, Tanaka R. Metformin prevents the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by decreasing serum levels of big endothelin-1. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 33093887 PMCID: PMC7571338 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with poor prognosis, and it is characterized by the progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure. Various factors are associated with the pathology of PH, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) deficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of metformin, an AMPK activator, in a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat model. Rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: i) Saline-injected group (sham group); ii) monocrotaline (MCT)-injected group (PH group); iii) MCT-injected and metformin-treated group (MT group). Four weeks following MCT injection, cardiac ultrasonography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, measurement of serum levels of big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of metformin treatment in PH. Pulmonary arterial pressure and serum big ET-1 concentrations were reduced in the MT group compared with the PH group. Medial wall thickness and wall area of the pulmonary arterioles in the MT group were decreased compared with the PH group. Comparing the right heart functional parameters among groups revealed that the acceleration time/ejection time ratio improved in the MT group compared with the PH group. Thus, the present study demonstrated the efficacy of metformin in an MCT-induced PH rat model and suggested that metformin may be a valuable, potential novel therapeutic for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Seijirow Goya
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danfu Ma
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Pitipat Kitpipatkun
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Namiki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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11
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Zhai C, Feng W, Shi W, Wang J, Zhang Q, Yan X, Wang Q, Li S, Liu L, Pan Y, Zhu Y, Chai L, Li C, Liu P, Chen Y, Li M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation by stimulating autophagy-mediated E-cadherin/CDH1 down-regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173302. [PMID: 32659302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is elevated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Meanwhile, S1P has been found to induce the activation of autophagy in several types of human diseases including cancers. However, it is still unclear whether activation of autophagy mediates S1P-induced PASMCs proliferation, and detailed mechanisms responsible for these processes are indefinite. The aims of this study are to address these issues. S1P dose- and time-dependently reduced the expression of E-cadherin/CDH1 and stimulated PASMCs proliferation; this was accompanied with the elevation of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), up-regulation and ubiquitination of BECN1 and the activation of autophagy. Prior silencing TRAF2 or BECN1 using siRNA or pre-incubation of cells with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine phosphate (CQ) suppressed S1P-induced autophagy activation and subsequent CDH1 degradation and further PASMCs proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that S1P promotes the activation of autophagy by accelerating TRAF2-mediated BECN1 up-regulation and ubiquitination, which in turn results in CDH1 reduction and contributes to PASMCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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12
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Deng M, Su D, Xu S, Little PJ, Feng X, Tang L, Shen A. Metformin and Vascular Diseases: A Focused Review on Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32457625 PMCID: PMC7227439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used in diabetes for more than 60 years and has excellent safety in the therapy of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is growing evidence that the beneficial health effects of metformin are beyond its ability to improve glucose metabolism. Metformin not only reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients, but also reduces the burden of atherosclerosis (AS) in pre-diabetes patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function is an important factor in determining the characteristics of the entire arterial vessel. Its excessive proliferation contributes to the etiology of several types of CVD, including AS, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Current studies show that metformin has a beneficial effect on VSMCs function. Therefore, this review provides a timely overview of the role and molecular mechanisms by which metformin acts through VSMCs to protect CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liqin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aizong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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13
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Li S, Zhai C, Shi W, Feng W, Xie X, Pan Y, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Liu P, Li M. Leukotriene B 4 induces proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172823. [PMID: 31770525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been found to contribute to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling therefore the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aims to address this issue. Our results demonstrate that LTB4 dose- and time-dependently induced proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMCs, this was accompanied with the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and consequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), up-regulation of β-catenin and induction of cyclin D1 expression. The presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or MEK inhibitor (U0126) or prior silencing of β-catenin with siRNA suppressed LTB4-induced cyclin D1 up-regulation and PASMCs proliferation. In addition, inactivation or lack of GSK-3β up-regulated β-catenin and cyclin D1 in PASMCs. Taken together, our study indicates that activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways mediates LTB4-induced PASMCs proliferation by modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin/cyclin D1 axis and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in alleviating vascular remodeling and benefit PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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14
