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Barata IS, Rueff J, Kranendonk M, Esteves F. Pleiotropy of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 in Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Activity. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:575-603. [PMID: 38804287 PMCID: PMC11130977 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is one of few proteins that have been recently described as direct modulators of the activity of human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP)s. These enzymes form a superfamily of membrane-bound hemoproteins that metabolize a wide variety of physiological, dietary, environmental, and pharmacological compounds. Modulation of CYP activity impacts the detoxification of xenobiotics as well as endogenous pathways such as steroid and fatty acid metabolism, thus playing a central role in homeostasis. This review is focused on nine main topics that include the most relevant aspects of past and current PGRMC1 research, focusing on its role in CYP-mediated drug metabolism. Firstly, a general overview of the main aspects of xenobiotic metabolism is presented (I), followed by an overview of the role of the CYP enzymatic complex (IIa), a section on human disorders associated with defects in CYP enzyme complex activity (IIb), and a brief account of cytochrome b5 (cyt b5)'s effect on CYP activity (IIc). Subsequently, we present a background overview of the history of the molecular characterization of PGRMC1 (III), regarding its structure, expression, and intracellular location (IIIa), and its heme-binding capability and dimerization (IIIb). The next section reflects the different effects PGRMC1 may have on CYP activity (IV), presenting a description of studies on the direct effects on CYP activity (IVa), and a summary of pathways in which PGRMC1's involvement may indirectly affect CYP activity (IVb). The last section of the review is focused on the current challenges of research on the effect of PGRMC1 on CYP activity (V), presenting some future perspectives of research in the field (VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S. Barata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children’s Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - José Rueff
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Michel Kranendonk
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Esteves
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Karami E, Goodarzi Z, Shahtaheri SJ, Kiani M, Faridan M, Ghazi-Khansari M. The aqueous extract of Artemisia Absinthium L. stimulates HO-1/MT-1/Cyp450 signaling pathway via oxidative stress regulation induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (α and γ) animal model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:310. [PMID: 37670294 PMCID: PMC10478434 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Artemisia Absinthium L. (Abs) against liver damage induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) in rats, including both structural and functional changes associated with hepatotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). The first group received no treatment. The second group was orally administered Abs at a dose of 200 mg/kg/b.w. The third and fifth groups were injected intraperitoneally with γ-Al2O3 NPs and α-Al2O3 NPs, respectively, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/b.w. The fourth and sixth groups were pre-treated with oral Abs at a dose of 200 mg/kg/b.w. along with intraperitoneal injection of γ-Al2O3 NPs and α-Al2O3 NPs, respectively, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/b.w. RESULTS Treatment with γ-Al2O3 NPs resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in total body weight gain, relative liver weight to body weight, and liver weight in rats. However, co-administration of γ-Al2O3 NPs with Abs significantly increased body weight gain (P < 0.05). Rats treated with Al2O3 NPs (γ and α) exhibited elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Conversely, treatment significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNAs, cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) protein, and histopathological changes were significantly up-regulated in rats injected with Al2O3 NPs. Pre-treatment with Abs significantly reduced MDA, AST, HO-1, and CYP P450 levels in the liver, while increasing GPx and T-SOD levels compared to rats treated with Al2O3 NPs. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Abs has potential protective effects against oxidative stress, up-regulation of oxidative-related genes and proteins, and histopathological alterations induced by Al2O3 NPs. Notably, γ-Al2O3 NPs exhibited greater hepatotoxicity than α-Al2O3 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Karami
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrafarin Kiani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faridan
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety at Work Engineering, Environmental Health Research CenterLorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huo X, Li D, Wu F, Li S, Qiao Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhou C, Sun L, Luan Z, Yan Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao T, An Y, Zhang B, Tian X, Yu Z, Ma X. Cultivated human intestinal fungus Candida metapsilosis M2006B attenuates colitis by secreting acyclic sesquiterpenoids as FXR agonists. Gut 2022; 71:2205-2217. [PMID: 35173042 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysbiosis of the intestinal fungal community has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its potential role in IBD development and prevention remains unclear. Here, we explored the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fungi isolated from human faeces on colitis in mice. DESIGN Intestinal fungal strains with differential abundance in IBD were cultivated in human faeces and their effects on various mouse models of experimental colitis were evaluated. In addition, the bioactive metabolites secreted by the target fungus were accurately identified and their pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The abundance of Candida spp was significantly higher in patients with IBD. After large-scale human intestinal fungal cultivation and functional analysis, Candida metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated various models of experimental colitis in wild-type, antibiotic-treated, germ-free, and IL10-/- mice by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Among the seven acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F1-F7) identified as major secondary metabolites of M2006B, F4 and F5 attenuated colitis in mice by acting as novel FXR agonists. The therapeutic effects of M2006B and its metabolites on colitis via specific FXR activation were confirmed in Fxr -/- mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed that C. metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated colitis in mice and identified two acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F4 and F5) as major active metabolites of M2006B. Notably, these metabolites were able to effectively treat experimental colitis by selectively activating FXR. Together, this study demonstrates that M2006B could be a beneficial intestinal fungus for treating and preventing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Liqun Sun
- Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilin Luan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue An
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China .,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Effect of DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis and Butyrate on the Cytochrome P450 2A5: Contribution of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911627. [PMID: 36232929 PMCID: PMC9569822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of butyrate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy implying attempts to increase butyrate production in the gut through orally administered dietary supplementation. Through the gut-liver axis, however, butyrate may reach directly the liver and influence the drug-metabolizing ability of hepatic enzymes, and, indirectly, also the outcome of applied pharmacotherapy. The focus of our study was on the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A5, which is a mouse orthologue of human CYP2A6 responsible for metabolism of metronidazole, an antibiotic used to treat IBD. Our findings revealed that specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis varied markedly in enzyme activity of CYP2A and responded differently to butyrate pre-treatment. A significant decrease (to 50%) of the CYP2A activity was observed in SPF mice with colitis; however, an administration of butyrate prior to DSS reversed this inhibition effect. This phenomenon was not observed in GF mice. The results highlight an important role of gut microbiota in the regulation of CYP2A under inflammatory conditions. Due to the role of CYP2A in metronidazole metabolism, this phenomenon may have an impact on the IBD therapy. Butyrate administration, hence, brings promising therapeutic potential for improving symptoms of gut inflammation; however, possible interactions with drug metabolism need to be further studied.
