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Lai C, Li R, Tang W, Liu J, Duan XDXF, Bao D, Liu H, Fu S. Metabolic Syndrome and Tendon Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1597-1609. [PMID: 38616994 PMCID: PMC11015851 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s459060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifaceted pathological condition characterized by the atypical accumulation of various metabolic components such as central obesity or excess weight, hyperlipidemia, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Recently, MS has been recognized as a notable contributor to heart and circulatory diseases. In addition, with increasing research, the impact of MS on tendon repair and disease has gradually emerged. Recent studies have investigated the relationship between tendon healing and diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. However, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and various metabolic disorders often coexist and together constitute MS. At present, insulin resistance is considered the major pathological mechanism underlying MS, central obesity is regarded as the predominant factor responsible for it, and dyslipidemia and other metabolic diseases are known as secondary contributors to MS. This review aims to evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of various pathological conditions in MS on tendon recovery and illness, and to present a comprehensive overview of the effects of MS on tendon recovery and diseases, along with the accompanying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhao Lai
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruichen Li
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weili Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfang D X F Duan
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Van Gulick L, Saby C, Mayer C, Fossier E, Jaisson S, Okwieka A, Gillery P, Chenais B, Mimouni V, Morjani H, Beljebbar A. Biochemical and morpho-mechanical properties, and structural organization of rat tail tendon collagen in diet-induced obesity model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127936. [PMID: 37939767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of obesity on the structural organization, morpho-mechanical properties of collagen fibers from rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Polarized Raman microspectroscopy showed that the collagen bands 855, 875, 938, and 960 cm-1 as well as those 1631 and 1660 cm-1 were affected by diet. Mechanical properties exhibited an increase in the yield strength from control (CTRL) to high fat (HF) diet (9.60 ± 1.71 and 13.09 ± 1.81 MPa) (p < 0.01) and ultimate tensile strength (13.12 ± 2.37 and 18.32 ± 2.83 MPa) (p < 0.05) with no significant change in the Young's Modulus. During mechanical, the band at 875 cm-1 exhibited the most relevant frequency shift (2 cm-1). The intensity of those at 855, 875, and 938 cm-1 in HF collagen displayed a comparable response to mechanical stress as compared to CTRL collagen with no significant diet-related changes in the Full Width at Half Maximum. Second harmonic generation technique revealed i) similar fiber straightness (0.963 ± 0.004 and 0.965 ± 0.003) and ii) significant changes in fibers diameter (1.48 ± 0.07 and 1.52 ± 0.08 μm) (p < 0.05) and length (22.06 ± 2.38 and 29.00 ± 3.76 μm) (p < 0.001) between CTRL and HF diet, respectively. The quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed an increase in both carboxymethyl-lysine and total fluorescence AGEs from CTRL to HF RTTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Gulick
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Charles Saby
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Emilie Fossier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Anaïs Okwieka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Benoît Chenais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Abdelilah Beljebbar
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France.
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Lu KY, Tai TH, Liu YH, Chiang CJ, Loh EW, Wong CC, Wu JJ. Post-Operative Greater Tuberosity Resorption or Malreduction Is Associated with Poor Prognostic Outcomes in Patients with Proximal Humeral Fractures Treated Operatively-A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2789. [PMID: 37685327 PMCID: PMC10486750 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Proximal humerus fractures can be a debilitating condition if not properly treated. These fracture patterns are varied and differ in every patient. Functional outcomes may be determined by the integrity of the shoulder girdle involving the rotator cuff insertion. The post-operative resorption or malreduction of the greater tuberosity (GT) is an important factor contributing to the poor functional outcome of a patient. Thus, we intend to evaluate the cause-and-effect relationship between GT complications and clinical prognosis and outcomes. (2) Methods: A single-center retrospective comparative study was performed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients undergoing operative fixation for this injury. A total of 387 consecutive cases treated operatively from 2019-2021 were included for analysis. (3) Results: 94 cases fulfilled our criteria for analysis. A matched-group comparison of 19 patients each was performed to compare demographics, post-operative fracture characteristics and clinical outcomes. (4) Conclusions: The resorption or malreduction of the GT contributes greatly to the prognostic outcome in patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgery. In our demographic study, obesity is another contributing factor affecting the parameters of post-operative reduction in proximal humerus fractures. Appropriate surgical planning and post-operative multidisciplinary care must be taken into consideration to attain a satisfactory prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Ting-Han Tai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Chang-Jung Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - El-Wui Loh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chean Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey J. Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-J.C.)
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Ahn HS, Kim HJ, Suh JS, Kazmi SZ, Kang TU, Choi JY. The Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with the Risk of Achilles Tendon Problems: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Clin Orthop Surg 2023; 15:488-498. [PMID: 37274500 PMCID: PMC10232319 DOI: 10.4055/cios22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of Achilles tendinopathy (AT) or Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), using data from a nationwide population-based cohort. We hypothesized that higher BMI and WC would be independently associated with the increased risk of AT or ATR. In addition, a higher WC may potentiate the association between BMI and the risk of Achilles tendon problems. Methods We used the National Health Insurance database that covers the entire South Korean population to follow up subjects who participated in the National Health Screening Program (NHSP) from January 2009 to December 2010. The NHSP data include subjects' BMI, WC, blood test results, blood pressure, and information about lifestyle. Among the subjects, those who were newly diagnosed as having AT or ATR before December 31, 2017, were selected. To examine the association of the variables with the risk of AT or ATR and determine whether the effect of higher BMI varied according to WC, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used. Results Among a total of 16,830,532 subjects, 125,814 and 31,424 developed AT and ATR, respectively. A higher BMI showed a greater association with the increased risk of ATR than AT (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.49 vs. 1.96). A higher WC was associated with the increased risk of AT (adjusted HR, 1.22), but not ATR. In a separate analysis, the association between BMI and the risk of AT was higher when subjects had higher WC as compared to those with lower WC, being most significant in individuals with both higher BMI and higher WC. Conclusions Higher BMI was more associated with the increased risk of ATR than AT. Moreover, a high central fat distribution played an independent and potentiating role in the development of AT. This implies the greater importance of a high central fat distribution contributing to the development of AT in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Suh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sayada Zartasha Kazmi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Kang
- Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Amens JN, Bahçecioğlu G, Dwyer K, Yue XS, Stack MS, Hilliard TS, Zorlutuna P. Maternal obesity driven changes in collagen linearity of breast extracellular matrix induces invasive mammary epithelial cell phenotype. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122110. [PMID: 37062214 PMCID: PMC10192205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked with numerous health issues as well as an increased risk of breast cancer. Although effects of direct obesity in patient outcomes is widely studied, effects of exposure to obesity-related systemic influences in utero have been overlooked. In this study, we investigated the effect of multigenerational obesity on epithelial cell migration and invasion using decellularized breast tissues explanted from normal female mouse pups from a diet induced multigenerational obesity mouse model. We first studied the effect of multigenerational diet on the mechanical properties, adipocyte size, and collagen structure of these mouse breast tissues, and then, examined the migration and invasion behavior of normal (KTB-21) and cancerous (MDA-MB-231) human mammary epithelial cells on the decellularized matrices from each diet group. Breast tissues of mice whose dams had been fed with high-fat diet exhibited larger adipocytes and thicker and curvier collagen fibers, but only slightly elevated elastic modulus and inflammatory cytokine levels. MDA-MB-231 cancer cell motility and invasion were significantly greater on the decellularized matrices from mice whose dams were fed with high-fat diet. A similar trend was observed with normal KTB-21 cells. Our results showed that the collagen curvature was the dominating factor on this enhanced motility and stretching the matrices to equalize the collagen fiber linearity of the matrices ameliorated the observed increase in cell migration and invasion in the mice that were exposed to a high-fat diet in utero. Previous studies indicated an increase in serum leptin concentration for those children born to an obese mother. We generated extracellular matrices using primary fibroblasts exposed to various concentrations of leptin. This produced curvier ECM and increased breast cancer cell motility for cells seeded on the decellularized ECM generated with increasing leptin concentration. Our study shows that exposure to obesity in utero is influential in determining the extracellular matrix structure, and that the resultant change in collagen curvature is a critical factor in regulating the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen N Amens