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Weise-Cross L, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Redox Regulation of Ion Channels and Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:898-915. [PMID: 30569735 PMCID: PMC7061297 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevated vascular resistance due to vasoconstriction and remodeling of the normally low-pressure pulmonary vasculature. Redox stress contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease by altering the regulation and activity of membrane receptors, K+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent Advances: Antioxidant therapies have had limited success in treating PH, leading to a growing appreciation that reductive stress, in addition to oxidative stress, plays a role in metabolic and cell signaling dysfunction in pulmonary vascular cells. Reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria and NADPH oxidases has substantial effects on K+ conductance and membrane potential, and both receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Critical Issues: Some specific redox changes resulting from oxidation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation are known to modulate membrane receptor and ion channel activity in PH. However, many sites of regulation that have been elucidated in nonpulmonary cell types have not been tested in the pulmonary vasculature, and context-specific molecular mechanisms are lacking. Future Directions: Here, we review what is known about redox regulation of membrane receptors and ion channels in PH. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved is needed to better understand the etiology of PH and develop better targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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15
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Liao S, Li D, Hui Z, McLachlan CS, Zhang Y. Chronic dosing with metformin plus bosentan decreases in vitro pulmonary artery contraction from isolated arteries in adults with pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:189-195. [PMID: 31579458 PMCID: PMC6759611 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) specific drug therapy using bosentan has significantly improved quality of life and survival, although PAH is still an incurable disease. Recent studies suggest metformin may have additional treatment benefits in PAH. We therefore investigated in vitro pulmonary artery reactivity after combination therapy of bosentan and metformin in PAH patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomized study.
Methods: Adult patients with PAH associated with congenital heart defects (PAH-CHD) were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily). Vessel reactivity of isolated pulmonary arteries was examined using a wire myograph.
Results: Phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions of arteries in patients received combination therapy were significantly attenuated at concentrations of 3 × 10-7 M, 10-6 M and 3 × 10-6 M, compared to those received bosentan monotherapy. After denudation, PE-induced contractions at concentrations of 3 × 10-6 M and 10-5 M were significantly decreased in the combination therapy group. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C abrogated the inhibitory effects of metformin on PE-induced contractility. AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation in the pulmonary arteries of patients treated with combination therapy was increased compared to monotherapy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Adding metformin to bosentan therapy in patients with PAH-CHD decreased in vitro pulmonary artery contraction induced by PE, which is possibly related to increased AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Hui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Milic J, Tian Y, Bernhagen J. Role of the COP9 Signalosome (CSN) in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060217. [PMID: 31195722 PMCID: PMC6628250 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex, consisting of eight subunits termed CSN1-CSN8. The main biochemical function of the CSN is the control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-system through regulation of cullin-RING E3-ligase (CRL) activity by deNEDDylation of cullins, but the CSN also serves as a docking platform for signaling proteins. The catalytic deNEDDylase (isopeptidase) activity of the complex is executed by CSN5, but only efficiently occurs in the three-dimensional architectural context of the complex. Due to its positioning in a central cellular pathway connected to cell responses such as cell-cycle, proliferation, and signaling, the CSN has been implicated in several human diseases, with most evidence available for a role in cancer. However, emerging evidence also suggests that the CSN is involved in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. This is both due to its role in controlling CRLs, regulating components of key inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and complex-independent interactions of subunits such as CSN5 with inflammatory proteins. In this case, we summarize and discuss studies suggesting that the CSN may have a key role in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. We discuss the implicated molecular mechanisms ranging from inflammatory NF-κB signaling to proteotoxicity and necrosis, covering disease-relevant cell types such as myeloid and endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes. While the CSN is considered to be disease-exacerbating in most cancer entities, the cardiovascular studies suggest potent protective activities in the vasculature and heart. The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milic
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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17