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Dunvald ACD, Järvinen E, Mortensen C, Stage TB. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives on Inflammation-Mediated Regulation of Drug Metabolism and Transport. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 112:277-290. [PMID: 34605009 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a possible cause of variability in drug response and toxicity due to altered regulation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in humans. Here, we evaluate the clinical and in vitro evidence on inflammation-mediated modulation of DMETs, and the impact on drug metabolism in humans. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the gaps in our current knowledge. A systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and grey literature was performed in the period of February to September 2020. A total of 203 papers was included. In vitro studies in primary human hepatocytes revealed strong evidence that CYP3A4 is strongly downregulated by inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 were downregulated to a lesser extent. In clinical studies, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases were observed to cause downregulation of CYP enzymes in a similar pattern. However, there is no clear correlation between in vitro studies and clinical studies, mainly because most in vitro studies use supraphysiological cytokine doses. Moreover, clinical studies demonstrate considerable variability in terms of methodology and inconsistencies in evaluation of the inflammatory state. In conclusion, we find inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines to be important factors in regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The observed downregulation is clinically relevant, and we emphasize caution when treating patients in an inflammatory state with narrow therapeutic index drugs. Further research is needed to identify the full extent of inflammation-mediated changes in DMETs and to further support personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrine Dalgård Dunvald
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Erkka Järvinen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Christina Mortensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tore B Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Zhang HF, Zhu LL, Yang XB, Gao N, Fang Y, Wen Q, Qiao HL. Variation in the expression of cytochrome P450-related miRNAs and transcriptional factors in human livers: Correlation with cytochrome P450 gene phenotypes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115389. [PMID: 33385404 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression exhibits large interindividual variation attributable to diverse regulatory factors including microRNAs (miRNAs) and hepatic transcription factors (TFs). We used real-time qPCR with 106 human liver samples to measure the expression and interindividual variation of seven miRNAs and four TFs that have been reported to regulate the expression of CYPs; we also identified factors that influence their expression. The results show that expression of the seven miRNAs and the four TFs exhibits a non-normal distribution and the expression variability is high (89- to 618-fold for miRNA and 12- to 85-fold for TFs). Age contributed to the interindividual variation for miR-148a, miR-27b and miR-34a, whereas cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption significantly reduced HNF4α mRNA levels. Association analysis showed significant correlations among the seven miRNAs as well as the four TFs. Furthermore, we systematically evaluated the impact of the seven miRNAs and four TFs on protein content, mRNA levels, translation efficiency and activity of 10 CYPs. The results show that numerous associations (positive and negative) are present between the seven miRNAs or the four TFs and the 10 CYP phenotypes (as indicated by mRNA, protein and activity); specifically, miR-27b, miR-34a and all four TFs played key roles in the interindividual variation of CYPs. Our results extend previous findings and suggest that miR-27b and miR-34a may be potential direct or indirect master regulators of CYP expression and thereby contribute to the interindividual variations in CYP-mediated drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Ling Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), integrating energy metabolism and microbial or obesity-mediated inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114346. [PMID: 33227291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been characterized as multifunctional sensor, integrator and ligand-activated transcription factor of the bHLH/PAS family. Regulation of inflammatory diseases and energy metabolism are among the putative functions of AHR. Challenges in AHR research include marked species differences, and cell, tissue and context dependence of AHR functions. The commentary is focused on AHR's role in the integration between energy expenditure and microbial and non-infectious inflammation, the latter exemplified by obesity-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. One of the mechanisms controlling energy-consuming inflammation is represented by a signalsome that is involved in retinoic acid-triggered neutrophil differentiation and regulation of the NADPH oxidase complex (NOX). Established signalsome components are AHR, CD38, multiple protein kinases and adaptors. To prevent chronic inflammatory diseases, the complex interplay between a range of inflammatory responses and energy expenditure must be precisely regulated. Surviving an infection requires both pathogen clearance and tissue protection from inflammatory damage. Defenses are energy-consuming anabolic programs. Therefore, anti-inflammatory, catabolic tolerance programs by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages have evolved. Therapeutic options of AHR agonists to reduce chronic inflammatory diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Regulation of CAR and PXR Expression in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112395. [PMID: 33142929 PMCID: PMC7692647 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Their functions have long been associated with the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition, and it is now well established that they are implicated in physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the regulation of their activity by their cognate ligand; however, additional regulatory mechanisms, among which the regulation of their expression, modulate their pleiotropic effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge on CAR and PXR expression during development and adult life; tissue distribution; spatial, temporal, and metabolic regulations; as well as in pathological situations, including chronic diseases and cancers. The expression of CAR and PXR is modulated by complex regulatory mechanisms that involve the interplay of transcription factors and also post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many environmental stimuli affect CAR and PXR expression through mechanisms that have not been elucidated.
