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Bazan HEP, Pham TL. A new R,R-RvD6 isomer with protective actions following corneal nerve injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 170:106802. [PMID: 38036037 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The transparent cornea is the most densely innervated tissue in the body, primarily by sensory nerves originating from the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Damage to corneal nerves reduces sensitivity and tear secretion and results in dry eye. Consequently, ocular pain, for which no satisfactory therapies exist, arises in many cases. Treatment of injured corneas with pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) stimulates nerve regeneration in models of refractive surgery, which damages nerves. The mechanism involves the synthesis of a stereoisomer of resolvin D6 (R,R-RvD6) formed after incorporating DHA into membrane lipids. Activation of a PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) with phospholipase activity releases DHA to synthesize the new resolvin isomer, which is secreted via tears. Topical treatment of mice corneas with R,R-RvD6 shows higher bioactivity in regenerating nerves and increasing sensitivity compared to PEDF+DHA. It also stimulates a transcriptome in the TG that modulates genes involved in ocular pain. Our studies suggest an important therapeutic role for R,R-RvD6 in regenerating corneal nerves and decreasing pain resulting from dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Thang L Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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2
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Schwend T. Wiring the ocular surface: A focus on the comparative anatomy and molecular regulation of sensory innervation of the cornea. Differentiation 2023:S0301-4681(23)00010-5. [PMID: 36997455 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is richly innervated with sensory nerves that function to detect and clear harmful debris from the surface of the eye, promote growth and survival of the corneal epithelium and hasten wound healing following ocular disease or trauma. Given their importance to eye health, the neuroanatomy of the cornea has for many years been a source of intense investigation. Resultantly, complete nerve architecture maps exist for adult human and many animal models and these maps reveal few major differences across species. Interestingly, recent work has revealed considerable variation across species in how sensory nerves are acquired during developmental innervation of the cornea. Highlighting such species-distinct key differences, but also similarities, this review provides a full, comparative anatomy analysis of sensory innervation of the cornea for all species studied to date. Further, this article comprehensively describes the molecules that have been shown to guide and direct nerves toward, into and through developing corneal tissue as the final architectural pattern of the cornea's neuroanatomy is established. Such knowledge is useful for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the anatomical and molecular basis of corneal nerve pathologies and to hasten neuro-regeneration following infection, trauma or surgery that damage the ocular surface and its corneal nerves.
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Neuroimmune crosstalk in the cornea: The role of immune cells in corneal nerve maintenance during homeostasis and inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101105. [PMID: 35868985 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the cornea, resident immune cells are in close proximity to sensory nerves, consistent with their important roles in the maintenance of nerves in both homeostasis and inflammation. Using in vivo confocal microscopy in humans, and ex vivo immunostaining and fluorescent reporter mice to visualize corneal sensory nerves and immune cells, remarkable progress has been made to advance our understanding of the physical and functional interactions between corneal nerves and immune cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies relating to corneal immune cells and sensory nerves, and their interactions in health and disease. In particular, we consider how disrupted corneal nerve axons can induce immune cell activity, including in dendritic cells, macrophages and other infiltrating cells, directly and/or indirectly by releasing neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. We summarize growing evidence that the role of corneal intraepithelial immune cells is likely different in corneal wound healing versus other inflammatory-dominated conditions. The role of different types of macrophages is also discussed, including how stromal macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes communicate with corneal nerves to provide neuroprotection, while macrophages with pro-inflammatory phenotypes, along with other infiltrating cells including neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, can be inhibitory to corneal re-innervation. Finally, this review considers the bidirectional interactions between corneal immune cells and corneal nerves, and how leveraging this interaction could represent a potential therapeutic approach for corneal neuropathy.