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhu J, Li H, Zhang J, Yang G, Sun Z. Metformin Prevents Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of Autophagy and Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:117-128. [DOI: 10.1159/000498894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang CF, Zhao FY, Xu SL, Liu J, Xing XQ, Yang J. Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16755-16767. [PMID: 30932199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self-digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene- and modulator-regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy-related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy-related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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19
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Feng W, Wang J, Yan X, Zhai C, Shi W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li M. Paclitaxel alleviates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhibition of FoxO1-mediated autophagy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:605-613. [PMID: 30683943 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that activation of autophagy is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies have shown that cytosolic forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) activates autophagy in cancer cells. Paclitaxel has been found to potentially reverse PAH progression. However, the role of FoxO1 and the effects of paclitaxel on autophagy in the pathogenesis of PAH remain unknown. PAH was generated by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) to rats. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the right ventricle hypertrophy index (RV/LV+S), and the percentage of medial wall thickness (%MT) were used to detect the development of PAH. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to measure pulmonary vascular remodeling. The protein level, phosphorylation, and nucleus translocation of FoxO1 and the levels of LC3A, LC3B, and Beclin-1 were examined by immunoblotting. The results showed that in spite of reduced expression of FoxO1, elevated phosphorylation of FoxO1 caused most of FoxO1 accumulating in cytosolic fraction in MCT-PAH rats. Autophagy was also activated in the MCT-PAH group. In cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), knockdown of FoxO1 markedly blocked autophagy activation, indicating that elevation of cytosolic FoxO1 stimulates autophagy activation. Treatment of PAH rats with paclitaxel reduced FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased FoxO1 nuclear accumulation, despite increased FoxO1 expression, therefore suppressed autophagy, finally reduced elevated RVSP, RV/LV+S, and %MT in MCT-induced PAH. Taken together, paclitaxel inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling by FoxO1-mediated autophagy suppression, suggesting that paclitaxel might be a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery &Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center Medicifor Regenerativene and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Wang J, Feng W, Li F, Shi W, Zhai C, Li S, Zhu Y, Yan X, Wang Q, Liu L, Xie X, Li M. SphK1/S1P mediates TGF-β1-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and its potential mechanisms. Pulm Circ 2018; 9:2045894018816977. [PMID: 30430898 PMCID: PMC6295694 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018816977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) expression and accompanied sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production have been reported to contribute to the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and pulmonary arterial remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms of SphK1/S1P upregulation in PASMC and the specific mechanisms of how SphK1/S1P pathway promotes PASMC proliferation remain largely unclear. This study aims to address these issues. Here, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 significantly upregulated SphK1 expression and S1P production by promoting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in PASMC. Further study indicated that SphK1/S1P pathway mediated TGF-β1-induced Notch3 activation in PASMC. In addition, we showed that TGF-β1 significantly induced proliferation of PASMC, while pre-inhibition of Smad2/3 phosphorylation with SB431542 or silencing SphK1 using small interfering RNA in advance, or pre-blocking Notch3 pathway with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), attenuated TGF-β1-induced PASMC proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that Smad2/3/SphK1/S1P/Notch3 pathway mediates TGF-β1-induced PASMC proliferation and suggests this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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21
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Liao S, Li D, Hui Z, McLachlan CS, Zhang Y. Metformin added to bosentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects: a pilot study. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00060-2018. [PMID: 30151369 PMCID: PMC6104295 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00060-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Recent studies suggest metformin may be a potential drug to improve cardiac function in PAH. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of short-term treatment with a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomised study. Patients with PAH-CHD were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily). 93 patients were enrolled to bosentan monotherapy (n=48) or bosentan/metformin combination treatment (n=45). After 3 months, both treatments significantly improved World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and right heart haemodynamic parameters. The improvements in 6MWD and pulmonary vascular resistance index were significantly greater in patients treated with combination therapy than in those who received monotherapy (mean±sd 95±136 versus 48±119 m (p=0.017) and −1.8±1.2 versus −1.2±1.3 Wood units per m2 (p<0.001), respectively). Pulmonary endothelin (EDN)1 was significantly decreased after combination therapy (p=0.006). However, plasma EDN1 levels were not affected. Combination therapy with bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients provides improvements in important outcomes such as exercise capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics, compared with bosentan alone. This study investigated, for the first time, the efficacy of a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defect as compared with bosentan monotherapyhttp://ow.ly/n4nJ30kT98d
