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Rivet-Noor CR, Merchak AR, Render C, Gay NM, Beiter RM, Brown RM, Keeler A, Moreau GB, Li S, Olgun DG, Steigmeyer AD, Ofer R, Phan T, Vemuri K, Chen L, Mahoney KE, Shin JB, Malaker SA, Deppmann C, Verzi MP, Gaultier A. Stress-induced mucin 13 reductions drive intestinal microbiome shifts and despair behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:665-680. [PMID: 38579936 PMCID: PMC11187485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent psychological condition with limited treatment options. While its etiology is multifactorial, both chronic stress and changes in microbiome composition are associated with disease pathology. Stress is known to induce microbiome dysbiosis, defined here as a change in microbial composition associated with a pathological condition. This state of dysbiosis is known to feedback on depressive symptoms. While studies have demonstrated that targeted restoration of the microbiome can alleviate depressive-like symptoms in mice, translating these findings to human patients has proven challenging due to the complexity of the human microbiome. As such, there is an urgent need to identify factors upstream of microbial dysbiosis. Here we investigate the role of mucin 13 as an upstream mediator of microbiome composition changes in the context of stress. Using a model of chronic stress, we show that the glycocalyx protein, mucin 13, is selectively reduced after psychological stress exposure. We further demonstrate that the reduction of Muc13 is mediated by the Hnf4 transcription factor family. Finally, we determine that deleting Muc13 is sufficient to drive microbiome shifts and despair behaviors. These findings shed light on the mechanisms behind stress-induced microbial changes and reveal a novel regulator of mucin 13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Rivet-Noor
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Andrea R Merchak
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caroline Render
- Undergraduate Department of Global Studies, University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Naudia M Gay
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rebecca M Beiter
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ryan M Brown
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Austin Keeler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - G Brett Moreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Deniz G Olgun
- Undergraduate Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Undergraduate Department of Neuroscience Studies, University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Rachel Ofer
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Division of Environmental & Population Health Biosciences, EOHSI, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Tobey Phan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kiranmayi Vemuri
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Division of Environmental & Population Health Biosciences, EOHSI, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keira E Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jung-Bum Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chris Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Division of Environmental & Population Health Biosciences, EOHSI, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Huang L, Cao C, Lin X, Lu L, Lin X, Liu HC, Odle J, See MT, Zhang L, Wu W, Luo X, Liao X. Zinc alleviates thermal stress-induced damage to the integrity and barrier function of cultured chicken embryonic primary jejunal epithelial cells via the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103696. [PMID: 38593549 PMCID: PMC11016803 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) could alleviate the adverse effect of high temperature (HT) on intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of Zn on primary cultured broiler jejunal epithelial cells exposed to thermal stress (TS). In Exp.1, jejunal epithelial cells were exposed to 40℃ (normal temperature, NT) and 44℃ (HT) for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. Cells incubated for 8 h had the lowest transepithelial resistance (TEER) and the highest phenol red permeability under HT. In Exp.2, the cells were preincubated with different Zn sources (Zn sulfate as iZn and Zn proteinate with the moderate chelation strength as oZn) and Zn supplemental levels (50 and 100 µmol/L) under NT for 24 h, and then continuously incubated under HT for another 8 h. TS increased phenol red permeability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and p-PKC/PKC level, and decreased TEER, cell proliferation, mRNA levels of claudin-1, occludin, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), PI3K, AKT and mTOR, protein levels of claudin-1, ZO-1 and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), and the levels of p-ERK/ERK, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT. Under HT, oZn was more effective than iZn in increasing TEER, occludin, ZO-1, PI3K, and AKT mRNA levels, ZO-1 protein level, and p-AKT/AKT level; supplementation with 50 μmol Zn/L was more effective than 100 μmol Zn/L in increasing cell proliferation, JAM-A, PI3K, AKT, and PKC mRNA levels, JAM-A protein level, and the levels of p-ERK/ERK and p-PI3K/PI3K; furthermore, supplementation with 50 μmol Zn/L as oZn had the lowest LDH activity, and the highest ERK, JNK-1, and mTOR mRNA levels. Therefore, supplemental Zn, especially 50 μmol Zn/L as oZn, could alleviate the TS-induced integrity and barrier function damage of broiler jejunal epithelial cells possibly by promoting cell proliferation and tight junction protein expression via the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xuanxu Lin
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Miles Todd See
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Wang G, Yang Y, Zhang S, Lan H, Zheng X. The biological activity and signaling profile of EGF/EGFR were affected under heat stress conditions in IEC6 cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 325:114050. [PMID: 35561788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an effective cytoprotective peptide. It is the main nutritional factor involved in the development of the intestinal tract. It has many important biological effects on the intestinal mucosa. After binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), it initiates a signal transduction cascade to jointly promote the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of various cell types. Heat stress severely affects the intestinal health of livestock and is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the yearly increase in ambient temperature and intestinal diseases. However, the effect of heat stress on the activity and signaling of EGF/EGFR in intestinal cells is still unclear. Therefore, rat intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC6) was used as a model to explore this issue, and the results showed that EGF/EGFR is internalized into IEC6 cells in a time-dependent manner under physiological conditions. However, the activity of EGF/EGFR was altered under heat stress. Furthermore, we explored the effect of heat stress on EGF/EGFR-activated signaling transduction in IEC6 cells, and the results showed that levels of factors involved in EGFR-mediated intracellular signaling (such as EGFR, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3/protein kinase B, and extracellular regulatory kinase 1/2) were downregulated under heat stress. In summary, this study shows that heat stress could damage the biological activity and intracellular signaling of EGF/EGFR. These findings have scientific importance in the field of animal husbandry; and lay the foundation for the further study of the biological activities of EGF/EGFR in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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4