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gökhan Bahçecioğlu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kiera Dwyer
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoshan S Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Steinberg N, Pantanowitz M, Zeev A, Svorai Band S, Funk S, Nemet D. Achilles and patellar tendon structure following a prevention program in male combat soldiers. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:531-540. [PMID: 34488525 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1976601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to compare the prevalence of soldiers with musculoskeletal symptoms between soldiers that participated in a prevention program (INT) and a control group (CONT); and, to assess whether 'high risk' for a symptom indicator [participants with patellar tendon (PT) echo-type III+IV >10% or Achilles tendon (AT) echo-type III >8.5%] applies when a prevention intervention is used. METHODS Soldiers from two consecutive infantry commanders courses (year 1-CONT, n = 165; year 2-INT, n = 196) were examined pre-course for AT and PT structure using ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC), and their musculoskeletal overuse symptoms were assessed and recorded by military physicians throughout the course. A prevention program was provided to the INT group (year 2) during the 14-week course. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the prevalence of soldiers with symptoms between the two groups [INT: 39 (19.9%), CONT: 40 (24.2%); p = .32]. Using the indicator at baseline, 20 soldiers (10.2%) were suggested to be at 'high risk.' Of those 20 soldiers, 17 actually had symptoms during the course (positive predictive value-85%). The prevalence of soldiers with a suggested 'high risk' according to our indicator who had no symptoms during the course was low (3/20, 15%). Twenty-two soldiers who had symptoms during the course had not been suggested to be at 'high risk' by our indicator. CONCLUSION Our intervention did not reduce the prevalence of soldiers with symptoms. Our 'high risk' pre-course, AT and PT structure indicator is valid and can be used as a screening tool to reduce the prevalence of symptoms in combat soldiers; with the caution that soldiers that were not identified by the indicator, might also have symptoms along the course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- Life science, Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- Life science, Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- Life science, Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | | | - Shany Funk
- Combat Fitness Department, Doctrine and Research Branch, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Jiang C, Dong Q, Xin X, Degen AA, Ding L. Effect of Chinese Herbs on Serum Biochemical Parameters, Immunity Indices, Antioxidant Capacity and Metabolomics in Early Weaned Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172228. [PMID: 36077948 PMCID: PMC9455063 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese traditional herbs are used widely as feed supplements to improve the immune response and antioxidant capacity of livestock. Twenty early-weaned 4-month-old yak calves (72.3 ± 3.65 kg) were divided randomly into four groups (n = 5 per group); three groups were provided with supplementary 80 mL/kg DMI of the root water extracts of either Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula or Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and one group (control) was not provided with a supplement. Compared to control calves, calves consuming the three herbal extracts increased serum concentrations of albumin (ALB) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), but decreased serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Calves consuming A. sinensis decreased (p < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), and increased (p < 0.05) serum concentration of total proteins (TP). Serum FFA concentrations increased (p = 0.004) linearly with time in the control group, but not in the groups consuming herbs. Serum metabolomic data demonstrated that A. sinensis and C. pilosula regulate mainly amino acid metabolism, while G. uralensis regulates mainly carbon and amino acid metabolism. It was concluded that the three herbal root extracts, as dietary supplements, improved energy and nitrogen metabolism, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanmin Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luming Ding
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Bolam SM, Park YE, Konar S, Callon KE, Workman J, Monk AP, Coleman B, Cornish J, Vickers MH, Munro JT, Musson DS. Obesity Impairs Enthesis Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3959-3969. [PMID: 34694156 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211049219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being overweight or obese is associated with poor outcomes and an increased risk of failure after rotator cuff (RC) surgery. However, the effect of obesity on enthesis healing has not been well characterized. HYPOTHESES Diet-induced obesity (DIO) would result in inferior enthesis healing in a rat model of RC repair, and a dietary intervention in the perioperative period would improve enthesis healing. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 weight-matched groups (n = 26 per group): control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD until surgery and then CD thereafter (HF-CD). After 12 weeks, the left supraspinatus tendon was detached, followed by immediate repair. Animals were sacrificed, and RCs were harvested at 2 and 12 weeks after surgery for biomechanical and histological evaluations. Metabolic end points were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and plasma analyses. RESULTS DIO was established in the HFD and HF-CD groups before surgery and subsequently reversed in the HF-CD group after surgery. At 12 weeks after surgery, the body fat percentage (P = .0021) and plasma leptin concentration (P = .0025) were higher in the HFD group compared with the CD group. Histologically, the appearance of the repaired entheses was poorer in both the HFD and HF-CD groups compared with the CD group at 12 weeks after surgery, with semiquantitative scores of 6.20 (P = .0078), 4.98 (P = .0003), and 8.68 of 15, respectively. The repaired entheses in the HF-CD group had a significantly lower load to failure (P = .0278) at 12 weeks after surgery compared with the CD group, while the load to failure in the HFD group was low but not significantly different (P = .0960). There were no differences in the biomechanical and histological results between the groups at 2 weeks after surgery. Body mass at the time of surgery, plasma leptin concentration, and body fat percentage were negatively correlated with histology scores and plasma leptin concentration was correlated with load to failure at 12 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION DIO impaired enthesis healing in this rat RC repair model, with inferior biomechanical and histological outcomes. Restoring a normal weight with dietary changes after surgery did not improve healing outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a potentially modifiable factor that impairs RC healing and increases the risk of failure after surgery. Exploring interventions that improve the metabolic state of obese patients and counseling patients appropriately about their modest expectations after repair should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Bolam
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Young-Eun Park
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Subhajit Konar
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Josh Workman
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Paul Monk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T Munro
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Moro SDDS, de Oliveira Fujii L, Teodoro LFR, Frauz K, Mazoni AF, Esquisatto MAM, Rodrigues RAF, Pimentel ER, de Aro AA. Acmella oleracea extract increases collagen content and organization in partially transected tendons. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2588-2597. [PMID: 33973686 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acmella oleracea contains spilanthol as the main active compound, which possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that can favor tendon reorganization. To analyze the effect of A. oleracea on the content and organization of collagen in injured tendons, the calcaneal tendon of male Lewis rats was partially transected and treated at the site of injury with a topical application of 20% A. oleracea ointment (AO group) or with the ointment base without the plant extract (B group). The animals were euthanized 21 days after partial transection. Higher collagen concentration was observed in the AO group than in the B group, and morphological analysis using polarization microscopy showed higher birefringence in the AO group than in the B group, indicating higher collagen organization. No difference was observed in the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, proteoglycan distribution, and maximum load between the B and AO groups. In conclusion, topical application of 20% A. oleracea ointment increased the molecular organization and content of collagen, thus indicating a potential application in tendon repair. Studies on the later phases of the tendon healing process are necessary to demonstrate the possible biomechanical changes after the application of A. oleracea ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Delgado de Souza Moro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Fujii