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Hui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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22
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Maniar K, Singh V, Moideen A, Bhattacharyya R, Chakrabarti A, Banerjee D. Inhalational supplementation of metformin butyrate: A strategy for prevention and cure of various pulmonary disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:495-506. [PMID: 30114633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic lung diseases such as cancer, asthma, COPD and pulmonary hypertension remains unsatisfactory till date, and several strategies are being tried to control the same. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetic drug has shown promising effects in pre-clinical studies and has been subject to several trials in patients with debilitating pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical evidence for the use of metformin in these conditions is disappointing. Recent observations suggest that metformin use in diabetic patients is associated with an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome. Butyrate, similar to metformin, shows beneficial effects in pathological conditions found in pulmonary diseases. Further, the pharmacokinetic data of metformin suggests that metformin is predominantly concentrated in the gut, even after absorption. Butyrate, on the other hand, has a short half-life and thus oral supplementation of butyrate and metformin is unlikely to result in high concentrations of these drugs in the lung. In this paper, we review the pre-clinical studies of metformin and butyrate pertaining to pathologies commonly encountered in chronic lung diseases and underscore the need to administer these drugs directly to the lung via the inhalational route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Maniar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amal Moideen
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Rajasri Bhattacharyya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India.
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23
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Sui D, Zhou H, Wang F, Zhong M, Zhang W, Ti Y. Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C gene silencing alleviates pulmonary vascular remodeling in a type 2 diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:741-752. [PMID: 29078040 PMCID: PMC6031506 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C (CIDEC) was proven to be closely associated with the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate whether CIDEC gene silencing could alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in a type 2 diabetes rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We built a type 2 diabetes rat model. An adenovirus harboring CIDEC small interfering ribonucleic acid was then injected into the jugular vein to silence the CIDEC gene. After hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining, we detected indexes of the pulmonary arterioles remodeling. Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to evaluate the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling reaction and western blotting. The levels of signaling pathway proteins expression were measured by western blotting analyses. RESULTS Histological analysis of the pulmonary artery showed that the thickness of the adventitia and medial layer increased notably in type 2 diabetes rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that more proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells could be seen in type 2 diabetes rats; and after CIDEC gene silencing, proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells decreased accordingly. Cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase measured by western blotting showed increased apoptosis with overexpressed CIDEC in diabetes. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling reaction showed that the apoptosis mainly occurred in endothelial cells. Western blotting analysis showed CIDEC overexpression in rats with diabetes, and phosphorylated adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α expression was significantly decreased. After CIDEC gene silencing, the expression of phosphorylated adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS The CIDEC/5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic candidate against pulmonary vascular diseases in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐xin Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of Respirationthe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Hui‐min Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yun Ti
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Gui D, Cui Z, Zhang L, Yu C, Yao D, Xu M, Chen M, Wu P, Li G, Wang L, Huang X. Salidroside attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance by upregulating autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:191. [PMID: 29233105 PMCID: PMC5726034 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that both adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are energy sensors and are related to autophagy. Our recent reports have shown that salidroside can exert protective effects against hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and apoptosis resistance through the AMPK pathway. This study aims to explore the relationship among AMPK, mTOR and ULK1 in PASMCs under hypoxic conditions and to investigate whether the protective effects of salidroside are related to the autophagic cell death pathway. METHODS Rat PASMCs were cultured and divided into five groups: the normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia + MHY1485 (mTOR agonist), hypoxia + rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and hypoxia + salidroside groups. Hypoxic cells were treated as indicated for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by the TUNEL assay. The autophagy flux of PASMCs was evaluated with tandem mRFP-GFP fluorescence