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Chen S, Yong Y, Ju X. Effect of heat stress on growth and production performance of livestock and poultry: Mechanism to prevention. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103019. [PMID: 34420644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a widespread phenomenon in domestic animal feeding in tropical and sub-tropical areas that are subjected to a growing negative effect in livestock and poultry due to global warming. It leads to reduced food intake, retarded growth, intestinal disequilibrium, lower reproductive performance, immunity and endocrine disorders in livestock and poultry. Many studies show that the pathogenesis of heat stress is mainly related to oxidative stress, hormone secretion disorder, cytokine imbalance, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, and abnormal cell function. Its mechanism refers to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the fluctuation of tight junction protein and heat shock protein expression, and protein epigenetic modification. This manuscript reviews the mechanism of heat stress through an insight into the digestive, reproductive, immune, and endocrine system. Lastly, the progress in prevention and control techniques of heat stress has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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5
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Nakayasu ES, Syed F, Tersey SA, Gritsenko MA, Mitchell HD, Chan CY, Dirice E, Turatsinze JV, Cui Y, Kulkarni RN, Eizirik DL, Qian WJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Metz TO. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of Stressed Human Islets Identifies GDF15 as a Target for Type 1 Diabetes Intervention. Cell Metab 2020; 31:363-374.e6. [PMID: 31928885 PMCID: PMC7319177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the progressive loss of β cells, a process propagated by pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling that disrupts the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. To identify proteins involved in this process, we performed comprehensive proteomics of human pancreatic islets treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, leading to the identification of 11,324 proteins, of which 387 were significantly regulated by treatment. We then tested the function of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which was repressed by the treatment. We found that GDF15 translation was blocked during inflammation, and it was depleted in islets from individuals with T1D. The addition of exogenous GDF15 inhibited interleukin-1β+interferon-γ-induced apoptosis of human islets. Administration of GDF15 reduced by 53% the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Our approach provides a unique resource for the identification of the human islet proteins regulated by cytokines and was effective in discovering a potential target for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chi Yuet Chan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Computing and Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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Huang L, Yin P, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xia Z. Protective effects of L-arginine on the intestinal epithelial barrier under heat stress conditions in rats and IEC-6 cell line. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:385-396. [PMID: 31709652 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and the associated restricted blood flow to the intestine have been proven to destroy intestinal integrity. Considering the beneficial properties of L-arginine on gut function, we investigated the protective effects of L-arginine on the intestine under HS conditions. In vivo, the serum cortisol level and the rectal temperature increased in response to HS. Under HS, the intestinal damage showed obvious morphological changes. Furthermore, HS decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nurr1, ZO-1, occludin, claudin-6 and E-cadherin, increased the mRNA expression of NF-κB and IL-1β, and increased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, L-arginine supplementation maintained intestinal integrity and increased the villus/crypt ratio. L-arginine also suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes and the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, whereas it upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins and LC3B protein expression. In vitro, L-arginine attenuated HS-induced apoptosis as demonstrated by flow cytometry and decreased cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. L-arginine induced autophagy, which was demonstrated by decreased expression of p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR, and increased expression of LC3B. The protein expression levels of TJ proteins also enhanced by L-arginine in IEC-6 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that L-arginine can alleviate intestinal damage and protect the intestinal integrity by suppressing local inflammation response, promoting the production of TJs and facilitating autophagy under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Wang P, He X, Ren H, Wang F. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Autophagy Axis in Severe Burn-Induced Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier Dysfunction in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31191335 PMCID: PMC6538921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn injury induces intestinal barrier dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous studies have shown that the intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier dysfunction is associated with both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in severely burned mice, but the precise role of ER stress and autophagy in the burn-induced intestinal TJ barrier dysfunction needs to be determined. In this study, female C57/BL6 mice were assigned randomly to either sham burn or 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn. The effects of ER stress and autophagy on the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier were validated by inducing or inhibiting both ER stress and autophagy in mice treated with sham burn or burn injury. The intestinal permeability, expression, and localization of TJ proteins, ER stress, and autophagy were assessed by physiological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. The