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues Teodoro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katleen Frauz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Steinberg N, Pantanowitz M, Funk S, Svorai Band S, Waddington G, Yavnai N, Zeev A. Can Achilles and patellar tendon structures predict musculoskeletal injuries in combat soldiers? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:205-214. [PMID: 32885496 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to investigate whether Achilles tendon (AT) structure and patellar tendon (PT) structure are risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in combat soldiers, 168 participants were recruited from an infantry commander's course. The AT and PT were examined pre-course using UTC to capture the structure of four echo-type fibers (I-IV). All injuries were assessed by military physicians pre-course and throughout the 14-week course. Soldiers who were injured during the course had a significantly higher pre-course prevalence of AT and PT echo-type III and echo-type IV compared to soldiers that were not injured during the course. Variables that were found to be associated with injured/non-injured participants were echo-type III + IV of the PT (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.24-1.68) and echo-type III of the AT (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.35-2.12). ROC analyses showed that the best model, exhibiting both high sensitivity and low specificity, was that participants with PT echo-type III + IV > 10% or AT echo-type III >8.5% had the highest risk of being injured during the course. In conclusions, the tendon structure at the beginning of high-intensity activity or physical training program might be a risk factor for subsequent injury during the course. Soldiers and high-level athletes should be aware of the cutoff points for fiber types in tendon structure that might put them at high risk for future injury. At-risk soldiers/athletes should be provided with an intervention program before they start their training program, with the aim of improving the tendon structure and preventing subsequent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Shany Funk
- Combat Fitness Department, Doctrine and Research Branch, Israel Defense Forces, Netanya, Israel
| | | | | | - Nirit Yavnai
- Research Directorate, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
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11
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Macchi M, Spezia M, Elli S, Schiaffini G, Chisari E. Obesity Increases the Risk of Tendinopathy, Tendon Tear and Rupture, and Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:1839-1847. [PMID: 32732565 PMCID: PMC7371074 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and mechanical demands play a role in the development of tendon conditions and the dysregulation of tendon healing. In patients with obesity, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a high mechanical demand promote chronic low-grade inflammation. Although controversial results have been reported, we aimed to summarize current evidence while highlighting the role of obesity in tendinopathy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do patients with obesity have a greater risk of tendinopathy, stratified by upper and lower extremity sites, than patients who do not have obesity? (2) Is obesity associated with a higher risk of upper and lower extremity tendon tear and ruptures? (3) Is obesity associated with an increased risk of complications after upper and lower extremity tendon surgery? METHODS We performed a systematic review by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, combining the term "tendon" with common terms for tendinopathy and rupture such as "tendon injury OR tendinopathy OR tendon rupture" and "obese" OR "obesity." We included studies with any level of evidence published from January 2000 to July 10, 2019 in peer-reviewed journals reporting clinical results. After we removed the duplicates, there were 365 records. Two independent authors screened these records and excluded 320 based on abstract and title screening. Of the remaining 45 studies, 23 were excluded because the topic did not address the research questions (n = 19), the article was outdated (n = 3), or because there was a serious risk of bias (n = 1). Finally, we included 22 studies with 49,914 participants (5984 with obesity), 31,100 (1884 with obesity) of whom had upper-extremity tendinopathy, while 18,814 (4010 with obesity) had lower-extremity tendinopathy. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m according to the WHO's criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed critically. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias (ROBINS tool) of the studies was assessed, as was the methodological quality (Coleman score). The assessment was performed independently by two authors. Inter-rater agreement for the assessments of the risk of bias and methodological quality were 89% and 94%, respectively. All studies were observational, and most were retrospective case-control studies. Any discrepancy was discussed and solved by consensus. The articles had a moderate risk of bias (eight articles) or a low risk of bias (fourteen articles). We excluded one article because of a serious risk of bias. The mean (range) Coleman score was 53.5 (42-74). RESULTS Obesity was associated with a greater risk of upper extremity tendinopathy (rotator cuff: odds ratio 1.25 [95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.40]; p < 0.001; medial epicondylitis: OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.0 to 3.7]; p < 0.05) and lower-extremity tendinopathy (Achilles tendon: OR 3.81 [95% CI 2.57 to 5.63]; OR 3.77 [95% CI 2.24 to 6.34]; OR 6.56 [95% CI 3.18 to 13.55], for obesity Classes I, II and III, respectively; patellar tendon: OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.90]; p = 0.001; plantar fascia: OR 2.97 [95% CI 1.64 to 5.37]; p = 0.004). Obesity was associated with a greater risk of upper extremity tendon tear (rotator cuff: OR 2.35 [95% CI 1.62 to 3.40]; p < 0.001) and rupture leading to tendon surgery (rotator cuff in men: OR 3.13 [95% CI 1.29 to 7.61]; p < 0.001 and women: OR 3.51 [95% CI 1.80 to 6.85]; p < 0.001). However, no association was found between BMI and lower extremity rupture (Achilles mean BMI: 27.77 kg/m [95% CI 26.94 to 28.49] versus control: 26.66 kg/m [95% CI 26.06 to 27.27]; p = 0.047). Upper extremity complications (n = 359) after tendon repair surgery had a weighted incidence of 13.27% and 8.13% for rotator cuff surgery in patients with and without obesity, respectively. In the lower extremity (n = 21,152), the weighted incidence for Achilles tendon surgery was 11.28% and 8.6% in patients with and without obesity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with a higher risk of tendinopathy, tendon tear and rupture, and complications after tendon surgery than non-obesity. However, the high heterogeneity and observational nature of the studies highlight the need to be cautious about the results of our study. We encourage researchers to perform clinical and preclinical studies to explore pathways related to the metabolic state of this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchi
- M. Macchi, S. Elli, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Elli
- M. Macchi, S. Elli, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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O Bortolazzo F, D Lucke L, de Oliveira Fujii L, Marqueti RDC, Vieira Ramos G, Theodoro V, Bombeiro AL, Felonato M, A Dalia R, D Carneiro G, Pontes Vicente C, A M Esquisatto M, A S Mendonça F, T Dos Santos GM, R Pimentel E, de Aro AA. Microcurrent and adipose-derived stem cells modulate genes expression involved in the structural recovery of transected tendon of rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:10011-10026. [PMID: 32558993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902942rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and have a high incidence of re-rupture that can cause loss of functionality. Therapies with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and the microcurrent (low-intensity electrical stimulation) application present promising effects on the tissue repair. We analyzed the expression of genes and the participation of some molecules potentially involved in the structural recovery of the Achilles tendon of rats, in response to the application of both therapies, isolated and combined. The tendons were distributed in five groups: normal (N), transected (T), transected and ASC (C) or microcurrent (M) or with ASC, and microcurrent (MC). Microcurrent therapy was beneficial for tendon repair, as it was observed a statistically significant increase in the organization of the collagen fibers, with involvement of the TNC, CTGF, FN, FMDO, and COL3A1 genes as well as PCNA, IL-10, and TNF-α. ASC therapy significantly increased the TNC and FMDO genes expression with no changes in the molecular organization of collagen. With the association of therapies, a significant greater collagen fibers organization was observed with involvement of the FMOD gene. The therapies did not affect the expression of COL1A1, SMAD2, SMAD3, MKX, and EGR1 genes, nor did they influence the amount of collagen I and III, caspase-3, tenomodulin (Tnmd), and hydroxyproline. In conclusion, the application of the microcurrent isolated or associated with ASC increased the organization of the collagen fibers, which can result in a greater biomechanical resistance in relation to the tendons treated only with ASC. Future studies will be needed to demonstrate the biological effects of these therapies on the functional recovery of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Bortolazzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia D Lucke
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Fujii
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of rehabilitation science and Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Theodoro
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L Bombeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Dalia
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giane D Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A M Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A S Mendonça
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria T Dos Santos