microscopy. Autophagosomes were detected by electron microscopy. Protein expression of LC3, p62, AMPK, P-AMPK (Thr 172), P-ULK1 (Ser 555 and Ser 317), mTOR, P-mTOR (Ser 2448), ULK1 and P-ULK1 (Ser 757) was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS PASMC proliferation and apoptosis resistance were observed under hypoxic conditions. Autophagy flux, the number of autophagosomes and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased in the hypoxia group compared with the normoxia group, whereas p62 expression was decreased. Treatment with rapamycin or salidroside reversed hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and apoptosis resistance and further increased autophagy flux, autophagosome levels and the LC3II/LC3I ratio but decreased p62 expression. Treatment with MHY1485 reversed hypoxia-induced PASMC apoptosis resistance and decreased autophagy flux as well as increased autophagosome levels, the LC3II/LC3I ratio and p62 expression. P-AMPK (Thr 172) and P-ULK1 (Ser 555) of the AMPK-ULK1 pathway were increased in the hypoxia group and were further increased in the salidroside group. Rapamycin and MHY1485 had no effect on either P-AMPK (Thr 172) or P-ULK1 (Ser 555). Phosphorylation of ULK1 at serine 317 did not significantly affect the five groups. Furthermore, P-mTOR (Ser 2448) and P-ULK1 (Ser 757) of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway were decreased in the hypoxia group and were further decreased in the salidroside group. MHY1485 increased the expression of both P-mTOR(Ser 2448) and P-ULK1(Ser 757), whereas rapamycin had the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS Salidroside might inhibit hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and reverse apoptosis resistance via the upregulation of autophagy through both the AMPKα1-ULK1 and AMPKα1-mTOR-ULK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gui
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Invasive Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiliang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Xie X, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu L, Ke R, Wang J, Yan X, Yang L, Gao L, Zang W, Li M. Egr-1 mediates leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:356-362. [PMID: 29212876 PMCID: PMC5996952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been found to contribute to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling therefore the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPARγ reduction in PASMC remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that leptin dose- and time-dependently inducued PPARγ down-regulation and proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMC, this was accompanied with the activation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and subsequent induction of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) expression. The presence of MEK inhibitors U0126 or PD98059, or prior silencing Egr-1 with small interfering RNA suppressed leptin-induced PPARγ reduction. In addition, activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone or targeting ERK1/2/Egr-1 suppressed leptin-induced PASMC proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that ERK1/2 signaling pathway-mediated leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and PASMC proliferation through up-regulation of Egr-1 and suggests that targeting leptin/ERK1/2/Egr-1 pathway might have potential value in ameliorating vascular remodeling and benefit PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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26
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Li F, Zhu Y, Wan Y, Xie X, Ke R, Zhai C, Pan Y, Yan X, Wang J, Shi W, Li M. Activation of PPARγ inhibits HDAC1-mediated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and its potential mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:324-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Ke R, Xie X, Li S, Pan Y, Wang J, Yan X, Zang W, Gao L, Li M. 5-HT induces PPAR γ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72910-72920. [PMID: 29069835 PMCID: PMC5641178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) is down-regulated in pulmonary vascular lesions of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and animal models of PH. Yet, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this alteration are not fully defined; the aim of this study is to address this issue. 5-HT dose- and time-dependently reduced PPAR γ expression and promoted pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation; this was accompanied with the phosphorylation of Akt, inactivation of GSK-3β and up-regulation of β-catenin. Importantly, pre-treatment of cells with PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002) or prior silencing of β-catenin with siRNA blocked 5-HT-induced PPAR γ reduction and PASMCs proliferation. In addition, inactivation or lack of GSK-3β or inhibition of proteasome function up-regulated β-catenin protein without affecting its mRNA level and reduced PPAR γ protein expression. Taken together, our study indicates that 5-HT suppresses PPAR γ expression and stimulates PASMCs proliferation by modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin axis, and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in the management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Li S, Pan Y, Ke R, Xie X, Zhai C, Shi W, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Su X, Yang L, Gao L, Li M. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 suppresses calcineurin/NFAT- mediated TRPC6 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6088. [PMID: 28729555 PMCID: PMC5519690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) has been found to contribute to the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) has been shown to suppress TRPC6 expression in PASMCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of TRPC6 expression and PDE5 modulation of TRPC6 expression in PASMCs remain largely unclear. The aim of this study is to address these issues. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose and time-dependently up-regulated TRPC6 expression in primary cultured rat PASMCs, and this was accompanied with the activation of calcineurin and subsequent translocation of NFATc4 to the nucleus. Further study indicated that inhibition of calcineurin by cyclosporine A or knockdown of NFATc4 using small interfering RNA suppressed ET-1-induced TRPC6 up-regulation. In addition, luciferase reporter assay showed that NFATc4 directly regulated the expression of TRPC6 in PASMCs. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil suppressed ET-1-induced activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 signaling pathway and consequent TRPC6 up-regulation in PASMCs, while these inhibitory effects of sildenafil were abolished by PKG inhibitor Rp-8Br-cGMPs. Taken together, our study indicates that ET-1 stimulates TRPC6 expression by activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 signaling pathway, and inhibition of PDE5 suppresses calcineurin/NFATc4- mediated TRPC6 expression in PASMCs in a cGMP-PKG-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