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Yong SJ, Yong MH, Teoh SL, Soga T, Parhar I, Chew J, Lim WL. The Hippocampal Vulnerability to Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:695738. [PMID: 34483839 PMCID: PMC8414573 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.695738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a possible infectious etiology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been proposed since the 1980s. The accumulating research thus far continues to support the association and a possible causal role of HSV-1 in the development of AD. HSV-1 has been shown to induce neuropathological and behavioral changes of AD, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, as well as memory and learning impairments in experimental settings. However, a neuroanatomical standpoint of HSV-1 tropism in the brain has not been emphasized in detail. In this review, we propose that the hippocampal vulnerability to HSV-1 infection plays a part in the development of AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Henceforth, this review draws on human studies to bridge HSV-1 to hippocampal-related brain disorders, namely AD and aMCI/MCI. Next, experimental models and clinical observations supporting the neurotropism or predilection of HSV-1 to infect the hippocampus are examined. Following this, factors and mechanisms predisposing the hippocampus to HSV-1 infection are discussed. In brief, the hippocampus has high levels of viral cellular receptors, neural stem or progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) that support HSV-1 infectivity, as well as inadequate antiviral immunity against HSV-1. Currently, the established diseases HSV-1 causes are mucocutaneous lesions and encephalitis; however, this review revises that HSV-1 may also induce and/or contribute to hippocampal-related brain disorders, especially AD and aMCI/MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Min Hooi Yong
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Aging Health and Well-being Research Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Aging Health and Well-being Research Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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5
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He J, Pham TL, Bazan HEP. Neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of rat cornea: Changes with age. Ocul Surf 2020; 20:86-94. [PMID: 33340717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the entire rat corneal nerve architecture, the changes that occur with aging, and its sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fiber distribution. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 1 day to 2 years old) of both sexes were euthanized, and the whole corneas were immunostained with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). The specimens were double-labeled with antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) as sensory nerve markers, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a parasympathetic nerve marker, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as markers of sympathetic fibers. Relative nerve density positive for each antibody was assessed by computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS Thick nerve trunks enter the cornea in the middle of the stroma and run towards the anterior stroma, subsequently dividing into smaller branches that penetrate upwards into the epithelium to form the subbasal nerve bundles. There was no significant difference in corneal innervation between sexes. CGRP and SP were the major sensory neuropeptides with 47.6% ± 3.5% and 34.9% ± 5.1%, respectively, of the total nerves. VIP was 18.4% ± 5.7%, and NPY and TH positive fibers took up 6.92% ± 2.66% and 2.92% ± 1.52%, respectively. Epithelial nerve density increased with age, reached full development at 5 weeks, and decreased at 120 weeks. CONCLUSION This study provides a complete nerve architecture and content of components of sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerves in the rat cornea. The normal innervation pattern described here will provide an essential baseline for investigators who use the rat model for assessing corneal pathologies that involve nerve alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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6
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Wang L, Wang R, Xu C, Zhou H. Pathogenesis of Herpes Stromal Keratitis: Immune Inflammatory Response Mediated by Inflammatory Regulators. Front Immunol 2020; 11:766. [PMID: 32477330 PMCID: PMC7237736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is one of the primary diseases that cause vision loss or even blindness after herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection. HSK-associated vision impairment is predominantly due to corneal scarring and neovascularization caused by inflammation. In the infected cornea, HSV can activate innate and adaptive immune responses of host cells, which triggers a cascade of reactions that leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, microRNA, and other regulatory factors that have stimulating or inhibitory effects on tissue. Physiologically, host cells show homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the factors involved in HSK pathogenesis from the perspective of immunity, molecules, and pathological angiogenesis. We also describe in detail the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lesions of the