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Implications of metabolism-driven myeloid dysfunctions in cancer therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:829-841. [PMID: 33077904 PMCID: PMC7570408 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid responses. In chronic inflammatory states, including cancer, this balance is lost due to dramatic expansion of myeloid progenitors that fail to mature to functional inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), thus giving rise to a decline in the antitumor effector lymphoid response. Cancer-related inflammation orchestrates the production of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that perpetuate recruitment and activation of myeloid precursors, resulting in unresolved and chronic inflammation. This pathologic inflammation creates profound alterations in the intrinsic cellular metabolism of the myeloid progenitor pool, which is amplified by competition for essential nutrients and by hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring at the tumor site. Therefore, persistent myelopoiesis and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the development of cancer, as well as to the severity of a broad range of diseases, including metabolic syndrome and autoimmune and infectious diseases. The aims of this review are to (1) define the metabolic networks implicated in aberrant myelopoiesis observed in cancer patients, (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations and the impact of metabolic perturbations on clinical outcomes, and (3) explore new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to restore immunometabolism and differentiation of myeloid cells towards an effector phenotype to increase host antitumor immunity. We propose that the profound metabolic alterations and associated transcriptional changes triggered by chronic and overactivated immune responses in myeloid cells represent critical factors influencing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) for current therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
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Rannug A. How the AHR Became Important in Intestinal Homeostasis-A Diurnal FICZ/AHR/CYP1A1 Feedback Controls Both Immunity and Immunopathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165681. [PMID: 32784381 PMCID: PMC7461111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the 1970s, when profound immunosuppression caused by exogenous dioxin-like compounds was first observed, the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in immunomodulation has been the focus of considerable research interest. Today it is established that activation of this receptor by its high-affinity endogenous ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), plays important physiological roles in maintaining epithelial barriers. In the gut lumen, the small amounts of FICZ that are produced from L-tryptophan by microbes are normally degraded rapidly by the inducible cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme. This review describes how when the metabolic clearance of FICZ is attenuated by inhibition of CYP1A1, this compound passes through the intestinal epithelium to immune cells in the lamina propria. FICZ, the level of which is thus modulated by this autoregulatory loop involving FICZ itself, the AHR and CYP1A1, plays a central role in maintaining gut homeostasis by potently up-regulating the expression of interleukin 22 (IL-22) by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). IL-22 stimulates various epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides and mucus, thereby both strengthening the epithelial barrier against pathogenic microbes and promoting colonization by beneficial bacteria. Dietary phytochemicals stimulate this process by inhibiting CYP1A1 and causing changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The activity of CYP1A1 can be increased by other microbial products, including the short-chain fatty acids, thereby accelerating clearance of FICZ. In particular, butyrate enhances both the level of the AHR and CYP1A1 activity by stimulating histone acetylation, a process involved in the daily cycle of the FICZ/AHR/CYP1A1 feedback loop. It is now of key interest to examine the potential involvement of FICZ, a major physiological activator of the AHR, in inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rannug
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rasmussen MK. Porcine cytochrome P450 3A: current status on expression and regulation. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1899-1914. [PMID: 32172306 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute a family of enzymes maintaining vital functions in the body and are mostly recognized for their significant role in detoxification. Of the CYP subfamilies, CYP3A, is one of the most active in the clearance of drugs and other xenobiotics. During the last decades, much focus has been on exploring different models for human CYP3A regulation, expression and activity. In that respect, the growing knowledge of the porcine CYP3As is of great interest. Although many aspects of porcine CYP3A regulation and activity are still unknown, the current literature provides a basic understanding of the porcine CYP3As that can be used e.g., when translating results from studies done in the porcine model into human settings. In this review, the current knowledge about porcine CYP3A expression, regulation, activity and metabolic significance are highlighted. Future research needs are also identified.
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Hepatic PGC-1α is not essential for fasting-induced cytochrome p450 regulation in mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113736. [PMID: 31786263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fasting has been shown to regulate the expression of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme system in the liver. However, the exact mechanism behind the fasting-induced regulation of the CYP's remains unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which is a key-regulator of energy metabolism, is responsible for the fasting-induced regulation of the CYP's. Lox/lox and liver specific PGC-1α (LKO) mice of both sexes, fasted for 18 h and the content of the CYP's as well as the hepatic metabolome was assessed. Fasting increased the mRNA content of Cyp2a4, Cyp2e1, Cyp3a11 and Cyp4a10. The fasting-induced response in Cyp4a10 mRNA content was different between lox/lox and LKO mice, while the absence of PGC-1α had no effect on the fasting-induced response for the other Cyp's. Moreover, the fasting-induced response in mRNA content of Sirtinus 1 and Perilipin 2 was different between lox/lox and LKO mice. Only the CYP1A isoform showed a fasting-induced response at the protein level. Absence of hepatic PGC-1α had no effect on the apparent metabolome, where fasting vs fed was the only discriminate in the following multivariate analysis. In conclusion, hepatic PGC-1α is not essential for the fasting-induced regulation of hepatic CYP's.