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson R Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea A de Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation/FHO, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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de Sousa Neto IV, Tibana RA, da Silva LGDO, de Lira EM, do Prado GPG, de Almeida JA, Franco OL, Durigan JLQ, Adesida AB, de Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Damascena HL, Castro MS, Fontes W, Prestes J, Marqueti RDC. Paternal Resistance Training Modulates Calcaneal Tendon Proteome in the Offspring Exposed to High-Fat Diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:380. [PMID: 32656202 PMCID: PMC7325979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in high-energy dietary intakes is a well-known risk factor for many diseases, and can also negatively impact the tendon. Ancestral lifestyle can mitigate the metabolic harmful effects of offspring exposed to high-fat diet (HF). However, the influence of paternal exercise on molecular pathways associated to offspring tendon remodeling remains to be determined. We investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on offspring tendon proteome exposed to standard diet or HF diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary fathers and trained fathers (8 weeks, three times per week, with 8–12 dynamic movements per climb in a stair climbing apparatus). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups (five animals per group): offspring from sedentary fathers were exposed either to control diet (SFO-C), or to high-fat diet (SFO-HF); offspring from trained fathers were exposed to control diet (TFO-C) or to a high-fat diet (TFO-HF). The Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 383 regulated proteins among offspring groups. HF diet induced a decrease of abundance in tendon proteins related to extracellular matrix organization, transport, immune response and translation. On the other hand, the changes in the offspring tendon proteome in response to paternal RT were more pronounced when the offspring were exposed to HF diet, resulting in positive regulation of proteins essential for the maintenance of tendon integrity. Most of the modulated proteins are associated to biological pathways related to tendon protection and damage recovery, such as extracellular matrix organization and transport. The present study demonstrated that the father’s lifestyle could be crucial for tendon homeostasis in the first generation. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in paternal intergenerational effects and potential protective outcomes of paternal RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Eliene Martins de Lira
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Gleyce Pires Gonçalves do Prado
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser Alves de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analyses, Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Católicade Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Quaglioti Durigan
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- University of Alberta, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Hylane Luiz Damascena
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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14
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Influence of the integrin alpha-1 subunit and its relationship with high-fat diet upon extracellular matrix synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:177-187. [PMID: 32112256 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are important for mechanosensation in tissue and play, together with nutrition, a role in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle and tendon. Integrin receptors are dimers that consist of an α and β subunit and bridge extracellular and intracellular signals. The present study investigates whether the deletion of the integrin receptor α1 subunit influences collagen and other matrix proteins in the musculotendinous tissue and whether it causes any compensatory changes in other integrin subunits in C57BL/6J mice. In addition, we study whether a high-fat diet (HFD) influences these responses in muscle or tendon. Mice on a HFD had a higher number of non-enzymatic cross-links in skeletal muscle ECM and increased gene expression of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast to gene expression, total collagen protein content was decreased by HFD in the muscle with no change in tendon. Integrin α1 subunit knockout resulted in a decrease of collagen type I and III, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 gene expression in muscle of HFD mice but did not affect total collagen protein compared with wild-type (WT) littermates in either muscle or tendon. There was no compensatory increase in the genes that express other integrin subunits. In conclusion, HFD induced a significant increase in expression of ECM genes in muscle. On the protein level, HFD resulted in a lower collagen content in muscle. Tendons were unaffected by the diet. Deletion of the integrin α1 subunit did not affect collagen protein or gene expression in muscle or tendon.
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15
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Steinberg N, Eliakim A, Elbaz L, Pantanowitz M, Zeev A, Nemet D. Achilles Tendon Tissue Structure in Children with Overweight and Children with Obesity. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2020; 40:330-344. [PMID: 31591918 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2019.1672848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate differences in Achilles tendon structure between children with overweight/obesity and children with normal weight.Methods: Twenty-two children with obesity, 10 children with overweight, and 44 children with normal weight participated in the study. BMI% was calculated. The Achilles tendon was examined using ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) imaging to capture a three-dimensional structure of four echo-type fibers and a cross-sectional area.Results: A significantly higher percentile of echo-types II, a lower percentile of echo-types III and IV, and a lower cross-sectional area were found for children with normal weight compared with children with overweight/obesity (p < .05). Following a piecewise linear regression model according to tendon structure, a BMI percentile of 75% was found to be the most accurate cutoff point of the children into the "unaffected" (BMI% <75%) and "affected" tendon structure groups (BMI% ≥ 75%), as the children with BMI%≥75% already had an Achilles tendon structure similar to that of the children with overweight/obesity.Conclusions: Tendon integrity as examined with UTC differs between children with obesity and children with normal weight. Children with a BMI percentile of ≥75 already demonstrate a different tendon structure pattern compared with children with BMI percentile of <75. This may put children with obesity at a greater risk of injury and should be addressed when applying an exercise program for children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liav Elbaz
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.,Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Plinsinga ML, Ross MH, Coombes BK, Vicenzino B. Physical findings differ between individuals with greater trochanteric pain syndrome and healthy controls: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 43:83-90. [PMID: 31369906 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the biopsychosocial characteristics of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), a prevalent lower limb tendinopathy, is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To quantify differences in participant characteristics between individuals with GTPS and healthy control participants. DESIGN Systematic review of original studies with meta-analyses where appropriate. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search was undertaken in Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL for terms referring to GTPS. Studies that provided comparison of individuals with clinically characterized GTPS with healthy controls were included. Study quality was rated with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross Sectional Studies. Standardized mean differences were calculated and supported by narrative synthesis or meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed based on the GRADE guidelines. RESULTS The search revealed 2798 studies, of which 13 studies from five research groups were included. There were 229 participants with at least three months duration of GTPS and 193 control participants. Individuals with GTPS displayed larger greater trochanteric width, greater body mass index, lower hip abductor muscle strength, higher hip abductor muscle activity, altered single leg loading and gait parameters including shorter step length and velocity. No studies investigating psychological features or sensory perception were identified. Quality of life was investigated in a single study. CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy controls, participants with GTPS are more overweight, have poorer hip abductor muscle function and altered gait parameters. Overall quality of evidence across studies was very low based on GRADE guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Louise Plinsinga
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Megan Heather Ross
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Brooke Kaye Coombes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bill Vicenzino
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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17
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Soh PXY, Marin Cely JM, Mortlock SA, Jara CJ, Booth R, Natera S, Roessner U, Crossett B, Cordwell S, Singh Khatkar M, Williamson P. Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes. Metabolomics 2019; 15:123. [PMID: 31493001 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION German shepherd dogs (GSDs) are a popular breed affected by numerous disorders. Few studies have explored genetic variations that influence canine blood metabolite levels. OBJECTIVES To investigate genetic variants affecting the natural metabolite variation in GSDs. METHODS A total of 82 healthy GSDs were genotyped on the Illumina CanineHD Beadchip, assaying 173,650 markers. For each dog, 74 metabolites were measured through liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS) and were used as phenotypes for genome-wide association analyses (GWAS). Sliding window and homozygosity analyses were conducted to fine-map regions of interest, and to identify haplotypes and gene dosage effects. RESULTS Summary statistics for 74 metabolites in this population of GSDs are reported. Forty-one metabolites had significant associations at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Two associations were located around genes which encode for enzymes for the relevant metabolites: 4-hydroxyproline was significantly associated to D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), and threonine to L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (LOC477365). Three of the top ten haplotypes associated to 4-hydroxyproline included at least one SNP on DAO. These haplotypes occurred only in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of 4-hydroxyproline, ranging in frequency from 16.67 to 20%. None of the dogs were homozygous for these haplotypes. The top two haplotypes associated to threonine included SNPs on LOC477365 and were also overrepresented in dogs with the highest 15 measurements of threonine. These haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 90%, with 80% of these dogs homozygous for the haplotypes. In dogs with the lowest 15 measurements of threonine, the haplotypes occurred at a frequency of 26.67% and 0% homozygosity. CONCLUSION DAO and LOC477365 were identified as candidate genes affecting the natural plasma concentration of 4-hydroxyproline and threonine, respectively. Further investigations are needed to validate the effects of the variants on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana Maria Marin Cely