corneal stroma in response to HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Runbiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Chuyang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Royer DJ, Echegaray-Mendez J, Lin L, Gmyrek GB, Mathew R, Saban DR, Perez VL, Carr DJ. Complement and CD4 + T cells drive context-specific corneal sensory neuropathy. eLife 2019; 8:48378. [PMID: 31414985 PMCID: PMC6783265 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether complement dysregulation directly contributes to the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system diseases, including sensory neuropathies, is unclear. We addressed this important question in a mouse model of ocular HSV-1 infection, where sensory nerve damage is a common clinical problem. Through genetic and pharmacologic targeting, we uncovered a central role for C3 in sensory nerve damage at the morphological and functional levels. Interestingly, CD4 T cells were central in facilitating this complement-mediated damage. This same C3/CD4 T cell axis triggered corneal sensory nerve damage in a mouse model of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, this was not the case in a T-dependent allergic eye disease (AED) model, suggesting that this inflammatory neuroimmune pathology is specific to certain disease etiologies. Collectively, these findings uncover a central role for complement in CD4 T cell-dependent corneal nerve damage in multiple disease settings and indicate the possibility for complement-targeted therapeutics to mitigate sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | | | - Liwen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Daniel Jj Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
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8
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He J, Pham TL, Bazan HEP. Mapping the entire nerve architecture of the cat cornea. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:345-352. [PMID: 30701644 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a complete nerve architecture and neuropeptide distribution in the cat cornea. ANIMALS STUDIED Two adult domestic cats. PROCEDURE The cat corneas were stained with protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 antibody-a pan marker for nerve fibers-and then divided into four quarters and double labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP) antibodies. Relative corneal nerve fiber densities and nerve terminals were evaluated in whole mount images by computer-assisted analysis. RESULTS An average of 21.5 ± 2.1 thick stromal nerves enters the cornea around the limbus where they split into many branches going up to the anterior stroma. Some branches link to each other, but most of them penetrate the basement membrane in the periphery to give origin to subbasal bundles, which run centripetally and merge to form a whirl-like structure (vortex) at the center. These nerve bundles send out many fine terminals that innervate the epithelial cells. Subbasal nerve density and nerve terminals were greater in the center than in the periphery of the cornea. Additionally, CGRP-positive central epithelial nerve fibers and terminals were more abundant than SP-positive nerves and terminals. CONCLUSION The architecture of cat corneal nerves shows similarities to human and mouse cornea innervation. This study provides useful data for researchers who use the cat model to assess corneal nerve pathological alterations, as well as in the veterinary field where corneal opacities, ulcerations, and infections damage the nerves and decrease sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
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9
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Pham TL, Kakazu A, He J, Bazan HEP. Mouse strains and sexual divergence in corneal innervation and nerve regeneration. FASEB J 2018; 33:4598-4609. [PMID: 30561223 PMCID: PMC6404582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801957r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A variety of mouse strains and sexes are used in studies of corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration. However, there is a gap of knowledge about corneal nerve density and its function in different mouse strains and sexes. In this study, we report a strain divergence of total and substance P (SP) sensory corneal nerves in uninjured mice. The BALB/c mouse showed the highest nerve density, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume followed by CFW and then C57BL/6. No differences were found in total nerves and SP-positive nerves between sexes. After injury damaged the corneal nerves, an important role for mouse strains, biologic sex, and their association to corneal nerve regeneration was identified. All female mice have a faster nerve regeneration rate than males. The molecular mechanism of this sexual divergence involves higher secretion neurotrophic factors in tears, which in turn modulate gene expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons. An important upstream signaling regulator was β-estradiol, and topical treatment with β-estradiol confirmed its function in corneal nerve regeneration. In conclusion, our study shows that the strain and sex of laboratory mice significantly affect the different indicators of corneal innervation and nerve regeneration. Researchers investigating corneal diseases should carefully consider these factors.