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29
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Xie X, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Wang J, Shi W, Song Y, Yang L, Gao L, Zang W, Li M. MicroRNA-27a/b mediates endothelin-1-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:527-539. [PMID: 28484848 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression has been found to correlate with the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, while the molecular mechanisms underlying PPARγ reduction in PASMC remain largely unclear. The aim of the current study is to address this issue. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose- and time-dependently resulted in PPARγ reduction and proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMC, which was accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and subsequent induction of microRNA-27a/b (miR-27a/b) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that NF-κB directly bound to the promoter regions of miR-27a/b. Luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-27a/b directly regulates the expression of PPARγ in PASMC. Further study indicated that the presence of either NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or prior silencing miR-27a/b with anti-miRNA oligonucleotides suppressed ET-1-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of PASMC, while overexpression of miR-27a/b reduced PPARγ expression and enhanced PASMC proliferation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ET-1 stimulates miR-27a/b expression by activation of the NF-κB pathway, which in turn results in PPARγ reduction and contributes to ET-1-induced PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061.
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Liu L, Pan Y, Song Y, Su X, Ke R, Yang L, Gao L, Li M. Activation of AMPK α2 inhibits airway smooth muscle cells proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:235-243. [PMID: 27600020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to examine the effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) proliferation and to address its potential mechanisms. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and this in turn up-regulated S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and consequently reduced cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27) leading to ASMCs proliferation. Pre-incubation of cells with metformin, an AMPK activator, blocked PDGF-induced activation of mTOR and its downstream targets changes of Skp2 and p27 without changing Akt phosphorylation and inhibited ASMCs proliferation. Transfection of ASMCs with AMPK α2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the effect of metformin on mTOR phosphorylation, Skp2 and p27 protein expression and cell proliferation. Our study suggests that activation of AMPK, particularly AMPK α2, negatively regulates mTOR activity to suppress ASMCs proliferation and therefore has a potential value in the prevention and treatment of asthma by negatively modulating airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiaofan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Ye JX, Wang SS, Ge M, Wang DJ. Suppression of endothelial PGC-1α is associated with hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction and provides a new therapeutic target in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1233-42. [PMID: 27084848 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00356.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a principal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is a fatal disease with limited effective clinical treatments. Mitochondrial dysregulation and oxidative stress are involved in endothelial dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism and a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the roles of PGC-1α in hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction are not completely understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia reduces PGC-1α expression and leads to endothelial dysfunction in hypoxia-induced PAH. We confirmed that hypoxia has a negative impact on endothelial PGC-1α in experimental PAH in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia-induced PGC-1α inhibited the oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function, whereas sustained PGC-1α decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, and NF-κB activation and increased ATP formation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced changes in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart hypertrophy were nearly normal after intervention. These results suggest that PGC-1α is associated with endothelial function in hypoxia-induced PAH and that improved endothelial function is associated with improved cellular mitochondrial respiration, reduced inflammation and oxygen stress, and increased PGC-1α expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that PGC-1α may be a new therapeutic target in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Ye
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Dong-Jin Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; and