results showed that inducing ER stress with tunicamycin or thapsigargin caused the activation of autophagy, the increase of intestinal permeability, as well as the reduction and reorganization of TJ proteins in the sham-burned mice, and aggravated the burn-induced activation of autophagy, increase of intestinal permeability, as well as the reduction and reorganization of TJ proteins. In contrast, inhibiting ER stress with 4-phenylbutyrate alleviated the burn-induced activation of autophagy, increase of intestinal permeability, as well as the reduction and reorganization of TJ proteins. In addition, inducing autophagy with rapamycin resulted in the increase of intestinal permeability, as well as the reduction and reorganization of TJ proteins in the sham-burned mice, and aggravated the burn-induced increase of intestinal permeability as well as the reduction and reorganization of TJ proteins. However, inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine attenuated the burn-induced increase of intestinal permeability, as well as the reduction and reorganization TJ proteins. It is suggested that the ER stress-autophagy axis contributes to the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier dysfunction after severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Huang
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochong He
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Guan JY, Liao TT, Yu CL, Luo HY, Yang WR, Wang XZ. ERK1/2 regulates heat stress-induced lactate production via enhancing the expression of HSP70 in immature boar Sertoli cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1193-1204. [PMID: 29943101 PMCID: PMC6237689 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate produced by Sertoli cells plays an important role in spermatogenesis, and heat stress induces lactate production in immature boar Sertoli cells. Extracellular signaling regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) participates in heat stress response. However, the effect of ERK1/2 on heat stress-induced lactate production is unclear. In the present study, Sertoli cells were isolated from immature boar testis and cultured at 32 °C. Heat stress was induced in a 43 °C incubator for 30 min. Proteins and RNAs were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were detected using commercial kits. Heat stress promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, showing a reducing trend with increasing recovery time. In addition, heat stress increased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expressions, enhanced LDH activity and lactate production at 2-h post-heat stress. Pretreatment with U0126 (1 × 10-6 mol/L), a highly selective inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, reduced HSP70, GLUT3, and LDHA expressions and decreased LDH activity and lactate production. Meanwhile, ERK2 siRNA1 reduced the mRNA level of ERK2 and weakened ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Additionally, ERK2 siRNA1 reduced HSP70, GLUT3, and LHDA expressions decreased LDH activity and lactate production. Furthermore, HSP70 siRNA3 downregulated GLUT3 and LDHA expressions and decreased LDH activity and lactate production. These results show that activated ERK1/2 increases heat stress-induced lactate production by enhancing HSP70 expression to promote the expressions of molecules related to lactate production (GLUT3 and LDHA). Our study reveals a new insight in reducing the negative effect of heat stress in boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yao Guan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lian Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Luo
- College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Rong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wang H, Bi C, Wang Y, Sun J, Meng X, Li J. Selenium ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting activation of TLR2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:197. [PMID: 29925372 PMCID: PMC6011599 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) is considered an important pathogenic mechanism for the establishment of mastitis. Given the interesting link between selenium (Se) status and mastitis, our objective was to prove that Se was essential to suppress pro-inflammatory mediators, in part, by modulation of Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in bMECs. RESULTS Results showed that Se (0~ 16 μM) did not affect the growth of bMECs. The mRNA expression of TLR2, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase4 (Irak4), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase1 (Irak1) and TNF receptor-associated factor6 (Traf6) in TLR2 signal pathway were increased or significantly increased by S. aureus. Se played an important role in regulating the genes expression of TLR2, Myd88, Traf6 but not in controlling the expression of Irak4 and Irak1. In addition, Se exerted strong inhibitory effects on the genes expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by S. aureus. To further investigate the possible signaling mechanisms involved in the processes, we analyzed the role of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in inflammation response in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs in vitro. Results showed that the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB alpha (IκBα), p65, p38 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (Erk) were significantly increased in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs. It indicated that S. aureus activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. We also examined the effects of Se on the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65, p38 and Erk in NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway, which have well been proved to control the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators during inflammation. The findings are exciting, that pretreatment with Se (4, 8 μM) significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65, p38 and Erk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Se down-regulates inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expressions via TLR2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs, which may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- College of Agriculture Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Yinjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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10