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Mortlock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher James Jara
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Booth
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siria Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Rios JL, Ko L, Joumaa V, Liu S, Diefenthaeler F, Sawatsky A, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Herzog W. The mechanical and biochemical properties of tail tendon in a rat model of obesity: Effect of moderate exercise and prebiotic fibre supplementation. J Biomech 2019; 88:148-154. [PMID: 30954249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide trajectory of increasing obesity rates is a major health problem precipitating a rise in the prevalence of a variety of co-morbidities and chronic diseases. Tendinopathy, in weight and non-weight bearing tendons, in individuals with overweight or obesity has been linked to metabolic dysfunction resulting from obesity. Exercise and dietary fibre supplementation (DFS) are common countermeasures to combat obesity and therefore it seems reasonable to assume that they might protect tendons from structural and mechanical damage in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a DIO, DIO combined with moderate exercise, DIO combined with DFS (prebiotic oligofructose), and DIO combined with moderate exercise and DFS on the mechanical and biochemical properties of the rat tail tendon. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats, fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet were randomized into a sedentary, a moderate exercise, a DFS, or a moderate exercise combined with DFS group for 12 weeks. Additionally, six lean age-matched animals were included as a sedentary control group. DIO in combination with exercise alone and with exercise and DFS reduced the Young's Modulus but not the collagen content of the rat tail tendons compared to lean control animals. However, no differences in the mechanical and biochemical properties of the rat tail tendon were detected between the DIO and the lean control group, suggesting that DIO by itself did not impact the tail tendon. It seems that longer DIO exposure periods may be needed to develop overt differences in our DIO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; CAPES Foundation, DF, Brazil; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Loretta Ko
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; CAPES Foundation, DF, Brazil; Biomechanics Laboratory, Centre of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
| | - Andrew Sawatsky
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Frauz K, Teodoro LFR, Carneiro GD, Cristina da Veiga F, Lopes Ferrucci D, Luis Bombeiro A, Waleska Simões P, Elvira Álvares L, Leite R de Oliveira A, Pontes Vicente C, Seabra Ferreira R, Barraviera B, do Amaral MEC, Augusto M Esquisatto M, de Campos Vidal B, Rosa Pimentel E, Aparecida de Aro A. Transected Tendon Treated with a New Fibrin Sealant Alone or Associated with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010056. [PMID: 30654437 PMCID: PMC6357188 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and cell-based therapy combine techniques that create biocompatible materials for cell survival, which can improve tendon repair. This study seeks to use a new fibrin sealant (FS) derived from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, a biodegradable three-dimensional scaffolding produced from animal components only, associated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) for application in tendons injuries, considered a common and serious orthopedic problem. Lewis rats had tendons distributed in five groups: normal (N), transected (T), transected and FS (FS) or ASC (ASC) or with FS and ASC (FS + ASC). The in vivo imaging showed higher quantification of transplanted PKH26-labeled ASC in tendons of FS + ASC compared to ASC on the 14th day after transection. A small number of Iba1 labeled macrophages carrying PKH26 signal, probably due to phagocytosis of dead ASC, were observed in tendons of transected groups. ASC up-regulated the Tenomodulin gene expression in the transection region when compared to N, T and FS groups and the expression of TIMP-2 and Scleraxis genes in relation to the N group. FS group presented a greater organization of collagen fibers, followed by FS + ASC and ASC in comparison to N. Tendons from ASC group presented higher hydroxyproline concentration in relation to N and the transected tendons of T, FS and FS + ASC had a higher amount of collagen I and tenomodulin in comparison to N group. Although no marked differences were observed in the other biomechanical parameters, T group had higher value of maximum load compared to the groups ASC and FS + ASC. In conclusion, the FS kept constant the number of transplanted ASC in the transected region until the 14th day after injury. Our data suggest this FS to be a good scaffold for treatment during tendon repair because it was the most effective one regarding tendon organization recovering, followed by the FS treatment associated with ASC and finally by the transplanted ASC on the 21st day. Further investigations in long-term time points of the tendon repair are needed to analyze if the higher tissue organization found with the FS scaffold will improve the biomechanics of the tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Frauz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe R Teodoro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giane Daniela Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cristina da Veiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Bombeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Priscyla Waleska Simões
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEBM), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade s/n, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Elvira Álvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Leite R de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP ⁻ Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP, St. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP ⁻ Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP, St. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Esméria C do Amaral
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Augusto M Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center-UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jd. Universitário, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
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20
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de Aro AA, Carneiro GD, Teodoro LFR, da Veiga FC, Ferrucci DL, Simões GF, Simões PW, Alvares LE, de Oliveira ALR, Vicente CP, Gomes CP, Pesquero JB, Esquisatto MAM, de Campos Vidal B, Pimentel ER. Injured Achilles Tendons Treated with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation and GDF-5. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090127. [PMID: 30200326 PMCID: PMC6162699 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a clinical challenge in regenerative medicine because their natural repair process is complex and inefficient. The high incidence of tendon injuries is frequently associated with sports practice, aging, tendinopathies, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the use of corticosteroids. The growing interest of scientists in using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) in repair processes seems to be mostly due to their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects in stimulating specific cellular events. ADMSC activity can be influenced by GDF-5, which has been successfully used to drive tenogenic differentiation of ADMSC in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that the application of ADMSC in isolation or in association with GDF-5 could improve Achilles tendon repair through the regulation of important remodeling genes expression. Lewis rats had tendons distributed in four groups: Transected (T), transected and treated with ADMSC (ASC) or GDF-5 (GDF5), or with both (ASC+GDF5). In the characterization of cells before application, ADMSC expressed the positive surface markers, CD90 (90%) and CD105 (95%), and the negative marker, CD45 (7%). ADMSC were also differentiated in chondrocytes, osteoblast, and adipocytes. On the 14th day after the tendon injury, GFP-ADMSC were observed in the transected region of tendons in the ASC and ASC+GDF5 groups, and exhibited and/or stimulated a similar genes expression profile when compared to the in vitro assay. ADMSC up-regulated Lox, Dcn, and Tgfb1 genes expression in comparison to T and ASC+GDF5 groups, which contributed to a lower proteoglycans arrangement, and to a higher collagen fiber organization and tendon biomechanics in the ASC group. The application of ADMSC in association with GDF-5 down-regulated Dcn, Gdf5, Lox, Tgfb1, Mmp2, and Timp2 genes expression, which contributed to a lower hydroxyproline concentration, lower collagen fiber organization, and to an improvement of the rats’ gait 24 h after the injury. In conclusion, although the literature describes the benefic effect of GDF-5 for the tendon healing process, our results show that its application, isolated or associated with ADMSC, cannot improve the repair process of partial transected tendons, indicating the higher effectiveness of the application of ADMSC in injured Achilles tendons. Our results show that the application of ADMSC in injured Achilles tendons was more effective in relation to its association with GDF-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center⁻UNIARARAS, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giane Daniela Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe R Teodoro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cristina da Veiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Simões
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Priscyla Waleska Simões
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEBM), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade s/n, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Leite R de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo⁻Unifesp, Pedro de Toledo, 699, 04039-032 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo⁻Unifesp, Pedro de Toledo, 699, 04039-032 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Augusto M Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center⁻UNIARARAS, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Plinsinga M, Coombes B, Mellor R, Nicolson P, Grimaldi A, Hodges P, Bennell K, Vicenzino B. Psychological factors not strength deficits are associated with severity of gluteal tendinopathy: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:1124-1133. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Plinsinga