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Knockdown of AMPKα2 Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation via mTOR/Skp2/p27(Kip1) Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060844. [PMID: 27258250 PMCID: PMC4926378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppresses proliferation of a variety of tumor cells as well as nonmalignant cells. In this study, we used post-transcriptional gene silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to specifically examine the effect of AMPK on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and to further elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that knockdown of AMPKα2 promoted primary cultured PASMCs proliferation; this was accompanied with the elevation of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) protein level and reduction of p27(Kip1). Importantly, prior silencing of mTOR with siRNA abolished AMPKα2 knockdown-induced Skp2 upregulation, p27(Kip1) reduction as well as PASMCs proliferation. Furthermore, pre-depletion of Skp2 by siRNA also eliminated p27(Kip1) downregulation and PASMCs proliferation caused by AMPKα2 knockdown. Taken together, our study indicates that AMPKα2 isoform plays an important role in regulation of PASMCs proliferation by modulating mTOR/Skp2/p27(Kip1) axis, and suggests that activation of AMPKα2 might have potential value in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Song Y, Wu Y, Su X, Zhu Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Zhu B, Yang L, Gao L, Li M. Activation of AMPK inhibits PDGF-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation and its potential mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:117-124. [PMID: 26993101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to examine signaling mechanisms for PDGF-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) proliferation and to determine the effect of AMPK activation on PDGF-induced PASMC proliferation and its underlying mechanisms. PDGF activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and this in turn up-regulated Skp2 and consequently reduced p27 leading to PASMC proliferation. Prior incubation of PASMC with metformin induced a dramatic AMPK activation and significantly blocked PDGF-induced cell proliferation. PASMC lacking AMPKα2 were resistant to the inhibitory effect of metformin on PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Metformin did not affect Akt activation but blocked mTOR phosphorylation in response to PDGF; these were accompanied by the reversion of Skp2 up-regulation and p27 reduction. Our study suggests that the activation of AMPK negatively regulates mTOR activity to suppress PASMC proliferation and therefore has a potential value in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary hypertension by negatively modulating pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Li S, Han D, Zhang Y, Xie X, Ke R, Zhu Y, Liu L, Song Y, Yang L, Li M. Activation of AMPK Prevents Monocrotaline-Induced Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Pulmonary Artery. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2016; 22:27-33. [PMID: 26978596 PMCID: PMC4795089 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.897505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study was performed to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) – activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of pulmonary arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to address its potential mechanisms. Material/Methods PAH was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) into Sprague-Dawley rats. Metformin (MET) was administered to activate AMPK. Immunoblotting was used to determine the phosphorylation and expression of AMPK and expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Gelatin zymography was performed to determine the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Results Activation of AMPK by MET significantly reduced the right ventricle systolic pressure and the right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-induced rat PAH model, and partially inhibited the ECM remodeling of pulmonary arteries. These effects were coupled with the decrease of MMP-2/9 activity and TIMP-1 expression. Conclusions This study suggests that activation of AMPK benefits PAH by inhibiting ECM remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Enhancing AMPK activity might have potential value in clinical treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Chen X, Walther FJ, Sengers RMA, Laghmani EH, Salam A, Folkerts G, Pera T, Wagenaar GTM. Metformin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L262-70. [PMID: 26047641 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because therapeutic options are lacking for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), there is an urgent medical need to discover novel targets/drugs to treat this neonatal chronic lung disease. Metformin, a drug commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and improving vascularization. We investigated the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with 25 and 100 mg/kg metformin, injected subcutaneously in neonatal Wistar rats with severe experimental BPD, induced by continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, pulmonary fibrin and collagen deposition, vascular leakage, right ventricular hypertrophy, and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in BPD pathogenesis, including inflammation, coagulation, and alveolar development. After daily metformin treatment rat pups with experimental BPD had reduced mortality, alveolar septum thickness, lung inflammation, and fibrosis, demonstrated by a reduced influx of macrophages and neutrophils and hyperoxia-induced collagen III and fibrin deposition (25 mg/kg), as well as improved vascularization (100 mg/kg) compared with control treatment. However, metformin did not ameliorate alveolar enlargement, small arteriole wall thickening, vascular alveolar leakage, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion metformin prolongs survival and attenuates pulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis but does not affect alveolar development or prevent pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in neonatal rats with severe hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Rozemarijn M A Sengers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asma Salam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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