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Yi G, Li L, Luo M, He X, Zou Z, Gu Z, Su L. Heat stress induces intestinal injury through lysosome- and mitochondria-dependent pathway in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40741-40755. [PMID: 28380464 PMCID: PMC5522251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the small intestine secondary to heat stroke is a major factor in heat stroke-related morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms by which heat stroke causes small intestinal lesions and dysfunction remain unclear. To explore the pathogenesis of small intestinal tissue and epithelial cell injury, the SW480 cell heat stress model and the mice heat stroke model were established to mimic heat stroke. Morphologic changes in intestinal tissue and increased TUNEL-positive index were induced by heat stress in vivo. Heat stress activated the lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SW480 cells, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and causing lysosomal membrane permeabilization with subsequent release of cathepsin B to the cytosol, mitochondrial depolarization, and cytochrome C release to cytosol. An increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were observed. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine was shown to inhibit ROS generation, suppress permeabilization of lysosomal membranes, decrease levels of cathepsin B and cytochrome C in the cytosol, and inhibit Bax/Bcl2 ratio, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity both in vitro and in vivo. Mitochondrial damage was alleviated when the models were pre-treated with CA-074 Me both in vitro and in vivo, decreasing cathepsin B and cytochrome C levels in the cytosol, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity. In our models, heat stress-induced apoptosis of small intestinal tissue and epithelial cells through accumulation of ROS and activation of the lysosomal–mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involved the release of cathepsin B. These findings may offer potentially pharmaceutical targets and strategies to repair intestinal injury caused by heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yi
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xuan He
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zou
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, P.R. China
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11
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Mei C, He SS, Yin P, Xu L, Shi YR, Yu XH, Lyu A, Liu FH, Jiang LS. Magnolol pretreatment attenuates heat stress-induced IEC-6 cell injury. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:413-24. [PMID: 27256675 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental stressor that adversely influences livestock during the summer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether magnolol protects against HS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) was subjected to HS at 42 °C, with and without magnolol pretreatment. Cell injury was detected by monitoring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay was used to assess cell proliferation and viability, including identifying effective concentrations of magnolol. Flow cytometry confirmed G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and its alleviation by magnolol. Active DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of nucleic acid 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). G1-phase cell-cycle-related gene expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and levels of G1-phase-related proteins by Western blotting. RESULTS HS induced IEC-6 cell injury and decreased cell viability, as demonstrated by data from LDH and MTS assays, respectively. Based on a number of criteria, IEC-6 cells subjected to HS were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Magnolol pretreatment decreased HS-induced cell injury through relief of this cell-cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Magnolol pretreatment attenuates HS-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. Magnolol is potentially promising as a protective strategy for HS in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sha-Sha He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ya-Ran Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - An Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng-Hua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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12
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Xu L, He S, Yin P, Li D, Mei C, Yu X, Shi Y, Jiang L, Liu F. Punicalagin induces Nrf2 translocation and HO-1 expression via PI3K/Akt, protecting rat intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:465-73. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Liu X, Jiang L, Liu F, Chen Y, Xu L, Li D, Ma Y, Li H, Xu J. Effect of patchouli alcohol on the regulation of heat shock-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:474-82. [PMID: 27056378 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1147617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patchouli alcohol (PA) is used to treat gastrointestinal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the function of PA in the regulated process of oxidative stress in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). Materials and methods Oxidative stress was stimulated by exposing IEC-6 cells to heat shock (42 °C for 3 h). IEC-6 cells in treatment groups were pretreated with various concentrations of PA (10, 40, and 80 ng/mL) for 3 h before heat shock. Results Heat shock caused damage to the morphology of IEC-6 cells, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression by target genes related to oxidative stress in heat shock were also altered. Specifically, the mRNA expression by HSP70, HSP90, GSH-px, NRF2 nd HO-1were all increased, and Nrf2 and Keap1 protein expression were increased after heat shock. However, pretreatment with PA weakened the level of damage to the cellular morphology, and decreased the MDA content caused by heat shock, indicating PA had cytoprotective activities. Pretreatment with PA at high dose significantly increased generation of intracellular ROS. Compared with the heat shock group alone, PA pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression by HSP70, HSP90, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, KEAP1 and HO-1. Furthermore, the high dose of PA significantly increased Nrf2 protein expression, while both the intermediate and high dose of PA significantly increased HO-1 protein expression. Conclusion Heat-shock-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells, and PA could alleviate the Nrf2-Keap1 cellular oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- a China Agricultural University-Beijing University of Agriculture Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (CAU-BUA TCVM) Teaching and Research Team, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing
| | - Linshu Jiang
- b Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- b Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Yuping Chen
- a China Agricultural University-Beijing University of Agriculture Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (CAU-BUA TCVM) Teaching and Research Team, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing ;,c Beijing Tong Ren Tang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Lei Xu
- b Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Deyin Li
- b Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- a China Agricultural University-Beijing University of Agriculture Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (CAU-BUA TCVM) Teaching and Research Team, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing
| | - Huanrong Li