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - B.K. Coombes
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - R. Mellor
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - P. Nicolson
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine; Department of Physiotherapy; University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - A. Grimaldi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Physiotec; Tarragindi Qld Australia
| | - P. Hodges
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - K. Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine; Department of Physiotherapy; University of Melbourne; Carlton Vic. Australia
| | - B. Vicenzino
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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22
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Abate M, Salini V, Andia I. How Obesity Affects Tendons? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:167-77. [PMID: 27535258 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and clinical observations have definitely demonstrated that obesity has harmful effects on tendons. The pathogenesis of tendon damage is multi-factorial. In addition to overload, attributable to the increased body weight, which significantly affects load-bearing tendons, systemic factors play a relevant role. Several bioactive peptides (chemerin, leptin, adiponectin and others) are released by adipocytes, and influence tendon structure by means of negative activities on mesenchymal cells. The ensuing systemic state of chronic, sub-clinic, low-grade inflammation can damage tendon structure. Metabolic disorders (diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and dislipidemia), frequently associated with visceral adiposity, are concurrent pathogenetic factors. Indeed, high glucose levels increase the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products, which in turn form stable covalent cross-links within collagen fibers, modifying their structure and functionality.Sport activities, so useful for preventing important cardiovascular complications, may be detrimental for tendons if they are submitted to intense acute or chronic overload. Therefore, two caution rules are mandatory: first, to engage in personalized soft training program, and secondly to follow regular check-up for tendon pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Salini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Isabel Andia
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
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23
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Campos-Silva P, Furriel A, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB, Gregorio BM. Metabolic and testicular effects of the long-term administration of different high-fat diets in adult rats. Int Braz J Urol 2015. [PMID: 26200553 PMCID: PMC4752153 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different high-fat diets on body mass, carbohydrate metabolism and testicular morphology in rats seven months old. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SC (standard chow), HF-S (high fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids), HF-P (high fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids), HF-SP (high fat diet rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids). The rats were fed for 16 weeks. Blood samples, testes and genital fat deposits were collected for analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Different high-fat diets promoted an increase in the body mass (p<0.0001). The genital fat deposits were higher in the high-fat groups (HF-S, HF-P, HF-SP) (p=0.0004). Regarding serum parameters, the animals in the HF-S and HF-SP groups presented hyperglycemia (p=0.0060), hyperinsulinemia (p=0.0030) and hypercholesterolemia (p=0.0021). All of the hyperlipidemic groups showed hyperleptinemia (p=0.0019). Concerning the testis, the HF-S group showed a reduction on the seminiferous epithelium height (p=0.0003) and cell proliferation (p=0.0450). Seminiferous tubule diameter was lower in the HF-SP than in the SC group (p=0.0010). Conclusions: The high fat diet administration, independent of the lipid quality, promotes overweight. Diet rich in saturated fatty acids (lard) alters the carbohydrate metabolism and the testicular morphology with reductions of seminiferous epithelium height, seminiferous tubule diameter and cell proliferation which could be related to a disturbance of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella Campos-Silva
- Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angelica Furriel
- Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Waldemar S Costa
- Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco J B Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca M Gregorio
- Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Almeida MDS, de Freitas KM, Oliveira LP, Vieira CP, Guerra FDR, Dolder MAH, Pimentel ER. Acupuncture Increases the Diameter and Reorganisation of Collagen Fibrils during Rat Tendon Healing. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:51-7. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed that electroacupuncture (EA) increases the concentration and reorganisation of collagen in a rat model of tendon healing. However, the ultrastructure of collagen fibrils after acupuncture is unknown. Objectives To assess the effect of acupuncture protocols on the ultrastructure of collagen fibrils during tendon healing. Methods Sixty-four rats were divided into the following groups: non-tenotomised (normal group), tenotomised (teno group), tenotomised and subjected to manual acupuncture at ST36 (ST36 group), BL57 (BL57 group) and ST36+BL57 (SB group) and EA at ST36+BL57 (EA group). The mass-average diameter (MAD) and the reorganisation of collagen fibril diameters were determined during the three phases of tendon healing (at 7, 14 and 21 days). Results The MAD increased during the three phases of healing in the SB group. In the EA group, MAD increased initially but was reduced at day 21. The reorganisation of collagen fibrils was improved in the EA and SB groups at days 14 and 21, respectively. EA at day 21 appeared to reduce the reorganisation. Conclusions These results indicate that the use of EA up to day 14 and manual acupuncture at ST36+BL57 up to day 21 improve the ultrastructure of collagen fibrils, indicating strengthening of the tendon structure. These data suggest a potential role for acupuncture in rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos dos Santos de Almeida
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Moura de Freitas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Prado Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Pedrozo Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li J, Zhou C, Li J, Su Z, Sang H, Jia E, Si D. Global correlation analysis for microRNA and gene expression profiles in human obesity. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:361-8. [PMID: 25701361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing health problem associated with major adverse consequences for human health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous non-coding RNAs, regulate the expression of genes that play roles in human body via posttranscriptional inhibition. To identify the miRNAs and their target genes involved in obesity, we downloaded the miRNA and gene expression profiles from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adipose tissues from obese subjects compared to those from non-obese subjects. Then, we constructed the miRNA-target interaction network and conducted functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, and the targets negatively correlated with DEMs. We identified a total of 16 miRNAs and 192 genes that showed a significantly different expression and 3002 miRNA-target interaction pairs, including 182 regulatory pairs in obesity. Target genes of DEMs were found mainly enriched in several functions, such as collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix part, and extracellular matrix structural constituent. Moreover, hsa-miR-425 and hsa-miR-126 had a significant number of target genes and hsa-miR-16/COL12A1 and hsa-miR-634/SLC4A4 interaction pairs are significantly co-expressed, suggesting that they might play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity. Our study provides a bioinformatic basis for further research of molecular mechanism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Digest Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Pharmacy Department, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ziyuan Su
- Research Center of TCM, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haiyan Sang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Erna Jia
- Digest Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Daoyuan Si
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
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27
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Influence of body mass index on the biomechanical properties of the human prolapsed anterior vaginal wall. Int Urogynecol J 2014; 26:519-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Age dependent differences in collagen alignment of glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014. [PMID: 25295250 DOI: 10.1155/2014/189197(2014)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium is used for heart valve leaflet replacement where the strength and thinness are critical properties. Pericardium from neonatal animals (4-7 days old) is advantageously thinner and is considered as an alternative to that from adult animals. Here, the structures of adult and neonatal bovine pericardium tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde are characterized by synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared with the mechanical properties of these materials. Significant differences are observed between adult and neonatal tissue. The glutaraldehyde fixed neonatal tissue has a higher modulus of elasticity (83.7 MPa) than adult pericardium (33.5 MPa) and a higher normalised ultimate tensile strength (32.9 MPa) than adult pericardium (19.1 MPa). Measured edge on to the tissue, the collagen in neonatal pericardium is significantly more aligned (orientation index (OI) 0.78) than that in adult pericardium (OI 0.62). There is no difference in the fibril diameter between neonatal and adult pericardium. It is shown that high alignment in the plane of the tissue provides the mechanism for the increased strength of the neonatal material. The superior strength of neonatal compared with adult tissue supports the use of neonatal bovine pericardium in heterografts.