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Kugler N, Klein K, Zanger UM. MiR-155 and other microRNAs downregulate drug metabolizing cytochromes P450 in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113725. [PMID: 31758923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In conditions of acute and chronic inflammation hepatic detoxification capacity is severely impaired due to coordinated downregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Using global transcriptome analysis of liver tissue from donors with pathologically elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), we observed comparable extent of positive and negative acute phase response, where the top upregulated gene sets included immune response and defense pathways while downregulation occurred mostly in metabolic and catabolic pathways including many important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNA), which usually act as negative regulators of gene expression, contribute to this process. Microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses identified differentially expressed miRNAs in liver tissues from donors with elevated CRP, cholestasis, steatosis, or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Using luciferase reporter constructs harboring native and mutated 3'-untranslated gene regions, several predicted miRNA binding sites on RXRα (miR-130b-3p), CYP2C8 (miR-452-5p), CYP2C9 (miR-155-5p), CYP2C19 (miR-155-5p, miR-6807-5p), and CYP3A4 (miR-224-5p) were validated. HepaRG cells transfected with miRNA mimics showed coordinate reductions in mRNA levels and several cytochrome P450 enzyme activities particularly for miR-155-5p, miR-452-5p, and miR-6807-5p, the only miRNA that was deregulated in all four pathological conditions. Furthermore we observed strong negative correlations between liver tissue miRNA levels and hepatic CYP phenotypes. Since miR-155 is well known for its multifunctional roles in immunity, inflammation, and cancer, our data suggest that this and other miRNAs contribute to coordinated downregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kugler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
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14
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Zhang L, Xu P, Cheng Y, Wang P, Ma X, Liu M, Wang X, Xu F. Diet-induced obese alters the expression and function of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:368-376. [PMID: 31063713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the incidences of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabete, fatty liver, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, heart disease, hypertension and cancer. In particular, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs have changed in obese patients. However, little is known about the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that are influenced by diet-induced obese. In this report, we established obesity and fatty liver models in male rats by high-fat diet. The expression profiles of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters were studied by quantitative real-timePCR and Western blotting analysis. The function of these enzymes and transporters were assessed by their substrates and cocktail methods. The expression and activity of phase I enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP3A1, CYP4A1 and FMO1) and phase II enzymes (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, NAT1 and GSTT1) were decreased in the liver of obese rats. In addition, the mRNA levels of hepatic transporter Slco1a2, Slco1b2, Slc22a5, Abcc2, Abcc3, Abcb1a and Abcg2 decreased significantly in obese animals, while Abcb1b increased significantly. Furthermore, the decreased expression of hepatic phase I and II enzymes and transporter may be due to changes of Hnf4α, LXRα and FXR. In conclusion, the diet-induced obese altered the expression and function of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in male rats, thereby impacting drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Fengxian Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Fengxian Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Fengxian Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Knudsen JG, Bertholdt L, Gudiksen A, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Rasmussen MK. Skeletal Muscle Interleukin-6 Regulates Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Expression: Effects of 16-Week High-Fat Diet and Exercise. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:309-317. [PMID: 29177473 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induces several changes to the pathways regulating energy homeostasis and changes the expression of the hepatic cytochrome p450 (Cyp) enzyme-system. Despite these pervious findings, it is still unclear how the effects of HFD and especially HFD in combination with treadmill running affect hepatic Cyp expression. In this study, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of selected Cyp's in mice subjected to 16 weeks of HFD and treadmill running. To understand the regulatory mechanisms behind the exercise-induced reversion of the HFD-induced changes in Cyp expression, we used a model in which the exercise-induced myokine and known regulator of hepatic Cyp's, interleukin-6 (IL-6), were knocked out specifically in skeletal muscle. We found that HFD increased the mRNA expression of Cyp1a1 and Cyp4a10, and decreased the expression of Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10, Cyp2e1, and Cyp3a11. HFD in combination with treadmill running reversed the HFD increase in Cyp4a10 mRNA expression. In addition, we observed increased Cyp1a and Cyp3a protein expression as an effect of exercise, whereas Cyp2b expression was lowered as an effect of HFD. IL-6 effected the response in Cyp3a11 and Cyp1a expression. We observed no changes in the content of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, or peroxisome proliferation activator receptor alpha. In conclusion, we show that both HFD and exercise in HFD-fed animals can regulate hepatic Cyp expression and that changes in Cyp3a in response to HFD and exercise are dependent on skeletal muscular IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob G Knudsen
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Bertholdt