—Pham, T. L., Kakazu, A., He, J., Bazan, H. E. P. Mouse strains and sexual divergence in corneal innervation and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Azucena Kakazu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Jaggi U, Wang S, Tormanen K, Matundan H, Ljubimov AV, Ghiasi H. Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Glycoprotein K (gK) Pathogenic CD8 + T Cells in Exacerbation of Eye Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2895. [PMID: 30581441 PMCID: PMC6292954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSV-1-induced corneal scarring (CS), also broadly referred to as Herpes Stromal Keratitis (HSK), is the leading cause of infectious blindness in developed countries. It is well-established that HSK is in fact an immunopathological disease. The contribution of the potentially harmful T cell effectors that lead to CS remains an area of intense study. Although the HSV-1 gene(s) involved in eye disease is not yet known, we have demonstrated that gK, which is one of the 12 known HSV-1 glycoproteins, has a crucial role in CS. Immunization of HSV-1 infected mice with gK, but not with any other known HSV-1 glycoprotein, significantly exacerbates CS, and dermatitis. The gK-induced eye disease occurs independently of the strain of the virus or mouse. HSV-1 mutants that lack gK are unable to efficiently infect and establish latency in neurons. HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing two additional copies of the gK (total of three gK genes) exacerbated CS as compared with wild type HSV-1 strain McKrae that contains one copy of gK. Furthermore, we have shown that an 8mer (ITAYGLVL) within the signal sequence of gK enhanced CS in ocularly infected BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice, and NZW rabbits. In HSV-infected “humanized” HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice, this gK 8mer induced strong IFN-γ-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. gK induced CS is dependent on gK binding to signal peptide peptidase (SPP). gK also binds to HSV-1 UL20, while UL20 binds GODZ (DHHC3) and these quadruple interactions are required for gK induced pathology. Thus, potential therapies might include blocking of gK-SPP, gK-UL20, UL20-GODZ interactions, or a combination of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Harry Matundan
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Siran W, Ghezzi CE, Cairns DM, Pollard RE, Chen Y, Gomes R, McKay TB, Pouli D, Jamali A, Georgakoudi I, Funderburgh JL, Kenyon K, Hamrah P, Kaplan DL. Human Corneal Tissue Model for Nociceptive Assessments. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800488. [PMID: 30091220 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New in vitro tissue models to mimic in vivo conditions are needed to provide insight into mechanisms involved in peripheral pain responses, potential therapeutic strategies to address these responses, and to replace animal models for such indications. For example, the rabbit cornea Draize test has become the standard method used for decades to screen ophthalmic drug and consumer product toxicity. In vitro tissue models with functional innervation have the potential to replace in vivo animal testing and provide sophisticated bench tools to study ocular nociception and its amelioration. Herein, full thickness, innervated, 3D human corneal tissues are grown under physiologically relevant culture conditions to study nociceptive-related responses, by mimicking ocular environmental cues, including intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear flow (TF). Capsaicin, a chili pepper-derived irritant known to cause a burning sensation in mammalian tissues is utilized as a nociceptive stimulant to induce pain, while subsequent serum treatment is used to mimic healing. Pain mediators released upon capsaicin stimulation and cell regrowth after serum treatment are characterized to assess ocular responses in this new, innervated, human corneal tissue system for comparison of outcomes to established animal and related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Siran
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Dana M. Cairns
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Rachel E. Pollard
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Rachel Gomes
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
- School of MedicineDepartamento de Oftalmologia da Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São Paulo Botucatu, 822 – Vila Clementino São Paulo –SP 04023‐062 Brazil
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Dimitra Pouli
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Arsia Jamali
- New England Eye CenterTufts Medical Center 260 Tremont St, 9th Floor Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - James L. Funderburgh
- Eye & Ear InstituteDepartment of OphthalmologyUniversity of Pittsburgh 203 Lothrop Street, Room 1011 Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Kenneth Kenyon
- New England Eye CenterTufts Medical Center 260 Tremont St, 9th Floor Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- New England Eye CenterTufts Medical Center 260 Tremont St, 9th Floor Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University 4 Colby Street Medford MA 02155 USA
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12