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Age dependent differences in collagen alignment of glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:189197. [PMID: 25295250 PMCID: PMC4180201 DOI: 10.1155/2014/189197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium is used for heart valve leaflet replacement where the strength and thinness are critical properties. Pericardium from neonatal animals (4–7 days old) is advantageously thinner and is considered as an alternative to that from adult animals. Here, the structures of adult and neonatal bovine pericardium tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde are characterized by synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared with the mechanical properties of these materials. Significant differences are observed between adult and neonatal tissue. The glutaraldehyde fixed neonatal tissue has a higher modulus of elasticity (83.7 MPa) than adult pericardium (33.5 MPa) and a higher normalised ultimate tensile strength (32.9 MPa) than adult pericardium (19.1 MPa). Measured edge on to the tissue, the collagen in neonatal pericardium is significantly more aligned (orientation index (OI) 0.78) than that in adult pericardium (OI 0.62). There is no difference in the fibril diameter between neonatal and adult pericardium. It is shown that high alignment in the plane of the tissue provides the mechanism for the increased strength of the neonatal material. The superior strength of neonatal compared with adult tissue supports the use of neonatal bovine pericardium in heterografts.
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Eriksen C, Svensson RB, Scheijen J, Hag AMF, Schalkwijk C, Praet SFE, Schjerling P, Kjær M, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Systemic stiffening of mouse tail tendon is related to dietary advanced glycation end products but not high-fat diet or cholesterol. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:840-7. [PMID: 25103969 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00584.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon pathology is related to metabolic disease and mechanical overloading, but the effect of metabolic disease on tendon mechanics is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet and apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE(-/-)) on mechanical properties and advanced glycation end product (AGE) cross-linking of non-weight-bearing mouse tail tendons. Twenty ApoE(-/-) male mice were used as a model for hypercholesterolemia along with 26 wild-type (WT) mice. One-half of the mice from each group was fed a normal diet (ND) and the other half was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. All were killed at 40 wk, and tail tendon fascicles were mechanically tested to failure and analyzed for AGEs. Diets were also analyzed for AGEs. ApoE(-/-) mice displayed a 14% increase in plateau modulus compared with WT mice (P < 0.05), whereas HFD mice displayed a 13% decrease in plateau modulus (P < 0.05) and a 12% decrease in total modulus (P < 0.05) compared with ND mice. Tail tendons of HFD mice had significantly lower concentrations of AGEs [carboxymethyllysine (CML): 26%, P < 0.0001; methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1): 15%, P < 0.005; pentosidine: 13%, P < 0.0005]. The HFD had ∼44-fold lower content of CML (P < 0.01), ∼29-fold lower content of carboxyethyllysine (P < 0.005), and ∼16-fold lower content of MG-H1 (P < 0.05) compared with ND. ApoE(-/-) increased, whereas HFD decreased mouse tail tendon stiffness. Dietary AGE content may be a crucial determinant for accumulation of AGE cross-links in tendons and for tissue compliance. The results demonstrate how systemic metabolic factors may influence tendon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A M F Hag
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - S F E Praet
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVEFIT- Sports medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - P Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S P Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - C Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
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Wells HC, Edmonds RL, Kirby N, Hawley A, Mudie ST, Haverkamp RG. Collagen fibril diameter and leather strength. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11524-11531. [PMID: 24199635 DOI: 10.1021/jf4041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The main structural component of leather and skin is type I collagen in the form of strong fibrils. Strength is an important property of leather, and the way in which collagen contributes to the strength is not fully understood. Synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to measure the collagen fibril diameter of leather from a range of animals, including sheep and cattle, that had a range of tear strengths. SAXS data were fit to a cylinder model. The collagen fibril diameter and tear strength were found to be correlated in bovine leather (r(2) = 0.59; P = 0.009), with stronger leather having thicker fibrils. There was no correlation between orientation index, i.e., fibril alignment, and fibril diameter for this data set. Ovine leather showed no correlation between tear strength and fibril diameter, nor was there a correlation across a selection of other animal leathers. The findings presented here suggest that there may be a different structural motif in skin compared with tendon, particularly ovine skin or leather, in which the diameter of the individual fibrils contributes less to strength than fibril alignment does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Wells
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
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Boivin GP, Platt KM, Corbett J, Reeves J, Hardy AL, Elenes EY, Charnigo RJ, Hunter SA, Pearson KJ. The effects of high-fat diet, branched-chainamino acids and exercise on female C57BL/6 mouse Achilles tendon biomechanical properties. Bone Joint Res 2013; 2:186-92. [PMID: 24021530 PMCID: PMC3774102 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.29.2000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goals of this study were: 1) to determine if high-fat diet
(HFD) feeding in female mice would negatively impact biomechanical
and histologic consequences on the Achilles tendon and quadriceps
muscle; and 2) to investigate whether exercise and branched-chain
amino acid (BCAA) supplementation would affect these parameters
or attenuate any negative consequences resulting from HFD consumption. Methods We examined the effects of 16 weeks of 60% HFD feeding, voluntary
exercise (free choice wheel running) and BCAA administration in
female C57BL/6 mice. The Achilles tendons and quadriceps muscles
were removed at the end of the experiment and assessed histologically
and biomechanically. Results HFD feeding significantly decreased the Achilles tendon modulus
without histological alterations. BCAA administration significantly
decreased the stiffness of Achilles tendons in the exercised normal
diet mice. Exercise partially ameliorated both the weight gain and
glucose levels in the HFD-fed mice, led to a significant decrease
in the maximum load of the Achilles tendon, and an increase in the
average fibril diameter of the quadriceps femoris muscle. There
were significant correlations between body weight and several biomechanical
properties, demonstrating the importance of controlling obesity
for maintaining healthy tendon properties. Conclusions In summary, this study showed a significant impact of obesity
and body weight on tendon biomechanical properties with limited
effects of exercise and BCAAs. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:186–92.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Boivin
- Wright State University Boonshoft Schoolof Medicine, 3640 Col. Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio45435, USA
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Abate M, Schiavone C, Salini V, Andia I. Occurrence of tendon pathologies in metabolic disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:599-608. [PMID: 23315787 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the pathogenetic role of metabolic disorders, which are of paramount relevance to the progression of tendon damage. In diabetes, the prevalence of rheumatological diseases is high, mainly because of the deleterious effects of advanced glycation end products that deteriorate the biological and mechanical functions of tendons and ligaments. In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, most patients develop Achilles xanthomatosis, a marker of high risk for cardiovascular disease caused by cholesterol deposition in the tendons. Tendon degeneration has also been observed in non-familial hypercholesterolaemia. Monosodium urate crystal deposition in soft tissues is a hallmark of chronic gouty arthritis. In this group of diseases, the mobilization of cholesterol and uric acid crystals is presumably followed by low-grade inflammation, which is responsible for tendon degeneration. Adiposity may contribute to tendon disorders via two different mechanisms: increased weight on the load-bearing tendons and systemic dysmetabolic factors that trigger subclinical persistent inflammation. Finally, tendon abnormalities have been observed in some rare congenital metabolism disorders such as alkaptonuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
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Wearing SC, Hooper SL, Grigg NL, Nolan G, Smeathers JE. Overweight and obesity alters the cumulative transverse strain in the Achilles tendon immediately following exercise. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012; 17:316-21. [PMID: 23768275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effect of obesity on the acute cumulative transverse strain of the Achilles tendon in response to exercise. Twenty healthy adult males were categorized into 'low normal-weight' (BMI <23 kg m(-2)) and 'overweight' (BMI >27.5 kg m(-2)) groups based on intermediate cut-off points recommended by the World Health Organization. Longitudinal sonograms of the right Achilles tendon were acquired immediately prior and following weight-bearing ankle exercises. Achilles tendon thickness was measured 20-mm proximal to the calcaneal insertion and transverse tendon strain was calculated as the natural log of the ratio of post- to pre-exercise tendon thickness. The Achilles tendon was thicker in the overweight group both prior to (t18 = -2.91, P = 0.009) and following (t18 = -4.87, P < 0.001) exercise. The acute transverse strain response of the Achilles tendon in the overweight group (-10.7 ± 2.5%), however, was almost half that of the 'low normal-weight' (-19.5 ± 7.4%) group (t18 = -3.56, P = 0.004). These findings suggest that obesity is associated with structural changes in tendon that impairs intra-tendinous fluid movement in response to load and provides new insights into the link between tendon pathology and overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Wearing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4229, Australia.