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Rannug A, Rannug U. The tryptophan derivative 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, FICZ, a dynamic mediator of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, balances cell growth and differentiation. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:555-574. [PMID: 30226107 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1493086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is not essential to survival, but does act as a key regulator of many normal physiological events. The role of this receptor in toxicological processes has been studied extensively, primarily employing the high-affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, regulation of physiological responses by endogenous AHR ligands remains to be elucidated. Here, we review developments in this field, with a focus on 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), the endogenous ligand with the highest affinity to the receptor reported to date. The binding of FICZ to different isoforms of the AHR seems to be evolutionarily well conserved and there is a feedback loop that controls AHR activity through metabolic degradation of FICZ via the highly inducible cytochrome P450 1A1. Several investigations provide strong evidence that FICZ plays a critical role in normal physiological processes and can ameliorate immune diseases with remarkable efficiency. Low levels of FICZ are pro-inflammatory, providing resistance to pathogenic bacteria, stimulating the anti-tumor functions, and promoting the differentiation of cancer cells by repressing genes in cancer stem cells. In contrast, at high concentrations FICZ behaves in a manner similar to TCDD, exhibiting toxicity toward fish and bird embryos, immune suppression, and activation of cancer progression. The findings are indicative of a dual role for endogenously activated AHR in barrier tissues, aiding clearance of infections and suppressing immunity to terminate a vicious cycle that might otherwise lead to disease. There is not much support for the AHR ligand-specific immune responses proposed, the differences between FICZ and TCDD in this context appear to be explained by the rapid metabolism of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rannug
- a Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- b Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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17
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Bourque LA, Raverty S, Co C, Lillie BN, Daoust PY, Clark ME, Caswell JL. Benzo(a)pyrene suppresses tracheal antimicrobial peptide gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 203:40-46. [PMID: 30243371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans, which are also threatened by environmental degradation caused by crude oil spills. Following oil spills, cetaceans at the water surface may inhale droplets of oil containing toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which could potentially alter respiratory immunity via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its subsequent interaction with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). β-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by airway epithelial cells and their expression is known to be dependent on NF-κB. We hypothesized that PAHs may suppress the expression of β-defensins, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This hypothesis was modeled by measuring the in vitro effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), phenanthrene, and naphthalene on tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced 20 ± 17-fold (mean ± SD) increased TAP gene expression. Exposure of tracheal epithelial cells to 5 μM BAP for 4 or 8 h, followed by incubation with a combination of LPS and 5 μM BAP for another 16 h, significantly (P = 0.002) suppressed LPS-induced TAP gene expression by 40.6 ± 21.8% (mean ± SD) in tracheal epithelial cells from 9 calves tested. BAP-induced suppression of TAP gene expression coincided with induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression. In contrast, phenanthrene and naphthalene had no consistent effect, and exposure to PAHs did not significantly affect constitutive TAP gene expression (i.e. without LPS). These findings characterize the suppressive effects of BAP-a toxic pollutant found in crude oil-on this respiratory innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bourque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, V3G 2M3 Abbotsford, BC, Canada.
| | - Carmon Co
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Yves Daoust
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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18
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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19
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Kot M, Daujat-Chavanieu M. Altered cytokine profile under control of the serotonergic system determines the regulation of CYP2C11 and CYP3A isoforms. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:369-378. [PMID: 29698782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess a potential mechanism by which the serotonergic system can control the expression and activity of cytochrome (CYP) 2C11 and CYP3A isoforms during liver insufficiency. A rat model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver insufficiency was developed by administering 50 mg/kg of DEN twice a week for 7 weeks. Dysfunction of the serotonergic system was evoked by feeding the rats with a tryptophan-free diet for three weeks. Dysfunction of the serotonergic system during liver insufficiency decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-1β) and increased the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4). Simultaneously, activation of the repressive mechanism IL-4/JAK1/STAT6/SOCS1 of the JAK2/STAT5b-mediated signal transduction pathway and the pERK1/2/GR/STAT6 signal transduction pathway resulted in the suppression of the CYP2C11 and CYP3A isoforms. Moreover, dysfunction of the serotonergic system during liver insufficiency equalized the level of testosterone to the basal level, did not change the steady state of the corticosterone level and significantly enhanced the reduced level of growth hormone. An altered cytokine profile under control of the serotonergic system determines the regulation of CYP2C11 and CYP3A isoforms during liver insufficiency through mechanisms based on posttranscriptional and posttranslational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1183, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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20
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Rasmussen MK, Bertholdt L, Gudiksen A, Pilegaard H, Knudsen JG. Impact of fasting followed by short-term exposure to interleukin-6 on cytochrome P450 mRNA in mice. Toxicol Lett 2017; 282:93-99. [PMID: 29030272 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The gene expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family is regulated by numerous factors. Fasting has been shown to induce increased hepatic CYP mRNA in both humans and animals. However, the coordinated regulation of CYP, CYP-regulating transcription factors, and transcriptional co-factors in the liver linking energy metabolism to detoxification has never been investigated. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been suggested to be released during fasting and has been shown to regulate CYP expression. The present study investigated the hepatic mRNA content of selected CYP, AhR, CAR, PXR and PPARα in mice fasted for 18h and subsequently exposed to IL-6. Furthermore, the impact of fasting on PGC-1α, HNF-4α, SIRT1 and SIRT3 mRNA was examined. Fasting induced a marked increase in Cyp2b10, Cyp2e1 and Cyp4a10 mRNA, while CYP1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp2a4 and Cyp3a11 mRNA levels remained unchanged. In accordance, the mRNA levels of CAR and PPARα were also increased with fasting. The PGC-1α, SIRT1 and SIRT3 mRNA levels were also increased after fasting, while the HNF-4α mRNA levels remained unchanged. In mice subjected to IL-6 injection, the fasting-induced PXR, PPARα and PGC-1α mRNA responses were lower than after saline injection. In conclusion, fasting was demonstrated to be a strong inducer of hepatic CYP mRNA as well as selected transcription factors controlling the expression of the investigated CYP. Moreover, the mRNA levels of transcriptional co-factors acting as energy sensors and co-factors for CYP regulation was also increased in the liver, suggesting crosstalk at the molecular level between regulation of energy metabolism and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krøyer Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Blichers alle 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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21