- b Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing , China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- a China Agricultural University-Beijing University of Agriculture Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (CAU-BUA TCVM) Teaching and Research Team, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing
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Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Cortex on Recovery from the Forced Swimming Test and Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Liver and Skeletal Muscle of mice. THE NATURAL PRODUCTS JOURNAL 2016; 6:49-55. [PMID: 28553575 PMCID: PMC5427804 DOI: 10.2174/2210315506999151207145020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The root and stem barks of Eleutherococcus senticosus have been used to treat emotional and physical fatigue in China, Russia, Korea, and Japan. The effects of E. senticosus on recovery from physical fatigue and the expenditure of energy currently remain unclear. We herein examined the effects of E. senticosus extract on recovery from physical fatigue after the forced swimming test as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice. METHODS 1) Physical fatigue; E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg, twice daily) was administered orally to ICR male mice for 7 consecutive days. After swimming had been performed for 15 min, each mouse was placed on the cover of a 100-mm culture plate, and the time for each mouse to move away from the cover was measured. 2) Fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle; E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg) was administered orally twice daily to C57BL/6J male mice for 21 consecutive days. The initial and final body and liver weight were measured, and then fatty acid β-oxidation activity in the liver and skeletal muscle was measured by methods using [1-14C] palmitic acid. KEY FINDINGS Recovery times after forced swimming were shorter in E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg)-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. The body and liver weight had no effect by the oral administration of E. senticosus extract, vitamin mixture and L-carnitine. Fatty acid β-oxidation activity in skeletal muscle was increased by E. senticosus extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg). CONCLUSION E. senticosus may enhance recovery from physical fatigue induced by forced swimming by accelerating energy changes through fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Sumiyoshi
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Research, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kimura
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Research, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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15
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Yin P, Xu J, He S, Liu F, Yin J, Wan C, mei C, Yin Y, Xu X, Xia Z. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Heat- and Shake-Induced Injury in the Rat Small Intestine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143922. [PMID: 26636675 PMCID: PMC4670120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms underlying damage to rat small intestine in heat- and shake-induced stress. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a 3-day stressed group treated 2 h daily for 3 days on a rotary platform at 35°C and 60 r/min. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections of the jejunum following stress revealed shedding of the villus tip epithelial cells and lamina propria exposure. Apoptosis increased at the villus tip and extended to the basement membrane. Photomicrographs revealed that the microvilli were shorter and sparser; the nuclear envelope invaginated and gaps in the karyolemma increased; and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelled significantly. Gene microarray analysis assessed 93 differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis, ER stress, and autophagy. Relevant genes were compiled from the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Forty-one genes were involved in the regulation of apoptosis, fifteen were related to autophagy, and eleven responded to ER stress. According to KEGG, the apoptosis pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and regulation of autophagy were involved. Caspase3 (Casp3), caspase12 (Casp12), and microtubule-associate proteins 1 light chain 3(LC3) increased significantly at the villus tip while mTOR decreased; phosphorylated-AKT (P-AKT) decreased. ER stress was involved and induced autophagy and apoptosis in rat intestinal damage following heat and shake stress. Bioinformatic analysis will help determine the underlying mechanisms in stress-induced damage in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Shasha He
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (YY); (FL)
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Changrong Wan
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (YY); (FL)
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (YY); (FL)
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Liu T, Wan C, Liu X, Gao Z, Hou X, Jiang L, Liu F. Activation of transcription factor AP-1 in response to thermal injury in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:83. [PMID: 26162907 PMCID: PMC4498520 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies indicated that heat stress can cause significant damage to the intestinal epithelium and induce differential expression of many genes in rat small intestine. The transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB, which act as important mediators by binding to specific DNA sequences within gene promoters, regulate the transcription of genes associated with immune regulation, stress response and cell fate. METHODS To determine whether AP-1 and NF-κB are involved in hyperthermia-induced injury in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells, we investigated their activity, and the expression of related proteins, by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Heat stress resulted in severe damage to the epithelium of the small intestine. The cell morphology and viability were obviously altered when IEC-6 cell was exposed to hyperthermia. AP-1 was activated in the small intestine of heat-stressed rats, as was phosphorylation of the JNK signaling pathway. In IEC-6 cell line, AP-1 activation in groups exposed to 42 °C for 1 h, 2 h and 4 h was significantly increased. In contrast, NF-κB was not activated in both in vivo and in vitro models. CONCLUSION These results reveal that AP-1 is likely to play an important role in regulating gene transcription in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells during exposure to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Changrong Wan
- TCVM Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,TCVM Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