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Lambertz D, Souza TOL, Canon F, Xavier LCC, Ferraz KM. Influence of overweight on the active and the passive fraction of the plantar flexors series elastic component in prepubertal children. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:73-80. [PMID: 23065761 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00241.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of overweight, as a precursor to obesity, was analyzed on the elastic properties of the triceps surae. Based on body mass index (BMI), children (9 years ± 4 mo) were classified as control (CON; n = 23; BMI -1SD>Z score<1SD) or overweight (OW; n = 21, BMI 1SD>Z score<3SD) with regard to reference data from the World Health Organization. Musculotendinous (MT) stiffness of the series elastic component (SEC) was determined using quick-release tests to obtain 1) the MT stiffness index from the slope of either linear stiffness-torque (SI(MT-Torque)) or stiffness-EMG (SI(MT-EMG)) relationships and 2) passive stiffness from the intercept point with the ordinate. Finally, the SEC active (α(0)) and passive fractions (C(passive)) were separated as described by Morgan (Am J Physiol, 1977), using alpha-torque (α(0-Torque,) C(passive-Torque)) or alpha-EMG (α(0-EMG,) C(passive-EMG)) relationships. No significant differences in SI(MT-Torque) or α(0-Torque) were observed between OW and CON. SI(MT-EMG) or α(0-EMG) values were significantly different between OW and CON, which indicate an increase in MT stiffness. In all cases, passive stiffness (K(p), C(passive-torque), C(passive-EMG)) was significantly greater in OW but independent of the activation capacities. These results indicate that a weight-related additional loading of the MT structures in OW children caused the MT system to response accordingly to the functional demand, i.e., higher stiffness of the MT structures due to a concomitant increase in the stiffness of the SEC passive and active fraction. This study also reveals that possible differences in the activation capacities influence the determination of MT stiffness of the SEC active fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lambertz
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, CAV, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
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Implications of obesity for tendon structure, ultrastructure and biochemistry: A study on Zucker rats. Micron 2012; 43:463-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Biochemical and anisotropical properties of tendons. Micron 2011; 43:205-14. [PMID: 21890364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are formed by dense connective tissue composed of an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) that is constituted mainly of collagen molecules, which are organized into fibrils, fibers, fiber bundles and fascicles helicoidally arranged along the largest axis of the tendon. The biomechanical properties of tendons are directly related to the organization of the collagen molecules that aggregate to become a super-twisted cord. In addition to collagen, the ECM of tendons is composed of non-fibrillar components, such as proteoglycans and non-collagenous glycoproteins. The capacity of tendons to resist mechanical stress is directly related to the structural organization of the ECM. Collagen is a biopolymer and presents optical anisotropies, such as birefringence and linear dichroism, that are important optical properties in the characterization of the supramolecular organization of the fibers. The objective of this study was to present a review of the composition and organization of the ECM of tendons and to highlight the importance of the anisotropic optical properties in the study of alterations in the ECM.
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Abstract
To investigate the extracellular matrices in the primo-nodes (PNs) and vessels (PVs) (Bonghan corpuscles and ducts), fine structure of the fibers comprising the extracellular matrices was studied in relation to the diameter and the periodicity to identify the types of the fibers. Electron micrographs of the fibers from the previously published works on the PNs and PVs were analyzed by using MATLAB programming and ImageJ software. The extracellular fibrous components of the PNs and PVs could be classified generally into two groups--thin collagen fibrils and thick non-collagenous wavy bent fibers. The thick bent fibers were fibrin-like. The diameters of the thick bent fibers were 30-200 nm and they were highly bent. This group included organ surface PNs and lymphatic PNs/PVs. The diameters of the collagen fibrils were 30-70 nm. Organ surface, heart, and hypodermis PVs were categorized in this group. The periodicity of bent fibers in an organ surface PN was 16.1 +/- 0.2 (SE) nm, and the periodicity of collagen fibrils in the hypodermis PVs was 37.4 +/- 0.5 (SE) nm. Further investigations are required to reveal the physiological implications of the two types of fibers in the PNs and PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jung
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Wearing SC, Grigg NL, Hooper SL, Smeathers JE. Conditioning of the Achilles tendon via ankle exercise improves correlations between sonographic measures of tendon thickness and body anthropometry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1384-9. [PMID: 21393469 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00075.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conditioning is routinely used in mechanical tests of tendon in vitro, previous in vivo research evaluating the influence of body anthropometry on Achilles tendon thickness has not considered its potential effects on tendon structure. This study evaluated the relationship between Achilles tendon thickness and body anthropometry in healthy adults both before and after resistive ankle plantarflexion exercise. A convenience sample of 30 healthy male adults underwent sonographic examination of the Achilles tendon in addition to standard anthropometric measures of stature and body weight. A 10-5 MHz linear array transducer was used to acquire longitudinal sonograms of the Achilles tendon, 20 mm proximal to the tendon insertion. Participants then completed a series (90-100 repetitions) of conditioning exercises against an effective resistance between 100% and 150% body weight. Longitudinal sonograms were repeated immediately on completion of the exercise intervention, and anteroposterior Achilles tendon thickness was determined. Achilles tendon thickness was significantly reduced immediately following conditioning exercise (t = 9.71, P < 0.001), resulting in an average transverse strain of -18.8%. In contrast to preexercise measures, Achilles tendon thickness was significantly correlated with body weight (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) and to a lesser extent height (r = 0.45, P = 0.01) and body mass index (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) after exercise. Conditioning of the Achilles tendon via resistive ankle exercises induces alterations in tendon structure that substantially improve correlations between Achilles tendon thickness and body anthropometry. It is recommended that conditioning exercises, which standardize the load history of tendon, are employed before measurements of sonographic tendon thickness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Wearing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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