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Constitutive expression and activity of cytochrome P450 in conventional pigs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 111:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Wahlang B, Perkins JT, Petriello MC, Hoffman JB, Stromberg AJ, Hennig B. A compromised liver alters polychlorinated biphenyl-mediated toxicity. Toxicology 2017; 380:11-22. [PMID: 28163111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is correlated with multiple health disorders including liver and cardiovascular diseases. The liver is important for both xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. However, the responses of an injured liver to subsequent environmental insults has not been investigated. The current study aims to evaluate the role of a compromised liver in PCB-induced toxicity and define the implications on overall body homeostasis. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either an amino acid control diet (CD) or a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) during the 12-week study. Mice were subsequently exposed to either PCB126 (4.9mg/kg) or the PCB mixture, Arcolor1260 (20mg/kg) and analyzed for inflammatory, calorimetry and metabolic parameters. Consistent with the literature, MCD diet-fed mice demonstrated steatosis, indicative of a compromised liver. Mice fed the MCD-diet and subsequently exposed to PCB126 showed observable wasting syndrome leading to mortality. PCB126 and Aroclor1260 exposure worsened hepatic fibrosis exhibited by the MCD groups. Interestingly, PCB126 but not Aroclor1260 induced steatosis and inflammation in CD-fed mice. Mice with liver injury and subsequently exposed to PCBs also manifested metabolic disturbances due to alterations in hepatic gene expression. Furthermore, PCB exposure in MCD-fed mice led to extra-hepatic toxicity such as upregulated circulating inflammatory biomarkers, implicating endothelial cell dysfunction. Taken together, these results indicate that environmental pollution can exacerbate toxicity caused by diet-induced liver injury which may be partially due to dysfunctional energy homeostasis. This is relevant to PCB-exposed human cohorts who suffer from alcohol or diet-induced fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jessie B Hoffman
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Arnold J Stromberg
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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23
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Zhong S, Han W, Hou C, Liu J, Wu L, Liu M, Liang Z, Lin H, Zhou L, Liu S, Tang L. Relation of Transcriptional Factors to the Expression and Activity of Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 1A in Human Liver: Co-Expression Network Analysis. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:203-214. [PMID: 27681103 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) play important roles in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds. The gene transcription of CYPs and UGTs can be enhanced or reduced by transcription factors (TFs). This study aims to explore novel TFs involved in the regulatory network of human hepatic UGTs/CYPs. Correlations between the transcription levels of 683 key TFs and CYPs/UGTs in three different human liver expression profiles (n = 640) were calculated first. Supervised weighted correlation network analysis (sWGCNA) was employed to define hub genes among the selected TFs. The relationship among 17 defined TFs, CYPs/UGTs expression, and activity were evaluated in 30 liver samples from Chinese patients. The positive controls (e.g., PPARA, NR1I2, NR1I3) and hub TFs (NFIA, NR3C2, and AR) in the GreysWGCNA Module were significantly and positively associated with CYPs/UGTs expression. And the cancer- or inflammation-related TFs (TEAD4, NFKB2, and NFKB1) were negatively associated with mRNA expression of CYP2C9/CYP2E1/UGT1A9. Furthermore, the effect of NR1I2, NR1I3, AR, TEAD4, and NFKB2 on CYP450/UGT1A gene transcription translated into moderate influences on enzyme activities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and supervised weighted correlation network analysis (sWGCNA) for defining TFs potentially related to CYPs/UGTs. We detected several novel TFs involved in the regulatory network of hepatic CYPs and UGTs in humans. Further validation and investigation may reveal their exact mechanism of CYPs/UGTs regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Weichao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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24
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Rasmussen MK, Theil PK, Oksbjerg N. Constitutive expression of cytochrome P450 in foetal and adult porcine livers-Effects of body weight. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:87-92. [PMID: 27320961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver hosts a great number of enzymatically driven processes, including detoxification. The super-family of enzymes named cytochrome P450 (CYP) is the major participant in that process. The expression of CYPs is affected by several factors including life-stage (foetal vs. adult). In the present study we investigated the impact of birth-weight (high or low birth weight) and life-stage on constitutive expression of porcine hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A19, CYP2B22, CYP2C33, CYP2D25, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29, as well as the transcription factors controlling their expression; aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, C/EBP and hepatocyte nuclear factors 1 and 4. Both RT-PCR and western blotting showed a marked increase in the expression of the adult pigs compared with prenatal pigs. Moreover, CYP2E1 mRNA expression was 7.5 fold higher in foetuses with low birth weight compared with foetuses with high birth weight. Gender did not affect the mRNA expression within the different life-stages. These results indicate a similarity to what is observed in humans and porcine foetuses may therefore be a model for humans when studying expression of CYPs.