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Dong S, Li H, Gasco L, Xiong Y, Guo K, Zoccarato I. Antioxidative activity of the polyphenols from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume and their mitigating effects on heat stress. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1096-104. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Liu X, Shi Y, Hou X, Wan C, He S, Chong X, Liu M, Li H, Liu F. Microarray analysis of intestinal immune-related gene expression in heat-stressed rats. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 30:324-7. [PMID: 25144822 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.939722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate immune-related gene expression in rat small intestine after heat stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control and heat-stressed groups. Rats in both groups were housed at 25 °C with 60% relative humidity. The heat-stressed group was subjected to 40 °C for 2 h/day for 3 days. After heat stress, the mRNA expression profile of small intestine epithelial tissue was evaluated by microarray analysis. RESULTS A total of 23 genes related to immune responses were significantly altered, of which 12 genes were up-regulated and 11 genes were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Microarray analysis demonstrated the JAK-STAT pathway had a potentially important role in the regulation of inflammation in the small intestine, and changes in antigen presentation might reduce intestinal immune responses after heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- China Agricultural University-Beijing University of Agriculture Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (CAU-BUA TCVM) Teaching and Research Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing
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Liu M, Song S, Li H, Jiang X, Yin P, Wan C, Liu X, Liu F, Xu J. The protective effect of caffeic acid against inflammation injury of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2856-65. [PMID: 24612802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid possesses multiple biological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer growth; however, what effects it has on bovine mastitis have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the antiinflammatory properties of caffeic acid on the inflammatory response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible underlying mechanism. Bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of LPS for 3, 6, 12, and 18 h; the results showed that LPS significantly inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12h, the cell membrane permeability significantly increased, which promoted cell apoptosis. Various concentrations (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) of caffeic acid could weaken the inflammation injury of bMEC induced by LPS without cytotoxicity. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) from bMEC were decreased. Nuclear transcription factor κB activity was weakened via blocking κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation. All these showed that the protective effect of caffeic acid on LPS-induced inflammation injury in bMEC was at least partly achieved by the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by the effect of reducing the κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation in the nuclear transcription factor κB pathway. The use of caffeic acid would be beneficial in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis as a safe and natural antiinflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shixiu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huanrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Changrong Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Lucioli J, Pinton P, Callu P, Laffitte J, Grosjean F, Kolf-Clauw M, Oswald IP, Bracarense APFRL. The food contaminant deoxynivalenol activates the mitogen activated protein kinases in the intestine: interest of ex vivo models as an alternative to in vivo experiments. Toxicon 2013; 66:31-6. [PMID: 23403092 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecenes induce changes in the intestinal barrier function through decreased expression of cell junction proteins and apoptosis of enterocytes. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) play an important role in the signaling pathways of cell turnover and differentiation. Using ex vivo and in vivo approaches, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of low doses of DON to induce histological changes in the intestine and to activate the MAPK ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK. Twelve weaning piglets received during four weeks a control diet or a DON-contaminated diet (2.3 mg DON/kg feed). Six weaning piglets were used to prepare jejunal explants (ex vivo model). Explants were exposed during 4 h to vehicle, 5 or 10 μM DON. Intestinal changes were graded using a histological score. Pigs fed a DON-diet and explants exposed to DON showed a significant decrease in the jejunal score. In both models, the toxin significantly enhanced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38, whereas the increased phosphorylation of JNK was non significant. Taken together these results indicate that in vivo or ex vivo exposure of intestinal tissue to DON lead to similar intestinal lesions and activation of MAPK. These effects could impair the homeostasis of intestinal tissue in the aspects of barrier function and immune protection. The similarity of the in vivo and ex vivo results provides also strong evidence that the jejunal explant model is a good alternative for toxicological studies in intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelma Lucioli
- INRA, UMR 1331, ToxAlim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F 31027 Toulouse, France
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the immune-enhancing effects of dietaryl-glutamine supplementation in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected mice, and to examine the clearance effects of glutamine against PCV2 in experimentally infected mice. A total of sixty Kunming female mice were infected with PCV2 at a dose of 100 TCID50(50 % tissue culture infection dose) by intraperitoneal injection after 2 weeks of dietaryl-glutamine supplementation orl-alanine supplementation (as the control (isonitrogenous) group). The measured variables on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th d post-infection (dpi) included: (1) PCV2 virus loaded in the liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, ovary and serum was determined by real-time PCR; (2) IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and C-reactive protein levels in serum were measured by ELISA; (3) serum total superoxide dismutase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm absorbance. Dietaryl-glutamine supplementation significantly increased serum IL-2 levels on the 3rd (P< 0·01), 5th (P< 0·01), 7th (P< 0·05) and 9th dpi, significantly (P< 0·05) increased serum IL-6 levels on 3rd dpi, significantly (P< 0·05) increased serum IFN-γ levels on the 9th and 11th dpi and significantly decreased (P< 0·01) serum IL-10 levels on the 9th and 11th dpi, compared with those in the control group. Meanwhile, the PCV2 virus genome was detected sporadically throughout the experimental period in both groups. Taken together, the present results suggest that dietaryl-glutamine supplementation enhances immune function in PCV2-infected mice.