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Pennington MR, Ledbetter EC, Van de Walle GR. New Paradigms for the Study of Ocular Alphaherpesvirus Infections: Insights into the Use of Non-Traditional Host Model Systems. Viruses 2017; 9:E349. [PMID: 29156583 PMCID: PMC5707556 DOI: 10.3390/v9110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular herpesviruses, most notably human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) and felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), infect and cause severe disease that may lead to blindness. CHV-1 and FHV-1 have a pathogenesis and induce clinical disease in their hosts that is similar to HSV-1 ocular infections in humans, suggesting that infection of dogs and cats with CHV-1 and FHV-1, respectively, can be used as a comparative natural host model of herpesvirus-induced ocular disease. In this review, we discuss both strengths and limitations of the various available model systems to study ocular herpesvirus infection, with a focus on the use of these non-traditional virus-natural host models. Recent work has demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of experimental ocular herpesvirus infections in dogs and cats, and, therefore, these non-traditional models can provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of ocular herpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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13
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Chucair-Elliott AJ, Gurung HR, Carr MM, Carr DJJ. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Expressing Cells Infiltrating the Cornea Control Corneal Nerve Degeneration in Response to HSV-1 Infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4670-4682. [PMID: 28903153 PMCID: PMC5597033 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of neurotrophic keratitis, characterized by decreased or absent corneal sensation due to damage to the sensory corneal innervation. We previously reported the elicited immune response to infection contributes to the mechanism of corneal nerve regression/damage during acute HSV-1 infection. Our aim is to further establish the involvement of infiltrated macrophages in the mechanism of nerve loss upon infection. Methods Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis (MAFIA) transgenic C57BL/6 mice were systemically treated with AP20187 dimerizer or vehicle (VEH), and their corneas, lymph nodes, and blood were assessed for CD45+CD11b+GFP+ cell depletion by flow cytometry (FC). Mice were ocularly infected with HSV-1 or left uninfected. At 2, 4, and/or 6 days post infection (PI), corneas were assessed for sensitivity and harvested for FC, nerve structure by immunohistochemistry, viral content by plaque assay, soluble factor content by suspension array, and activation of signaling pathways by Western blot analysis. C57BL6 mice were used to compare to the MAFIA mouse model. Results MAFIA mice treated with AP20187 had efficient depletion of CD45+CD11b+GFP+ cells in the tissues analyzed. The reduction of CD45+CD11b+GFP+ cells recruited to the infected corneas of AP20187-treated mice correlated with preservation of corneal nerve structure and function, decreased protein concentration of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased STAT3 activation despite no changes in viral content in the cornea compared to VEH-treated animals. Conclusions Our results suggest infiltrated macrophages are early effectors in the nerve regression following HSV-1 infection. We propose the neurodegeneration mechanism involves macrophages, local up-regulation of IL-6, and activation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Hem R Gurung
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Meghan M Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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He J, Neumann D, Kakazu A, Pham TL, Musarrat F, Cortina MS, Bazan HEP. PEDF plus DHA modulate inflammation and stimulate nerve regeneration after HSV-1 infection. Exp Eye Res 2017. [PMID: 28642110 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection leads to impaired corneal sensation and, in severe cases, to corneal ulceration, melting and perforation. Here, we explore the potential therapeutic action of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on corneal inflammation and nerve regeneration following HSV-1 infection. Rabbits inoculated with 100,000 PFU/eye of HSV-1 strain 17Syn+ were treated with PEDF + DHA or vehicle. PEDF + DHA treatment resulted in a biphasic immune response with stronger infiltration of CD4+T cells, neutrophils and macrophages at 7-days post-treatment (p.t.) that was significantly decreased by 14 days, compared to the vehicle-treated group. Screening of 14 immune-related genes by q-PCR showed that treatment induced higher expression of IFN-γ and CCL20 and inhibition of IL-18 by 7 days in the cornea. PEDF + DHA-treated animals developed less dendritic corneal lesions, opacity and neovascularization. Corneal nerve density increased at 12-weeks p.t. with functional recovery of corneal sensation. Treatment with PEDF + DHA that was postponed by 3 weeks also showed increased nerve density when compared to vehicle. Our data demonstrate that PEDF + DHA promotes resolution of the inflammatory response to the virus and, most importantly, induces regeneration of damaged corneal nerves vital for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Donna Neumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Azucena Kakazu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Farhana Musarrat
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - M Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, LA, United States.
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