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Baginskaya NV, Kashina EV, Shamanina MY, Ilnitskaya SI, Kaledin VI, Mordvinov VA. Correlation of susceptibility to ortho-aminoazotoluene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis with Car and Ahr signaling pathway activation in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079059716040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Genomewide comparison of the inducible transcriptomes of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR and PPARα in primary human hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1218-1227. [PMID: 26994748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-activated nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are two master transcriptional regulators of many important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporter genes (DMET) in response to xenobiotics including many drugs. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis. Recent research has shown that there are substantial overlaps in the regulated genes of these receptors. For example, both CAR and PXR also modulate the transcription of key enzymes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and PPARα also functions as a direct transcriptional regulator of important DMET genes including cytochrome P450s CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. Despite their important and widespread influence on liver metabolism, comparative data are scarce, particularly at a global level and in humans. The major objective of this study was to directly compare the genome-wide transcriptional changes elucidated by the activation of these three nuclear receptors in primary human hepatocytes. Cultures from six individual donors were treated with the prototypical ligands for CAR (CITCO), PXR (rifampicin) and PPARα (WY14,643) or DMSO as vehicle control. Genomewide mRNA profiles determined with Affymetrix microarrays were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and metabolic functions. The results confirmed known prototype target genes and revealed strongly overlapping sets of coregulated but also distinctly regulated and novel responsive genes and pathways. The results further specify the role of PPARα as a regulator of drug metabolism and the role of the xenosensors PXR and CAR in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Wahlang B, Prough RA, Falkner KC, Hardesty JE, Song M, Clair HB, Clark BJ, States JC, Arteel GE, Cave MC. Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptor Interactions Regulate Energy Metabolism, Behavior, and Inflammation in Non-alcoholic-Steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:396-410. [PMID: 26612838 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants associated with non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes, and obesity. We previously demonstrated that the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1260, induced steatohepatitis and activated nuclear receptors in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. This study aims to evaluate PCB interactions with the pregnane-xenobiotic receptor (Pxr: Nr1i2) and constitutive androstane receptor (Car: Nr1i3) in NASH. Wild type C57Bl/6 (WT), Pxr(-/-) and Car(-/-) mice were fed the high fat diet (42% milk fat) and exposed to a single dose of Aroclor 1260 (20 mg/kg) in this 12-week study. Metabolic phenotyping and analysis of serum, liver, and adipose was performed. Steatohepatitis was pathologically similar in all Aroclor-exposed groups, while Pxr(-/-) mice displayed higher basal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Pxr repressed Car expression as evident by increased basal Car/Cyp2b10 expression in Pxr(-/-) mice. Both Pxr(-/-) and Car(-/-) mice showed decreased basal respiratory exchange rate (RER) consistent with preferential lipid metabolism. Aroclor increased RER and carbohydrate metabolism, associated with increased light cycle activity in both knockouts, and decreased food consumption in the Car(-/-) mice. Aroclor exposure improved insulin sensitivity in WT mice but not glucose tolerance. The Aroclor-exposed, Pxr(-/-) mice displayed increased gluconeogenic gene expression. Lipid-oxidative gene expression was higher in WT and Pxr(-/-) mice although RER was not changed, suggesting PCB-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, Pxr and Car regulated inflammation, behavior, and energy metabolism in PCB-mediated NASH. Future studies should address the 'off-target' effects of PCBs in steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | | | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew C Cave
- *Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206; and The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202
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Strauss L, Sangaletti S, Consonni FM, Szebeni G, Morlacchi S, Totaro MG, Porta C, Anselmo A, Tartari S, Doni A, Zitelli F, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Sica A. RORC1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting "Emergency" Granulo-Monocytopoiesis. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:253-69. [PMID: 26267538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-driven granulo-monocytopoiesis stimulates expansion of tumor promoting myeloid populations, mostly myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified subsets of MDSCs and TAMs based on the expression of retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor (RORC1/RORγ) in human and mouse tumor bearers. RORC1 orchestrates myelopoiesis by suppressing negative (Socs3 and Bcl3) and promoting positive (C/EBPβ) regulators of granulopoiesis, as well as the key transcriptional mediators of myeloid progenitor commitment and differentiation to the monocytic/macrophage lineage (IRF8 and PU.1). RORC1 supported tumor-promoting innate immunity by protecting MDSCs from apoptosis, mediating TAM differentiation and M2 polarization, and limiting tumor infiltration by mature neutrophils. Accordingly, ablation of RORC1 in the hematopoietic compartment prevented cancer-driven myelopoiesis, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Myelopoiesis/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Burden/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Strauss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Consonni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gabor Szebeni
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Morlacchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Totaro
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zitelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Moon JY, Chang BC, Lee KE, Bang JS, Gwak HS. Effects of Pregnane X Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms on Stable Warfarin Doses. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 20:532-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248415578906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a transcriptional regulator of many drug-metabolizing enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9. The objective of this study was to assess the possible association between PXR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and stable warfarin doses. Methods: A total of 201 patients with stable warfarin doses from the EwhA-Severance Treatment (EAST) Group of Warfarin were included in this study. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on stable warfarin doses was investigated by genotyping 11 SNPs, that is, vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) rs9934438, CYP2C9 rs1057910, CYP4F2 rs2108622, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) rs2501873, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) rs3212198, and PXR (rs3814055, rs1403526, rs3732357, rs3732360, rs2276707 and rs2472682). Subgroup analysis was conducted on CYP2C9 wild-type homozygote allele (AA) carriers. Results: One PXR SNP of rs2472682 (A>C) exhibited significant association with stable warfarin doses in study population and the subgroup; variant homozygote carriers required significantly lower daily doses of warfarin than those carrying wild allele by about 0.8 mg. Approximate 43.7% of overall interindividual variability in warfarin dose requirement was explained by multivariate regression model. VKORC1, CYP2C9, age, CYP4F2, PXR rs2472682, and CAR/HNF4α rs2501873/rs3212198 accounted for 29.6%, 5.9%, 3.7%, 2.3%, 1.3%, and 0.9% of the variability, respectively. PXR SNP of rs2472682 remained a significant factor in CYP2C9 wild-type homozygote carriers based on univariate and multivariate analyses. The combination of CAR/HNF4α/PXR SNPs of rs2501873/rs3212198/rs2472682 showed about 1 mg dose difference between grouped genotypes in study population and subgroup. Conclusion: Our results revealed that PXR could be a determinant of stable warfarin doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Moon