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Yu J, Liu F, Yin P, Zhao H, Luan W, Hou X, Zhong Y, Jia D, Zan J, Ma W, Shu B, Xu J. Involvement of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in heat stress-induced injury in the rat small intestine. Stress 2013; 16:99-113. [PMID: 22452662 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2012.680526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme heat stress-induced gastrointestinal injury and dysfunction may occur during summer. We investigated possible mechanisms of heat stress-induced damage in the small intestine using male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to 2 h of heat stress (40 °C, 60% relative humidity) daily for 10 consecutive days. Rats were killed at specific times immediately following heat treatment to determine: morphological changes by optical and electron microscopy; intestinal permeability using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran; production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide-dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase by specific assays; phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by immunocytochemistry and western-blot analysis. The rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) and specific MAPK inhibitors were used for in vitro investigation of effects of activation of MAPKs by heat stress. Heat stress caused marked morphological damage to the small intestine and significantly increased intestinal permeability. Heat stress increased ROS and MDA production, and significantly reduced anti-oxidase activity. MAPK activity in small intestine was increased by heat stress. In vitro, heat stress caused damage and apoptosis in IEC-6 cells; inhibition of ERK1/2 activation (by U0126) exacerbated these effects, which were attenuated by inhibition of JNK (by SP600125) and p38 (by SB203580) activation. Hence, heat stress caused severe small intestine injury, increased oxidative stress, and activated MAPK signaling pathways. The in vitro studies indicated that ERK1/2 activation is anti-apoptotic, and JNK and p38 activation are pro-apoptotic in heat stressed intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Ding B, Yi D, Wang C, Sun D, Hou Y, Wang L, Gong J. Diet Supplementation of Silymarin Increased the Antioxidantive Capacity in Cumene Hydroperoxide-Challenged Ducks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.2986.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Niederlechner S, Klawitter J, Baird C, Kallweit AR, Christians U, Wischmeyer PE. Fibronectin-integrin signaling is required for L-glutamine's protection against gut injury. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185570 PMCID: PMC3502344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilization and fibronectin (FN)-Integrin signaling can mediate cellular protection. L-glutamine (GLN) is known to prevent apoptosis after injury. However, it is currently unknown if ECM stabilization and FN-Integrin osmosensing pathways are related to GLN’s cell protective mechanism in the intestine. Methods IEC-6 cells were treated with GLN with or without FN siRNA, integrin inhibitor GRGDSP, control peptide GRGESP or ERK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 and UO126 under basal and stressed conditions. Cell survival measured via MTS assay. Phosphorylated and/or total levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, Bcl-2, heat shock proteins (HSPs), ERK1/2 and transcription factor HSF-1 assessed via Western blotting. Cell size and F-actin morphology quantified by confocal fluorescence microscopy and intracellular GLN concentration by LC-MS/MS. Results GLN’s prevention of FN degradation after hyperthermia attenuated apoptosis. Additionally, inhibition of FN-Integrin interaction by GRGDSP and ERK1/2 kinase inhibition by PD98059 inhibited GLN’s protective effect. GRGDSP attenuated GLN-mediated increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and HSF-1 levels. PD98059 and GRGDSP also decreased HSP levels after GLN treatment. Finally, GRGDSP attenuated GLN-mediated increases in cell area size and disrupted F-actin assembly, but had no effect on intracellular GLN concentrations. Conclusion Taken together, this data suggests that prevention of FN degradation and the FN-Integrin signaling play a key role in GLN-mediated cellular protection. GLN’s signaling via the FN-Integrin pathway is associated with HSP induction via ERK1/2 and HSF-1 activation leading to reduced apoptosis after gut injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Niederlechner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
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Liu X, Li H, Lu A, Zhong Y, Hou X, Wang N, Jia D, Zan J, Zhao H, Xu J, Liu F. Reduction of intestinal mucosal immune function in heat-stressed rats and bacterial translocation. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:756-65. [PMID: 23094661 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.729173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to further understand the effects and mechanism of heat stress on the intestinal mucosal immune system of the rat, including changes in the intestinal mucosal barrier and immune function and their effects on bacterial translocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control and heat-stress groups. Both groups were housed in a 25°C environment of 60% relative humidity. The heat-stress group was subjected to 40°C for 2 h daily over 3 days. RESULTS Compared with the control group villi length in the small intestines of the heat-stress group was shortened. Jejunal mucosa were seriously damaged and the number of goblet cells in the epithelia of the duodenum and jejunum was significantly reduced. Electron microscopy revealed intestinal mucosal disorder, a large number of exudates of inflammatory fibrous material, fuzzy tight junction structure between epithelial cells, and cell gap increases in the heat-stress group. Transcription of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, was significantly reduced, as was that of the intestinal mucosal immune-related proteins TLR2, TLR4, and IgA. The number of CD3(+) T cells and CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(-) T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was significantly lower, while the number of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(+) T cells was significantly increased. The bacteria isolated from the MLNs were Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS Heat stress damages rat intestinal mechanical and mucosal immune barriers, and reduces immune function of the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymphoid tissues, leading to bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
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Kim JH, Kim EH, Ock C, Hong H, Kim YJ, Kwon KA, Park DK, Hahm KB. Mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress with revaprazan ameliorates stress-related mucosal disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:120-9. [PMID: 21722181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The term "stress-related mucosal disease" (SRMD) represents conditions ranging from superficial mucosal damage to focal deep mucosal damage in the stomach, of which pathogenesis is deduced to be violent mucosal ischemia or excess oxidative stress, but not fully clarified yet. Under the hypothesis that mucosal cell apoptosis subsequent to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might play a crucial role, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanism that novel acid pump antagonist (APA), revaprazan, alleviated water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced SRMD in rats. METHODS In order to define whether WIRS-induced SRMD is associated with ER stress, we checked the alteration in the expression of ER stress markers including GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1, BiP as well as apoptosis in WIRS-induced SRMD. The efficacy of revaprazan on either alleviating ER stress or attenuating SRMD was compared with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and gastroprotectant. RESULTS Ten hours of WIRS induced a severe degree of SRMD, in which ER stress markers including CHOP, XBP1, and BiP were significantly overexpressed in the gastric tissues. However, these markers of ER stress were significantly decreased in the group pretreated with revaprazan compared to PPI or gastroprotectant, accompanied with a significant reduction in apoptotic index. In addition to ER stress, revaprazan imposed anti-inflammatory benefit to limit SRMD based on significant levels of inflammatory cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied with drastic apoptosis was implicated in the development of SRMD, but revaprazan could rescue the stomach from SRMD through alleviating ER stress in epithelial cells much better than either PPI or gastroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology Gil Medical Center, Gachon Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Zhou X, Wu X, Yin Y, Zhang C, He L. Preventive oral supplementation with glutamine and arginine has beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa and inflammatory cytokines in endotoxemic rats. Amino Acids 2011; 43:813-21. [PMID: 22068917 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with a combination of arginine and glutamine on the intestinal mucosa and inflammatory cytokines of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced adult rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (average weight of 185 ± 15 g) were randomly divided into five groups: control group A (CA) and control group B (CB), both orally supplemented with 0.9% saline; group Arg, supplemented with 300 mg/kg day(-1) arginine; group Gln, supplemented with 300 mg/kg day(-1) glutamine; group AG, supplemented with 150 mg/kg day(-1) arginine and 150 mg/kg day(-1) glutamine. The experiment lasted for 2 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured during the experiment. At 10.00 h of day 15, animals were injected with 4 mg/kg LPS (group CB, Arg, Gln, and AG) or sterile saline (group CA) after supplementation. Then at 14.00 h, all animals were killed and blood and tissue collected. The results showed that compared with group CB, arginine concentration tended to be increased (P > 0.05) in group Arg and AG, while there was no significant difference in glutamine concentration among the groups challenged with LPS. Oral supplementation with arginine or/and glutamine mitigated morphology impairment (lower villus height, P < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum induced by LPS challenge. LPS administration resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA abundance. Arginine only significantly decreased TNF-α mRNA abundance in the ileum, while glutamine significantly decreased both TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA in the ileum. A combination of arginine and glutamine significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA abundance in both the jejunum and ileum, while they also significantly decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the ileum. These results revealed that an oral supply of combined arginine and glutamine had more favorable effects on the intestinal mucosa and inflammatory cytokines than a supply of arginine or glutamine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
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Lu A, Wang H, Hou X, Li H, Cheng G, Wang N, Zhu X, Yu J, Luan W, Liu F, Xu J. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles of rat small intestine in response to heat stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:655-67. [PMID: 21482723 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111403928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is a critical factor that affects biological organisms in many ways. In this study, the authors investigated gene expression changes in rat small intestine in response to heat stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and heat-stressed groups. Both groups were housed at 25 °C, although the heat-stressed group was also subjected to 40 °C for 2 h each day for 10 successive days. Rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 6, and 10 days after heat treatment, and sections of their small intestine epithelial tissue were excised for morphological examination and microarray analyses. The rat rectal and body surface temperatures and serum cortisol levels were all significantly increased after heat treatment (p < 0.05). The jejuna were significantly damaged by 3 days after heat treatment began. Microarray analysis showed that 422 genes were differentially expressed, of which 290 genes were significantly upregulated and 132 genes were significantly downregulated. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to stress, immune regulation, and metabolism processes. The bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed genes should be beneficial to further investigations on the underlying mechanisms involved in heat stress-induced damage in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Lu
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching & Research Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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Integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in response to heat stress-induced injury in rat small intestine. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 11:203-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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