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Bang
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Schinnerling K, Soto L, García-González P, Catalán D, Aguillón JC. Skewing dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic state for recovery of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:517-27. [PMID: 25633325 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To date, the available options to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include traditional corticoids and biological drugs, which are not exempt of adverse effects. The development of cellular therapies based on dendritic cells with tolerogenic functions (TolDCs) has opened a new possibility to efficiently eradicate symptoms and control the immune response in the field of autoimmunity. TolDCs are an attractive tool for antigen-specific immunotherapy to restore self-tolerance in RA and other autoimmune disorders. A promising strategy is to inject autologous self-antigen-loaded TolDCs, which are able to delete or reprogram autoreactive T cells. Different protocols for the generation of stable human TolDCs have been established and the therapeutic effect of TolDCs has been investigated in multiple rodent models of arthritis. Pilot studies in humans confirmed that TolDC application is safe, encouraging clinical trials using self-antigen-loaded TolDCs in RA patients. Although an abundance of molecular regulators of DC functions has been discovered in the last decade, no master regulator of tolerogenicity has been identified yet. Further research is required to define biomarkers or key regulators of tolerogenicity that might facilitate the induction and monitoring of TolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina García-González
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan C Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Rasmussen MK, Zamaratskaia G. Regulation of porcine hepatic cytochrome p450 - implication for boar taint. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 11:106-12. [PMID: 25408844 PMCID: PMC4232568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is the major family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of several xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. Among substrates for CYP450 is the tryptophan metabolite skatole (3-methylindole), one of the major contributors to the off-odour associated with boar-tainted meat. The accumulation of skatole in pigs is highly dependent on the hepatic clearance by CYP450s. In recent years, the porcine CYP450 has attracted attention both in relation to meat quality and as a potential model for human CYP450. The molecular regulation of CYP450 mRNA expression is controlled by several nuclear receptors and transcription factors that are targets for numerous endogenously and exogenously produced agonists and antagonists. Moreover, CYP450 expression and activity are affected by factors such as age, gender and feeding. The regulation of porcine CYP450 has been suggested to have more similarities with human CYP450 than other animal models, including rodents. This article reviews the available data on porcine hepatic CYP450s and its implications for boar taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krøyer Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
- INSERM U1040, University of Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Tel.: + 45 87 15 74 26.
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Xu Y, Li P, Zhang X, Wang J, Gu D, Wang Y. In vitro evidence for bakuchiol's influence towards drug metabolism through inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:564-9. [PMID: 25352873 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been regarded as one of the most important reason for clinical drug-drug interaction. AIM The aim of the present study is to evaluate the inhibition of bakuchiol towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B isoforms. METHODS In vitro recombinant UGT2B-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronidation was used as the probe reaction. Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot were employed to determine the inhibition kinetic type, and nonlinear regression of data was utilized to calculate the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki). In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was carried out to predict in vivo inhibition magnitude. RESULTS Among the tested UGT2B isoforms, UGT2B7 was inhibited by the strongest intensity. The noncompetitive inhibition was demonstrated by the results obtained from Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Ki value was calculated to be 10.7 µM. In combination with the reported concentration after an intravenous administration of bakuchiol (15 mg/kg) in rats, the high risk of in vivo inhibition of bakuchiol towards UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism of drugs was indicated. CONCLUSION All these results provide an important information for the risk evaluation of the clinical utilization of bakuchiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Peizhong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
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33
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RelB and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: dendritic cell tolerance at the epithelial interface. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 91:543-4. [PMID: 24108273 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Mimche SM, Nyagode BA, Merrell MD, Lee CM, Prasanphanich NS, Cummings RD, Morgan ET. Hepatic cytochrome P450s, phase II enzymes and nuclear receptors are downregulated in a Th2 environment during Schistosoma mansoni infection. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:134-40. [PMID: 24163175 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection downregulate the activity and expression of cytochrome P450s (P450s) and other drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) involved in hepatic drug clearance. Schistosoma mansoni infection was reported to cause a downregulation of hepatic P450-dependent activities in mouse liver, but little is known about the specific enzymes affected or whether phase II DMEs are also affected. Here we describe the effect of murine schistosomiasis on the expression of hepatic P450s, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (Cpr), phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, and nuclear receptors at 30 and 45 days postinfection (dpi). Although the hepatic expression of some of these genes was altered at 30 dpi, we observed substantial changes in the expression of the majority of P450 mRNAs and proteins measured, Cpr protein, as well as many of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases at 45 dpi. S. mansoni infection also altered nuclear receptor expression, inducing mRNA levels at 30 dpi and depressing levels at 45 dpi. S. mansoni evoked a T helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory response at 45 dpi, as indicated by the induction of hepatic Th2 cytokine mRNAs [interleukins 4, 5, and 13], whereas the hepatic proinflammatory response was relatively weak. Thus, chronic schistosomiasis markedly and selectively alters the expression of multiple DMEs, which may be associated with Th2 cytokine release. This would represent a novel mechanism of DME regulation in disease states. These findings have important implications for drug testing in infected mice, whereas the relevance to humans with schistosomiasis needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie M Mimche
- Departments of Pharmacology (S.M.M., B.A.N., M.D.M., C.-M.L., E.T.M.) and Biochemistry (N.S.P., R.D.C.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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